高考英语专题复习课件-特殊句式-强调句、倒装句

(共42张PPT)
强调句和倒装句
一、强调句
1. 强调句概述
2. 强调句类型
3. 精题演练
强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了 表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。
通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。
英语常用的强调结构是“It is (was)+被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+who (that)+剩余部分”。
一般说来，被强调部分指人时用who，指物时用that，但that也可以指人。
1. 强调句概述
结构：“It is (was)+被强调部分+who (that)+句子的剩余部分”
例句：My mother threw an egg at Mr. Li in the market yesterday.
① It was my mother that/who threw an egg at Mr. Li in the market yesterday.
昨天在市场里朝李先生扔鸡蛋的是我妈妈。
② It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li in the market yesterday.
昨天在市场里我妈妈朝李先生扔的是一个鸡蛋。
③ It was Mr. Li that/who my mother threw an egg at in the market yesterday.
昨天在市场里我妈妈是朝李先生扔的鸡蛋。
④It was in the market that my mother threw an egg at Mr. Li yesterday.
昨天我妈妈朝李先生扔鸡蛋是在市场里。
⑤ It was yesterday that my mother threw an egg at Mr. Li in the market .
在市场里我妈妈朝李先生扔鸡蛋是在昨天。
一、陈述句的强调句型
2. 强调句类型
1. 被强调的部分指人时，用who或that
It was the headteacher who/that walked by. 走过去的是校长。
2.被强调部分指物时，要用that。
It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li yesterday. 昨天我妈妈向李先生扔的是鸡蛋。
3.被强调部分是状语时，也只能用that，不能用when或where。
强调地点状语
It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 我昨天是在火车站遇到了李明。
强调时间状语
It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 我是昨天在火车站遇到了李明。
一、陈述句的强调句型
结构：Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that/who+剩余部分？
1. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping 他是昨天见的李萍吗？
2. Is it the book that you give me 这是你给我的那本书吗？
二、一般疑问句的强调句型
3. Was the meeting held in the classroom → _________________________________________
4. Did you meet him last week → _________________________________________
5. Were they playing football on the playground → _________________________________________
Was it in the classroom that the meeting was held
Was it last week that you met him
Was it on the playground that they were playing football
结构：
被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was+ it+that/who+剩余部分？
Where was it that you were born 你出生的地点在哪里？
Where is it that you find the book 你在哪里找到的这本书？
三、特殊疑问句的强调句型
3. Who broke the vase →
____________________________________
4. How do you come to the party → _______________________________________
5.What were you doing when the teacher came into the classroom → _____________________________________________________________
_____________
Who was it that broke the vase
How is it that you come to the party
What was it that you were doing when the teacher came into the classroom
四、not…until…句型的强调句
→变为强调句：It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.
直到他的母亲回来，他才上床睡觉。
结构：It is/was not until +被强调部分+that+剩余部分
He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. 直到他的母亲回来，他才上床睡觉。
1. The boy didn’t fall asleep until 11:00 last night.→ __________________________________________________
2. We didn’t recognize her until she took off her glasses.→ _________________________________________________________
3. We didn’t come back home until last night.→ __________________________________________
It was not until 11:00 last night that the boy fell asleep.
It was not until she took off her glasses that we recognized her.
It was not until last night that we came back.
强调谓语动词时，结构为：助动词do/does或did+动词原形
在英语中，对谓语动词进行强调可以通过在谓语动词前加助动词do，does或did来实现，通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
1. He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
2. They do study very hard. 他们学习确实非常努力。
3. He does look forward to knowing more about her. 他非常期盼去更多了解她。
4. I do need your advice on this problem. 我确实需要你对这个问题的建议。
5. She does love reading novels every night. 她的确每晚都爱读小说。
6. He did warn you about the risks, didn’t he 他确实警告过你风险，不是吗？
7. We did prepare thoroughly for the exam. 我们确实为考试做了充分准备。
8. I do hope you’ll consider my proposal. 我真心希望你能考虑我的提议。
五、谓语动词的强调
注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式，后面的谓语动词必须用原形。
9. They do appreciate your efforts, even if they don’t say it.
他们确实感激你的努力，即使不说出来。
10. I do believe you will be impressed with Montreal, a great city with wonderful sights.
我真地相信你会对蒙特利尔印象深刻，这是一个有着美妙风景的城市。
11. We do hope you will come and join us.
我们真希望你能来参加我们的聚会。
12. The children do cherish the precious learning opportunity.
孩子们确实很珍惜这宝贵的学习机会。
13. He did apologize for his mistake, but it was too late.
他确实为自己的错误道歉了，但为时已晚。
五、谓语动词的强调
注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式，后面的谓语动词必须用原形。
一、强调主语
1.It is the students who/that should take the initiative in learning.
（是学生们应该在学习中采取主动。）
2.It is the teacher who/that plays a crucial role in our growth.
（是老师在我们的成长中起着至关重要的作用。）
二、强调宾语
3.It is his courage that inspires us. 激励我们的是他的勇气。
4.It is their friendship that warms our hearts. 温暖我们心灵的是他们的友谊。
三、强调状语
5.It was by reading books that I broadened my horizons.
（是通过读书我拓宽了视野。）
6.It is with the help of my friends that I overcame the difficulties.
（是在我朋友的帮助下我克服了困难。）
四、强调谓语
7.Do remember that it is study hard that we should advocate.
（一定要记住我们应该提倡的是努力学习。）
8.She does love her family deeply. 她对她的家人确实是深深的爱。
五、结合情感、品质等强调
1.It is his perseverance that enables him to achieve his dream.
（是他的毅力使他能够实现他的梦想。）
2.It is her optimism that brightens up everyone around her.
（是她的乐观使她周围的每个人都充满活力。）
3.It is their loyalty that makes their friendship last forever.
（是他们的忠诚使他们的友谊永远持续下去。）
4.It is his determination and courage that help him overcome all obstacles.
（是他的决心和勇气帮助他克服了所有的障碍。）
5.It is her creativity and innovation that bring new ideas to the team.
（是她的创造力和创新为团队带来了新的想法。）
六、用于场景描写强调
1.It is the beautiful sunset that paints the sky in glorious colors.
（是美丽的日落把天空染成了绚丽的色彩。）
2.It is the gentle breeze that brings relief on a hot day.
（是轻柔的微风在炎热的日子里带来了凉爽。）
3.It is the sound of waves crashing on the shore that soothes our soul.
（是海浪拍打海岸的声音抚慰着我们的灵魂。）
4.It is the blooming flowers that add charm to the garden.
（是盛开的花朵为花园增添了魅力。）
5.It is the colorful leaves in autumn that make the scenery breathtaking.（是秋天五彩斑斓的树叶使景色令人惊叹。）
6.It is the rising sun that heralds a new day.
（是初升的太阳预示着新的一天。）
7.It is the peaceful countryside that offers a haven from the hustle and bustle of the city.
（是宁静的乡村为我们提供了一个远离城市喧嚣的避风港。）
七、结合人物动作、事件强调
1.It was when he stepped forward bravely that everyone realized his courage.
（是当他勇敢地向前迈出一步时，大家才意识到他的勇气。）
2.It is by taking action immediately that we can seize the opportunity.
（是通过立即采取行动我们才能抓住机会。）
3.It is after making a difficult decision that he grew as a person.
（是在做出一个艰难的决定后他才成长为一个人。）
4.It is when they worked together tirelessly that they achieved their goal.
（是当他们不知疲倦地一起工作时他们才实现了他们的目标。）
5.It is in the face of adversity that we show our true strength.
（是在面对逆境时我们才展现出我们真正的力量。）
精题演练
03
1. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that makes her unhappy as before
A. what it is
C. how it is
B. it is what
D. it is how
参考答案：A
解析：考查强调句型和宾语从句的引导词。
句意“她看上去很难过。你能告诉我什么使她不如以前高兴了？”
本题含有强调 句型，若把It is----that去掉，则很容易地看出what引导的宾语 从句，what在从句中充当主语。而强调句型强调该主语，为陈述语序，故结构为what it is that…，故选A。
精题演练
2. It was in the school _____ he had studied _____ he began the important experiment.
A. that; where
C. where; that
B. in which; which
D. where; in which
参考答案：C
解析：考查强调句与定语从句。句意“就是在他曾经上过学的那所学校里，他开始了这项重要的实验。
”It was in the school_____ he began the important experiment.这是个强调句，强调地 点，学校，而in the school又跟着一个定语从句，缺少状语，用 where来引导，故选C项。
精题演练
二、倒装句
1. 倒装句概述
2. 倒装句的类型
3. 倒装句的用法
为了强调、突出句子某一部分而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。
英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是主语在前，谓语在后，称为自然语序；另一种是谓语的一部分或谓语的全部在前，主语在后，称为倒装语序。
01. 倒装句概述
将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为全部倒装。
Under the table sleeps a white cat. 在桌子下面睡着一只白色的猫。
一、全部倒装
二、部分倒装
只将助动词、情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。
1.Never did I see him again. 后来我再也没见到过他了。
2.Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。
3.Hardly do I think it possible to finish the work before dark.
我认为在天黑之前完成这项工作是不可能的。
02. 倒装句的类型
03. 倒装句的用法
1. There be句型表示存在时要倒装。此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替。
1.There are three books on the desk. 桌上有三本书。
2.There is a cup and two books on the desk. 桌上有一个茶杯和两本书。
2. Here/There/Now/Then/Thus＋不及物动词＋名词
1.Be quick! Here comes the bus. 快点！车来了！
2.There goes the bell. 铃响了。
一、全部倒装
若主语为人称代词，可以不用倒装。
There he comes. 他来了。
3. 表地点、方位的副词Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物动词＋名词
若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。
1. Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出来。
2. Away they went. 他们走了。
4. 介词短语(表地点)＋不及物动词＋主语。不及物动词be， sit，live，stand，run，come等。
1. Near the bridge was an old cottage. 在桥的附近有一幢古老的小茅舍。
2. In the middle of our school stands a high building. 在学校中央有一座高楼。
一、全部倒装
5. 表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
1.Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.女性被看轻的日子已经过去了。
2.Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 坐在第一排的是先进工人。
6. Such＋be＋主语
Such are the facts；no one can deny them. 事实就是如此；没有人可以否认。
7. 当直接引语的一部分或者全部位于句首时，引述分句的主语又是名词或名词短语。
.“What shall we do ” said the teacher. “我们该做什么呢 ”老师说。
. “Great!” said my father. “I’ll go there.” “好极了！”我父亲说，“我将到那里去。”
一、全部倒装
注意：如果直接引语全部放在句首, 引述句的主语是人称代词, 那么就仍然用自然语序。
“I can't speak French.”, he said.
他说：“我不会说法语”。
Practice:
1) Within the park________ (lie) the farm.
2) At the foot of the mountain _________ a small village.
3) There_________ a boy I have never seen before.
4) At the back of the classroom ______(sit)some parents, _______came here for some reason.
5) On the top of the mountain_______ (stand) a temple, ________there are 3 monks.
6) ________ on the blackboard is today’s homework.(write)
7) Seated before us ______all the parents. ( is/are/has/have)
lies
lies
stands
sat
who
stands
where
Written
are
(1) 用在以so，nor，neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样、也这样”；nor，neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。
They can leave now, so can we.
He didn't see the film last night, neither did she.
注意：如果后面的句子只是重复前面的句子的意思，且前后主语相同。尽管是用so开头，语序也不用倒装。
—Lily is a good teacher.
—So she is.
二、部分倒装
注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：
It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。
She does well in English, but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.
她英语学得好，但数学学得差，露茜也是如此。
Anna likes playing basketball and dislikes eating hamburgers. It is the same with me.
安娜喜欢打篮球，不喜欢吃汉堡包。我也一样。
二、部分倒装
(2) 否定意义或否定形式的词或词组放在句首时，应采用部 分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。这类词或词组有seldom, little, few, hardly, never, rarely, scarcely, not a bit(一点也 不), no, not, not only…but also, not until(直到……才), hardly…when，at no time(从不), no sooner…than(一…就), by no means(决不), in no case(决不), in vain(无效，没有用), on no condition(决不)等。
Hardly did he see me when he ran away. 他一看到我就跑了。
Not only is he a scientist, but also he is a painter. 他不仅是一个科学家，也是一个画家。
Few students did he see in the classroom. 他在教室里没看到几个学生。
Hardly had I fallen asleep when a knock at/on the door woke me up.我一睡着，一阵敲门声就把我吵醒了。
Not until he failed did he realize the importance of English. 直到失败他才认识到英语的重要性。
二、部分倒装
(3)若only修饰的副词、介词短语或从句作状语位于句首， 就要用部分倒装。
如不在句首或虽在句首但only不修饰状语则用正常语序。
1. Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力才能成功。
2. Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有用这种方法，我们才能把英语学好。
3. Only then did I understand what he meant.只有那时我才明白他的意思。
4. Only after finishing your homework can you watch TV. 只有完成作业后你才能看电视。
5. Only in the countryside can you enjoy such a peaceful life.
只有在农村你才能享受如此宁静的生活。
6. Only with your help could I finish the task on time.
只有在你的帮助下，我才能按时完成任务。
二、部分倒装
7. Only yesterday did she tell me the truth. 只是在昨天她才告诉我真相。
8. Only if you follow the rules will you be allowed to stay.
只有遵守规则，你才会被允许留下。
9. Only after the rain stopped did we start our journey.
只有雨停了我们才开始我们的旅程。
10. Only when you work hard will you succeed.
只有当你努力工作时，你才会成功。
二、部分倒装
1. Only my dog knows this. 只有我的狗知道这个。
2. Only I can go there. 只有我才能去那里。
(4)as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)
1. 动词原形+as+主语+助动词/情态动词
Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.尽管我用尽力气，我还是举不起这块石头。
2. 形容词+as+主语+系动词
Young as he is, he is considerate. 尽管他年纪小，他却考虑周全。
3. 名词（不能加任何冠词）+as+主语+系动词be
King as he was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。
4. 副词+as+主语+谓语动词
Heavily as it rained, we had to do it.虽然雨下的很大，但是我们必须完成它。
二、部分倒装
(5) 在so...that，such...that句型中，当so，such引导的结构置于句首时要用部分倒装。
So fantastic will the party be that I hope you won’t miss it.
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken.
Such a humorous singer is Joker that we all admire him.
(6) 用于某些表示“感叹、祝愿”等语气的句子里。
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
Isn’t it cold! 天气真冷！
二、部分倒装
（7）如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓语有系动词were，助动词 had或情态动词should，
可省去if把were, had或should移到主语 之前。
(1) If it hadn’t been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
→Hadn’t it been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
要不是有他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那项工作。
If there should be a flood, what would we do
→Should there be a flood, what would we do 要是发了洪水，我们该怎么办呢？
(3) If you were a fish, the cat would eat you.
→Were you a fish, the cat would eat you. 如果你是一只鱼，猫将会吃掉你。
(4) If god were to help me, I would succeed.
→ Were god to help me, I would succeed. 假如上帝帮助我，我就会成功。
二、部分倒装
带虚拟条件句的复合句 时间 if从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 did/were(was) would/should/could/ might do
与过去事实相反 had done/been would/should/could/ might have done
将来不可能/可能性很小 did/were would/should/could/ might do
were to do should do 倒装句和强调句的写作好句型：
1.旅行不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且帮助我们开阔眼界。
Not only does travel give us a chance to get close to nature, but（also）helps us broaden our horizons.
2.只有用这种方法我们才能与大自然和谐相处。
Only in this way can we live in harmony with nature.
3. 只有当政府与公民携手，我们才能生活在一片蓝天下。
Only when the government joins hands with citizens can we live under the blue sky.
4. 直到他失败, 他才意识到英语的重要性。
It was until he failed that he realized the importance of studying English.
04. 精题演练
1. There . And here .
goes the phone; she comes.
is the phone going; is she
does the phone go; does she come
the phone goes; come she
参考答案：A
解析：考查全部倒装和句子成分。句意“电话响了。她来了。” 地点副词there/here位于句子开头，如果句子的主语是名词，则 句子用全部倒装；如果句子的主语是人称代词，则句子不用倒 装。分析句子结构，第一句的主语是the phone，用全部倒装； 第二句的主语是she，不用倒装。故选A。
精题演练
2.Only when he reached the tea-house _____ it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realized
C. realized he
B. he did realize
D. did he realize
参考答案：D
解析：考查部分倒装。句意：当他走到茶馆时，才意识到这正 是他去年去过的地方。only位于句首，修饰状语从句时，主句 应用部分倒装，即是把助动词/情态动词/be动词置于主语前。 故选D。
精题演练
3.China’s development can't continue without lawmakers, nor
move forward without scientists.
A. it can
C. can't it
B. can it
D. it can't
参考答案：B
解析：考查倒装句。句意“中国的发展离不开立法者，也离不 开科学家。”当so/neither/nor位于句首时，表示“也、也不”， 可将其后与前面重复的谓语部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。 此处将can提前到主语之前，故选B。
精题演练
4.When we Chinese need help in a foreign land, at our back _____ a strong motherland.
A. will stand
C. is standing
B. stands
D. stood
参考答案：B
解析：考查倒装句用法。句意“当我们中国人在国外需要帮助 的时候，记得我们身后永远站着我们强大的祖国。”正常语序： a strong motherland stands at our back。并且该句为陈述事实， 故用一般现在时；当表示时间、地点、方位的词放在句首时， 句子需完全倒装。即把谓语动词提前。故选B。
精题演练
5. I’ve tried hard to improve my English. But by no means _____ with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied
B. is the teacher not satisfied
D. is the teacher satisfied
参考答案：D
解析：考查部分倒装。句意“我努力提高我的英语水平。但是 老师对我的进步一点也不满意。”否定短语by no means放于句 首表示强调时，句子应进行部分倒装，而且不应再在句中加入 否定词not，故选D项。
精题演练
Thank you!