英语 选择性必修 第一册 WY
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar(非限制性定语从句)
①Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification.
②She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course.
③You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning.
④Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.
⑤He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.
(1)以上引导词引导的从句皆为________从句，从句与主句之间用________隔开。
(2)非限制性定语从句可以置于主句________(如例句①④)，前后有________隔开，也可以置于主句________(如例句②③⑤)。
(3)非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一________(如例句①②③④)，也可指代整个________的内容(如例句⑤)。
答案：(1)非限制性定语 逗号 (2)之中 逗号 之后 (3)名词 主句
一、非限制性定语从句的特点
1．非限制性定语从句的结构：与先行词之间用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，如去掉从句，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
①The children, who wanted to have a journey, were disappointed when the journey was cancelled.
那些想旅行的孩子，都因旅行的取消而感到失望。
②Paris, which is the capital of France, is a beautiful city.
巴黎是法国的首都，它是一个美丽的城市。
2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。
①We'll graduate in July, when we will be free. (先行词为名词)
我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。
②He often comes to school late, which makes his teacher angry.(先行词为主句的内容)
他上学经常迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。
名师点津 非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没有领会我的意思，这使我很心烦。
单句表达
①很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想，他们中的大多数受到了良好的教育。
Many young people, ____________________________________， headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
②传统的当地图书馆通常在上午9点开放，晚上10点关门，这对上班族来说很不方便。
The traditional local libraries typically open at 9：00 am and close at 10：00 pm, __________________________．
③我们将会把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周，那个时候天气可能会更好一些。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ___________________________________．
答案：①most of whom were well-educated
②which is inconvenient for working people
③when the weather may be better
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．关系代词
which既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语，而whom在从句中作宾语；whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。
①He wasn't unconscious, which could be judged from his eyes.
他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。
②Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去医院了。
2．关系副词
when指代时间，在从句中充当时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点，在从句中充当地点状语，可与“介词＋which”互换。
①We will put off the outing until next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy.
我们把郊游推迟到下个星期天，那时我们就不会那么忙了。
②Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
昨天，他们去公园里野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。
名师点津 不用why引导非限制定语从句，用for which代替why。 The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting, wasn't given. 他为何缺席会议，没有给出任何理由。
用恰当的关系词填空
①I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.
②Walt joined the Red Cross and was sent to France, ________ he spent a year driving an ambulance.
③Such is our mother, ________ is kind to us but strict with us in everything.
答案：①whose ②where/in which ③who
三、as 与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前，之中或之后 引导的从句不能置于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
①As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
②The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success.
正如所期盼的，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。
③Catherine will attend a party, which she is busy preparing for now.
凯瑟琳将参加一个聚会，现在她正在忙着为此做准备。
选词填空(as/which)
①Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.
②The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
③________ we all know, he is a gifted pianist.
答案：①which ②which ③As
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整
结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能 修饰先行词 解释说明先行词
引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外
①When you reached the village, you would first find a house whose windows were made of wood.
当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一座有着木窗的房子。
②They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, where they also did some climbing.
他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景，在那里他们还做了些爬山运动。
巧学助记
定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号；
定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；
定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。
单句表达
①我建议他们乘坐20路公交车，它能直接把他们带到那里。
I advised them to take Bus No. 20, ______________________________．
②没有发表观点的网民占百分之十。
The netizens ____________________________ account for ten percent.
答案：①which could take them there directly ②who didn't voice their opinions
Vocabulary
1 impress v. 使钦佩，使留下深刻印象(教材P7)
归纳拓展
①Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望给世人留下了深刻的印象。
②A thousand words will not leave so deep an impression as one deed.
千言万语不如一个行动。
③Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites.
乔纳森说，完全没有必要通过制作一个巨大的、令人印象深刻的风筝来享受做风筝和放风筝的乐趣。
(1)单句语法填空
①My first ________ (impress) on him was favourable.
②She impressed her words ________ my memory.
③He impressed her ________ his sincerity.
答案：①impression ②on ③with
(2)一句多译
父亲让我铭记努力工作的重要性。
Father ________________________________________________________________________ me.
＝Father __________________ the value of hard work.
答案：impressed the value of hard work on/upon; impressed on/upon me
2 deserve v. 应得，应受到(教材P7)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①You are a good human being and you deserve treating/to be treated as such.
你是一个好人，你应该受到这样的对待。
②With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves attention.
由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前的形势值得注意。
名师点津 “deserve doing”结构是主动形式表示被动含义，它相当于deserve to be done。与deserve用法类似的词还有：need, want, require, demand (需要)。
(1)单句语法填空
①The report deserves careful ________ (consider)．
②He deserves ________ (lock) up for ever for what he did.
答案：①consideration ②locking/to be locked
(2)一句多译
我认为任何好的建议都值得考虑。
I think any good suggestion ______________．
＝I think any good suggestion ______________．
＝I think any good suggestion __________________________．
答案：deserves consideration; deserves considering; deserves to be considered
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．You ________ (应得) a rest after all that hard work.
答案：deserve
2．The agreement is ________ (极其重要的) to spurring economic growth around the world.
答案：essential
3．The Great Wall never fails to i________．
答案：impress
4．He got up, hands held high above his head in a victory clasp, g________．
答案：grinning
5．I would do anything to see you c________ a smile.
答案：crack
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, as is done by many businessmen ________ live in downtown Tianjin.
答案：who/that
2．Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
答案：which
3．She has been absent again, ________ is expected.
答案：as
4．The famous footballer, in ________ honour a party will be held, is to arrive this afternoon.
答案：whose
5．________ is reported in the newspaper, a serious accident has happened recently.
答案：As
6．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building, most of ________ hadn't been cleaned for at least one month.
答案：which
7．I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life.
答案：when; which
8．Her father works in a factory, ________ he makes cars.
答案：where
9．The old lady has two daughters, one of ________ is working abroad.
答案：whom
10．This is one of the reasons ________ you have to give it up.
答案：why
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．他们住在一个高楼里，在楼的前面矗立着一棵大树。
They lived in a tall building, ________________________________．
答案：in front of which stood a big tree
2．他递给我一支钢笔，我就用那支钢笔给他写下了我的地址。
He handed me a pen, ____________________________．
答案：with which I wrote down my address for him
3．让我们为我们的约会定个日期，届时我们将谈论这件事。
Let's fix the date for our appointment, ________________________________．
答案：when we will discuss the matter
4．结果他很成功，这超出了我们的期望。
He turned out to be very successful, ________________________________．
答案：which was beyond our expectation
5．这个村庄不再是它过去的样子。
The village is not the same one ____________________.
答案：as it used to be
6．这三个儿子都已取得巨大成功，他们当中没有一个是医生。
The three sons, ________________________， have all achieved great success.
答案：none of whom is a doctor
7．我们住在山里，那里的生活很艰难。
We live in the mountains, ________________________.
答案：where life is hard
8．玛丽明天会来看我，她是我最好的朋友。
Mary, ________________________， will come to see me tomorrow.
答案：who is my best friend
9．昨天她买了些布，她打算用这些布做一条裙子。
She bought some cloth yesterday, ________________________________________.
答案：with which she was going to make a dress
10．那名游客站在楼顶上，在那里他能够欣赏到美丽的风景。
The tourist was standing on the top of the building, ______________________________________.
答案：where he could enjoy the beautiful view
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
When Pat Jones finished college, she decided to travel around the world and see as many foreign places as she could while she was young. Pat wanted to visit Latin America first, so she got a job as an English teacher in a school in Bolivia. Pat spoke a little Spanish, so she was able to communicate with her students even when they didn't know much English.
Once, a sentence she had read somewhere struck her mind: if you dream in a foreign language, you have really mastered it. Pat repeated this sentence to her students and hoped that some day she would dream in Spanish and they would dream in English.
One day, one of her worst students came up and explained in Spanish that he had not done his homework. He had gone to bed early and had slept badly.
“What does this have to do with your homework？” Pat asked.
“I dreamed all night, Miss Jones. And my dream was in English.”
“In English？” Pat was very surprised, since he was such a bad student. She was even secretly jealous. Her dream was still not in Spanish. But she encouraged her young student, “Well, tell me about your dream.”
“All the people in my dream spoke English. All the newspapers and magazines and all the TV programmes were in English.”
“But that's wonderful，” said Pat. “What did all the people say to you？”
“I am sorry, Miss Jones. That's why I slept so badly. I didn't understand a word they said. It was a nightmare.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一则在英语语言环境中做梦的幽默故事。
1．Pat believed that ________．
A．people could learn foreign languages in their dreams
B．she already dreamed in Spanish so she has mastered Spanish
C．one of her worst students had already mastered English
D．dreaming in a foreign language meant a good command of it
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once, a sentence she had read somewhere struck her mind: if you dream in a foreign language, you have really mastered it.”可知，Pat (帕特)认为用一种语言做梦就说明你已掌握它。故选D。
2．Pat's student didn't finish his homework because ________．
A．the homework was too difficult
B．the student dreamed in English
C．the student didn't sleep well
D．the student didn't know much English
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Pat的学生因为没睡好，才导致没能完成作业。故选C。
3．The writer wrote this story ________．
A．to show us how to learn a foreign language
B．to show us how to teach a foreign language
C．to amuse us with an interesting story
D．to encourage us to travel to foreign countries
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了一个英语老师与一个用英语做梦的学生之间的有趣故事，由此可推知，作者写这则故事是为了引人发笑。故选C。
4．From the passage we can infer that ________．
A．in Bolivia, people speak Spanish
B．Pat's student who dreamed in English was actually good at English
C．Pat has already learned much Spanish
D．in Latin America, the newspapers and magazines are in English
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“she got a job ... little Spanish, so she was able to communicate with her students even when they didn't know much English”可推知，在玻利维亚，人们用西班牙语交流。故选A。
B
Many famous singers have long sung about the power of a smile—how it picks you up, changes your mind and generally makes you feel better. But is it all smoke and mirrors, or is there a scientific support for this
Research from the University of South Australia proves that the act of smiling can make your mind be more positive, simply by moving your facial muscles. The study, published in Experimental Psychology, looked at the influence of a smile on perception (感知) of facial and body expressions. In the study, a smile was created by volunteers holding a pen between their teeth, forcing their facial muscles to make the movement of a smile. The research found that facial muscular activity changes the recognition of not only facial expressions but also body expressions, with both producing more positive feelings.
Lead researcher Dr Fernando Marmolejo Ramos says the findings are important for spiritual health. “When your muscles say you're happy, you're more likely to see the world around you in a positive way，” he says. “In our research we found that when you forcefully practiced smiling, the part of the brain controlling feelings became active, which encouraged a more positive state. If we can make the brain view stimuli (刺激) as ‘happy’， then we can possibly use this way to help improve spiritual health.”
The study was done in the same way as an old smile experiment by examining how people understood a group of facial expressions using the pen in teeth method; however, it also used special videos (from sad walking videos to happy walking videos) as the stimuli. Dr Marmolejo Ramos says there is a strong connection between action and perception. “The__‘fake__(假装)__it__until__you__make__it’__method__could__be__more__useful__than__we__expect，” he says.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南澳大利亚大学的研究证明，微笑使人的思想更积极。
5．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To tell us the benefits of a smile.
B．To show us some famous singers.
C．To introduce the topic of the text.
D．To inform us of a finding of a study.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段(许多著名的歌手一直在歌唱微笑的力量——它如何让你振作起来，改变你的想法，通常让你感觉更好。但这一切都是障眼法，还是有科学依据呢？)和第二段中的“Research from ... your facial muscles.(南澳大利亚大学的研究证明，微笑，只需移动面部肌肉就能使你的思想更积极。)”可推知，第一段的作用是引出文章的主题。故选C。
6．What were the volunteers asked to do in the study
A．Laugh aloud from the heart.
B．Just perform the act of smiling.
C．Respond to different feelings.
D．Think of happy things in the past.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the study ... the movement of a smile.”可知，志愿者被要求在研究中只做微笑的动作。故选B。
7．What does Dr Marmolejo Ramos mean by saying the underlined sentence in the last paragraph
A．We should practice smiling a lot.
B．Practicing smiling is quite normal.
C．Pretending to smile actually works.
D．Forced smiles work better than real ones.
答案：C
解析：句意理解题。根据最后一段中的“Dr Marmolejo Ramos says ... and perception.(Marmolejo Ramos博士说，行动和感知之间有很强的联系。)”可推知，画线句子意为“‘假装微笑直到你真的笑出来’的方法可能比我们预期的更有用”。由此可知，Marmolejo Ramos博士的意思是假装微笑事实上是有效的。故选C。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．How to feel positive
B．How to force a smile
C．Forced smiles can hide unhappy feelings
D．Forced smiles can produce positive feelings
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中的“The research found that ... more positive feelings.(研究发现，面部肌肉活动不仅改变了对面部表情的识别，也改变了对身体表情的识别，两者都能产生更积极的感觉。)”可知，文章主要讲述勉强的微笑可以产生积极的感觉。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
Four ways to find humour in everyday life
If you think your life is too boring to be funny, joke's on you: humour is all around us.
__1__. It sparks energy, improves mood and increases overall health. Adding humour to life also leads to social benefits. When you experience humour with somebody, you bond with them. When people are bonded, they feel more relaxed and comfortable. Doctor Sultanoff offered the following tips.
Figure out what makes you laugh
Think about what kind of humour appeals to you, then seek it out as often as possible. Go to comedy shows and spend more time with people who make you laugh. __2__. Store some funny videos on Instagram or TikTok, and then return to them when you need to relax.
__3__
We're often not aware of what's in front of us until we start looking for it, so set a daily intention to look for humour. “When you wake up in the morning, say, ‘I'm going to find one thing today that I can giggle at，’” suggests Sultanoff. You'll find the funny in unexpected places and laugh a lot more.
Master one joke
Many of us innately (天生) love to make others laugh, and doing so doesn't require great comedic skill. “I tell people to learn one simple, good joke，” Sultanoff says. “It doesn't have to be long.” __4__．
Train yourself to be quick witted
Sultanoff always combines humour with his medical practice. On a rainy day a man came to his clinic with a baby, and as he was leaving, Sultanoff said, “Be sure to cover up the baby.” __5__. What would you say if you were the man Well, after a moment's embarrassment, the man said, “Don't worry about my son. He hasn't had a shower yet today.” Brainstorm quips (俏皮话), and you'll “train yourself to at some point be able to do them in the moment they occur”．
A．Social media can also be useful
B．That made the man a little awkward
C．Discover at least one funny thing a day
D．Try to smile as frequently as you can every day
E．Practice it, then use it in situations that need some laughter
F．Adding humour to your daily life brings a variety of benefits
G．Laughing helps you improve your health and interact easily with others
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个在日常生活中发现幽默的方法。
1．答案：F
解析：根据下文“It sparks energy, improves mood and increases overall health.”可知，幽默可以提升情绪，促进健康。F项(在日常生活中增加幽默感会带来多种好处)引出下文。故选F。
2．答案：A
解析：根据上文“Go to comedy shows and spend more time with people who make you laugh.(去看喜剧节目，花更多的时间和那些让你开怀大笑的人在一起。)”和下文“Store some funny videos ... need to relax.(在Instagram或TikTok上存储一些有趣的视频，然后在需要放松时观看。)”可知，A项(社交媒体也很有用)承上启下。故选A。
3．答案：C
解析：设空处为本段小标题。根据下文内容可知，本段建议每天都寻找能让你笑的事。C项(每天至少发现一件有趣的事情)概括本段主旨，适合作为本段小标题。故选C。
4．答案：E
解析：根据上文“‘I tell people to learn one simple, good joke，’ Sultanoff says. ‘It doesn't have to be long.’(‘我告诉人们要学会一个简单、好的笑话，’苏尔塔诺夫说。‘这个笑话不需要很长。’)”可知，E项(练习它，然后在需要笑声的情况下使用它)承接上文。故选E。
5．答案：B
解析：根据下文“Well, after a moment's embarrassment ... shower yet today.”可知，B项(这让他有点尴尬)引出下文，其中的awkward呼应下文的embarrassment。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Youth is a kind of wealth. It will gradually disappear __1__ time going by. What can we do __2__ (fulfill) our youth In my opinion, for one thing, it is to realize our value and our idea __3__ matters a lot.
No matter what our ideas are, we must try hard to achieve them. When we are young, we are full of energy. We have __4__ best conditions in our lives, good memories, good understanding and so on. We should make full __5__ (useful) of these conditions to study more.
For another, we should do as many things as __6__ (possibly) we want to do. Of course, they must enrich our lives, __7__ can make it possible for us to gather many different experiences that are worth __8__ (remember) when we are old.
Then when we are really old, when we cannot move any more, we can be proud of our __9__ (achievement) that we have ever experienced in happiness and __10__ (us) can say we have no regret in our lives.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了青春是我们的财富，因此我们要意识到自己的价值。
1．答案：with
解析：考查介词。with time going by意为“随着时间的流逝”，为固定表达。故填with。
2．答案：to fulfill
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to fulfill。
3．答案：that
解析：考查强调句型。句意：在我看来，首先实现自己的价值和理念是非常重要的。此处为it is ... that ... 强调句型，对主语进行强调。故填that。
4．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。根据best可知，此处为形容词最高级。故填the。
5．答案：use
解析：考查词性转换。make full use of意为“充分利用”，为固定短语。故填use。
6．答案：possible
解析：考查词性转换。as ... as possible意为“尽可能……”。故填possible。
7．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语。故填which。
8．答案：remembering
解析：考查非谓语动词。be worth doing意为“值得做某事”，为固定用法。故填remembering。
9．答案：achievements
解析：考查名词。句意：我们能为我们所取得的成就感到骄傲，我们没有任何遗憾。achievement为可数名词，且前面无冠词，应用复数。故填achievements。
10．答案：we
解析：考查代词。设空处作主语，应用人称代词主格。故填we。
17(共61张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 1 Laugh out loud!
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
4
课前自主预习
Grammar(非限制性定语从句)
①Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification.
②She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course.
③You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning.
④Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.
⑤He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.
(1)以上引导词引导的从句皆为_______________从句，从句与主句之间用________隔开。
(2)非限制性定语从句可以置于主句________(如例句①④)，前后有________隔开，也可以置于主句________(如例句②③⑤)。
(3)非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一________(如例句①②③④)，也可指代整个________的内容(如例句⑤)。
非限制性定语
逗号
之中
逗号
之后
名词
主句
精讲课时语法
一、非限制性定语从句的特点
1．非限制性定语从句的结构：与先行词之间用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，如去掉从句，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
①The children, who wanted to have a journey, were disappointed when the journey was cancelled.
那些想旅行的孩子，都因旅行的取消而感到失望。
②Paris, which is the capital of France, is a beautiful city.
巴黎是法国的首都，它是一个美丽的城市。
2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。
①We'll graduate in July, when we will be free. (先行词为名词)
我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。
②He often comes to school late, which makes his teacher angry.(先行词为主句的内容)
他上学经常迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。
名师点津
非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没有领会我的意思，这使我很心烦。
单句表达
①很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想，他们中的大多数受到了良好的教育。
Many young people, ______________________________， headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
②传统的当地图书馆通常在上午9点开放，晚上10点关门，这对上班族来说很不方便。
The traditional local libraries typically open at 9：00 am and close at 10：00 pm, _____________________________________．
③我们将会把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周，那个时候天气可能会更好一些。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____________________________．
most of whom were well-educated
which is inconvenient for working people
when the weather may be better
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．关系代词
which既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语，而whom在从句中作宾语；whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。
①He wasn't unconscious, which could be judged from his eyes.
他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。
②Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去医院了。
2．关系副词
when指代时间，在从句中充当时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点，在从句中充当地点状语，可与“介词＋which”互换。
①We will put off the outing until next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy.
我们把郊游推迟到下个星期天，那时我们就不会那么忙了。
②Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
昨天，他们去公园里野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。
名师点津
不用why引导非限制定语从句，用for which代替why。
The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting, wasn't given.
他为何缺席会议，没有给出任何理由。
用恰当的关系词填空
①I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.
②Walt joined the Red Cross and was sent to France, ______________ he spent a year driving an ambulance.
③Such is our mother, ________ is kind to us but strict with us in everything.
whose
where/in which
who
三、as 与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前，之中或之后 引导的从句不能置于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
①As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
②The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success.
正如所期盼的，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。
③Catherine will attend a party, which she is busy preparing for now.
凯瑟琳将参加一个聚会，现在她正在忙着为此做准备。
选词填空(as/which)
①Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.
②The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
③________ we all know, he is a gifted pianist.
which
which
As
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整
结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能 修饰先行词 解释说明先行词
引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外
①When you reached the village, you would first find a house whose windows were made of wood.
当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一座有着木窗的房子。
②They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, where they also did some climbing.
他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景，在那里他们还做了些爬山运动。
巧学助记
定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号；
定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；
定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。
单句表达
①我建议他们乘坐20路公交车，它能直接把他们带到那里。
I advised them to take Bus No. 20, ______________________________．
②没有发表观点的网民占百分之十。
The netizens ____________________________ account for ten percent.
which could take them there directly
who didn't voice their opinions
Vocabulary
1 impress v. 使钦佩，使留下深刻印象(教材P7)
归纳拓展
①Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望给世人留下了深刻的印象。
②A thousand words will not leave so deep an impression as one deed.
千言万语不如一个行动。
③Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites.
乔纳森说，完全没有必要通过制作一个巨大的、令人印象深刻的风筝来享受做风筝和放风筝的乐趣。
(1)单句语法填空
①My first ____________ (impress) on him was favourable.
②She impressed her words ________ my memory.
③He impressed her ________ his sincerity.
(2)一句多译
父亲让我铭记努力工作的重要性。
Father ________________________________________ me.
＝Father ______________________ the value of hard work.
impression
on
with
impressed the value of hard work on/upon
impressed on/upon me
2 deserve v. 应得，应受到(教材P7)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①You are a good human being and you deserve treating/to be treated as such.
你是一个好人，你应该受到这样的对待。
②With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves attention.
由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前的形势值得注意。
名师点津
“deserve doing”结构是主动形式表示被动含义，它相当于deserve to be done。与deserve用法类似的词还有：need, want, require, demand (需要)。
(1)单句语法填空
①The report deserves careful _____________ (consider)．
②He deserves __________________ (lock) up for ever for what he did.
(2)一句多译
我认为任何好的建议都值得考虑。
I think any good suggestion _____________________．
＝I think any good suggestion ___________________．
＝I think any good suggestion __________________________．
consideration
locking/to be locked
deserves consideration
deserves considering
deserves to be considered
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．You ________ (应得) a rest after all that hard work.
2．The agreement is ________ (极其重要的) to spurring economic growth around the world.
3．The Great Wall never fails to i________．
4．He got up, hands held high above his head in a victory clasp, g________．
5．I would do anything to see you c________ a smile.
deserve
essential
mpress
rinning
rack
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, as is done by many businessmen __________ live in downtown Tianjin.
2．Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
3．She has been absent again, ________ is expected.
4．The famous footballer, in ________ honour a party will be held, is to arrive this afternoon.
5．________ is reported in the newspaper, a serious accident has happened recently.
who/that
which
as
whose
As
6．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building, most of ________ hadn't been cleaned for at least one month.
7．I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life.
8．Her father works in a factory, ________ he makes cars.
9．The old lady has two daughters, one of ________ is working abroad.
10．This is one of the reasons ________ you have to give it up.
which
when
which
where
whom
why
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．他们住在一个高楼里，在楼的前面矗立着一棵大树。
They lived in a tall building, ________________________________．
2．他递给我一支钢笔，我就用那支钢笔给他写下了我的地址。
He handed me a pen, ________________________________________．
3．让我们为我们的约会定个日期，届时我们将谈论这件事。
Let's fix the date for our appointment, ________________________________．
4．结果他很成功，这超出了我们的期望。
He turned out to be very successful, ________________________________．
in front of which stood a big tree
with which I wrote down my address for him
when we will discuss the matter
which was beyond our expectation
5．这个村庄不再是它过去的样子。
The village is not the same one ____________________.
6．这三个儿子都已取得巨大成功，他们当中没有一个是医生。
The three sons, ________________________， have all achieved great success.
7．我们住在山里，那里的生活很艰难。
We live in the mountains, ________________________.
8．玛丽明天会来看我，她是我最好的朋友。
Mary, ________________________， will come to see me tomorrow.
as it used to be
none of whom is a doctor
where life is hard
who is my best friend
9．昨天她买了些布，她打算用这些布做一条裙子。
She bought some cloth yesterday, ______________________________________.
10．那名游客站在楼顶上，在那里他能够欣赏到美丽的风景。
The tourist was standing on the top of the building, ______________________ ________________.
with which she was going to make a dress
where he could enjoy the
beautiful view
课后课时作业
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ 阅读
A
When Pat Jones finished college, she decided to travel around the world and see as many foreign places as she could while she was young. Pat wanted to visit Latin America first, so she got a job as an English teacher in a school in Bolivia. Pat spoke a little Spanish, so she was able to communicate with her students even when they didn't know much English.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★ ★★
Once, a sentence she had read somewhere struck her mind: if you dream in a foreign language, you have really mastered it. Pat repeated this sentence to her students and hoped that some day she would dream in Spanish and they would dream in English.
One day, one of her worst students came up and explained in Spanish that he had not done his homework. He had gone to bed early and had slept badly.
“What does this have to do with your homework？” Pat asked.
“I dreamed all night, Miss Jones. And my dream was in English.”
“In English？” Pat was very surprised, since he was such a bad student. She was even secretly jealous. Her dream was still not in Spanish. But she encouraged her young student, “Well, tell me about your dream.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一则在英语语言环境中做梦的幽默故事。
“All the people in my dream spoke English. All the newspapers and magazines and all the TV programmes were in English.”
“But that's wonderful，” said Pat. “What did all the people say to you？”
“I am sorry, Miss Jones. That's why I slept so badly. I didn't understand a word they said. It was a nightmare.”
1．Pat believed that ________．
A．people could learn foreign languages in their dreams
B．she already dreamed in Spanish so she has mastered Spanish
C．one of her worst students had already mastered English
D．dreaming in a foreign language meant a good command of it
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once, a sentence she had read somewhere struck her mind: if you dream in a foreign language, you have really mastered it.”可知，Pat (帕特)认为用一种语言做梦就说明你已掌握它。故选D。
2．Pat's student didn't finish his homework because ________．
A．the homework was too difficult
B．the student dreamed in English
C．the student didn't sleep well
D．the student didn't know much English
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Pat的学生因为没睡好，才导致没能完成作业。故选C。
3．The writer wrote this story ________．
A．to show us how to learn a foreign language
B．to show us how to teach a foreign language
C．to amuse us with an interesting story
D．to encourage us to travel to foreign countries
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了一个英语老师与一个用英语做梦的学生之间的有趣故事，由此可推知，作者写这则故事是为了引人发笑。故选C。
4．From the passage we can infer that ________．
A．in Bolivia, people speak Spanish
B．Pat's student who dreamed in English was actually good at English
C．Pat has already learned much Spanish
D．in Latin America, the newspapers and magazines are in English
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“she got a job ... little Spanish, so she was able to communicate with her students even when they didn't know much English”可推知，在玻利维亚，人们用西班牙语交流。故选A。
B
Many famous singers have long sung about the power of a smile—how it picks you up, changes your mind and generally makes you feel better. But is it all smoke and mirrors, or is there a scientific support for this
Research from the University of South Australia proves that the act of smiling can make your mind be more positive, simply by moving your facial muscles. The study, published in Experimental Psychology, looked at the influence of a smile on perception (感知) of facial and body expressions. In the study, a smile was created by volunteers holding a pen between their teeth, forcing their facial muscles to make the movement of a smile. The research found that facial muscular activity changes the recognition of not only facial expressions but also body expressions, with both producing more positive feelings.
Lead researcher Dr Fernando Marmolejo Ramos says the findings are important for spiritual health. “When your muscles say you're happy, you're more likely to see the world around you in a positive way，” he says. “In our research we found that when you forcefully practiced smiling, the part of the brain controlling feelings became active, which encouraged a more positive state. If we can make the brain view stimuli (刺激) as ‘happy’， then we can possibly use this way to help improve spiritual health.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南澳大利亚大学的研究证明，微笑使人的思想更积极。
The study was done in the same way as an old smile experiment by examining how people understood a group of facial expressions using the pen in teeth method; however, it also used special videos (from sad walking videos to happy walking videos) as the stimuli. Dr Marmolejo Ramos says there is a strong connection between action and perception. “The ‘fake (假装) it until you make it’ method could be more useful than we expect，” he says.
5．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To tell us the benefits of a smile.
B．To show us some famous singers.
C．To introduce the topic of the text.
D．To inform us of a finding of a study.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段(许多著名的歌手一直在歌唱微笑的力量——它如何让你振作起来，改变你的想法，通常让你感觉更好。但这一切都是障眼法，还是有科学依据呢？)和第二段中的“Research from ... your facial muscles.(南澳大利亚大学的研究证明，微笑，只需移动面部肌肉就能使你的思想更积极。)”可推知，第一段的作用是引出文章的主题。故选C。
6．What were the volunteers asked to do in the study
A．Laugh aloud from the heart.
B．Just perform the act of smiling.
C．Respond to different feelings.
D．Think of happy things in the past.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the study ... the movement of a smile.”可知，志愿者被要求在研究中只做微笑的动作。故选B。
7．What does Dr Marmolejo Ramos mean by saying the underlined sentence in the last paragraph
A．We should practice smiling a lot.
B．Practicing smiling is quite normal.
C．Pretending to smile actually works.
D．Forced smiles work better than real ones.
解析：句意理解题。根据最后一段中的“Dr Marmolejo Ramos says ... and perception.(Marmolejo Ramos博士说，行动和感知之间有很强的联系。)”可推知，画线句子意为“‘假装微笑直到你真的笑出来’的方法可能比我们预期的更有用”。由此可知，Marmolejo Ramos博士的意思是假装微笑事实上是有效的。故选C。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．How to feel positive
B．How to force a smile
C．Forced smiles can hide unhappy feelings
D．Forced smiles can produce positive feelings
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中的“The research found that ... more positive feelings.(研究发现，面部肌肉活动不仅改变了对面部表情的识别，也改变了对身体表情的识别，两者都能产生更积极的感觉。)”可知，文章主要讲述勉强的微笑可以产生积极的感觉。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
Four ways to find humour in everyday life
If you think your life is too boring to be funny, joke's on you: humour is all around us.
__1__. It sparks energy, improves mood and increases overall health. Adding humour to life also leads to social benefits. When you experience humour with somebody, you bond with them. When people are bonded, they feel more relaxed and comfortable. Doctor Sultanoff offered the following tips.
Figure out what makes you laugh
Think about what kind of humour appeals to you, then seek it out as often as possible. Go to comedy shows and spend more time with people who make you laugh. __2__. Store some funny videos on Instagram or TikTok, and then return to them when you need to relax.
__3__
We're often not aware of what's in front of us until we start looking for it, so set a daily intention to look for humour. “When you wake up in the morning, say, ‘I'm going to find one thing today that I can giggle at，’” suggests Sultanoff. You'll find the funny in unexpected places and laugh a lot more.
Master one joke
Many of us innately (天生) love to make others laugh, and doing so doesn't require great comedic skill. “I tell people to learn one simple, good joke，” Sultanoff says. “It doesn't have to be long.” __4__．
Train yourself to be quick witted
Sultanoff always combines humour with his medical practice. On a rainy day a man came to his clinic with a baby, and as he was leaving, Sultanoff said, “Be sure to cover up the baby.” __5__. What would you say if you were the man Well, after a moment's embarrassment, the man said, “Don't worry about my son. He hasn't had a shower yet today.” Brainstorm quips (俏皮话), and you'll “train yourself to at some point be able to do them in the moment they occur”．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个在日常生活中发现幽默的方法。
A．Social media can also be useful
B．That made the man a little awkward
C．Discover at least one funny thing a day
D．Try to smile as frequently as you can every day
E．Practice it, then use it in situations that need some laughter
F．Adding humour to your daily life brings a variety of benefits
G．Laughing helps you improve your health and interact easily with others
1．答案：F
2．答案：A
解析：根据下文“It sparks energy, improves mood and increases overall health.”可知，幽默可以提升情绪，促进健康。F项(在日常生活中增加幽默感会带来多种好处)引出下文。故选F。
解析：根据上文“Go to comedy shows and spend more time with people who make you laugh.(去看喜剧节目，花更多的时间和那些让你开怀大笑的人在一起。)”和下文“Store some funny videos ... need to relax.(在Instagram或TikTok上存储一些有趣的视频，然后在需要放松时观看。)”可知，A项(社交媒体也很有用)承上启下。故选A。
3．答案：C
4．答案：E
解析：设空处为本段小标题。根据下文内容可知，本段建议每天都寻找能让你笑的事。C项(每天至少发现一件有趣的事情)概括本段主旨，适合作为本段小标题。故选C。
解析：根据上文“‘I tell people to learn one simple, good joke，’ Sultanoff says. ‘It doesn't have to be long.’(‘我告诉人们要学会一个简单、好的笑话，’苏尔塔诺夫说。‘这个笑话不需要很长。’)”可知，E项(练习它，然后在需要笑声的情况下使用它)承接上文。故选E。
解析：根据下文“Well, after a moment's embarrassment ... shower yet today.”可知，B项(这让他有点尴尬)引出下文，其中的awkward呼应下文的embarrassment。故选B。
5．答案：B
Ⅲ 语法填空
Youth is a kind of wealth. It will gradually disappear __1__ time going by. What can we do __2__ (fulfill) our youth In my opinion, for one thing, it is to realize our value and our idea __3__ matters a lot.
No matter what our ideas are, we must try hard to achieve them. When we are young, we are full of energy. We have __4__ best conditions in our lives, good memories, good understanding and so on. We should make full __5__ (useful) of these conditions to study more.
For another, we should do as many things as __6__ (possibly) we want to do. Of course, they must enrich our lives, __7__ can make it possible for us to gather many different experiences that are worth __8__ (remember) when we are old.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了青春是我们的财富，因此我们要意识到自己的价值。
Then when we are really old, when we cannot move any more, we can be proud of our __9__ (achievement) that we have ever experienced in happiness and __10__ (us) can say we have no regret in our lives.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
1．答案：with
2．答案：to fulfill
3．答案：that
解析：考查介词。with time going by意为“随着时间的流逝”，为固定表达。故填with。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to fulfill。
解析：考查强调句型。句意：在我看来，首先实现自己的价值和理念是非常重要的。此处为it is ... that ... 强调句型，对主语进行强调。故填that。
4．答案：the
5．答案：use
6．答案：possible
7．答案：which
解析：考查冠词。根据best可知，此处为形容词最高级。故填the。
解析：考查词性转换。make full use of意为“充分利用”，为固定短语。故填use。
解析：考查词性转换。as ... as possible意为“尽可能……”。故填possible。
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语。故填which。
8．答案：remembering
9．答案：achievements
10．答案：we
解析：考查非谓语动词。be worth doing意为“值得做某事”，为固定用法。故填remembering。
解析：考查名词。句意：我们能为我们所取得的成就感到骄傲，我们没有任何遗憾。achievement为可数名词，且前面无冠词，应用复数。故填achievements。
解析：考查代词。设空处作主语，应用人称代词主格。故填we。
