上海市虹口区一模2026届高三第一学期期终学习能力诊断测试英语试卷（含答案）
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| 名称 | 上海市虹口区一模2026届高三第一学期期终学习能力诊断测试英语试卷（含答案） |  | |
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虹口区2025学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试
高三英语 试卷
考生注意：
1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，
做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of
the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why Fairy Tales Are Really Powerful Tales
When people think of fairy tales, they usually imagine pretty princesses, brave princes and
happy endings. Yet if we look back to the earliest versions of these stories, we discover that fairy
tales (1) (never mean) to be only sweet or child - friendly. In fact, they were originally serious
and full of challenges. The fear and danger in these tales were not accidental—they carried moral,
social, and even psychological meaning.
In the past, life was full of risks: diseases, hunger, and poverty. Folk stories reflected that world.
In Hansel and Gretel, two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch (女巫), (2)
reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival. In Little Red Riding Hood, the wolf's
attack teaches young listeners not to trust strangers. Behind every tense scene, there (3) (stand)
a warning about real human behavior.
Psychologists later pointed out that such stories help children face their inner worries. Bruno
Bettelheim, a well - known scholar, suggested that fairy tales (4) (allow) the mind to deal safely
with emotions like jealousy, loneliness, and loss. The deep parts of the story, (5) (act) like a
mirror, help readers understand the hidden corners of their own hearts.
Modern versions have softened these tales, replacing danger with beauty and loss with happy
endings. But deep down, the original fear is (6) gave fairy tales their power. Without fear, their
lessons lose depth. (7) (shape) by facing imaginary monsters, readers learn how to face
real - life challenges.
In the end, (8) they reflect the truth of human experience, fairy tales are really powerful
tales. They remind us that (9) reaching "happily ever after," every hero or heroine still has to
walk through the forest of uncertainty—and it is the journey through that darkness that makes the
ending worthy (10) (remember).
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A Rare Season of Supermoons
This fall, something special will appear in the night sky: every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual. This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a 11 . A supermoon happens when the moon's full 12 occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth.
On October 6, November 5, and December 4, skywatchers will see the "harvest," "beaver," and "cold" moons all rise as supermoons. This three - month stretch is unusual and offers a beautiful 13 for anyone who loves observing the night sky.
What Makes a Moon "Super"
The moon does not follow a perfect circular route. Instead, it 14 Earth in an oval (椭圆的) path. As a result, there are times each month when the moon is slightly closer to Earth, called perigee, and times when it is farther away, called apogee. At perigee, the moon is about 356,000 kilometers from Earth, while at apogee it can be more than 406,000 kilometers away.
When a full moon happens at perigee, we see a supermoon. It throws a brilliance that 15 an average full moon and fills the sky with quiet wonder. In fact, a supermoon can look up to 14 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than the smallest full moon of the year. To the naked eye, the change may be 16 , but photographs show a clear and impressive difference.
Why There Will Be Three in Succession
Contrary to what their name might suggest, supermoons occur with 17 frequency, often appearing multiple times within a single year. However, having three back - to - back ones is uncommon. This happens because the timing of the moon's perigee slowly 18 compared with its full moon, completing a cycle about every fourteen months. In 2025, that timing will line up perfectly to produce three supermoons 19 . The pattern will even continue into early 2026, with another supermoon expected on January 3.
The Meaning of the Moon Names
Many traditional moon names come from 20 life and cultural customs. The "harvest moon" in October, for example, was named because its bright light helped farmers work late into the night during the final harvest season before winter.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The word ‘habits’ gets thrown around a lot. Your doctor encourages you to get into the ‘good habit’ of eating five portions of fruit and vegetables a day; your friend 21 their ‘bad habit’ of checking social media before bed; maybe you once had a music teacher who kept on at you to practise your finger exercises until they ‘feel 22 ’.
But according to psychologists, not everything you do, or want to do, frequently or regularly, is 23 a habit. Some of the situations above are more about goals (what you hope to achieve at some point in the future), 24 (your plans for what you’re going to do) and skills (such as being able to hit musical notes consistently), than about habits. 25 , routines—such as going to the gym regularly—have the 26 to become a habit, but it’s not for sure that they will.
So, what exactly is a habit And what does it take to make one that’s ‘good’ or 27 one that’s ‘bad’
One key feature of habits is that once something is what you do by habit, you do it without thinking. Building on that idea, psychologists today say that what makes a habit a habit is that it’s a behaviour that’s started 28 by specific cues (提示) in the environment. The pairing between the cue and the action might have begun as 29 —that is, done to serve a particular goal or because it’s rewarding, but over time, the association is 30 , and now it plays out without thought even if the behaviour is no longer pleasurable or desirable.
This process of a behaviour in a particular situation starting out as willful but then becoming increasingly automatic through 31 , has been shown at the level of brain activity.
When a behaviour turns into a habit, the brain relies less on goal - directed systems and more on those driving 32 action. Or, to put it another way, the decision - making process you once had to 33 to perform the behaviour has been bypassed.
But what really makes habits so interesting to psychologists and other health professionals is the way they can 34 our behaviour for better and worse. The healthy or unhealthy habits you may have can have an outsized influence on the kind of lifestyle you lead, and on your ability to fulfil your longer - term goals. So, if you’ve formed a number of unhealthy habits, the long - term 35 impact could be significant.
21.A. worries about B. takes pride in C. benefits from D. depends on
22.A. exhausting B. worrying C. habitual D. imperfect
23.A. reversely B. alternatively C. necessarily D. academically
24.A. calendars B. intentions C. preferences D. actions
25.A. Still B. Consequently C. Instead D. Therefore
26.A. right B. limit C. advantage D. potential
27.A. define B. break C. form D. have
28.A. barely B. thoroughly C. early D. automatically
29.A. purposeful B. mindless C. temporary D. accidental
30.A. confirmed B. strengthened C. discovered D. approved
31.A. repetition B. struggle C. practice D. selection
32.A. decisive B. positive C. instinctive D. unlawful
33.A. come back B. settle down C. take over D. go through
34.A. control B. change C. interpret D. observe
35.A. indirect B. emotional C. unexpected D. harmful
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
My cat Jean-Philippe is what you might charitably describe as ‘big - boned’.
I adopted Phil when he was about six months old. Before he came to my house, he had been
living with a couple of other kittens out on the street. When I moved into a fourth - floor apartment,
he became a full - time indoor foodie. I usually call him Fat Phil. I love him, but he is basically a meat
loaf with fur. I finally realized things were getting out of control when he outgrew his cat carrier and
I was forced to buy one built for a medium - sized dog.
To make sure that Phil would stick around for as long as possible, I knew I needed to make
some changes to his diet—whether or not he was fully on board with them. Although Fat Phil needed
to become Slim Phil, losing weight too quickly could be dangerous. I was sent by Phil's doctor to a
website that calculates how many calories a day a cat needs to consume to lose weight at a healthy
pace. This is when I learnt that you apparently need to understand advanced algebra(代数) to count
cat - food calories.
Phil eats a combination of raw, freeze - dried, and canned food, and he began his diet at 270
calories a day. Have you ever tried to figure out the calories in your cat's favourite brands of food
Some don't include the information on the label. Others give it in tiny print. Or they publish it in
terms that require you to figure out, say, that if 450 grams of freeze - dried chicken biscuits contain
125 calories, a kitchen cup weighs about 700 grams, and 50 biscuits fit in a cup, each biscuit has...
wait....
I have to keep reminding myself that this is the very best diet for cats, according to doctors. And
finally! After more than a year, Phil's daily intake has been reduced to 250 calories.
But it's an ongoing struggle. He's a hardened food thief. He starts pushing for dinner at about
1 p.m., sometimes rising up on his legs and tapping me on the shoulder with his front paw as I sit at
my computer. If he had a watch, he'd be pointing at it. Resisting his most sincere requests takes as
much self - control as I can develop, but I persist. And any month now, my boy is going to slim down
that dog - sized body and become the size of a very large cat.
36. How many of the following phrases refer to the same meaning as “big - boned”
(1) a full - time indoor foodie (2) Fat Phil
(3) a meat loaf with fur (4) a medium - sized dog
(5) Slim Phil (6) a hardened food thief
A. (1)(3)(6). B. (2)(3)(4). C. (2)(5)(6). D. (1)(4)(5).
37. What does the author find difficult when calculating Jean - Philippe's food intake
A. Phil refuses to eat raw, freeze - dried and canned food.
B. Calorie information can't be found on cat food labels.
C. Phil's doctor fails to give useful suggestions on his diet.
D. The calorie information on cat food is unclear or hard to find.
38. What does the writer imply by “an ongoing struggle” in the last paragraph
A. Keeping Phil on his diet remains difficult.
B. The writer intends to stop the cat's diet plan.
C. Phil's health keeps worsening over the year.
D. Feeding Phil has become much boring now.
39. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards Jean - Philippe
A. Tolerant, the cat will remain huge.
B. Generous, yet losing patience with Phil's habits.
C. Loving, yet determined to follow the health plan.
D. Scientific, relying on complex calculations.
(B)
Buckingham Palace
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Explore the historic residence of British royalty from the comfort of your own home
Are you sitting comfortably Then we'll begin. History and stories are plentiful about Buckingham Palace and its surroundings. Using pictures, old paintings, Google Earth—and 360 - degree views of the most fascinating rooms—this impressive virtual tour will bring the palace and its past to life.
Your guide Loona Hazarika (a history expert) will accompany you through the tour, where you'll find out about the preparations needed for a royal dinner, visit the drawing room with a secret door, learn stories about a secret tunnel and virtually visit the gallery that has the largest collection of the Italian scenery painter Canalettos in the world.
Take a virtual walk down the Mall and around St James's Park to hear stories (Henry VIII's jousting ground where men - at - arms fought on horseback), how the Stuarts made it into a pleasure ground, curious facts such as how the British taught the French to bottle wine and who the grand old Duke of York was (in fact, not all that grand at all).
You can join this one - and - a - half - hour virtual tour, which takes place on 2nd February, and you can book online at www.mirthy.co.uk. There will be a recording available to watch for free afterwards for anyone who misses the event. ■
FOR MORE INFORMATION
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40. What makes the art gallery a highlight on the tour
A. It holds the world's largest collection of art in Europe.
B. It presents a 360 - degree view of fascinating exhibits.
C. It houses a large number of Canaletto's masterpieces.
D. It features a secret door leading to the drawing room.
41. Which of the following statements is true about the Stuarts
A. They turned St James's Park into a pleasure park.
B. They constructed a jousting ground for Henry VIII.
C. They taught the French the skills of bottling wine.
D. They were children of the grand old Duke of York.
42. What is the main purpose of this passage
A. To introduce the painter Canaletto and his works.
B. To promote a virtual tour of Buckingham Palace.
C. To compare different ways of visiting royal palaces.
D. To share historical stories about Buckingham Palace.
(C)
Hollywood writers scored a major victory last month in their battle over how artificial intelligence can be used in future film and television projects.
Experts say the contract guidelines between the Writers Guild of America (WGA) and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP) could offer a model for workers in Hollywood and other industries. The writers' contract does not outlaw the use of AI tools in the writing process, but it sets up protections to make sure the technology stays in the control of workers, rather than being used by their bosses to replace them.
The new rules guard against several occasions that writers had feared, comedian Adam Conover, a member of the WGA negotiating committee, said. One such situation was studios being allowed to generate a full script using AI and then demanding that a human writer complete the writing process.
Under the new terms, studios “cannot use AI to write scripts or to edit scripts that have already been written by a writer”, Conover said. The contract also prevents studios from treating AI - generated content as “source material”, like a novel or a play that screenwriters could be assigned to adapt for a lower fee and a lot less credit than an original script.
For instance, if the studios were allowed to use ChatGPT to generate a 100,000 - word novel and then ask writers to adapt it, “That would be a loophole (漏洞) for them to reduce the wages of screenwriters,” he said. “We're not allowing that.” If writers adapt output from large language models, it will still be considered an original screenplay, he added.
Simon Johnson, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who studies technological transformation, called the new terms a “fantastic win for writers” and said it would likely result in “better quality work and a stronger industry for longer”. The union win on AI is also not a loss for the studios, he noted, since they “will get a better product from this arrangement” than they might have otherwise.
43. What does the new contract between WGA and AMPTP say about the use of AI tools
A. They are completely banned from the writing process.
B. They can be used but must stay under writers' control.
C. They are encouraged to replace human writers in studios.
D. They can be used only for editing finished screenplays.
44. According to the new rules, which of the following practices is disallowed
A. Using AI to finish or revise a script written by a human writer.
B. Asking writers to polish scripts originally written by others.
C. Letting writers adapt plays or novels into new screenplays.
D. Preventing writers from using AI tools for brainstorming ideas.
45. It can be inferred that the writers view AI technology mainly as ______.
A. a tool that can improve efficiency if allowed
B. a long - term issue that needs further negotiation
C. a necessary evil that would eventually be accepted
D. a threat that requires immediate restrictions
46. Why does Simon Johnson think highly of the new rules
A. The entertainment industry is forced to focus on writers' welfare.
B. They ensure greater job stability and fairer treatment for writers.
C. The adoption of AI tools saves time and lowers the studios' cost.
D. They secure writers' rights and support a more sustainable industry.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. It's a reasonable explanation that's supported by the data.
B. He sent the samples to an independent laboratory that found 9.45 particles per mL.
C. To minimize their environmental impact, hikers are encouraged to avoid water - rich areas along the trail.
D. Now they suspect they were wrong.
E. Hikers should also consider wearing less - polluting shoes or clothing made with natural fibers.
F. They have been found throughout the human body and can cross the brain barriers.
Microplastics in the Wilderness
Soft trail shoes (越野鞋) and hiking clothing “appear to be significant contributors to microplastics finding their way into these remote, otherwise extremely clean waters”, said Tim Keyes, a Sacred Heart University data scientist.
Microplastics are tiny bits of plastic that are either intentionally added to consumer products or formed when larger plastics break down. The particles (微粒) may contain any of about 16,000 plastic chemicals, of which many present serious health risks. 47
In 2023, Keyes took samples from Lake Tear of the Clouds, about 1,300 meters high. It sees
43. What does the new contract between WGA and AMPTP say about the use of AI tools
A. They are completely banned from the writing process.
B. They can be used but must stay under writers' control.
C. They are encouraged to replace human writers in studios.
D. They can be used only for editing finished screenplays.
44. According to the new rules, which of the following practices is disallowed
A. Using AI to finish or revise a script written by a human writer.
B. Asking writers to polish scripts originally written by others.
C. Letting writers adapt plays or novels into new screenplays.
D. Preventing writers from using AI tools for brainstorming ideas.
45. It can be inferred that the writers view AI technology mainly as ______.
A. a tool that can improve efficiency if allowed
B. a long - term issue that needs further negotiation
C. a necessary evil that would eventually be accepted
D. a threat that requires immediate restrictions
46. Why does Simon Johnson think highly of the new rules
A. The entertainment industry is forced to focus on writers' welfare.
B. They ensure greater job stability and fairer treatment for writers.
C. The adoption of AI tools saves time and lowers the studios' cost.
D. They secure writers' rights and support a more sustainable industry.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. It's a reasonable explanation that's supported by the data.
B. He sent the samples to an independent laboratory that found 9.45 particles per mL.
C. To minimize their environmental impact, hikers are encouraged to avoid water - rich areas along the trail.
D. Now they suspect they were wrong.
E. Hikers should also consider wearing less - polluting shoes or clothing made with natural fibers.
F. They have been found throughout the human body and can cross the brain barriers.
Microplastics in the Wilderness
Soft trail shoes (越野鞋) and hiking clothing "appear to be significant contributors to microplastics finding their way into these remote, otherwise extremely clean waters", said Tim Keyes, a Sacred Heart University data scientist.
Microplastics are tiny bits of plastic that are either intentionally added to consumer products or formed when larger plastics break down. The particles (微粒) may contain any of about 16,000 plastic chemicals, of which many present serious health risks. 47
In 2023, Keyes took samples from Lake Tear of the Clouds, about 1,300 meters high. It sees
heavy hiker traffic because it is close to a trail. ____48____ Because the area only had hiker traffic, it was assumed that microplastic pollution was being brought to the area largely by environmental water, especially as rain or snow.
____49____ The researchers returned two years later in early 2025 to sample Lake Tear again and also another lake, Moss Pond, at a similar height but far from human activity. The lab found about 0.73 pieces per mL in Moss Pond and about 16.54 pieces in Lake Tear—a big difference suggesting that hiker traffic plays a major role. Trail shoes with soft soles (鞋底) can drop small plastic pieces just as car tires do, Keyes said.
The authors say the findings are meant to generate awareness and underscore why industry should produce clothing and shoes that will shed fewer microplastics. ____50____
III. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
51. The Pressure on Parents to Train Their Babies’ Brains
Relax, but be on constant alert. Follow your instincts, but do exactly what the scientists say. Amid such a flood of “expert” advice, is it any wonder that the experience of modern parenting can often feel exhausting Thankfully, researchers are questioning this stress - generating situation.
It all begins with the idea of “intensive parenting”, coined in the 1990s, describing a parenting standard that parents need to be sharply sensitive to their children’s cognitive, psychological and emotional needs to shape their babies’ brains. Unfortunately, it turns many of parenting’s pleasures—such as smiling along with your baby—into critically important work which, if not performed adequately, puts that child’s future health and happiness in danger.
However, the evidence used to explain how baby brain develops is often flawed—whether it is a result of small samples that are more likely to turn up weird results or studying children who have experienced extreme neglect and then inferring more general lessons from this.
Worse still, such research takes a short path to becoming public policy. Take A vision for the 1,001 critical days, a UK government report published in 2021, which states that the infant brain “becomes hardwired by the baby’s earliest experiences”. Similar narratives have been adopted by various organizations that frame parents’ interactions with their baby as a crucial window for shaping that child’s future.
Of course, there is a place for science in understanding child development and parenting. Rather than analyzing the parent - child relationship, think how babies and children really learn. They do so from everyone, not just their parents, and are doing it all the time—through watching, listening and playing. Rather than attempt to shape infants into a particular type of person, parents just need to provide a safe and stable environment in which they can develop.
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 每逢刮风下雨，乡间的小路总是泥泞难行。(too)
53. 越是让人感到愉悦、获得成就感的事情，我们就越容易反复去做。(The more..., the more)
54. 随着乒乓球友谊赛的圆满落幕，我们再次体会到：无论输赢，每个人都是胜利者。(regardless)
55. 年轻人借助多媒体和直播，打破了销售的时空限制，让农产品走出乡村，进入更大的市场。(barrier)
V. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你的外国笔友 Alex 正在准备一场以“Is AI a helpful study partner or a source of distraction ” 为主题的辩论赛。他需要收集世界各地同龄人的看法，并向你征求意见。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容必须包括：
(1) 你认为 AI 是学习的好伙伴还是危险的干扰；
(2) 结合自身经历阐述你的理由。
虹口区 2025 学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试
英语参考答案
I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
1. were never meant 2. which 3. stands
4. allow 5. acting 6. what
7. Shaped 8. because 9. before
10. remembering Section B 11. F (row) 12. E (phase)
13. I (sight) 14. C (orbits) 15. D (outshines)
16. A (delicate) 17. G (seasonal) 18. H (shifts)
19. J (successively) 20. B (notable)
II. Reading Comprehension Section A
21. A (worries about) 22. C (habitual) 23. C (necessarily)
24. B (intentions) 25. A (Still) 26. D (potential)
27. B (break) 28. D (automatically) 29. A (purposeful)
30. B (strengthened) 31. A (repetition) 32. C (instinctive)
33. D (go through) 34. A (control) 35. D (harmful) Section B
36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. C
41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. D
46. D
Section C
47. F 48. A 49. D 50. E
III. Summary Writing (Possible Version)
Modern parents face pressure to engage in "intensive parenting" to shape their baby's brain development, often based on flawed or misinterpreted research. This anxiety is worsened when such studies influence public policy, framing early interactions as crucial for future outcomes. However, babies learn continuously from various sources in safe environments, not solely through targeted parental efforts.
IV. Translation
52. Whenever it's windy and rainy, the country paths are too muddy to walk on.
53. The more enjoyable and rewarding something feels, the more likely we are to do it repeatedly.
54. With the table tennis friendship competition successfully concluded, we once again realize that, regardless of winning or losing, everyone is a winner.
55. By using multimedia and live streaming, young people have broken the barriers of time and space in sales, allowing agricultural products to move from the countryside into larger markets.
56.略
高三英语 试卷
考生注意：
1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，
做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of
the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why Fairy Tales Are Really Powerful Tales
When people think of fairy tales, they usually imagine pretty princesses, brave princes and
happy endings. Yet if we look back to the earliest versions of these stories, we discover that fairy
tales (1) (never mean) to be only sweet or child - friendly. In fact, they were originally serious
and full of challenges. The fear and danger in these tales were not accidental—they carried moral,
social, and even psychological meaning.
In the past, life was full of risks: diseases, hunger, and poverty. Folk stories reflected that world.
In Hansel and Gretel, two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch (女巫), (2)
reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival. In Little Red Riding Hood, the wolf's
attack teaches young listeners not to trust strangers. Behind every tense scene, there (3) (stand)
a warning about real human behavior.
Psychologists later pointed out that such stories help children face their inner worries. Bruno
Bettelheim, a well - known scholar, suggested that fairy tales (4) (allow) the mind to deal safely
with emotions like jealousy, loneliness, and loss. The deep parts of the story, (5) (act) like a
mirror, help readers understand the hidden corners of their own hearts.
Modern versions have softened these tales, replacing danger with beauty and loss with happy
endings. But deep down, the original fear is (6) gave fairy tales their power. Without fear, their
lessons lose depth. (7) (shape) by facing imaginary monsters, readers learn how to face
real - life challenges.
In the end, (8) they reflect the truth of human experience, fairy tales are really powerful
tales. They remind us that (9) reaching "happily ever after," every hero or heroine still has to
walk through the forest of uncertainty—and it is the journey through that darkness that makes the
ending worthy (10) (remember).
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A Rare Season of Supermoons
This fall, something special will appear in the night sky: every full moon will look slightly bigger and brighter than usual. This is because the last three months of 2025 will bring a rare series of supermoons in a 11 . A supermoon happens when the moon's full 12 occurs at the point in its path closest to Earth.
On October 6, November 5, and December 4, skywatchers will see the "harvest," "beaver," and "cold" moons all rise as supermoons. This three - month stretch is unusual and offers a beautiful 13 for anyone who loves observing the night sky.
What Makes a Moon "Super"
The moon does not follow a perfect circular route. Instead, it 14 Earth in an oval (椭圆的) path. As a result, there are times each month when the moon is slightly closer to Earth, called perigee, and times when it is farther away, called apogee. At perigee, the moon is about 356,000 kilometers from Earth, while at apogee it can be more than 406,000 kilometers away.
When a full moon happens at perigee, we see a supermoon. It throws a brilliance that 15 an average full moon and fills the sky with quiet wonder. In fact, a supermoon can look up to 14 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than the smallest full moon of the year. To the naked eye, the change may be 16 , but photographs show a clear and impressive difference.
Why There Will Be Three in Succession
Contrary to what their name might suggest, supermoons occur with 17 frequency, often appearing multiple times within a single year. However, having three back - to - back ones is uncommon. This happens because the timing of the moon's perigee slowly 18 compared with its full moon, completing a cycle about every fourteen months. In 2025, that timing will line up perfectly to produce three supermoons 19 . The pattern will even continue into early 2026, with another supermoon expected on January 3.
The Meaning of the Moon Names
Many traditional moon names come from 20 life and cultural customs. The "harvest moon" in October, for example, was named because its bright light helped farmers work late into the night during the final harvest season before winter.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The word ‘habits’ gets thrown around a lot. Your doctor encourages you to get into the ‘good habit’ of eating five portions of fruit and vegetables a day; your friend 21 their ‘bad habit’ of checking social media before bed; maybe you once had a music teacher who kept on at you to practise your finger exercises until they ‘feel 22 ’.
But according to psychologists, not everything you do, or want to do, frequently or regularly, is 23 a habit. Some of the situations above are more about goals (what you hope to achieve at some point in the future), 24 (your plans for what you’re going to do) and skills (such as being able to hit musical notes consistently), than about habits. 25 , routines—such as going to the gym regularly—have the 26 to become a habit, but it’s not for sure that they will.
So, what exactly is a habit And what does it take to make one that’s ‘good’ or 27 one that’s ‘bad’
One key feature of habits is that once something is what you do by habit, you do it without thinking. Building on that idea, psychologists today say that what makes a habit a habit is that it’s a behaviour that’s started 28 by specific cues (提示) in the environment. The pairing between the cue and the action might have begun as 29 —that is, done to serve a particular goal or because it’s rewarding, but over time, the association is 30 , and now it plays out without thought even if the behaviour is no longer pleasurable or desirable.
This process of a behaviour in a particular situation starting out as willful but then becoming increasingly automatic through 31 , has been shown at the level of brain activity.
When a behaviour turns into a habit, the brain relies less on goal - directed systems and more on those driving 32 action. Or, to put it another way, the decision - making process you once had to 33 to perform the behaviour has been bypassed.
But what really makes habits so interesting to psychologists and other health professionals is the way they can 34 our behaviour for better and worse. The healthy or unhealthy habits you may have can have an outsized influence on the kind of lifestyle you lead, and on your ability to fulfil your longer - term goals. So, if you’ve formed a number of unhealthy habits, the long - term 35 impact could be significant.
21.A. worries about B. takes pride in C. benefits from D. depends on
22.A. exhausting B. worrying C. habitual D. imperfect
23.A. reversely B. alternatively C. necessarily D. academically
24.A. calendars B. intentions C. preferences D. actions
25.A. Still B. Consequently C. Instead D. Therefore
26.A. right B. limit C. advantage D. potential
27.A. define B. break C. form D. have
28.A. barely B. thoroughly C. early D. automatically
29.A. purposeful B. mindless C. temporary D. accidental
30.A. confirmed B. strengthened C. discovered D. approved
31.A. repetition B. struggle C. practice D. selection
32.A. decisive B. positive C. instinctive D. unlawful
33.A. come back B. settle down C. take over D. go through
34.A. control B. change C. interpret D. observe
35.A. indirect B. emotional C. unexpected D. harmful
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
My cat Jean-Philippe is what you might charitably describe as ‘big - boned’.
I adopted Phil when he was about six months old. Before he came to my house, he had been
living with a couple of other kittens out on the street. When I moved into a fourth - floor apartment,
he became a full - time indoor foodie. I usually call him Fat Phil. I love him, but he is basically a meat
loaf with fur. I finally realized things were getting out of control when he outgrew his cat carrier and
I was forced to buy one built for a medium - sized dog.
To make sure that Phil would stick around for as long as possible, I knew I needed to make
some changes to his diet—whether or not he was fully on board with them. Although Fat Phil needed
to become Slim Phil, losing weight too quickly could be dangerous. I was sent by Phil's doctor to a
website that calculates how many calories a day a cat needs to consume to lose weight at a healthy
pace. This is when I learnt that you apparently need to understand advanced algebra(代数) to count
cat - food calories.
Phil eats a combination of raw, freeze - dried, and canned food, and he began his diet at 270
calories a day. Have you ever tried to figure out the calories in your cat's favourite brands of food
Some don't include the information on the label. Others give it in tiny print. Or they publish it in
terms that require you to figure out, say, that if 450 grams of freeze - dried chicken biscuits contain
125 calories, a kitchen cup weighs about 700 grams, and 50 biscuits fit in a cup, each biscuit has...
wait....
I have to keep reminding myself that this is the very best diet for cats, according to doctors. And
finally! After more than a year, Phil's daily intake has been reduced to 250 calories.
But it's an ongoing struggle. He's a hardened food thief. He starts pushing for dinner at about
1 p.m., sometimes rising up on his legs and tapping me on the shoulder with his front paw as I sit at
my computer. If he had a watch, he'd be pointing at it. Resisting his most sincere requests takes as
much self - control as I can develop, but I persist. And any month now, my boy is going to slim down
that dog - sized body and become the size of a very large cat.
36. How many of the following phrases refer to the same meaning as “big - boned”
(1) a full - time indoor foodie (2) Fat Phil
(3) a meat loaf with fur (4) a medium - sized dog
(5) Slim Phil (6) a hardened food thief
A. (1)(3)(6). B. (2)(3)(4). C. (2)(5)(6). D. (1)(4)(5).
37. What does the author find difficult when calculating Jean - Philippe's food intake
A. Phil refuses to eat raw, freeze - dried and canned food.
B. Calorie information can't be found on cat food labels.
C. Phil's doctor fails to give useful suggestions on his diet.
D. The calorie information on cat food is unclear or hard to find.
38. What does the writer imply by “an ongoing struggle” in the last paragraph
A. Keeping Phil on his diet remains difficult.
B. The writer intends to stop the cat's diet plan.
C. Phil's health keeps worsening over the year.
D. Feeding Phil has become much boring now.
39. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards Jean - Philippe
A. Tolerant, the cat will remain huge.
B. Generous, yet losing patience with Phil's habits.
C. Loving, yet determined to follow the health plan.
D. Scientific, relying on complex calculations.
(B)
Buckingham Palace
virtually all yours
Explore the historic residence of British royalty from the comfort of your own home
Are you sitting comfortably Then we'll begin. History and stories are plentiful about Buckingham Palace and its surroundings. Using pictures, old paintings, Google Earth—and 360 - degree views of the most fascinating rooms—this impressive virtual tour will bring the palace and its past to life.
Your guide Loona Hazarika (a history expert) will accompany you through the tour, where you'll find out about the preparations needed for a royal dinner, visit the drawing room with a secret door, learn stories about a secret tunnel and virtually visit the gallery that has the largest collection of the Italian scenery painter Canalettos in the world.
Take a virtual walk down the Mall and around St James's Park to hear stories (Henry VIII's jousting ground where men - at - arms fought on horseback), how the Stuarts made it into a pleasure ground, curious facts such as how the British taught the French to bottle wine and who the grand old Duke of York was (in fact, not all that grand at all).
You can join this one - and - a - half - hour virtual tour, which takes place on 2nd February, and you can book online at www.mirthy.co.uk. There will be a recording available to watch for free afterwards for anyone who misses the event. ■
FOR MORE INFORMATION
At Mirthy we understand that not everyone feels comfortable being out in shared spaces right now, which is why our virtual events bring the world to you. Join Mirthy's online community and try over 50 classes & events for free.
40. What makes the art gallery a highlight on the tour
A. It holds the world's largest collection of art in Europe.
B. It presents a 360 - degree view of fascinating exhibits.
C. It houses a large number of Canaletto's masterpieces.
D. It features a secret door leading to the drawing room.
41. Which of the following statements is true about the Stuarts
A. They turned St James's Park into a pleasure park.
B. They constructed a jousting ground for Henry VIII.
C. They taught the French the skills of bottling wine.
D. They were children of the grand old Duke of York.
42. What is the main purpose of this passage
A. To introduce the painter Canaletto and his works.
B. To promote a virtual tour of Buckingham Palace.
C. To compare different ways of visiting royal palaces.
D. To share historical stories about Buckingham Palace.
(C)
Hollywood writers scored a major victory last month in their battle over how artificial intelligence can be used in future film and television projects.
Experts say the contract guidelines between the Writers Guild of America (WGA) and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP) could offer a model for workers in Hollywood and other industries. The writers' contract does not outlaw the use of AI tools in the writing process, but it sets up protections to make sure the technology stays in the control of workers, rather than being used by their bosses to replace them.
The new rules guard against several occasions that writers had feared, comedian Adam Conover, a member of the WGA negotiating committee, said. One such situation was studios being allowed to generate a full script using AI and then demanding that a human writer complete the writing process.
Under the new terms, studios “cannot use AI to write scripts or to edit scripts that have already been written by a writer”, Conover said. The contract also prevents studios from treating AI - generated content as “source material”, like a novel or a play that screenwriters could be assigned to adapt for a lower fee and a lot less credit than an original script.
For instance, if the studios were allowed to use ChatGPT to generate a 100,000 - word novel and then ask writers to adapt it, “That would be a loophole (漏洞) for them to reduce the wages of screenwriters,” he said. “We're not allowing that.” If writers adapt output from large language models, it will still be considered an original screenplay, he added.
Simon Johnson, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who studies technological transformation, called the new terms a “fantastic win for writers” and said it would likely result in “better quality work and a stronger industry for longer”. The union win on AI is also not a loss for the studios, he noted, since they “will get a better product from this arrangement” than they might have otherwise.
43. What does the new contract between WGA and AMPTP say about the use of AI tools
A. They are completely banned from the writing process.
B. They can be used but must stay under writers' control.
C. They are encouraged to replace human writers in studios.
D. They can be used only for editing finished screenplays.
44. According to the new rules, which of the following practices is disallowed
A. Using AI to finish or revise a script written by a human writer.
B. Asking writers to polish scripts originally written by others.
C. Letting writers adapt plays or novels into new screenplays.
D. Preventing writers from using AI tools for brainstorming ideas.
45. It can be inferred that the writers view AI technology mainly as ______.
A. a tool that can improve efficiency if allowed
B. a long - term issue that needs further negotiation
C. a necessary evil that would eventually be accepted
D. a threat that requires immediate restrictions
46. Why does Simon Johnson think highly of the new rules
A. The entertainment industry is forced to focus on writers' welfare.
B. They ensure greater job stability and fairer treatment for writers.
C. The adoption of AI tools saves time and lowers the studios' cost.
D. They secure writers' rights and support a more sustainable industry.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. It's a reasonable explanation that's supported by the data.
B. He sent the samples to an independent laboratory that found 9.45 particles per mL.
C. To minimize their environmental impact, hikers are encouraged to avoid water - rich areas along the trail.
D. Now they suspect they were wrong.
E. Hikers should also consider wearing less - polluting shoes or clothing made with natural fibers.
F. They have been found throughout the human body and can cross the brain barriers.
Microplastics in the Wilderness
Soft trail shoes (越野鞋) and hiking clothing “appear to be significant contributors to microplastics finding their way into these remote, otherwise extremely clean waters”, said Tim Keyes, a Sacred Heart University data scientist.
Microplastics are tiny bits of plastic that are either intentionally added to consumer products or formed when larger plastics break down. The particles (微粒) may contain any of about 16,000 plastic chemicals, of which many present serious health risks. 47
In 2023, Keyes took samples from Lake Tear of the Clouds, about 1,300 meters high. It sees
43. What does the new contract between WGA and AMPTP say about the use of AI tools
A. They are completely banned from the writing process.
B. They can be used but must stay under writers' control.
C. They are encouraged to replace human writers in studios.
D. They can be used only for editing finished screenplays.
44. According to the new rules, which of the following practices is disallowed
A. Using AI to finish or revise a script written by a human writer.
B. Asking writers to polish scripts originally written by others.
C. Letting writers adapt plays or novels into new screenplays.
D. Preventing writers from using AI tools for brainstorming ideas.
45. It can be inferred that the writers view AI technology mainly as ______.
A. a tool that can improve efficiency if allowed
B. a long - term issue that needs further negotiation
C. a necessary evil that would eventually be accepted
D. a threat that requires immediate restrictions
46. Why does Simon Johnson think highly of the new rules
A. The entertainment industry is forced to focus on writers' welfare.
B. They ensure greater job stability and fairer treatment for writers.
C. The adoption of AI tools saves time and lowers the studios' cost.
D. They secure writers' rights and support a more sustainable industry.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. It's a reasonable explanation that's supported by the data.
B. He sent the samples to an independent laboratory that found 9.45 particles per mL.
C. To minimize their environmental impact, hikers are encouraged to avoid water - rich areas along the trail.
D. Now they suspect they were wrong.
E. Hikers should also consider wearing less - polluting shoes or clothing made with natural fibers.
F. They have been found throughout the human body and can cross the brain barriers.
Microplastics in the Wilderness
Soft trail shoes (越野鞋) and hiking clothing "appear to be significant contributors to microplastics finding their way into these remote, otherwise extremely clean waters", said Tim Keyes, a Sacred Heart University data scientist.
Microplastics are tiny bits of plastic that are either intentionally added to consumer products or formed when larger plastics break down. The particles (微粒) may contain any of about 16,000 plastic chemicals, of which many present serious health risks. 47
In 2023, Keyes took samples from Lake Tear of the Clouds, about 1,300 meters high. It sees
heavy hiker traffic because it is close to a trail. ____48____ Because the area only had hiker traffic, it was assumed that microplastic pollution was being brought to the area largely by environmental water, especially as rain or snow.
____49____ The researchers returned two years later in early 2025 to sample Lake Tear again and also another lake, Moss Pond, at a similar height but far from human activity. The lab found about 0.73 pieces per mL in Moss Pond and about 16.54 pieces in Lake Tear—a big difference suggesting that hiker traffic plays a major role. Trail shoes with soft soles (鞋底) can drop small plastic pieces just as car tires do, Keyes said.
The authors say the findings are meant to generate awareness and underscore why industry should produce clothing and shoes that will shed fewer microplastics. ____50____
III. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
51. The Pressure on Parents to Train Their Babies’ Brains
Relax, but be on constant alert. Follow your instincts, but do exactly what the scientists say. Amid such a flood of “expert” advice, is it any wonder that the experience of modern parenting can often feel exhausting Thankfully, researchers are questioning this stress - generating situation.
It all begins with the idea of “intensive parenting”, coined in the 1990s, describing a parenting standard that parents need to be sharply sensitive to their children’s cognitive, psychological and emotional needs to shape their babies’ brains. Unfortunately, it turns many of parenting’s pleasures—such as smiling along with your baby—into critically important work which, if not performed adequately, puts that child’s future health and happiness in danger.
However, the evidence used to explain how baby brain develops is often flawed—whether it is a result of small samples that are more likely to turn up weird results or studying children who have experienced extreme neglect and then inferring more general lessons from this.
Worse still, such research takes a short path to becoming public policy. Take A vision for the 1,001 critical days, a UK government report published in 2021, which states that the infant brain “becomes hardwired by the baby’s earliest experiences”. Similar narratives have been adopted by various organizations that frame parents’ interactions with their baby as a crucial window for shaping that child’s future.
Of course, there is a place for science in understanding child development and parenting. Rather than analyzing the parent - child relationship, think how babies and children really learn. They do so from everyone, not just their parents, and are doing it all the time—through watching, listening and playing. Rather than attempt to shape infants into a particular type of person, parents just need to provide a safe and stable environment in which they can develop.
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 每逢刮风下雨，乡间的小路总是泥泞难行。(too)
53. 越是让人感到愉悦、获得成就感的事情，我们就越容易反复去做。(The more..., the more)
54. 随着乒乓球友谊赛的圆满落幕，我们再次体会到：无论输赢，每个人都是胜利者。(regardless)
55. 年轻人借助多媒体和直播，打破了销售的时空限制，让农产品走出乡村，进入更大的市场。(barrier)
V. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。你的外国笔友 Alex 正在准备一场以“Is AI a helpful study partner or a source of distraction ” 为主题的辩论赛。他需要收集世界各地同龄人的看法，并向你征求意见。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容必须包括：
(1) 你认为 AI 是学习的好伙伴还是危险的干扰；
(2) 结合自身经历阐述你的理由。
虹口区 2025 学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试
英语参考答案
I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
1. were never meant 2. which 3. stands
4. allow 5. acting 6. what
7. Shaped 8. because 9. before
10. remembering Section B 11. F (row) 12. E (phase)
13. I (sight) 14. C (orbits) 15. D (outshines)
16. A (delicate) 17. G (seasonal) 18. H (shifts)
19. J (successively) 20. B (notable)
II. Reading Comprehension Section A
21. A (worries about) 22. C (habitual) 23. C (necessarily)
24. B (intentions) 25. A (Still) 26. D (potential)
27. B (break) 28. D (automatically) 29. A (purposeful)
30. B (strengthened) 31. A (repetition) 32. C (instinctive)
33. D (go through) 34. A (control) 35. D (harmful) Section B
36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. C
41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. D
46. D
Section C
47. F 48. A 49. D 50. E
III. Summary Writing (Possible Version)
Modern parents face pressure to engage in "intensive parenting" to shape their baby's brain development, often based on flawed or misinterpreted research. This anxiety is worsened when such studies influence public policy, framing early interactions as crucial for future outcomes. However, babies learn continuously from various sources in safe environments, not solely through targeted parental efforts.
IV. Translation
52. Whenever it's windy and rainy, the country paths are too muddy to walk on.
53. The more enjoyable and rewarding something feels, the more likely we are to do it repeatedly.
54. With the table tennis friendship competition successfully concluded, we once again realize that, regardless of winning or losing, everyone is a winner.
55. By using multimedia and live streaming, young people have broken the barriers of time and space in sales, allowing agricultural products to move from the countryside into larger markets.
56.略
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