(共32张PPT)
英语
第二部分 语法专题过关
类别三 句法
专题十一 谓语动词的时态和语态
目录
CONTENTS
2
考点解读
1
图解语法
01
图解语法
图解语法
02
考点解读
考点解读
谓语动词的时态
一、初中常考的七种时态的构成及用法
时
态 用法 谓语形式 标志词 示例
一
般 现
在
时 1.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态 2.表示客观真理、科学事实 3.按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作 4.在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来 am/is/are/
动词 原形/动词
第三人称
单数 usually,never,once a week,every day,on
Sundays等 1.This story is very
interesting.
2.The sun rises in
the east and sets in
the west.
3.The train leaves
at six tomorrow.
4.I’ll go shopping
with my mom if she
is free tomorrow.
一
般 过
去
时 1.表示过去某个时
间发生的动作或存
在的状态 2.表示过去经常或
反复发生的动作 3.在since引导的时
间状语从句中,主
句用现在完成时,
从句用一般过去时 was/were/
动词 过去式 yesterday,
last night,
two days
ago,just
now,in 2010
等 1.I went to see my
grandpa last
weekend.
2.Bert was always
late,which made
his teacher very
angry.
3.Since Lily came to Changsha,she
has learned a lot about Hunan’s
history.
时
态 用法 谓语形式 标志词 示例
一
般 将
来
时 1.表示将要发生的
动作或存在的状态 2.计划、打算在最
近或将来做的事(多
用be going to+动词
原形) 3.在时间、条件和
让步状语从句中,
主句用一般将来
时,从句用一般现
在时(主将从现) 1.will/shall
+动词原
形(shall用
于第一人
称) 2.am/is/are
going to+
动词原形 soon,
tomorrow,
next week,
next year,in
the future,in
+时间段等 1.They will learn
cooking at school
next term.
2.I am going to
visit my grandpa
tomorrow.
3.When the smart
car sees a red
light,it will stop
automatically(自动
地).
时
态 用法 谓语形式 标志词 示例
现
在 进
行
时 1.表示此时此刻正
在进行的动作 2.表示现阶段正在
进行的动作或持续
的状态 3.表示计划或安排
好的将来要做的事
情 am/is/are+
动词现在
分词 now,at the
moment,
look,listen等 1.Mom is cooking
now.
2.They are
studying hard this
term.
3.The train is
leaving in 10
minutes.
时
态 用法 谓语形式 标志词 示例
过
去 进
行
时 1.表示过去某个时
间点或某阶段正在
进行的动作 2.表示在过去某个
时刻,一个动作发
生时,另一个动作
正在进行,常与
when、while、as引
导的时间状语从句
连用 was/were
+动词现
在分词 at this time,
at ten
yesterday等 1.They were
playing football at
this time yesterday.
2.I was singing
when my mother
came in.
时
态 用法 谓语形式 标志词 示例
现
在 完
成
时 1.强调过去发生或
已经完成的动作对
现在造成的影响 2.从过去开始延续
到现在的动作或状
态 have/has+
动词过去
分词 already,
yet,so far,
for+时间
段,since+
过去的时间点
/从句等 1.I have already
finished my
homework.
2.I have been at
this school for two
years.
时
态 用法 谓语形式 标志词 示例
过
去
完 成
时 (
非
课标
要
求
) 1.表示在过去某一
时刻或动作以前已
经发生或完成的动
作,也就是动作发
生在“过去的过
去”,通常有过去
的某一时间做参照 2.表示从过去某一
时刻开始一直延续
到过去另一时刻的
动作或状态 had+动词
过去分词 by the/that
time,by the
end of+过去
的时间点,
when,before
等 1.By the time I
called,they had
made their decision
about the project.
2.When Jack
arrived,he learned
Mary had been
away for an hour.
时
态 用法 谓语形式 标志词 示例
二、谓语动词时态的特殊用法
1. 非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换
在完成时态中,表示持续的动作或状态,谓语动词多为延续性动
词。如果动词是非延续性动词,要将其转化为延续性动词。如:I have
had the book for two days.这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had而不用
bought)
非延续性动词(短
语) 延续性动词(短
语) 非延续性动词
(短语) 延续性动词(短语)
die be dead marry be married
begin/start be on buy have
leave be away from open be open
borrow/lend keep join be in/be a member
of
arrive
in/at/reach/get to be in catch a cold have a cold
come back be back fall/become
asleep/ill be asleep/ill
2. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
两者都表示过去发生的事情:一般过去时只强调事情发生在过去,
不表示与现在的关系;现在完成时强调过去的动作与现在的关系,即对
现在产生的影响或结果。如:
I lost my wallet yesterday.我昨天丢了钱包。(指丢钱包了,现在是否
找到并未说明)
I have lost my wallet.我丢了钱包。(指钱包丢了,到现在还未找到)
三、动词的基本形式
动词有五种基本形式:动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过
去分词和现在分词。
原形→第三人称单数
形式 原形→过去式/过去分词
(规则变化) 原形→现在分词 规则 示例 规则 示例 规则 示例
一
般在词
尾加-s work→works learn→learns 一般在
词尾加
-ed work→worked stay→
① 一般在
词尾直
接加-
ing wait→waiting
sleep→
②
stayed
sleeping
以
s,o,
x,
sh,ch
结尾的
动词,
后加-es wash→washes teach→
③
在以e
结尾的
动词
后,只
加-d close→closed live→lived 以不发
音的e
结尾的
动词,
去e再
加-ing hike→hiking
move→
④
teaches
moving
原形→第三人称单数
形式 原形→过去式/过去分词
(规则变化) 原形→现在分词 规则 示例 规则 示例 规则 示例
以辅音字母加y
结尾的动词,变y为i
再加-es fly→flies study→ studies 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变
y为i再加-ed study→ studied worry→ worried 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个
辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母
再加-ing sit→
sitting
cut→
cutting
run→
⑤
running
原形→第三人称单数
形式 原形→过去式/过去分词
(规则变化) 原形→现在分词 规则 示例 规则 示例 规则 示例
特
殊情况 have→
⑥ 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个
辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母
再加-ed stop→ stopped plan→ planned 少数以ie结尾
的动词,变
ie 为y再加-ing lie→lying
die→
⑦
has
dying
原形→第三人称单数形式 原形→过去式/过去分词(规则变化) 原形→现在分词 规则 示例 规则 示例 规则 示例
1. (2024达州)He (prefer) country music to pop music when
he was young.
2. Look!Our Chinese teacher (give) a talk in the meeting
room.
3. The medical team (complete) the task by the end of
last month.
4. (2025武威改编)—Cindy,my sunglasses are on the floor and they are
broken.What happened?
—Sorry,dear.I don’t know.I (cook) in the kitchen
then.
preferred
is giving
had completed
was cooking
5. (2025福建改编)Since last year,our school (offer) free
breakfasts to students in need.
has offered
6. 在过去的几年里长沙发生了很大的变化。(汉译英)
7. 听!一些老人正在公园里唱歌。(汉译英)
8. I am going to Beijing on vacation with my parents this coming summer
holiday.(英译汉)
Great changes have taken place in Changsha in the past/last few years.
Listen!Some old people are singing in the park.
在即将到来的这个暑假,我将和我的父母去北京度假。
谓语动词的语态
语态用来说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。如果主语是动作的
执行者,则使用主动语态。如果主语是动作的承受者,则使用被动
语态。如:
Many people speak English.(主动语态)
English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)
一、被动语态的构成
类型 主动语态 被动语态 示例
一般现在
时 do/does am/is/are+done The song is often sung by the
boys.
一般过去
时 did was/were+done The school was built in 1974.
一般将来
时 will/shall+
do; am/is/are
going to+do will/shall be+
done; am/is/are going
to be+done A big factory will be built in our
village next year.
现在完成
时 (非课标要
求) have/has+
done have/has been+
done More and more trees have been
planted on the hill.
情态动词 (非课标要
求) 情态动词
+do 情态动词+be
+done Lots of stars can be seen in the
sky at night.
类型 主动语态 被动语态 示例
二、主动语态变被动语态的方法
示例
三、被动语态的注意事项
1. 适用于被动语态的情况
情况 示例
不知道或
无须知道谁
是动作的执
行者 The book was written for children.这本书是为儿童编写
的。
需要突出
或强调动作
的承受者 Basketball was invented by James Naismith.篮球运动是由
詹姆斯·奈史密斯发明的。
2. 主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况
情况 示例
宾语是反
身代词 I found myself in the park.我发现自己在公园。
谓语是表
状态的及物动
词 We will have a meeting.我们将开个会。
3. 主动语态表被动意义的情况
情况 示例
感官动词(look,sound,
taste,smell,feel…) Mooncakes taste very delicious.月饼尝起来
很美味。
不及物动词(短语)(take
place,happen,arrive,
appear,rise…) An accident happened yesterday.昨天发生
了一起事故。
need/require+动词的-
ing形式=need/require to be
done Your clothes need washing/to be washed.你
的衣服需要洗了。
表示主语的特征、状态
的动词,特别是动词后有
well,easily等副词修饰时 The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。
情况 示例
4. 后面接复合宾语的感官动词(短语)feel,see,hear,watch,notice,
listen to等,使役动词let,make,have及动词help在变成被动语态时,应
还原不定式符号to。即:主动语态to省略,被动语态to还原。
如:I saw him cross the street.我看见他过了马路。(主动)
He was seen to cross the street.有人看到他过了马路。(被动)
1. (2025达州改编)—World Animal Day is on October 4th every year.
—Many activities (hold) to improve the relationship between
humans and animals this day.
2. (怀化改编)The cake (eat) quickly by the hungry students
yesterday.
3. Five more clubs (set) up next week to make our school life
rich and colorful.
4. The problem needed (pay) special attention to.
5. This fish soup (smell) quite great.Can you show me how to
make it?
are held
was eaten
will be set
paying/to be paid
smells
6. Linda didn’t know French,but she was made (sing) a
French song two days later.
7. His guitar (buy) as a gift for him last week.
8. You (expect) to be more organized since you aren’t a
little child anymore.
9. It’s reported that China (achieve) the goal of walking
on the moon before 2030.
to sing
was bought
are expected
will achieve
10. 长城始建于两千多年前。(汉译英)
The Great Wall was first built over/more than two thousand years ago.