高中英语语法定语从句：全方位复习+强化训练
文档属性
| 名称 | 高中英语语法定语从句：全方位复习+强化训练 |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 411.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-12-04 09:55:45 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语语法定语从句：全方位复习+强化训练
一、定语：修饰限定名词（位置：短前长后）。
二、定语从句：一个句子充当定语。
三、定语从句结构：
主句＋先行词＋引导词＋定语从句。
This is the boy who I saw yesterday.
四、引导词——关系代词（在句中做宾语时可看略）
1．定从引导词不可能为what。
2．指人：先行词为指人的名词或代词时。
who 在从句中充当主语和宾语。
whom 在从句中充当宾语。
This is the man (who / whom）. 缺宾语
This is the man (who) helps me. 缺少主语
解题步骤：A.找先行词 B.将先行词带入从句。
3．指物：先行词为指物的名词或代词。which，在从句中充当主语和宾语
He found the bike which he lost yesterday .
4.that既可指人又可指物，在从句中充当主语或宾语．可替代 who,whom,which.
5.关系代词使用注意事项：
①必用that的情况：最高级、序数词、不定代词等表唯一，人和物避免重复。
a．先行词中含有最高级时：
This is the best teacher that I have ever seen.
b．先行词中含有序数词时:
He is the second person that helps me.
c．先行词中含有不定代词时：
不定代词：
no (a) few some many all ＋复合不定代词
none (a) little any much every
d．先行词中含有表示唯一的词时:
the only, the one, the very, the just.
e．先行词中既有人又有物时:
They are Linda and her book that are popular with us.
f. 先行词所在的主句中出现了疑问词who,which用，避免重复。
Who is the man that you talked with Just now.
②两不用that的情况：
a．前有介词时：
This is the house in which I live.
b．前有逗号时：
She sent me a cake, which made me happy.
5. whose,指人的或物的，相当于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
......的，后必须有名词且先行词与后面的名词为所属关系。
I know the boy whose parents live in England.
五．引导词 关系副词，在从句中作状语。
1．先行词为时间状语，用when＝介词＋which.
I never forget the days which we spent together.
I never forget the days when/on which we worked together.
2．先行词为地点时，用where＝介词＋which
This is the village where /in which I was born.
This is the village which we visited last year.
3．先行词为原因时．用why=for+which
This is the reason why he was late.
This is the reason which he gives.
☆做题技巧：判断用关系代词还是关系副词
将先行词带入从句中:
若成立，不缺少介词，则用关系代词．
若不成立，缺少介词则用关系剥词 when, where,why。
六、变定语从句的步骤：
一找：找出两句中相同的部分．
二删：刚掉第二句中相同的部分．
三替：用引导词替代被删掉的部分，并放在句首．
四放；把替换后的句子放在先行词之后。
This is my bike.
I lost it yesterday.
This is the bike which / that I lost yesterday.
七、高中定语从句强化训练题（含详细解析）
一、单项选择题（15 题）
We are looking for the girl ______ lost her schoolbag in the library.
A. who B. which C. what D. whose
The man ______ you talked with at the gate is our new math teacher.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. what
This is the most interesting story ______ I have ever read.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
I will never forget the teachers and lessons ______ influenced my life deeply.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
Is there anything ______ you want to buy in the supermarket
A. which B. that C. who D. what
He is the only student ______ can solve this difficult problem.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
This is the house ______ my grandparents lived for 50 years.
A. where B. which C. that D. who
I know the boy ______ parents are both doctors in the hospital.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
I still remember the time ______ we spent together in the countryside.
A. when B. which C. where D. why
The reason ______ she gave up the job is that she wanted to study abroad.
A. why B. which C. what D. where
The pen ______ he writes every day is a birthday gift from his father.
A. which B. with which C. that D. where
She passed the exam, ______ made her parents very proud.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
The museum ______ we visited last weekend has a long history.
A. where B. which C. when D. why
There’s no doubt that the book ______ you lent me is very useful.
A. what B. which C. who D. whose
The building ______ windows face south is our school library.
A. which B. that C. whose D. where
二、句型转换题（5 题）
将下列两组简单句合并为含定语从句的复合句，遵循 “找 - 删 - 替 - 放” 四步。
① This is the doctor. ② He saved my mother’s life.
① I visited a city. ② Its history dates back to the Tang Dynasty.
① She gave me a dictionary. ② I lost the dictionary yesterday.
① We will never forget the day. ② We met our head teacher for the first time on that day.
① This is the reason. ② He was late for class for this reason.
三、改错题（5 题）
找出下列句子中的定语从句错误并改正，说明错误原因。
This is the book what I bought from the bookstore yesterday.
He is the student which won the first prize in the English competition.
The village where we visited last summer is very beautiful.
This is the best film which I have seen this year.
I know the girl who her father is a famous writer.
八、详细解析
一、单项选择题
答案：A
解析：先行词 the girl（指人），从句缺主语，根据讲义 “指人时 who 在从句中作主语”，故选 A；which 指物，what 不能引导定语从句，whose 表所属，均不符合。
答案：B
解析：先行词 the man（指人），从句缺宾语（talked with sb.），whom 专门用于指人且作宾语，符合讲义 “whom 在从句中充当宾语”；who 可作主语 / 宾语，但选项中 whom 更精准，故选 B。
答案：C
解析：先行词 story 被最高级 the most interesting 修饰，根据讲义 “必用 that 的情况 a：先行词含最高级”，故选 C；which 不能用于最高级后，排除 A。
答案：B
解析：先行词为 teachers（人）和 lessons（物），根据讲义 “必用 that 的情况 e：先行词既有人又有物”，故选 B；which 仅指物，who 仅指人，均不符合。
答案：B
解析：先行词 anything 为不定代词，根据讲义 “必用 that 的情况 c：先行词含不定代词”，故选 B；which 不能用于不定代词后，排除 A。
答案：C
解析：先行词 student 被 the only 修饰，根据讲义 “必用 that 的情况 d：先行词含表示唯一的词”，故选 C；who 虽可指人，但此处需遵循 “必用 that” 规则。
答案：A
解析：先行词 the house，将其带入从句：my grandparents lived ______ the house，缺介词 in（live in sp.），根据讲义 “缺介词用关系副词 where”，where=in which，故选 A；which/that 为关系代词，需从句完整（不缺介词），此处不成立。
答案：C
解析：从句中 parents 与先行词 the boy 为所属关系（男孩的父母），根据讲义 “whose 表人 / 物的所属，后接名词”，故选 C；who/whom 指人，which 指物，均无所属含义。
答案：B
解析：先行词 the time，带入从句：we spent ______ the time，句子完整（spend time），不缺介词，根据讲义 “不缺介词用关系代词”，故选 which/that；when 为关系副词，需缺介词（如 we played during the time→when=during which），此处不符合。
答案：B
解析：先行词 the reason，带入从句：she gave up the job ______ the reason，句子完整（gave the reason），不缺介词，故用关系代词 which；why 用于 “缺介词 for” 的情况（如 the reason ______ he was late→why=for which），此处从句缺宾语，故选 B。
答案：B
解析：从句中 writes 后缺介词 with（write with a pen），根据讲义 “前有介词时不用 that”，故用 with which（=with the pen）；which 单独使用需从句不缺介词，此处不成立，故选 B。
答案：B
解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，根据讲义 “前有逗号时不用 that”，先行词为整个主句（她通过考试），指物，故选 which；that 不能用于非限制性定语从句，排除 A。
答案：B
解析：先行词 the museum，带入从句：we visited ______ the museum，句子完整（visit sp.），不缺介词，故用关系代词 which；where 为关系副词，需缺介词（如 we worked in the museum→where=in which），此处不符合。
答案：B
解析：先行词 the book（指物），从句缺宾语（lent me sth.），根据讲义 “指物用 which/that”，故选 B；what 不能引导定语从句，排除 A；who 指人，whose 表所属，均不符合。
答案：C
解析：从句中 windows 与先行词 the building 为所属关系（建筑的窗户），根据讲义 “whose 后接名词表所属”，故选 C；which/that 无所属含义，where 为关系副词，均不符合。
二、句型转换题
答案：This is the doctor who/that saved my mother’s life.
解析：①找相同部分：the doctor 和 He；②删第二句的 He；③用 who/that 替代 He；④将从句放先行词 the doctor 后。
答案：I visited a city whose history dates back to the Tang Dynasty.
解析：①找相同部分：a city 和 Its；②删第二句的 Its；③用 whose 替代 Its（表所属）；④将从句放先行词 a city 后。
答案：She gave me the dictionary which/that I lost yesterday.
解析：①找相同部分：a dictionary 和 the dictionary；②删第二句的 the dictionary；③用 which/that 替代；④将从句放先行词 the dictionary 后（注意：原第一句 a dictionary 需改为 the dictionary，特指 “丢失的那本”）。
答案：We will never forget the day when/on which we met our head teacher for the first time.
解析：①找相同部分：the day 和 that day；②删第二句的 that day；③用 when/on which 替代（带入从句：met...on the day，缺介词 on，故用关系副词 when）；④将从句放先行词 the day 后。
答案：This is the reason why/for which he was late for class.
解析：①找相同部分：the reason 和 this reason；②删第二句的 this reason；③用 why/for which 替代（带入从句：was late for...for the reason，缺介词 for，故用关系副词 why）；④将从句放先行词 the reason 后。
三、改错题
错误：what → 改正：that/which
解析：根据讲义 “定语从句引导词不可能为 what”，先行词 the book（指物），从句缺宾语，故用 that/which。
错误：which → 改正：who/that
解析：先行词 the student（指人），从句缺主语，根据讲义 “指人作主语用 who/that”，which 仅指物，故错误。
错误：where → 改正：which/that
解析：先行词 the village，带入从句：we visited ______ the village，句子完整（visit sp.），不缺介词，需用关系代词 which/that；where 为关系副词，用于 “缺介词” 的情况，此处误用。
错误：which → 改正：that
解析：先行词 film 被最高级 the best 修饰，根据讲义 “必用 that 的情况 a”，不能用 which，故改正。
错误：who her → 改正：whose
解析：从句中 her father 与先行词 the girl 为所属关系，根据讲义 “whose 表所属，后接名词”，需用 whose 替代 who her，正确表达为 “the girl whose father”。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
高中英语语法定语从句：全方位复习+强化训练
一、定语：修饰限定名词（位置：短前长后）。
二、定语从句：一个句子充当定语。
三、定语从句结构：
主句＋先行词＋引导词＋定语从句。
This is the boy who I saw yesterday.
四、引导词——关系代词（在句中做宾语时可看略）
1．定从引导词不可能为what。
2．指人：先行词为指人的名词或代词时。
who 在从句中充当主语和宾语。
whom 在从句中充当宾语。
This is the man (who / whom）. 缺宾语
This is the man (who) helps me. 缺少主语
解题步骤：A.找先行词 B.将先行词带入从句。
3．指物：先行词为指物的名词或代词。which，在从句中充当主语和宾语
He found the bike which he lost yesterday .
4.that既可指人又可指物，在从句中充当主语或宾语．可替代 who,whom,which.
5.关系代词使用注意事项：
①必用that的情况：最高级、序数词、不定代词等表唯一，人和物避免重复。
a．先行词中含有最高级时：
This is the best teacher that I have ever seen.
b．先行词中含有序数词时:
He is the second person that helps me.
c．先行词中含有不定代词时：
不定代词：
no (a) few some many all ＋复合不定代词
none (a) little any much every
d．先行词中含有表示唯一的词时:
the only, the one, the very, the just.
e．先行词中既有人又有物时:
They are Linda and her book that are popular with us.
f. 先行词所在的主句中出现了疑问词who,which用，避免重复。
Who is the man that you talked with Just now.
②两不用that的情况：
a．前有介词时：
This is the house in which I live.
b．前有逗号时：
She sent me a cake, which made me happy.
5. whose,指人的或物的，相当于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
......的，后必须有名词且先行词与后面的名词为所属关系。
I know the boy whose parents live in England.
五．引导词 关系副词，在从句中作状语。
1．先行词为时间状语，用when＝介词＋which.
I never forget the days which we spent together.
I never forget the days when/on which we worked together.
2．先行词为地点时，用where＝介词＋which
This is the village where /in which I was born.
This is the village which we visited last year.
3．先行词为原因时．用why=for+which
This is the reason why he was late.
This is the reason which he gives.
☆做题技巧：判断用关系代词还是关系副词
将先行词带入从句中:
若成立，不缺少介词，则用关系代词．
若不成立，缺少介词则用关系剥词 when, where,why。
六、变定语从句的步骤：
一找：找出两句中相同的部分．
二删：刚掉第二句中相同的部分．
三替：用引导词替代被删掉的部分，并放在句首．
四放；把替换后的句子放在先行词之后。
This is my bike.
I lost it yesterday.
This is the bike which / that I lost yesterday.
七、高中定语从句强化训练题（含详细解析）
一、单项选择题（15 题）
We are looking for the girl ______ lost her schoolbag in the library.
A. who B. which C. what D. whose
The man ______ you talked with at the gate is our new math teacher.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. what
This is the most interesting story ______ I have ever read.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
I will never forget the teachers and lessons ______ influenced my life deeply.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
Is there anything ______ you want to buy in the supermarket
A. which B. that C. who D. what
He is the only student ______ can solve this difficult problem.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
This is the house ______ my grandparents lived for 50 years.
A. where B. which C. that D. who
I know the boy ______ parents are both doctors in the hospital.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
I still remember the time ______ we spent together in the countryside.
A. when B. which C. where D. why
The reason ______ she gave up the job is that she wanted to study abroad.
A. why B. which C. what D. where
The pen ______ he writes every day is a birthday gift from his father.
A. which B. with which C. that D. where
She passed the exam, ______ made her parents very proud.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
The museum ______ we visited last weekend has a long history.
A. where B. which C. when D. why
There’s no doubt that the book ______ you lent me is very useful.
A. what B. which C. who D. whose
The building ______ windows face south is our school library.
A. which B. that C. whose D. where
二、句型转换题（5 题）
将下列两组简单句合并为含定语从句的复合句，遵循 “找 - 删 - 替 - 放” 四步。
① This is the doctor. ② He saved my mother’s life.
① I visited a city. ② Its history dates back to the Tang Dynasty.
① She gave me a dictionary. ② I lost the dictionary yesterday.
① We will never forget the day. ② We met our head teacher for the first time on that day.
① This is the reason. ② He was late for class for this reason.
三、改错题（5 题）
找出下列句子中的定语从句错误并改正，说明错误原因。
This is the book what I bought from the bookstore yesterday.
He is the student which won the first prize in the English competition.
The village where we visited last summer is very beautiful.
This is the best film which I have seen this year.
I know the girl who her father is a famous writer.
八、详细解析
一、单项选择题
答案：A
解析：先行词 the girl（指人），从句缺主语，根据讲义 “指人时 who 在从句中作主语”，故选 A；which 指物，what 不能引导定语从句，whose 表所属，均不符合。
答案：B
解析：先行词 the man（指人），从句缺宾语（talked with sb.），whom 专门用于指人且作宾语，符合讲义 “whom 在从句中充当宾语”；who 可作主语 / 宾语，但选项中 whom 更精准，故选 B。
答案：C
解析：先行词 story 被最高级 the most interesting 修饰，根据讲义 “必用 that 的情况 a：先行词含最高级”，故选 C；which 不能用于最高级后，排除 A。
答案：B
解析：先行词为 teachers（人）和 lessons（物），根据讲义 “必用 that 的情况 e：先行词既有人又有物”，故选 B；which 仅指物，who 仅指人，均不符合。
答案：B
解析：先行词 anything 为不定代词，根据讲义 “必用 that 的情况 c：先行词含不定代词”，故选 B；which 不能用于不定代词后，排除 A。
答案：C
解析：先行词 student 被 the only 修饰，根据讲义 “必用 that 的情况 d：先行词含表示唯一的词”，故选 C；who 虽可指人，但此处需遵循 “必用 that” 规则。
答案：A
解析：先行词 the house，将其带入从句：my grandparents lived ______ the house，缺介词 in（live in sp.），根据讲义 “缺介词用关系副词 where”，where=in which，故选 A；which/that 为关系代词，需从句完整（不缺介词），此处不成立。
答案：C
解析：从句中 parents 与先行词 the boy 为所属关系（男孩的父母），根据讲义 “whose 表人 / 物的所属，后接名词”，故选 C；who/whom 指人，which 指物，均无所属含义。
答案：B
解析：先行词 the time，带入从句：we spent ______ the time，句子完整（spend time），不缺介词，根据讲义 “不缺介词用关系代词”，故选 which/that；when 为关系副词，需缺介词（如 we played during the time→when=during which），此处不符合。
答案：B
解析：先行词 the reason，带入从句：she gave up the job ______ the reason，句子完整（gave the reason），不缺介词，故用关系代词 which；why 用于 “缺介词 for” 的情况（如 the reason ______ he was late→why=for which），此处从句缺宾语，故选 B。
答案：B
解析：从句中 writes 后缺介词 with（write with a pen），根据讲义 “前有介词时不用 that”，故用 with which（=with the pen）；which 单独使用需从句不缺介词，此处不成立，故选 B。
答案：B
解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，根据讲义 “前有逗号时不用 that”，先行词为整个主句（她通过考试），指物，故选 which；that 不能用于非限制性定语从句，排除 A。
答案：B
解析：先行词 the museum，带入从句：we visited ______ the museum，句子完整（visit sp.），不缺介词，故用关系代词 which；where 为关系副词，需缺介词（如 we worked in the museum→where=in which），此处不符合。
答案：B
解析：先行词 the book（指物），从句缺宾语（lent me sth.），根据讲义 “指物用 which/that”，故选 B；what 不能引导定语从句，排除 A；who 指人，whose 表所属，均不符合。
答案：C
解析：从句中 windows 与先行词 the building 为所属关系（建筑的窗户），根据讲义 “whose 后接名词表所属”，故选 C；which/that 无所属含义，where 为关系副词，均不符合。
二、句型转换题
答案：This is the doctor who/that saved my mother’s life.
解析：①找相同部分：the doctor 和 He；②删第二句的 He；③用 who/that 替代 He；④将从句放先行词 the doctor 后。
答案：I visited a city whose history dates back to the Tang Dynasty.
解析：①找相同部分：a city 和 Its；②删第二句的 Its；③用 whose 替代 Its（表所属）；④将从句放先行词 a city 后。
答案：She gave me the dictionary which/that I lost yesterday.
解析：①找相同部分：a dictionary 和 the dictionary；②删第二句的 the dictionary；③用 which/that 替代；④将从句放先行词 the dictionary 后（注意：原第一句 a dictionary 需改为 the dictionary，特指 “丢失的那本”）。
答案：We will never forget the day when/on which we met our head teacher for the first time.
解析：①找相同部分：the day 和 that day；②删第二句的 that day；③用 when/on which 替代（带入从句：met...on the day，缺介词 on，故用关系副词 when）；④将从句放先行词 the day 后。
答案：This is the reason why/for which he was late for class.
解析：①找相同部分：the reason 和 this reason；②删第二句的 this reason；③用 why/for which 替代（带入从句：was late for...for the reason，缺介词 for，故用关系副词 why）；④将从句放先行词 the reason 后。
三、改错题
错误：what → 改正：that/which
解析：根据讲义 “定语从句引导词不可能为 what”，先行词 the book（指物），从句缺宾语，故用 that/which。
错误：which → 改正：who/that
解析：先行词 the student（指人），从句缺主语，根据讲义 “指人作主语用 who/that”，which 仅指物，故错误。
错误：where → 改正：which/that
解析：先行词 the village，带入从句：we visited ______ the village，句子完整（visit sp.），不缺介词，需用关系代词 which/that；where 为关系副词，用于 “缺介词” 的情况，此处误用。
错误：which → 改正：that
解析：先行词 film 被最高级 the best 修饰，根据讲义 “必用 that 的情况 a”，不能用 which，故改正。
错误：who her → 改正：whose
解析：从句中 her father 与先行词 the girl 为所属关系，根据讲义 “whose 表所属，后接名词”，需用 whose 替代 who her，正确表达为 “the girl whose father”。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)