2025新外研版八年级英语上册Unit 6 When disaster strikes单词讲解

2025新外研版八年级英语上册Unit 6单词讲解
A部分
1.Lost (形容词) 不复存在的、不再拥有的
【用法讲解】 lost为形容词时可作定语或表语；lost还可为动词lose（丢失）的过去式及过去分词。
Eg: The lost child was crying loudly in the street.
那个迷路的孩子在街上大声哭泣。
We was lost in the forest.
我们在森林里迷路了。
I lost my keys yesterday.
我昨天把钥匙弄丢了。
【常见搭配】 feel lost 感到困惑、感到迷茫
Be lost in thought 陷入沉思
Be lost/ get lost 迷路、迷失
Eg: I felt lost in the new city.
在这座新城市里，我感到迷茫。
She was lost in thought and didn’t hear me.
她陷入沉思，没听到我说话。
We got lost in the mountains.
我们在山里迷路了。
【派生词】 lose为动词，译为“丢失、迷失”；
loser为名词，译为“失败者、输家”。
Eg: She lost her wallet on the bus.
她在公交车上丢了钱包。
He is a loser in the competition.
他在比赛中是个失败者。
【即学即用】
1.The ________ (lose) dog was finally found by its owner.
答案：lost
2.Ground (名词) 地、地面
【用法讲解】 ground为不可数名词时，译为“地面”；ground为可数名词时，译为“根据、庭院、场地”；ground还可为动词，译为“使搁浅、使停飞、基于”；ground还可为形容词，译为“磨碎的”。
Eg: The book fell to the ground.
书掉到了地上。
There are no grounds for such accusations.
这指控毫无根据。
We had a picnic on the school grounds.
我们在学校操场上野餐。
The boat grounded on a sandbar.
船在沙洲上搁浅了。
His theory is grounded in scientific research.
他的理论以科学研究为基础。
The project is grounded on solid market research.
这个项目是基于扎实的市场调研开展的。
Add some ground pepper to the soup.
往汤里加些胡椒粉。
【常见搭配】 on the ground(s) that ... 以...为理由
Have grounds for ... 有...的根据
Ground rules 基本规则
Break new ground 创新、开辟新领域
Stand your ground 坚持立场
Eg: He was dismissed on the grounds that he was often late for work.
他因经常上班迟到被解雇了。
You have no grounds for complaint.
你没有理由抱怨。
Let’s establish some ground rules before we start the meeting.
我们开始会议前先定几条基本规则。
This research breaks new ground in medicine.
这项研究在医学领域开辟了新天地。
Despite the pressure, he stood his ground.
尽管有压力，他仍坚持立场。
【派生词】 groundless为形容词，译为“无根据的”。
Eg: The rumor turned out to be groundless.
谣言最终被证明是毫无根据的。
【即学即用】
1.The children were playing on the __________ (地面).
答案：ground
3.Scared (形容词) 害怕的、恐惧的
【用法讲解】 scared在句中可作表语或定语。
Eg: The child was scared by the loud noise.
孩子被巨大的声响吓到了。
He had a scared look on his face.
他脸上露出害怕的神情。
【常见搭配】 be scared of... 害怕...
Be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事
Scared cat 胆小的人
Eg: Many people are scared of snakes.
很多人害怕蛇。
She is scared to speak in public.
她害怕在公众面前讲话。
Don’t be a scared cat! Try it again.
别像个胆小鬼！再试一次。
【派生词】 scare可为名词，译为“惊吓、恐慌”；scare还可为动词，译为“使害怕、恐吓”；
scary为形容词，译为“令人害怕的”。
Eg: The sudden loud noise caused a scare among the crowd.
突然的巨响在人群中引发了恐慌。
The horror movie scared the children.
恐怖电影吓到了孩子们。
The movie was really scary.
这部电影非常恐惧。
【即学即用】
1.The dog looked __________ (scare) when it heard the thunder.
答案： scared
4.Shut (动词) （使）关（合）上、（使）关闭
【用法讲解】 shut作动词，其过去式为shut，过去分词为shut，还可译为“停业、歇业、停止运转”；shut还可为名词，译为“停业”。
Eg: She shut the book and put it on the table.
她合上书，把它放在了桌子上。
The museum shuts on Mondays.
博物馆周一闭馆。
Don’t forget to shut the computer down before you leave.
离开前别忘了把电脑关掉。
The factory had a short - term shut for maintenance.
这家工厂为了维护进行了短期停业。
【常见搭配】 shut up 住口、闭嘴
Shut down 关闭、停业
Shut out 把...关在外面、挡住
Eg: Shut up! I don’t want to hear your excuses.
闭嘴！我不想听你的借口。
The factory will shut down for the holiday.
工厂将在假期停业。
The thick walls shut out most of the noise.
厚厚的墙壁挡住了大部分噪音。
【易混辨析】 shut与close区别：
shut通常用于比较具体的、物理上的关闭动作，如关门窗、关电器等；
close使用范围更广、不仅可以表示物理上的关闭、还可以用于抽象概念，如关闭交易、结束谈话等。
Eg: Shut the window.
关上窗户。
The meeting closed at 5 pm.
会议下午5点结束。
【即学即用】
1.She s_________ her eyes tightly.
答案：shut
5.Shocking (形容词) 惊人的、骇人的、令人难以置信的
【用法讲解】 shocking作形容词还可译为“极坏的、糟糕的”。
Eg: The news of the accident was shocking.
事故的消息令人震惊。
His performance was shocking.
他的表现糟透了。
【派生词】 shock可为名词，译为“震惊、打击”；shock还可为动词，译为“使震惊、使震动”；
Shocked还可为形容词，译为“感到震惊的”；
shockingly为副词，译为“令人震惊地、极其”。
Eg: The earthquake was a great shock to the city.
地震对这座城市来说是一个巨大的打击。
She was shocked at the sight of the accident.
她看到事故现场时感到震惊。
The price of the painting was shockingly high.
这幅画的价格高得令人震惊。
【即学即用】
1.The _________ (shock) truth was revealed yesterday.
答案：shocking
6.Coach (名词) 公共马车、四轮大马车
【用法讲解】 coach为可数名词，其复数形式为coaches，还可译为“长途客车、火车车厢、教练”；coach还可为动词，译为“训练、指导”。
Eg: They went to Italy on a coach tour.
他们乘长途客车去意大利旅游。
There are many seats in the coach.
这节旅客车厢里有很多座位。
He is our football coach.
他是我们的足球教练。
She coaches students in French.
她指导学生学法语。
【常见搭配】 by coach 乘坐长途汽车
Head coach 主教练
Be coached by sb. 由某人指导
Eg: We traveled to London by coach.
我们乘长途汽车。
The head coach called a timeout with ten seconds remaining.
主教练在还剩十秒时叫了暂停。
I was coached by a former Olympic athlete.
我由一位前奥运选手指导。
【即学即用】
1.我们将乘长途客车去机场。
We are going to the airport _______ _________.
答案：by coach
7.Straight (副词) 笔直地、成直线地
【用法讲解】 straight作副词，还可译为“连续地”；straight还可为形容词，译为“直的、连续的、坦率的、整体的”；straight还可为名词，译为“直线、直道”。
Eg: The bird flew straight into the tree.
那只鸟直直地飞进了树里。
She has been studying straight since morning.
她从早上开始一直连续学习。
Draw a straight line on the paper.
在纸上画一条直线。
They had a straight week of sunny weather.
他们连续一周都是晴天。
I need a straight opinion from you.
我需要你坦率的意见。
The straight between the two cities is the fastest route.
者两座城市之间的直线距离是最快的路线。
【常见搭配】 go straight 直走
Straight away 立刻、马上
Straight up 直率的、诚实地
Keep a straight face 忍住不笑
Straight off 立即
Eg: Go straight and then turn left at the corner.
直走，然后在拐角处左转。
I’ll call him straight away.
我马上给他打电话。
He told me straight up that he didn’t like the idea.
他直率地告诉我他不喜欢这个主意。
It was so funny I couldn’t keep a straight face.
太搞笑了，我忍不住笑了。
I’ll do it straight off.
我马上做。
【派生词】 straighten为动词，译为“使变直、弄直”。
Eg: She straightened her skirt.
她把裙子弄直。
【即学即用】
1.直走两个街区，然后左转。
________ _______ for two blocks, then turn left.
答案：Go straight
8.Sand (名词) 沙漠
【用法讲解】 sand在表示“沙砾”时为不可数名词；sand在表示“不同区域的沙滩或文学作品中营造意境”时为可数名词，其复数形式为sands；sand还可为动词，译为“打磨、撒沙于”。
Eg: Children built castles with damp sand.
孩子们用湿润的沙子堆城堡。
The shifting sands of the Sahara stretch endlessly.
撒哈拉沙漠的流沙区无边无际。
The sands of time symbolize the passage of years.
时光的沙砾象征岁月的流逝。
He sanded the wooden table to make it smooth.
他用砂纸打磨木桌使其光滑。
The road was sanded after the snowstorm.
暴风雪后，路上撒了沙子。
【常见搭配】 sand castle 沙堡
Build on sand 基础不牢固、不可靠
The sands of time 时光流逝
Eg: The children built a big sand castle on the beach.
孩子们在海滩上建了一座大大的沙堡。
Their business plan was built on sand and soon failed.
他们的商业计划根基不牢，很快就失败了。
The poem reflects on the sands of time.
这首诗感慨时光流逝。
【派生词】 sandy为形容词，译为“多沙的、含沙的”。
Eg: I like beaches because they are sandy.
我喜欢沙滩，因为他们是含沙的。
【即学即用】
1.We walked along the golden _______ (沙子) at sunset.
答案：sands
9.Flood (名词) 洪水、水灾
【用法讲解】 flood在泛指洪水时为不可数名词；flood在表示“多次洪水”或“比喻用法”时为可数名词，其复数形式为floods；flood还可为动词，译为“淹没、泛滥、大量涌入”。
Eg: The flood destroyed many houses in the village.
洪水摧毁了村里的许多房屋。
The region has suffered from floods every summer.
该地区每年夏天都遭受洪水侵袭。
A flood of complaints followed the announcement.
公告发布后，投诉如潮水般涌来。
The river flooded the surrounding fields.
河水淹没了周围的田野。
Tourists flooded the city during the holiday.
假期期间，游客大量涌入这个城市。
【常见搭配】 a flood of... 大量的
Flood into/ with... 涌入...
In flood 泛滥中
Flood back 回忆涌现
Eg: She received a flood of congratulatory messages.
她收到了大量的祝贺信息。
Tourists flooded into the city during the festival.
节日期间游客涌入这座城市。
The river is in flood after weeks of rain.
连续几周降雨后，河水泛滥。
Memories flooded back when she visited her childhood home.
她回到童年故居时，回忆涌上心头。
【即学即用】
1.The ________ (洪水) caused great damage to the village.
答案：flood
10.Thick (形容词) 浓密的、混沌的
【用法讲解】 thick为形容词，还可译为“厚的、粗的、浓重的、口音重的、密切的”；thick还可为副词，译为“密集地、大量地”。
Eg: The wall is quite thick.
这面墙相当厚。
The forest is thick with trees.
森林里树木浓密。
The soup is thick and delicious.
这汤很浓，味道很美。
I can’t understand him because of his thick accent.
由于他口音太重，我听不懂他的话。
They are thick as thieves.
他们亲密无间。
Rain fell thick and fast.
雨又大又急地落下来。
【常见搭配】 be thick with... 充满...的；布满...的
Through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻、同甘共苦
Eg: The air was thick with smoke.
空气中充满了烟雾。
They have stayed together through thick and thin.
他们同甘共苦，一直在一起。
【派生词】 thickness为名词，译为“厚度”；
thickly为副词，译为“浓密地”。
Eg: We measured the thickness of the wall.
我们测量了墙的厚度。
The leaves are growing thickly on the tree.
树上叶子长得很浓密。
【即学即用】
1.She handed me a t_________ book full of illustrations.
答案：thick
11.Smoke (名词) （燃烧产生的）烟
【用法讲解】 smoke在表示“烟雾”时为不可数名词；smoke在表示“香烟”时为可数名词，其复数形式为smokes；smoke还可为动词，译为“冒烟、吸烟”。
Eg: The room is filled with thick smoke.
房间里充满浓烟。
Can I borrow a smoke
能借支烟吗？
The bonfire was still smoking hours later.
篝火数小时后仍在冒烟。
No smoking in this area.
此处禁止吸烟。
【常见搭配】 go up in smoke 化为乌有、失败
Eg: His plans went up in smoke after the funding was cut.
资金被消减后，他的计划泡汤了。
【即学即用】
1.The exhaust streamed black __________ (烟).
答案：smoke
12.Shower (名词) 一大批、一阵
【用法讲解】 shower为可数名词，其复数形式为showers，还可译为“淋浴、淋浴间、阵雨”；shower还可为动词，译为“洗淋浴、如雨雪般降落”。
Eg: We got caught in a shower on the way home.
我们在回家的路上遇上了一阵雨。
I take a shower every morning.
我每天早上洗淋浴。
The weather forecast predicts scattered showers tomorrow.
天气预报说明天有零星阵雨。
He showers twice a day.
他一天洗两次淋浴。
Flowers showered down from the balcony.
鲜花从阳台上如阵雨般飘落下来。
【派生词】 showered为形容词，译为“淋浴过的、飘落下的”；
Eg: The showered petals made the scene very beautiful.
飘落的花瓣让这个场景非常美丽。
【即学即用】
1.A light _________ (一阵雨) passed over the town.
答案：shower
13.Historical (形容词) （有关）历史的
【用法讲解】 historical在句中常作定语修饰名词。
Eg: These documents serve as an important historical record.
这些文件是重要的历史记录。
【常见搭配】 historical event 历史事件
Historical figure 历史人物
Eg: The book analyzes key historical events of the 20th century.
这本书分析了20世纪的关键历史事件。
Shakespeare is a famous historical figure in literature.
莎士比亚是文学史上著名的历史人物。
【派生词】 history为名词，译为“历史”；
historic为形容词，译为“具有历史意义的”；
historically为副词，译为“历史上地”。
Eg: History is my favourite subject.
历史是我最喜欢的学科。
The signing of the treaty was a historic moment.
条约的签署是一个具有历史意义的时刻。
Historically, this area was very important.
从历史上看，这个地区非常重要。
【易混辨析】 historical与historic区别：
historical侧重表示与历史有关，强调在历史上出现过或与历史有联系，不强调事件的重要性；
historic指历史上有名的、具有历史意义的或可成为史料的，强调事件的重要性。
Eg: The city has many historical buildings.
这座城市有许多历史建筑。
We visited a historic battlefield.
我们参观了一处具有历史意义的战场。
【即学即用】
1.The museum displays ___________ (history) artifacts.
答案：historical
B部分
1.Expert (名词) 专家
【用法讲解】 expert作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为experts；expert还可为形容词，译为“熟练的、内行的”。
Eg: He is an expert in computer programming.
他是计算机编程方面的专家。
She gave an expert performance on the piano.
她进行了专业的钢琴演奏。
【常见搭配】 expert knowledge 专业知识
Expert skills 专业技能
Be expert at/ in... 在...方面是专家、擅长
Eg: He has expert knowledge in the field of engineering.
他在工程领域有专业知识。
The chef demonstrated his expert skills in preparing the dish.
厨师展示了他在准备这道菜时的专业技能。
She is expert at painting landscapes.
她擅长画风景画。
He is expert in computer programming.
他在计算机百年城方面是专家。
【即学即用】
1.We invited several e ________to participate in the conference.
答案： experts
2.Timeline (名词) 时间表
【用法讲解】 timeline为可数名词，其复数形式为timelines。
Eg: Compare the timelines of these two historical periods.
比较这两个历史时期的时间线。
【常见搭配】 follow a timeline 按照时间线进行
Historical timeline 历史时间线
Eg: We must follow the timeline strictly to finish the work on time.
我们必须严格按时间线进行，以按时完成工作。
The museum displays a historical timeline of the Civil War.
博物馆展示了内战的历史时间线。
【即学即用】
1.We need to create a project _________ (时间表) before starting the work.
答案：timeline
3.Reaction (名词) 反应
【用法讲解】 reaction在表示抽象概念时为不可数名词，在表示具体反应时为可数名词，其复数形式为reactions。
Eg: Reaction to the film was mixed.
对这部电影的反应不一。
People had different reactions to the speech.
人们对演讲有不同的反应。
【常见搭配】 chain reaction 连锁反应
Reaction to ... 对...的反应
Eg: The error triggered a chain reaction of system failures.
这个错误引发了一系列系统故障的连锁反应。
His reaction to the joke was unexpected.
他对这个玩笑的反应出人意料。
【派生词】 react为动词，译为“做出反应”。
Eg: How did you react to his proposal
你对他的提议有什么反应？
【即学即用】
1.Her _________ (react) to the news was shock.
答案：reaction
4.Airline (名词) 航空公司
【用法讲解】 airline为可数名词，其复数形式为airlines；airline还可为形容词，译为“航线的”。
Eg: Delta Airline is a well - known airline.
达美航空公司是一家知名的航空公司。
She is an airline pilot.
她是一名航空公司飞行员。
【常见搭配】 airline industry 航空业
Airline ticket 机票
Eg: The airline industry has been greatly affected by the pandemic.
航空业受到了疫情的极大影响。
I need to book an airline ticket for my trip.
我需要为我的旅行预定一张机票。
【即学即用】
1.Which __________ (航空公司) do you usually fly with
答案：airline
5.Weekday (名词) 工作日
【用法讲解】 weekday为可数名词，其复数形式为weekdays。
Eg: I usually go to work on weekdays.
我通常在工作日去上班。
【常见搭配】 on weekdays 在工作日
During weekdays 在工作日期间
Eg: On weekdays, I usually have dinner at home.
在工作日，我通常在家吃晚饭。
During weekdays, the traffic is very heavy.
在工作日期间，交通非常拥堵。
【派生词】 weekend为名词，译为“周末”；
Eg: I prefer weekends to weekdays because I can relax.
和周末相比，我更喜欢工作日，因为我可以放松。
【即学即用】
1.这家商店在工作日和节假日的营业时间不同。
The store has different opening hours ________ _________ and holidays.
答案：on weekdays
6.Railway (名词) 铁路、铁道
【用法讲解】 railway为可数名词，其复数形式为railways。
Eg: This railway connects two big cities.
这条铁路连接了两座大城市。
【常见搭配】 railway station 火车站
Railway track 铁轨
Eg: The railway station is crowded during holidays.
节假日期间火车站很拥挤。
Workers are repairing the railway tracks after the storm.
工人们正在风暴后修复铁轨。
【即学即用】
1.Many ________ (铁路) in Europe are electrified.
答案：railways
7.Rainstorm (名词) 暴风雨
【用法讲解】 rainstorm为可数名词，其复数形式为rainstorms。
Eg: Rainstorms are common in coastal areas.
暴风雨在沿海地区常见。
【常见搭配】 heavy rainstorm 大暴雨
Eg: A heavy rainstorm flooded the streets within hours.
一场大暴雨几小时内就让街道积水成河。
【即学即用】
1.Typhoons and __________ (rainstorm) are common during the rainy season.
答案：rainstorms
8.Service (名词) （车、船等的）交通服务、班次
【用法讲解】 service为可数名词，其复数形式为services，还可译为“工作、效劳、服务、维护、保养”；service还可为动词，译为“维修、维护、保养”。
Eg: The service in this restaurant is excellent.
这家餐厅的服务很棒。
He retired after 40 years of service to the company.
他在为公司服务40年后退休了。
The car needs a service.
这辆车需要保养。
The mechanic serviced my car yesterday.
机械师昨天给我的车做了保养。
【常见搭配】 public service 公共服务
Be of service to sb. 为某人提供帮助
Do sb. a service 帮某人一个忙
Service station 加油站、维修站
Active service 现役
Eg: Public services like healthcare should be accessible to all.
医疗等公共服务应人人可及。
I’d be happy to be of service if you need any assistance.
如果你需要帮助，我很乐意效劳。
You did me a great service by recommending this book.
你推荐这本书帮了我很大忙。
We stopped at a service station to refuel.
我们在加油站停车加油。
He was called up for active service during the war.
战争期间他被召回现役。
【派生词】 servant为名词，译为“仆人、佣人”。
Eg: The servant cleaned the house every day.
仆人每天打扫房子。
【即学即用】
1.The hotel provides excellent _________ (服务).
答案：service
9.Search (动词) 寻找、搜索、搜寻
【用法讲解】 search还可为名词，译为“搜索、调查”。
Eg: The police searched the suspect’s house.
警察搜查了嫌疑人的房子。
I searched the Internet for information about the disease.
我在网上搜索关于这种疾病的信息。
They conducted a thorough search of the area.
他们对这个地区进行了彻底的搜索。
A search for the truth was underway.
对真相的调查正在进行中。
【常见搭配】 search for... = in search of... 寻找、搜寻
Search through 查遍
Search into 深入调查
Eg: They are searching for a solution to the problem.
他们正在寻找解决问题的办法。
He left home in search of a better life.
他离家去寻找更好的生活。
She searched through her files to find the document.
她查遍了她的文件以找到那份文件。
The journalist searched into the background of the story.
记者深入调查了这个故事的背景。
【派生词】 searcher为名词，译为“探索者、探求者”。
Eg: The searcher spent hours looking for clues.
探索者花了几个小时寻找线索。
【即学即用】
1.她在包里找钥匙。
She ________ ________ her keys in the bag.
答案：searched for
10.Motherland (名词) 祖国
【用法讲解】 motherland为可数名词，其复数形式为motherlands。
Eg: We should always love and defend our motherland.
我们应该始终热爱并保卫我们的祖国。
Many countries have their own unique cultures and traditions in their motherlands.
许多国家在它们的祖国都有着独特文化和传统。
【即学即用】
1.Many overseas Chinese long to return to their _________ (祖国).
答案：motherland
11.Terrible (形容词) 剧烈的、厉害的、非常严重的
【用法讲解】 terrible在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: He had a terrible accident last week and is still in hospital.
他上周遭遇了一场严重的事故，现在还在医院。
The weather today is terrible. It’s raining heavily.
今天的天气太糟糕了。雨下得很大。
【常见搭配】 feel terrible 感觉难受
Do a terrible job 把事情搞砸
Eg: I feel terrible today. Maybe I’m getting sick.
我今天很难受，可能生病了。
The contractor did a terrible job on the renovation.
承包商把装修工程搞砸了。
【派生词】 terribly为副词，译为“非常、极其”；
terror为名词，译为“恐怖、恐惧”。
Eg: I’m terribly sorry for being late.
非常抱歉我迟到了。
The terror on his face showed he was scared.
他脸上的恐惧表明他很害怕。
【即学即用】
1.This movie is t__________. I don’t want to watch it anymore.
答案：terrible
12.Danger (名词) 危险
【用法讲解】 danger为不可数名词。
Eg: There’s danger ahead, be careful!
前方有危险，小心！
【常见搭配】 in danger 处于危险中
In danger of ... 有...的危险
Out of danger 脱离危险
Eg: This kind of animal is in danger.
这种动物处于危险中。
He is in danger of losing his life.
他有生命危险。
The fire is out of danger now.
火势已经得到控制，没有危险了。
【派生词】 dangerous为形容词，译为“危险的”。
Eg: Tiger is a dangerous animal.
老虎是一种危险的动物。
The traffic here is very dangerous for children.
这里的交通对孩子很危险。
【即学即用】
1.The ________ (dangerous) of driving without a seatbelt is high.
答案：danger
13.Tsunami (名词) 海啸
【用法讲解】 tsunami为可数名词，其复数形式为tsunamis或tsunami。
Eg: A powerful earthquake triggered a tsunami.
一场强烈的地震引发了海啸。
The tsunami warning system plays a crucial role in preventing disasters.
地震海啸警报系统在预防灾害方面起着至关重要的作用。
【即学即用】
1.____________ (tsunami) are often triggered by undersea earthquakes.
答案：Tsunamis
C部分
1.Warning (名词) 警告、警示
【用法讲解】 warning为可数名词，其复数形式为warnings，warning还可为warn的现在分词形式。
Eg: The warning on the package said to keep it away from children.
包装上的警告说要把这东西放在儿童接触不到的地方。
【常见搭配】 weather warning 天气警报
Warning sign 警告信号
Warning light 警示灯
Take warning from... 从...中吸取教训
A word of warning 一句忠告
Eg: The weather forecast issued a severe weather warning.
天气预报发布了恶劣天气警报。
He ignored the warning signs and got into trouble.
他忽视了警告信号，结果陷入了麻烦。
The warning light on the dashboard came on.
仪表盘上的警示灯亮了。
We should take warning from past mistakes.
我们应该从过去的错误中吸取教训。
Let me give you a word of warning about online scams.
让我给你一句关于网络诈骗的忠告。
【派生词】 warn为动词，译为“警告”。
【常见搭配】 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不）做某事
Warn sb. about sth. 警告某人某事
Warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事的危险性
Eg: She warned me not to touch the hot stove.
她警告我不要碰热炉子。
He warned us about the slippery roads.
他警告我们道路湿滑。
The sign warns drivers of the sharp curve ahead.
标志警示司机前方有急转弯。
【即学即用】
1.The teacher gave a ___________ (warn) to the noisy students.
( )2. The doctor warned him ____________.
A.to smoke B. smoking C. not to smoke D. not smoking
答案：1. warning 2. C
2.Iron (形容词) 极坚强的；(名词) 铁
【用法讲解】 iron在表示“铁”这种物质或“坚强、坚定”时为不可数名词，在表示“熨斗”时为可数名词，其复数形式为irons；iron还可为动词，译为“熨烫”。
Eg: The bridge is made of iron.
这座桥是用铁建造的。
She used an iron to press her shirt.
她用熨斗熨衬衫。
He has a will of iron.
他有钢铁般的意志。
The gate has an iron frame.
大门有一个铁制框架。
She ironed her dress for the party.
她为了派对熨她的连衣裙。
【常见搭配】 strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁
Iron out 解决（问题）
Iron will 钢铁意志
Eg: You should apply for the job now -- strike while the iron is hot!
你应该现在申请这份工作--趁热打铁。
We need to iron out the details before signing.
我们需要在签约前解决细节问题。
Her iron will helped her overcome the challenges.
她的钢铁意志助她克服了挑战。
【派生词】 irony为名词，译为“讽刺”；
ironic为形容词，译为“讽刺的”。
Eg: There is a touch of irony in his words.
他的话里有点讽刺意味。
It’s ironic that he missed the train after running so fast.
他跑得那么快却错过了火车，这真具有讽刺意味。
【即学即用】
1.He faces difficulties with an i_________ will.
答案：iron
3.Fashion (名词) 时装业
【用法讲解】 fashion指代广义的“时尚”或“流行趋势”时为不可数名词，指代“具体的流行款式或设计”时为可数名词；fashion还可为动词，译为“制作、塑造、发展”。
Eg: Social media greatly influences modern fashion.
社交媒体深刻影响现代时尚。
This season’s fashions focus on bold colors.
本季流行款主打鲜艳色彩。
The sculpture was fashioned from recycled metal.
这件雕塑由回收金属制成。
Over time, they fashioned a strong friendship.
随着时间的推移，他们建立了深厚的友谊。
【常见搭配】 in fashion 流行
Out of fashion 过时
Fashion show 时装秀
Eg: Retro hairstyles are back in fashion.
复古发型再度流行。
High - waisted jeans went out of fashion briefly.
高腰牛仔裤曾短暂过时。
The brand debuted its new collection at the fashion show.
该品牌在时装秀上首秀新系列。
【派生词】 fashionable为形容词，译为“符合潮流的”或“流行的”。
Eg: Fashionable cafes often attract young crowds.
时尚咖啡馆常吸引年轻人群。
【即学即用】
1.极简设计今年很流行。
Minimalist designs are ________ ________ this year.
答案：in fashion
4.Slim (形容词) 苗条的、修长的
【用法讲解】 slim作形容词还可译为“薄薄的、渺茫的”；slim还可为动词，译为“减肥”。
Eg: She has a slim figure.
她身材苗条。
The chances of winning the lottery are very slim.
中彩票的机会非常渺茫。
He carried a slim volume of poems in his pocket.
他口袋里装着一本薄薄的诗集。
She is trying to slim by dieting.
她正在试图通过节食来减肥。
【常见搭配】 slim down 减肥、变苗条、精简
Slim majority 微弱多数
Eg: The company is planning to slim down its workforce.
公司计划精简员工队伍。
The party was returned to power with a slim majority.
该党以微弱多数重新执政。
【派生词】 slimness为名词，译为“苗条、纤细”；
Eg: She admires the slimness of models.
她羡慕模特们的苗条身材。
【即学即用】
1.She maintains a ________ (苗条的) figure by exercising regularly.
答案：slim
5.Bleed (动词) 流血、出血
【用法讲解】 bleed作动词，还可译为“渗出、榨取”，其过去式为bled，其过去分词为bled。
Eg: He bled profusely from the wound.
他伤口大量出血。
The ink bled through the paper.
墨水渗到了纸的背面。
The corrupt official bled the company dry.
那个贪官把公司的钱财榨干了。
【常见搭配】 bleed off 放掉（液体、气体等）、逐渐减弱
Bleed through 渗色、显现出来
Bleed into 逐渐影响
Eg: Bleed off the excess air from the tire.
放掉轮胎里多余的空气。
The enthusiasm for the project began to bleed off.
对这个项目的热情开始逐渐减弱。
His past mistakes are bleeding through in his current behavior.
他过去的错误在他现在的行为中显现出来了。
Her personal life bled into her work.
她的个人生活逐渐影响了工作。
【派生词】 bleeding为形容词，译为“流血的”；
blood为名词，译为“血液”。
Eg: Look at the bleeding cut on her arm.
看她手臂上流血的伤口。
Blood tests are essential for diagnosing diseases.
血液检查对诊断疾病至关重要。
【即学即用】
1.The soldier _________ (blood) heavily on the battlefield.
答案：bled
6.Uncomfortable (形容词) 不舒服的
【用法讲解】 uncomfortable在句中常作表语或定语。
Eg: She felt uncomfortable in her tight dress.
她穿着紧身裙觉得不舒服。
He had to face the uncomfortable truth about his failure.
他不得不面对自己失败的令人不安的真相。
【常见搭配】 be uncomfortable with... 对...感到不适
Eg: Many people are uncomfortable with change.
许多人对改变感到不适。
【派生词】 comfortable为形容词，译为“舒服的”；
Uncomfortably为副词，译为“不舒服地”。
Eg: The bed is very comfortable.
这个床非常舒服。
He sat uncomfortably in the hard chair.
他不舒服地坐在硬椅子上。
【即学即用】
1.He felt very ___________ (not comfortable) when all eyes were on him.
答案：uncomfortable
7.Jeans (名词) 牛仔裤
【用法讲解】 jeans作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但在表示“一条牛仔裤”时，谓语动词用单数。
Eg: These jeans fit me perfectly.
这条牛仔裤我穿很合身。
【常见搭配】 a pair of jeans 一条牛仔裤
Eg: This pair of jeans is too tight.
这条牛仔裤太紧了。
【即学即用】
1.她穿着一条蓝色牛仔裤和一件白色T恤。
She is wearing ______ ______ ______ _______ _______ and a white T - shirt.
2.These jeans ________ (be) in fashion now.
答案：1. a pair of blue jeans. 2. are
8.Encouraging (形容词) 令人鼓舞的、振奋人心的
【用法讲解】 encouraging在句中常作表语或定语。
Eg: We received some encouraging news about the project’s progress.
我们收到了关于项目进展的一些鼓舞人心的消息。
The doctor’s report sounded encouraging.
医生的报告听起来令人鼓舞。
【派生词】 encourage为动词，译为“鼓励、鼓舞”；
encouragement为名词，译为“鼓励、激励”。
Eg: The school encourages students to volunteer in the community.
学校鼓励学生参与社区志愿服务。
He needs some encouragement to keep trying.
他需要一些鼓励来继续尝试。
【常见搭配】 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
Eg: The CEO encouraged employees to share their ideas during the meeting.
首席执行官在会议上鼓励员工分享想法。
【即学即用】
1.The team received _____________ (encourage) feedback from their coach.
答案：encouraging
9.Herself (代词) 她自己
【用法讲解】 herself是一个反身代词，在句中常作宾语、同位语或表语。
【知识拓展】 其它反身代词有myself（我自己）；yourself（你自己）；himself（他自己)；itself（它自己）；ourselves (我们自己)；yourselves（你们自己）；themselves（他们自己）。
Eg: We are so proud of ourselves.
我们对自己感到非常自豪。
You'd better ask Mary herself.
你最好问问玛丽本人。
The man in the photo is myself.
照片上那个人是我。
【常见搭配】 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴、过得愉快
By oneself 独自地、单独地
For oneself 亲自、本人
To oneself 独自享用、独自占有
With oneself 自我控制、自我约束
Eg: We enjoyed ourselves last night.
我们昨天晚上玩得很开心。
He learned to swim by himself.
他自学游泳。
He signed the contract for himself.
他亲自签了合同。
She kept the secret to herself.
她保守秘密，没有告诉别人。
He needs to learn to control his anger with himself.
他需要学会控制自己的愤怒。
【即学即用】
1.She finished the project by _________ (her).
答案：herself
10.University (名词) 大学
【用法讲解】 university为可数名词，其复数形式为universities。
Eg: Peking University is one of the top universities in China.
北京大学是中国顶尖大学之一。
【常见搭配】 go to university 去大学（接受教育）
Go to the university 去大学（不涉及学习行）
At university 在大学求学/就读期间
Eg: She will go to university next year.
她明年要上大学。
I need to go to the university to submit my application.
我需要去那所大学提交申请。
She studied physics at university.
她大学时主修物理。
【易混辨析】 university和college区别：
university通常指一个提供广泛学科领域的高等教育机构，包括本科教育和研究生教育；
college可以指一个独立的高等教育机构，也可指大学中的一个组成部分（即学院），强调特定领域。
Eg: She teaches at the University of Connecticut.
她任教于康涅狄格大学。
They want their kids to go the college.
他们想要自己的孩子去大学。
【即学即用】
1.他希望明年去上大学。
He’s hoping to ______ _______ _________ next year.
答案：go to university
11.Honour (名词) 荣幸、光荣
【用法讲解】 honour常为不可数名词，但在表示“一件引以为荣的事”时为可数名词，还可译为“尊严、头衔”；honour还可为动词，译为“尊敬、给予荣誉、信守”。
Eg: It is a great honour to receive this award.
获得这个奖项是极大的荣誉。
He is a man of honour.
他是个有尊严的人。
He holds the honour of being the champion.
他拥有冠军的头衔。
We should honour our parents.
我们应该尊敬我们的父母。
The university will honour him with a special award.
这所大学将授予他一个特别奖项以表彰他。
He honoured his promise to help the poor.
他信守了帮助穷人的承诺。
【常见搭配】 in honour of... 为纪念...
Sense of honour 荣誉感
Have the honour to do/ of doing 有幸做...
Honour sb. with sth. 授予某人某项荣誉
Be honoured as... 被尊称为...
Eg: We held a party in honour of his retirement.
我们为纪念他退休举办了一个派对。
Knights were known for their sense of honour.
骑士因荣誉感而闻名。
I have the honour to introduce the keynote speaker.
我有幸介绍主旨演讲嘉宾。
The university honoured her with a lifetime achievement award.
大学授予她终身成就奖。
He was honoured as “Employee of the Year”.
他被评为“年度员工”。
【派生词】 honourable为形容词，译为“可敬的、光明正大的”。
Eg: It is an honourable decision to admit the mistake.
承认错误是光明正大的决定。
【即学即用】
1.他们建了一座雕像纪念牺牲的士兵。
They built a statue _______ _______ _______ the fallen soldiers.
答案：in honour of
12.Wound (名词) 伤痛、伤害
【用法讲解】 wound还可为动词，译为“使受伤、伤害、缠绕”。
Eg: The soldier had a deep wound on his leg.
士兵腿上有道很深的伤口。
Her harsh words left an emotional wound.
她刻薄的话语造成了情感创伤。
The glass shards wounded his hand.
玻璃碎片划伤了他的手。
She wound the thread around the spool.
她把线绕在线轴上。
【常见搭配】 heal a wound 愈合伤口
Be wounded by sth. 被某物伤害
Eg: Antibiotics help heal infected wounds.
抗生素有助于愈合感染的伤口。
Several civilians were wounded by the explosion.
多名平民在爆炸中受伤。
【派生词】 wounding为形容词，译为“伤害性的、令人痛苦的”。
Eg: His wounding remarks made everyone uncomfortable.
他伤人的话让每个人都不舒服。
【易混辨析】 wound、injure和hurt区别：
wound通常指由武器或外力造成的身体伤口，也可指情感上的创伤；
injure主要指因意外、事故等使身体受伤；
hurt既可指身体上的疼痛或受伤，也可指感情上受伤，使用范围更广。
Eg: He was wounded by a bullet.
他被子弹击中受伤了。
He was injured in a car accident.
他在车祸中受伤了。
I hurt my finger while cooking.
我做饭时伤到了手指。
【即学即用】
1.The soldier had a deep ________ (伤口) on his leg.
答案：wound
13.Heroine (名词) 女主角、女主人公
【用法讲解】 heroine为可数名词，其复数形式为heroines。
Eg: Joan of Arc is celebrated as a national heroine in France.
圣女贞德被尊为法国的民族女英雄。
The novel’s heroine overcomes great adversity to succeed.
小说的女主角克服重重困难取得成功。
【派生词】 hero为名词，译为“男主人公”，其复数形式为heroes。
Eg: Superman is a classic hero.
超人是经典英雄。
【即学即用】
1.The film’s h_________ is a young scientist fighting climate change.
答案：heroine