高考英语二轮专题完形填空——夹叙夹议文学案

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
完形填空——夹叙夹议文
完形填空之夹叙夹议文
考点 目标要求 年份 卷别 体裁 话题 文章词数 考情分析
完形填空夹叙夹议文 考查在具体语境中理解词语表达的得体性和准确性 2021 全国乙卷 夹叙夹议 表达感谢 261 近年来，新高考完形填空对夹叙夹议文没有考查，但不意味着2026年不考，夹叙夹议文仍然是高考完形填空中的非常重要的命题体裁，夹叙夹议文特别容易有感而发，触景生情。夹叙夹议文完形填空仍然重点考查：动词及动词短语、名词、形容词、副词等实词在完形填空语篇中的上下文中的得体使用。2026有可能考查夹叙夹议文，夹叙夹议文中的人生感悟类可能性很大。
2020 全国I卷 夹叙夹议 完善自我 252
考点一 利用主题语境下的价值观解题
知识点1完形填空夹叙夹议文的特点：
夹叙夹议类的文章通常采用叙议结合的写作方法，文章先进行叙述，然后再在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论，说明故事所包含的哲理或总结出作者的观点。记叙和议论在文中交错运用，有的是以议论引出记叙，有的是在记叙的基础上发表议论。阅读此类文章时，考生要重点关注议论的部分，从而总结出文章的主旨。
1.事例→观点：文章首先叙述主人公经历的一件事情或所见所闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己的观点和看法，从而最终揭示一定的生活哲理。
2.观点→事例：先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来进行说明，一般是一个事例，也可能是几个事例从不同角度和侧面进行说明。
3.观点→事例→观点：首先提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例进行说明，最后再进一步阐释或者总结归纳自己的观点态度或看法。
夹叙夹议文既有记叙文的特点又有议论文的某些特征：记叙和议论在文中交错运用，其写作结构一般有下列几种：“先叙后议”“先议后叙”或“叙议交替”。较之记叙文类完形填空，夹叙夹议文类完形填空的解题难度要大得多。因而，夹叙夹议文往往是最容易造成考生失分的一种文体。
夹叙夹议类完形填空题除了具有记叙文类完形填空题的特点外，还有需要特别注意的是：解题时读懂全文的清晰思路，抓文意——理文脉——析文法，沿着“三文”的阅读思路，就能够有效提高完形填空解题的准确率。
“文意”是短文所要表达的主题意义，是作者情感态度的流露，是对具体事件的意义的升华；“文脉”即短文内容发展的线索脉络，是连接短文各个部分的主要线索；“文法”是短文的写作结构和表达手法。总之，结合首句能比较快速而有效地抓住主题，从而理解大体的“文意”；通过串联各段中的小语境梳理短文的“文脉”，结合作者的“文法”，把握故事发展的情节，感受作者的情感态度，领会作者要表达的真实意图。
知识点2 完形填空夹叙夹议文的命题规律：
（一）命题规律
1.先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。
2.作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。
3.提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。
此类完形填空三种结构特点如下表：
1 事例—观点 先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。
2 观点—事例 先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
3 观点—事例—观点 提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
（二）应试策略
1. 抓住作者在第一句话中交代的人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点、事件的发生、发展以及最后得出的结果。
2.不仅要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵，尤其要体味议论部分，因为该部分往往是文章的升华。
3. 要跟着作者的思路读全文，思维要有灵活性，要随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。
利用主题语境下的价值观解题
主题语境下的价值观是指反映三大主题语境的话题语篇所体现的“真善美”的品德与道德观念和价值取向，具体包括真诚、善良、无私、美好、和谐、乐观等积极向上的优秀道德品质。具备正确的价值观符合高考在语篇选材上体现“立德树人”的根本要求。文章常在尾段升华主旨，点明中心，因此，在解答完形填空结尾部分的题目时，考生可以上升到价值观高度来确定正确答案。
利用主题语境下的价值观解题
例1 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 ， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
54．A.ride B．test
C．meet D．show
55．A.secret B．display
C．benefit D．exchange
【答案】54. C 　55. B
【解析】本篇完形填空的话题是“越野赛中帮助竞争对手”。虽然参加比赛的两个陌生人都没有赢得比赛，但人性善良的展示赢得了最终胜利。 本篇完形填空所体现的价值观：在生活中人性的善良以及人与人之间的互帮互助很重要。
例2 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 ， wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.
54．A.relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
55．A.failure B．adventure
C．performance D．conflict
【答案】54. D 　55. B
【解析】本篇完形填空的话题是“野营经历”，所反映的价值观是“乐观”，具体表现为感兴趣、兴奋、喜欢冒险等。由此可知，作者一家人对野营是感兴趣的，并充满了兴奋感，想知道下次野营会经历哪些乐趣和冒险。这正是本篇完形填空所体现的价值观。
例3 (2022·全国乙卷)．.. They simply 58.insist on mutual(相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59.findings suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
60．A.tentative　 B．impressive
C．creative　 D．effective
【答案】D
【解析】本篇完形填空的话题是“孩子们捉迷藏给人们的启示”，所反映的价值观是“相互承认和尊重”，具体表现为不以自我为中心、尊重别人的做法，同样也认可自己的做法等。由此可知，孩子们认为别人的这种方法同样是有效的，这体现了孩子们具有承认和尊重他人的做法的价值观。
【变式训练·变载体】1.（2025福建省名校联盟高三上学期期中）
My husband and I were browsing in a shop filled with handcrafted items, hunting for a few last-minute Christmas gifts. Amid the collection of goods, a simple wooden plaque (匾额)stuck out. It stated, “Life isn’t about waiting for the storm to pass; it’s about learning to dance in the rain.”
Looking at the plaque, I was 4 back to a hot, muggy summer day, when I 5 lived out the plaque’s message. Dark clouds had 6 in, heavy with moisture. By mid-afternoon, a light rain began to fall and it gradually 7 up to a downpour that filled the gutters (排水沟) with rushing water. Feeling a (an) 8 to do something crazy for my fifty-plus years, I slipped off my shoes and stockings and began walking barefoot through the warm, rain-fed gutters. My neighbors probably thought I’d lost my 9 , but in that instant, I felt fully 10 . All worries about bills and the future melted away. I was experiencing a gift — a 11 moment of joy!
4．A．transferred B．driven C．pushed D．transported
5．A．unbelievably B．unavoidably C．unknowingly D．unhappily
6．A．rolled B．jumped C．got D．pulled
7．A．built B．lived C．led D．faced
8．A．power B．urge C．pleasure D．emotion
9．A．nerve B．mind C．temper D．way
10．A．curious B．anxious C．ashamed D．alive
11．A．clumsy B．critical C．sensitive D．pure
【解析】4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着这块匾额，我被带回到了一个炎热闷热的夏日，在不知不觉中，我身体力行了匾额上的信息。A. transferred（使）转移，（使）调动；B. driven驾驶；C. pushed推动；D. transported运输，使产生身临其境的感觉。根据空后的“back to a hot, muggy summer day”以及下文描述作者在雨中光脚走路的场景可知，作者被带回到了那个夏日。be transported back to...意为“被带回到……”。故选D。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. unbelievably难以置信地；B. unavoidably不可避免地；C. unknowingly不知不觉中，无意中；D. unhappily不高兴地。根据下文作者在雨中光脚走路和句中的“Looking at the plaque, I was ____4____back to a hot, muggy summer day”可知，作者在没有见到这块匾额之前就进行了一次雨中光脚走路，所以是无意间践行了匾额上的话。故选C。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乌云滚滚而来，载满水汽。A. rolled翻滚，滚动；B. jumped跳跃；C. got得到；D. pulled拉。根据句中的“heavy with moisture”和下文中的“By mid-afternoon, a light rain began to fall and it gradually ____7____up to a downpour that filled the gutters with rushing water.”可知，黑压压的乌云滚滚而来，下起了雨。roll in意为“滚滚而来，大量涌入”。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午三点左右，开始下起小雨来，逐渐变成倾盆大雨，流动的雨水充满了排水沟。A. built建筑；B. lived生活；C. led带路；D. faced面对。根据前面的“a light rain”和后面的“a downpour”可知，先是下小雨，后来慢慢变大，成了瓢泼大雨。build up意为“增多，加强”。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我五十多年的时间里，我有一种做疯狂事情的冲动，于是我脱下鞋子和袜子，开始赤脚穿过温暖、雨水滋润的排水沟。A. power权力；B. urge强烈的欲望，冲动；C. pleasure高兴，乐事；D. emotion情感。根据空后的“to do something crazy for my fifty-plus years”可知，作者有种想要做点疯狂事情的冲动。故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的邻居们可能以为我疯了，但在那一刻，我感觉自己完全活了过来。A. nerve神经；B. mind头脑；C. temper脾气；D. way方法。根据上文中的“Feeling a(an)____8____to do something crazy for my fifty-plus years, I slipped off my shoes and stockings and began walking barefoot through the warm, rain-fed gutters.”可知，作者在五十多岁的年纪做了一件疯狂的事情——光脚在排水沟里淌水，结合常识可知，邻居们可能以为作者疯了。lose one’s mind意为“发疯”。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. curious好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. alive活着的，充满活力的。根据下文中的“All worries about bills and the future melted away. I was experiencing a gift — a ____11____moment of joy!”可知，作者充满了喜悦，内心不再充斥着各种各样的担心，由此可知，作者在那一刻感觉自己活过来了。故选D。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我正在经历一个礼物——一个纯粹的快乐时刻！A. clumsy笨拙的；B. critical批评的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. pure纯粹的。根据上文中的“All worries about bills and the future melted away. (所有对账单和未来的担忧都消失了。)”可知，作者的内心不再有各种担心，取而代之的是纯粹的欢乐。故选D。
【价值观】“生活不是等待风暴过去，而是学会在雨中跳舞”
考点二 利用主题语域内的话题词解题
利用主题语域内的话题词解题
主题语境下的话题词是指语篇话题内容上最可能使用的常用词汇，是阐述语篇内容的骨干支撑词汇，这些骨干词汇形成一定的语域而服务于语篇主题。考生在解答完形填空时可以根据文章话题调动语域内的话题词来确定答案。这就要求考生具备丰富的词汇量。
利用主题语域内的话题词解题
例1(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did. Her 42.delay came because she was carrying a petitor across the finish line.
41．A.designed　　 B．followed
C．changed D．finished
【答案】D
【解析】本篇完形填空的话题是“越野赛中救助比赛对手”。该话题常用的话题词有：compete, finish, participate, join等。结合句中“Her 42.delay came because she was carrying a petitor across the finish line.”可知，贝利因为帮助竞争对手而耽搁了，所以贝利本应该可以早一点完成比赛的。
例2(2022·全国甲卷)You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41．A.ownership B．membership
C．companionship　　 D．leadership
【答案】C
【解析】本篇完形填空的话题是“爱狗人士的婚恋经历”。该话题常用的话题词有：company, companion, walk, enjoy, lonely等。结合句中loneliness(孤独)一词可知，此处意为“它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独”。
例3(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.
41．A.ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
【答案】C
【解析】本篇完形填空的话题是“我和家人的野营经历与感悟”。该话题常用的话题词有：camp, tent, experience, memory, pack, fire, funny等。结合句中from the early years可知，作者对多年前的野营经历有一些有趣的“回忆”。
【变式训练·变载体】（2025·江苏省南通市海安市高三期中）As I approached adolescence, I underwent further surgery, which left me even less 45 . Visiting the hydrotherapy (水疗法) pool was my final 46 to return to the water. I now needed specialist equipment to get me into the pool. It was a stressful and 47 experience, far from the fun I remembered. I knew I would never 48 again! I cried the whole way home. My tears weren’t just because of the loss-they were a(n) 49 , too. Self-forgiveness! And I made a decision: I was never going back in the water again.
45．A．pessimistic B．speechless C．isolated D．mobile
46．A．time B．effort C．permission D．outcome
47．A．unique B．worthwhile C．unnecessary D．alarming
48．A．walk B．swim C．stand D．breathe
49．A．acceptance B．agreement C．solution D．recovery
【解析】【与疾病、手术治疗相关的词】further surgery，less mobile，hydrotherapy，effort，alarming，never swim
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我接近青春期时，我接受了进一步的手术，这让我的行动更加不便。A. pessimistic悲观的；B. speechless无语的；C. isolated隔绝的；D. mobile行动方便的。根据“I underwent further surgery, which left me even less”及下文“It was a stressful and________experience, far from the fun I remembered.”可知，手术之后作者游泳不再像以前一样，所以这场手术让作者更加行动不便。故选D项。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去水疗池是我回到水里的最后努力。A. time时间；B. effort努力；C. permission允许；D. outcome结果。根据下文“I knew I would never________again!”及“I was never going back in the water again.”可知，去水疗池是作者回到水里的最后一次努力。故选B项。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一次充满压力和恐惧的经历，与我记忆中的乐趣相去甚远。A. unique独一无二的；B. worthwhile值得的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. alarming令人恐慌的。根据“stressful”和“far from the fun I remembered”可知，这次的下水经历是有压力的，令人恐慌的。故选D项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我再也不能游泳了！A. walk走路；B. swim游泳；C. stand站立；D. breathe呼吸。根据下文“I was never going back in the water again.”可知，作者知道自己再也不能游泳了。故选B项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的眼泪不只是因为失去——它们也是一种接受。A. acceptance接受；B. agreement同意；C. solution解决方案；D. recovery恢复。根据“Self-forgiveness!”可知，作者的哭泣不仅仅因为不能再游泳，也是因为要接受自己的现状。故选A项。
考点三 利用前瞻后望找线索解题
利用前瞻后望找线索解题
完形填空（Cloze Test）是语言测试中常见的题型，要求考生通过上下文线索补全缺失的词汇。“前瞻后望”法是一种高效的解题策略，强调通过分析空缺处前后的信息（即上下文）来推断答案。
前瞻（Look Forward）
阅读空缺处之后的句子或段落，寻找与答案直接相关的提示词（如同义词、反义词、解释性语句、逻辑连接词等）。
后望（Look Backward）
回顾空缺处之前的内容，分析已给出的信息（如主语、动词、固定搭配、语法结构等），确保答案与上文一致。
完形填空题主要考查学生对语境的理解能力，所以空处的前后多有暗示(下文暗示上文的居多)。学生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系。
利用前瞻后望找线索解题
例1 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
This was 50 than it sounds.51．Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52．expected．
50．A．harder B．better
C．longer D．cheaper
【答案】A
【解析】根据节选部分最后一句中的it was all a little more high-pressure than可知，这项工作比“我”所意料的有更多的压力。由此可知，空处所在句是说这项工作要比听上去更难。A项意为“更困难的”，故A项正确。
例2（2025·云南省三校联高考备考实用性联考卷（四）节选）When we moved into our home in Maui, Hawaii, 16 years ago, one good thing about this house was the huge avocado (牛油果) tree growing in the 1 .
....... This tree was so huge that it cast a massive shadow over our backyard. It was truly our magical tree.
1．A．garden B．backyard C．house D．woods
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：16年前，当我们搬进夏威夷毛伊岛的家时，这所房子的一个好处是后院长着一棵巨大的牛油果树。A. garden花园；B. backyard后院；C. house房子；D. woods树林。根据下文中的“our backyard”可知，这棵牛油果树长在后院。故选B。
【变式训练】I’m Jane who wants to share a journey of my discovery. I 1 with a Bachelor of Arts and continued my work in 2 through my 20s. My 3 was my life. I spent numerous 14-hour days in practice and performed eight shows a week. All this forced me to 4 trips and classes, and to my despair, I was 5 advised to apply myself to my job.
1．A．sided B．titled C．graduated D．engaged
2．A．painting B．acting C．editing D．sowing
3．A．cause B．passion C．outcome D．motivation
4．A．possess B．acquire C．miss D．schedule
5．A．occasionally B．constantly
C．barely D．Respectively
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我获得了文学学士学位，并在20多岁的时候继续从事演艺工作。A. sided支持；B. titled赋予头衔 ；C. graduated毕业；D. engaged参加。根据下文“a Bachelor of Arts(文学学士)”可知，此处是指“毕业”获得学士学位。故选C项。
2．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. painting绘画；B. acting表演；C. editing编辑；D. sowing播种。根据上文“a Bachelor of Arts(文学学士)”和下文“I spent numerous 14-hour days in practice and performed eight shows a week.(我每天花14个小时练习，每周演出8场。)”可知，此处是指毕业后从事“表演”工作。故选B项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的事业就是我的生命。A. cause事业；B. passion热情；C. outcome结果；D. motivation动力。根据下文“I spent numerous 14-hour days in practice and performed eight shows a week.(我每天花14个小时练习，每周演出8场。)”可知，此处是指作者一直把自己的“事业”看做生命。故选A项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都迫使我错过了旅行和课程，令我绝望的是，我经常被建议专注于我的工作。A. possess拥有；B. acquire获得；C. miss错过；D. schedule安排。根据上文“I spent numerous 14-hour days in practice and performed eight shows a week.(我每天花14个小时练习，每周演出8场。)”可知，作者的每周演出很多，所以此处指迫使我“错过了”课程。故选C项。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. occasionally偶尔；B. constantly经常地；C. barely几乎不；D. respectively分别地。根据上文“to my despair(令我绝望的是)”可知，此处应该是指“经常地”被建议专注于工作。故选B项。
考点四 利用情感态度解题
利用情感态度解题
每篇夹叙夹议文章都会涉及到文章作者的思想情感，都会触景生情，因故事而感慨情感的流露。抓住夹叙夹议文章中作者发表议论的部分，搜寻其情感走势是解题的关键。通常都是积极向上的励志文章，所以作者总是流露出对美好生活的追求和人生哲理的感慨。
夹叙夹议完形填空所表达的内容都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了作者的特定心理、情绪状态和写作意图，因此利用文章内容的褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在理解文意并准确传递文意的基础上推断出答案。
利用情感态度解题
例(2025·沧衡名校联盟高三期中) Two years ago, I was diagnosed with breast cancer. The 1 made me realize how fragile and precious life is—and I decided not to waste a minute of it feeling bad. 2 , I had always felt like I was failing somewhere, but now simply being 3 and with my family felt like a huge success. That was when I decided I was 4 with New Year’s resolutions. I began to learn that January 1st is just a day, nothing special. I could make the day I decided to be a better person a special day, 5 what the calendar says.
1．A．recovery B．shortcoming C．growth D．illness
2．A．Previously B．Regretfully C．Eventually D．Accordingly
3．A．potential B．competent C．alive D．selfish
4．A．satisfied B．done C．concerned D．armed
5．A．other than B．as for C．instead of D．regardless of
【解析】1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场疾病让我意识到，生命是多么脆弱和珍贵——因此我决定不再因伤心而浪费生活中的每一分钟。A. recovery恢复；B. shortcoming缺点；C. growth成长；D. illness疾病。根据空前“Two years ago, I was diagnosed with breast cancer.”可知，两年前，我诊断除了乳腺癌，因此这场疾病让我意识到生命的脆弱和珍贵，故选D。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：之前，我总是觉得我在某些方面很失败，但现在，仅仅是活着且和家人在一起，对我来说，都是巨大的成功。A. Previously之前；B. Regretfully遗憾地；C. Eventually最终；D. Accordingly相应地。根据后文的“but now simply being 　　　　 and with my family felt like a huge success”转折可知，现在对我来说，活着就是成功，但在之前，我总是觉得自己在很多方面失败，故选A。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. potential有潜力的；B. competent有能力的；C. alive活着的；D. selfish自私的。根据前文“The 　　　　 made me realize how fragile and precious life is”可知，这场疾病让我意识到生命的脆弱，因此我现在认为活着就是成功，故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我决定不再制定新年计划了。A. satisfied满意的；B. done完成的；C. concerned关心的；D. armed武装的。根据后文“I began to learn that January 1st is just a day, nothing special.”可知，我认为没有必要在特殊的时间做特殊的事情，所以作者决定不再制定新年计划了，be done with“结束”，故选B。
5．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我可以把我决定做一个更好的人的日子作为一个特殊的日子，不管日历上写的是什么。A. other than除了；B. as for至于；C. instead of而不是；D. regardless of不管。根据前文“I began to learn that January 1st is just a day, nothing special.”可知，我认为1月1日没有什么特别的，所以我决定不管日历上写的是什么，我都把决定做一个更好的人的日子作为一个特殊的日子，故选D。
【变式训练】（2025·云南省三校联高考备考实用性联考卷（四）节选）
But a few days later, I noticed some unusual butterflies flying around the yard. And then, the sun came into the kitchen, creating this pleasant warmth once blocked by the huge tree. After about a month, I started to notice some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches, which eventually turned into full on bright green leaves.
I started to feel like all was going to be fine, kind of like life. Little do we know what seems really 13 is actually life’s way of making us stronger. It’s life’s way of bringing in the butterflies and the 14 . We all know that saying, “It will be OK in the end. If it’s not, it’s not the 15 .”
13．A．difficult B．brilliant C．unique D．hopeful
14．A．rainbow B．sunshine C．wind D．shadow
15．A．life B．trip C．end D．nature
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C　
【解析】13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们几乎不知道看起来很困难的事情实际上是生活让我们变得更强大的方式。A. difficult困难的；B. brilliant聪颖的；C. unique独一无二的；D. hopeful怀有希望的。根据空后的“actually life’s way of making us stronger”并结合作者从牛油果树上观察到的事情可知，看似困难的事情其实会让我们变得更加坚强，这里seems和actually相对应。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是生活带来蝴蝶和阳光的方式。A. rainbow彩虹；B. sunshine阳光；C. wind风；D. shadow阴影。根据上文中的“the sun came into the kitchen”可知，这里指生活给我们带来蝴蝶和阳光。故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不好，那就不是结局。A. life生活；B. trip旅行；C. end结局；D. nature自然。根据前句“It will be OK in the end.(最终会好起来的。)”可知，这里指如果没有好起来，那就不是最后的结局。故选C。
考点五 利用逻辑关系解题
利用逻辑关系解题
完形填空的句子内部、句与句之间以及段落之间往往都存在一定的逻辑关系，有些题目就是考查这些逻辑关系，因此可以借助并列连词和从属连词等表示逻辑关系的标志词，理清上下文逻辑关系，快速解题。
利用逻辑关系解题
例（2020·新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空节选）Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy.
41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case
42. A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize
43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually
【答案】CAB
【解析】41.根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。
42.根据下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，那肯定是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。
43.If we ___42___ it is a door, they’ll want to go outside___43___.“如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。”故选B。
【变式训练】(2025·湖南省名校大联考高三质量检测)
During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion. In a general __1__ of self introductions, I introduced myself in a(n) __2__ Dutch way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor supplemented my self introduction to __3__ American standards, saying I was one of the world's experts on the __4__. In response, I looked down in __5__， and thought that “expert” was a big word.
1．A.analysis B．state
C．letter D．round
2．A.understated B．interesting
C．dramatic D．proud
3．A.set B．fit
C．evaluate D．recommend
4．A.approach B．situation
C．topic D．course
5．A.curiosity B．pity
C．disappointment D．embarrassment
【解析】1.答案：D　analysis 分析；state 状态；letter 字母；round (比赛等的)场。根据下文“I introduced myself”可知，作者做了一场自我介绍。故选D。
2.答案：A　understated 轻描淡写的，低调的；interesting 有趣的；dramatic 戏剧性的；proud 自豪的。根据下文“‘expert’ was a big word”可知，作者在这里低调地介绍自己。故选A。
3.答案：B　set 设置；fit 适合；evaluate 评估；recommend 推荐。根据下文“American standards”以及语境可知，这位教授以“适合”美国的方式重新介绍了作者。故选B。
4.答案：C　approach 方法；situation 情况；topic 主题，话题；course 课程。根据上文“interested in culture and emotion”可知，这位教授认为作者在culture and emotion这个话题上是专家。故选C。
5.答案：D　curiosity 好奇；pity 可怜；disappointment 失望；embarrassment 尴尬。根据下文“thought that ‘expert’ was a big word”可知，此处与下文构成因果逻辑关系，表示作者认为自己被抬高了，所以感觉尴尬。故选D。
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ___41___ with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the ___43___ of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m ___44___ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon ___45___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___46___ among tons of rubbish. I find a ___47___ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ___48___ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ___49___.
The best of a Kilimanjaro ___50___, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ___51___ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ___52___ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ___53___ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ___54___ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ___55___ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ___56___ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ___57___: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ___58___ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ___59___ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro ___60___ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B
51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。
41.D 考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。
42.C 考查名词辨析。A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。
43. C考查名词辨析。A.position位置；B.age年龄；C. face外貌；D. name名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。
44. B考查形容词辨析。A. silent 沉默的；B. skepetical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故be skepetical about“对……怀疑”符合句意。故B选项切题。
45. A考查动词辨析。A. discover发现；B. argue争论；C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由“much has changed ”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。
46. C考查名词辨析。A.equipment装备 ；B. grass 草C. camps 营地；D. stone石头。句意：我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps ”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。
47. D考查形容词辨析。A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的C. tall高的; D. clean干净的。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知，营地里和路边都有厕所。所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。
48. C考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. special特殊的；C. significant相当大的；D. necessary必要的。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失。这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。
49.A考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off还清，报偿；B.spreading out伸展；C. blowing up爆炸；D. fading away；逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。
50.B考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere氛围；B. experience经历；C. experiment实验；D.sight视力。句意：在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。
51.D考查动词辨析。A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded认为。句意：山被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space ”,可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as“被视为......”符合句意。故D选项切题。
52. A考查名词辨析。A. view景色 ；B.quality质量 ；C. reason原因；D. purpose目的 句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。
53.B 考查名词辨析。A. scientists科学家；B. climbers 登山者；C. locals当地人； D. officials官员。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色尤为明显。故A选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。
54.D 考查动词短语辨析。A.holding on to抓住；B. going back to回到（原来的话题）；C. living up to履行；D. giving way to向......让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。 giving way to“向......让步”符合句意。故D选项切题。
55.A 考查动词辨析。A. changes改变；B. clears放晴；C. improves提高； D.permits允许。句意：再往上走，天气变了--低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds ”可知，生态系统不同，天气也是不同的，是变化的。故A选项切题。
56. C考查动词辨析。A. match匹配；B. imagine想象；C. count数；D.add增加。句意：我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。
57.B 考查名词辨析。A. village村庄； B. desert 沙漠，荒地;C. road马路；D.lake湖 。句意：海拔4000米以上是高山寒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave,stones and rocks”可知，拔4000米以上是高山寒漠。故B选项切题。
58. D考查副词辨析。A.Obviously明显地;B.Easily容易地;C.Consequently结果；D.Finally最后地。句意：海拔4000米以上是高地沙漠:砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D选项切题。
59. A考查形容词辨析。A. permanent.永久的；B.little小的；C.fresh新鲜的；D.artifical人造的。句意：很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic -like zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。
60.B考查动词辨析。A. enjoy享受；B.deserve值得；C. save挽救;D. acquire获得。句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？。这里作者在疑问乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故B选项切题。
2.【2019年浙江卷6月】There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the ___36___ the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one ___37___ Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving ___38___ on discarded(丢弃)food. The three-month, 1 900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s ___39___ of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.
As you can ___40___, the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants ___41___ tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of ___42___ garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places ___43___ him food that would otherwise be discarded.
For legal ___44___, most restaurants have a policy against ___45___ food waste. "Some people have even ___46___ their jobs by giving me food," Dubanchet said.
What's ___47___ interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the ___48___ while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to ___49___ at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the ___51___ exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
"I have to get food ___52___ because after all the biking I am tired and I need the ___53___,"
Dubanchet explained. "Is my ___54___ full or empty That is the most important thing, not what I am eating."
He aims to ___55___ his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he’ll turn a few more heads in the process.
36. A. cleverer B. older C. stranger D. simpler
37. A. garbage-eating B. sports-loving C. food-wasting D. law-breaking
38. A. secretly B. finally C. entirely D. probably
39. A. purpose B. way C. opinion D. dream
40. A. observe B. imagine C. suggest D. remember
41. A. store B. cook C. shop for D. throw away
42. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned
43. A. bought B. offered C. ordered D. sold
44. A. reasons B. rights C. fees D. aids
45. A. begging for B. giving away C. hiding D. causing
46. A. did B. kept C. accepted D. risked
47. A. hardly B. usually C. particularly D. merely
48. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest
49. A. work B. shout C. ask D. jump
50. A. competition B. conversation C. conflict D. challenge
51. A. adequate B. rewarding C. demanding D. suitable
52. A. again B. alone C. later D. fast
53. A. spirit B. energy C. time D. effort
54. A. stomach B. hand C. pocket D. basket
55. A. arrange B. restart C. report D. finish
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. B 41. D 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. B
46. D 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意，Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。
36. C考查形容词辨析。根据Usually, the 36 the idea is, the more it gets noticed.可知这里意思是通常，这个观点越奇怪，它就会越受到关注。A. cleverer更聪明的；B. older更老的；C. stranger更奇怪；D. simpler更简单的，故选C。
37. A考查形容词辨析。根据Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving 38 on discarded(丢弃) food.可知这里意思是那就是为什么一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意。A. garbage-eating吃垃圾的；B. sports-loving爱好体育的；C. food-wasting浪费食物的； D. law-breaking破坏法律的，故选A。
38. C考查副词辨析。句意：Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。A.secretly 秘密地；B. finally 最后；C. entirely完全地；D. probably很可能，故选C。
39. B考查名词辨析。句意：从巴黎到华沙历时三个月、1900英里的旅程，是Dubanchet引起欧洲和全世界对食物残羹注意的道路。A.purpose目的；B.way道路；C.opinion意见；D. dream梦想，故选B。
40. B考查动词辨析。句意：你可以想象，这次旅行不是小菜一碟。A. observe观察；B. imagine想象；C. suggest建议；D. remember记得，故选B。
41. D考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然餐馆每年扔掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾容器上锁、卫生规定或商业政策，很多食物仍然难以接近。A . store存储；B.cook做饭；C. shop for购买某物；D. throw away扔掉，故选D。
42.A 考查形容词辨析。根据it remains inaccessible可知这里意思是垃圾容器上锁。A.locked上锁的；B . damaged被损坏的；C.connected连接的；D. abandoned被抛弃的，故选A。
43. B考查动词辨析。句意：只有大约十分之一的地方给他提供了食物，否则就会被丢弃。A.bought买；B. offered提供；C . ordered命令；D. sold销售，故选B。
44. A考查名词辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止浪费食物的政策。A.reasons原因；B. rights权利；C.fees费用；D. aids援助，故选A。
45.B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。A. begging for乞求； B. giving away分发；C . hiding隐藏；D. causing造成，故选B。
46. D考查动词辨析。上文说由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。可知这里意思是有些人甚至冒着失业的危险给我食物。A.did做；B. kept保持；C.accepted接受；
D. risked冒…的危险，故选D。
47. C考查副词辨析。句意：特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet事件的态度。A.hardly几乎不；
B. usually 通常；C . particularly特别是；D . merely仅仅，故选C。
48. A考查形容词辨析。根据while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.可知这里意思是柏林是最容易的。A.easiest最容易的；B . nearest最近的；C . biggest最大的；D. richest最富有的，故选A。
49. C考查动词辨析。句意：在那里，他必须在大约50家不同的商店或餐馆询问，才能找到食物。A.work工作；B. shout 呼喊；C.ask询问；D. jump跳跃，故选C。
50. D考查名词辨析。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。A. competition竞赛；B. conversation会话；C. conflict冲突；D. challenge挑战，故选D。
51. C考查形容词辨析。句意：当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时，挑战就更加严峻了。A. adequate充足的；B. rewarding有益的；C. demanding要求高的；D. suitable适当的，故选C。
52.D 考查副词辨析。句意：我必须快点吃东西，因为骑了那么多自行车，我累了，我需要能量。A.again再一次；B. alone独自地；C . later后来；D. fast迅速地，故选D。
53. B考查名词辨析。根据because after all the biking I am tired可知我需要能量。A.spirit精神；
B . energy能量；C.time时间；D. effort努力，故选B。
54.A 考查名词辨析。根据That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.可知这里意思是我的胃是满的还是空的。A. stomach胃；B. hand手；C. pocket口袋；D. basket篮子，故选A。
55. D考查动词辨析。根据With any luck, he'll tum a few more heads in the process.可知这里意思是他计划在七月中旬结束他的旅行。A.arrange安排；B . restart重新开始；C. report报告；
D. finish结束，故选D。
3.【2019年江苏卷】Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are ___36___ every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their ___38___. Emma, a female crane, has been in their ___39___ since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was ___40___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected ___41___, though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42___ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She ___43___ to live with male cranes, and even had a ___44___ for killing some of them, which made it ___45___ for her to become a mother.
___46___, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a ___47___ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This ___48___ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be ___49___, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the ___50___, and many other species appear headed toward extinction. ___51___, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
How can we ___52___ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals Chris and Tim offered us the ___53___: human beings took it for granted that their ___54___ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better ___55___.
36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing
37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove
38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration
39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story
40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized
41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice
42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully
43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated
44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation
45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible
46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead
47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system
48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled
49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant
50. A. it B. rise C. agenda D. decline
51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary
52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify
53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward
54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects
55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. C 41. B 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. D
46. C 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. D 51. B 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。在现代，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝。白鹤就是其中之一。但是，有很多人正在竭尽全力保护这些物种免于灭绝。Chris和Tim通过努力，帮助一只名叫Emma的雌鹤繁殖了五只幼鹤。
36.D 根据第一句“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age”和最后一句提到的“…the species from going out of existence”可以推知，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝，即：“消失”。D选项正确。
37.B 前文提到每天都有物种消失，那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种，使它们免于灭绝。故B选项正确。
38.C 上文最后一句提到科学家们竭尽全力保护濒临灭绝的物种，由此推知，该处应指Chris和Tim帮助濒危物种繁殖，增加它们的数量，这样它们才不至于灭绝。故该空应指“繁殖”，C选项正确。
39.A 自从2004年，Emma一直由Chris和Tim照顾。该空和下一句中的“human caretaker”呼应。故选A。
40.C 根据空后的“human caretakers”可知，caretaker当然是照看Emma的。故该句应指：出生在一个国际鹤基地，Emma由人类抚养照看。故选C。
41.B 根据空后的though（尽管）可知，though前后的两个句子之间是转折关系。后面提到，她过得很开心。根据转折关系，那么前文应该表示“但是这导致了出乎意料的结果”。B选项正确。
42A 根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans…even …killing some of them”等内容可知，因为Emma一直由人类照看，所以它没有将自己看作是一只鹤，而是深深的依恋上了人类。故选A。
43.B 根据上文，Emma不把自己当作鹤，所以它“拒绝”和雄鹤生活在一起。B选项正确。
44.D 根据even（甚至）这个递进关系可知，Emma不仅拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，而且因为弄死了几只雄鹤而“臭名昭著”。故D选项正确。
45.D Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活，这当然使得她“不可能”生育小鹤，成为妈妈。D选项正确。
46.C 上文提到Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活，使得她不可能生育小鹤。下文提到两位动物园管理员不想看到这一物种的灭绝。由此推知，上下文之间是转折关系。C选项正确。
47.A 经过努力，Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起。A选项正确。
48.D Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起，这使得Emma诞育了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使……能够做某事”，D选项正确。
49.C 根据后文more efforts must be made可以推知，尽管两个人为自己的成就感到骄傲，但是他们还需要付出更多努力，因为野生鹤的数量在减少。所以他们还不能完全放心（白鹤不会灭绝）。故选C。assured意为“确定的，有把握的，自信的”。
50.D 根据because可知，前后句之间是因果关系，根据more efforts must be made可以推知，野生白鹤数量在减少，所以，还要付出更多的努力（来挽救白鹤灭绝）。故D选项正确。
51.B 前文提到：野生白鹤数量正在减少，很多其他物种似乎也在逐渐灭绝。该句提到，并不是所有的人都意识到野生动物有思想，感情，以及平等生存的权利。很明显，该句是对前文出现野生动物濒临灭绝原因的一种解释。故B选项正确。after all：毕竟（用于解释和说明理由）。
52.B 针对上文提到的很多物种灭绝这种现象，作者提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？B选项正确。
53.C 前文提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？Chris和Tim的做法给我们提供了一个答案。C选项正确。
54.A 根据下文中的“hold all the solutions”可以推断出，人类认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。即：人类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决办法。A选项正确。
55.A 根据转折词but可以推知，人类想当然的认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们可以用“心”更好地“引领”他们去保护这些濒危的动物。故A选项正确。
4.【2019年天津卷】 I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some______16______station.
The____17____moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the_____18_____of that little wallet？The credit cards，the driver's license，the cash，all lost to the bus.
Two hours later，back at my house，I heard a knock on the door. My husband _____19_____it while I was on the phone in the dining room. "Does Jennifer live here？" I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet，with not a penny_____20_____. She left before I could ____21____ make it to the door to offer my thanks.
After sharing the story online，I heard from someone，who ____22____ the lady as Erin Smith. Without ___23___ ，I called to thank her. She said she ____24____ my wallet on a bus seat. She_____25_____that going to a stranger's house was a ____26____ move，but she decided to take the chance. "If I were in that ____27____ I would want someone to try to find me，" she said.
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small ____28____ ，but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin ____29____ my wallet on the bus，she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum（论坛），trying to see ____30____ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never ____31____ words with those moms beyond small tall，but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever，but that's not how the people I_____32_____tend to act.
___33___,I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone ____34____what almost anyone would have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold night，and for that I was extremely ____35____ .
16. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient
17. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping
18. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients
19. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted
20. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned
21. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even
22. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined
23. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation
24. A. moved B. placed C. opened D. spotted
25. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended
26. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal
27. A. site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere
28. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure
29. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of
30. A. if B. where C. how D. when
31. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered
32. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany
33. A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back？ D. Coming along
34. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond
35. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. grateful
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C
26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还钱包。作者深受感动。文章叙述了事情的来龙去脉和作者的感受。
16.C 根据前文的“fear seized me. My wallet was gone.”可以推知，作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，而汽车正在开往某个作者未知的地方，这使得找回钱包的希望渺茫，因此作者心生“恐惧”。故C选项(unknown)切题。
17. D根据上一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知，作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”。之后，作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear表达的意思相近，D选项（heart-stopping）切题：令人心跳停止的，惊心动魄的。
18. B该空指下文中提到的“the credit cards， the driver’s license, the cash”，这些都是钱包里装的东西。故选B(content)：所含之物，所容纳之物。
19.B 两小时后有人敲门，丈夫去应门。B选项（answer）切题：应（门）；接（电话）；应答。
20. A结合下文的陈述可知，那位女士捡到了作者的钱包，她拾金不昧，将钱包完璧归赵。由此可以推知，该处指“钱包里的钱一分也没有丢失”。故A选项（missing）切题：不见的，丢失的。
21. D作者甚至还没有来得及到门口感谢那位女士，她就离开了。该空表示“甚至”，故选D选项（even）：甚至。
22. C在网上分享了这个故事之后，作者收到了某个人的来信，这个人确认了那位女士是Erin Smith。C选项(identify)切题：确认，认出，识别。
23. A找到了那位拾金不昧的女士，作者当然要“马上，毫不耽搁地”打电话去感谢对方。A选项（delay）切题：耽搁，延迟。
24. D作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin是在一个座位上发现了它。该空表示“发现”，故选D选项(spot)：发现，认出。
25. C根据文章最后一段中的“a bitterly cold night”可知，这件事发生在一个寒冷的晚上。同时，Erin又不认识作者。由此推知，该句应指：Erin估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。C选项（calculate）正确：估算，估计，预料。
26. B根据下文中的转折词but可知，该句和she decided to take the chance（她决定冒险）是转折关系。那么该句应指去一个陌生人家是一个冒险的举动。故B选项（risky）正确：冒险的。
27. C该句叙述的是Erin当时的想法：“如果我处在那种情况下（指丢了钱包这种情形），我希望有个人努力地找到我”。该空表示“情况，情形”，故选C选项（situation）：情况，情形。
28. A作者丢了钱包，对于作者来说，这是一个“危机，危难时刻”。故选A选项（crisis）：危机，危难时刻。
29. DErin捡到了作者的钱包，在归还作者之前，钱包在Erin的手里，Erin暂时“拥有，占有”作者的钱包。故D选项正确。take possession of意为“拥有，占有”。
30. AErin把作者的驾照图片发到一个论坛里，想看看是否有人认识作者。该空表示“是否”，故选A选项（if）：是否。
31.B 根据后面的转折词but可知，该句和后面一句（她们想帮忙）转折关系，由此推知，该句指：除了闲聊，作者和那两位妈妈从来没有说过话，即：从未和她们“交换过词语”。B选项（exchange）正确：交换，互换。
32.A 作者曾经读到这样的说法：人们比以往更加四分五裂，即：人们不像以前那样团结，不像以前那样互相帮助了。但是，作者遇到的这些人的行为方式不是那样的。上文中提到的Erin，two moms都是作者遇到的人。故A选项（encounter）正确：偶遇，遇到，邂逅。
33.C
回顾发生的这件事，作者感到很幸运：有人想帮助一个陌生人。C选项（look back）正确：回顾，追忆。
34. D根据倒数第二段中提到的“people are more divided”可以推知，一般人在捡到别人的钱包后，都不会像Erin那样亲自归还失主。因此该句指：Erin的所作所为远远超越了其他人的行为。该空表示“超过，超越”，故选D选项（beyond）：超过，超越。
35. D Erin在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还作者的钱包，作者对此非常感激。D选项（grateful）正确：感激的。
5.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me: “The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.
41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor
45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant
46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest
47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat
48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job
49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible
50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe
51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally
53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation
55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised
56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill
57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments
58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control
59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate
60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了我在大二学的免费课程——下棋及它对我生活的指导意义。
41.B考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出； jumped at急于接收；tried out尝试；turned down拒绝。故选B。
42.C考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费；earn赚钱； save节省；pay付钱。故选C。
43.A考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。excited激动的；兴奋的；worried担心的；moved感动的；tired劳累的。故选A。
44.D考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。title头衔；题目； competitor竞赛者；textbook教科书； instructor导师。故选D。
45.D考查动词辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Urged督促 ；demanded要求； held握住； meant意味着。故选D。
46.C考查词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Fastest最快的；easiest最早的；best最好的；rarest最稀少的。故选C。
47.B考查动词词义辨析。我迫不及待地想见到他。Interview面试； meet见面； challenge挑战；beat击败。故选B。
48.D考查名词词义辨析。一位先前的毕业生回校教书，这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。Chance机会；qualification合格；honor荣誉；job工作。故选D。
49.C考查形容词辨析。在他的介绍中，他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。Real真实的；perfect完美的； clear清楚的； possible可能的。故选C。
50.B考查动词词义辨析。为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的职业中。Attend参加；pass通过； skip跳跃； observe遵守。故选B。
51.C考查动词词义辨析。我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply把……运用于……
52.A考查副词词义辨析。最终，把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。eventually 最终；naturally自然地； directly直接地；normally正常地。故选A。
53.C考查名词辨析。我设法在这个课程中获得了个A。game游戏；presentation介绍；陈述；course课程；experiment实验。故选C。
54. B考查名词辨析。我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活课程。Criterion标准；classroom 教室；department部门；系； situation情况。故选B。
55.A考查动词词义辨析。和Ashley学了象棋课程之后10年里，我仍在应用他教我的东西。Taught教；wrote写；questioned 提问；promised承诺。故选A。
56.D考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Fact事实；step步；manner方式；skill技能。故选D。
57. B考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Grades等级；decisions决定；impressions印象；comments评论。故选B。
58. A考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势，审视对手要做什么。Analyze分析；describe描述；rebuild重建；control控制。故选A。
59. D考查动词词义辨析。从你所有的选择中，评估出最好的一步。Announce宣布；signal发信号；block阻塞；evaluate评估。故选D。
60. A考查名词词义辨析。现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。
6.【2018年浙江卷6月】We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too much
I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it ___39____
When I got into college, things __40 . I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this ___41___ there was no sense of ___42____ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became 43 .Once that happened, I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was 45 really late at night to get my work alone.
One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was 48 ,I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50 .He said that if he 51 the job, he would lose his 52 to work and succeed.
So, try 53 your time with other work. This is why there is a 54 that if you want something done, ask a 55 person to do it.
36. A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible
37. A. remember B. admit C. understand D. expect
38. A. watched B. loved. C. coached D. played
39.A. at last B. right away C. of course D. mattered
40.A. happened B. repeated C. changed D. mattered
41.A. extra B .difficult. C. valuable D. limited
42.A. duty B. achievement C .urgency D. direction
43.A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit
44. A. pushing B. taking C. setting D. calling
45. A. hanging out B. staying up C. jogging round D. showing off
46. A. met B. helped C. treated D. hired
47. A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making
48. A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding
49.A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply
50.A. childhood B. college C. town D. business
51.A. quit B. found C. accepted D. kept
52. A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way
53.A. saving B. filling up C. giving up D. trading
54. A. message B. story C. saying D. fact
55. A. careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历告诉我们：拥有太多时间就会拖延做事情，时间紧迫反而能合理安排时间把事情做好。
36.D 考查形容词。A. true真实的；B. fair公平的； C. strange奇怪的；D. possible可能的。句意：我们都听说过时间比金钱更有价值，但是拥有的时间太多可能会把事情做好吗 表示“可能的”，表示作者的疑问，故选D。
37.A 考查动词。A. remember记得；B. admit承认；C. understand理解；D. expect期望。此处表示回忆起高中时自己的生活，表示“回忆起”是remember back，故选A。
38.D 考查动词。A. watched观察；B. loved热爱；C. coached训练；D. played玩。此处指自从我进行团体体育锻炼后多数时间在学校，表示“进行体育锻炼”是play sport，故选D。
39.B 考查固定短语。A.at last最后；B. right away立刻，马上；C. of course当然；D. mattered因为在校时间多，在家做作业的时间就少了，所以在家时必须马上写作业。下文do my school work immediately给了提示，故选B。
40.C 考查动词。A. happened发生；B. repeated重复；C. changed改变；D. mattered要紧。大学生活和高中生活不一样，所以说发生了改变。根据常识选C。
41.A 考查形容词。A. extra额外的；B .difficult.困难的；C. valuable有价值的； D. limited有限的。此处指大学里有许多额外的时间，故选A。
42.C 考查名词。A. duty责任；B. achievement成就；C .urgency紧急；D. direction方向。大学里没有马上做作业的紧迫感，与高中时抓紧时间做作业形成对比，故选C。
43.D 考查名词。A. burden负担；B. relief救济；C. risk冒险；D. habit习惯。由于不急着写作业，所以后来就形成了等的习惯。故选D。
44.A 考查动词。A. pushing推；B. taking拿；C. setting放置；D. calling呼唤。与上文的waiting呼应，指形成等的习惯后，我就不断地把学习往后推，越推越远。根据常识也可知答案，故选A。
45.B 考查动词短语。A. hanging out挂出，常去某处；B. staying up熬夜； C. jogging round慢跑；D. showing off炫耀。根据late at night可知是熬夜，此处指作业等到最后熬夜完成，故选B。
46.A 考查动词。A. met遇见；B. helped帮助；C. treated治疗；D. hired雇用。此处指遇到了以前的同学，根据句意选A。
47.D 考查动词。A. raising举起；B. wasting浪费；C. demanding要求；D. making获得。此处指经营副业挣了许多钱，“挣钱”是make money,故选D。
48.C 考查形容词。A. safe安全的；B. important重要的；C. boring无聊的；D. rewarding有益的。因为他的常规工作是无聊的，所以作者建议他把副业作为全职工作。故选C。
49.D 考查副词。A. luckily幸运地；B. hardly几乎不；C. hopefully有希望地；D. simply简单地。朋友说如果没有这个工作，很简单他就会有太多无聊的时间。根据句意可知选D。
50.B 考查名词。A. childhood童年时期；B. college大学；C. town城镇；D. business商业。他就会像我大学时一样因为有太多的时间而不忙着做事，与上文内容呼应，故选B。
51.A 考查动词。A. quit放弃；B. found发现； C. accepted接受； D. kept保持。如果他放弃工作，就会失去工作和成功的动力。与作者的建议呼应，故选A。
52.C 考查名词。A. heart心脏；B. chance机会；C. drive驱动力；D. way方法。此处指如果他放弃工作，就失去了紧迫感，就会失去工作和成功的动力。表示“动力”，故选C。
53.B 考查动词。A. saving节约；B. filling up装满；C. giving up放弃；D. trading交易。句意：试着用其他工作装满你的时间，使自己忙起来。故选B。
54.C 考查名词。A. message消息；B. story故事；C. saying谚语；D. fact事实。此处指if you want something done, ask a 55 person to do it.这句谚语，故选C。
55.B 考查形容词。A. careful小心的；B. busy忙碌的；C. reliable可靠的； D. kind善良的。此处指如果你想做某事，请忙碌的人去做。忙碌的人会抓紧时间完成，不忙的人只会拖延时间。故选B。
7.【2018年北京卷】
The Homeless Hero
For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.
After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return.
After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to 21 it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it.
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth 35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 24 .
The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 .
Mr. Anderson said: ＂I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 27 he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 28 . It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.＂
Mr. Smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook.
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job 34 and all sorts,＂ Mr. Anderson commented.
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.
16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort
17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once
18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel
19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman
20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached
21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe
22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing
23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked
24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen
25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement
26. A. when B. if C. where D. because
27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just
28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead
29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous
30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew
31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard
32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn
33. A. of B. at C. for D. in
34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications
35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22