Unit 2 English around the world
The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes(部落)who invaded(侵略)Britain during the 5th century.
Old English
The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages，which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English.Old English didn't sound or look like English today.Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English speakers.However，about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots.
Middle English
In 1066，the Norman invaded and conquered England.They also brought with them a kind of French，which became the language of the ruling and business classes.For a period，the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French.In the 14th century，English________ in Britain again，with many French words added.This language is called Middle English.
Late Modern English
The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary.Late Modern English has many more words，resulting from two main
factors：firstly，technology development created a need for new words；secondly，the British Empire at its height converted one quarter of the earth's surface，and the English language used foreign words from many countries.
Now there are many other varieties of English in the world，such as Australian English，New Zealand English，Canadian English，South African English，Indian English and Caribbean English.
【词海拾贝】
1．arrival n．到达
2．period n．时期，阶段
3．class n．阶层
4．result from 因……发生；随……产生
5．create v. 生产；制造
【问题思考】
1．The main idea of the text is _____________________________.
答案：the history of the English language
2．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words.
_______________________________________________________
答案：became a main language
3．What's the main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English?
_______________________________________________________
答案：Vocabulary.
Ⅰ.将单词与其正确释义配对
1．official adj. A．本身；本体；身份
2．native adj.&n. B．常常；频繁地
3．actually adv. C．官方的；正式的；公务的
4．base vt. & n. D．逐渐地；逐步地
5．gradually adv. E．流利的；流畅的
6．vocabulary n. F．以……为根据；基部；基地；基础
7．spelling n. G．拼写；拼法
8．identity n. H．本国的；本地的；本地人；本国人
9．fluent adj. I．实际上；事实上
10．frequently adv. J．词汇；词汇量；词表
答案：1.C 2.H 3.I 4.F 5.D 6.J 7.G 8.A
9．E 10.B
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词
1．________adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的
2．________n. 航行；航海
3．________adj. 本国的；本地的 n．本国人；本地人
4．________adv. 事实上；实际上
5．________vt. 以……为根据 n．基部；基础；基地
6．________adj. 逐渐的；逐步的
________adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
7．________adj. 较后的；(两者中)后者的；后半的
8．________n. 本身；本体；身份
9．________adj. 流利的；流畅的
________adv. 流利地；流畅地
10．________adj. 频繁的；常见的
________adv. 常常；频繁地
答案：1.official 2.voyage 3.native 4.actually
5．base 6.gradual gradually 7.latter 8.identity
9．fluent fluently 10.frequent frequently
Ⅲ.根据英语释义写出下列单词
1．________：tell/ask sb to do sth
2．________：an act of asking for sth especially politely
3．________：the act of expressing；showing of feelings，
opinions
4．________：of，from or living in the east part of the world or of a specified region
5．________：know again one has seen，heard or experienced
6．________：truck
7．________：the emphasis that you should give to part of a word when saying it
8．________：without a bend or curve；one person is honest，
truthful
答案：1.command 2.request 3.expression 4.eastern
5．recognize 6.lorry 7.accent 8.straight
Ⅳ.选词填空(注意形式的变化)
communicate with；be based on；be able to；make use of；come up；have a good command of...；believe it or not；play a big part in；be recognized as；hold on
1.If you want to do this job well，you must be __________ speak English well.
答案：able to
2．The story is about a family who can't ____________ each other.
答案：communicate with
3．This novel __________ the family history of the writer.
答案：is based on
4．While we were talking，a man ________．
答案：came up
5．They tried their best to ____________ the chance that their school offered to study hard.
答案：make use of
6．Otherwise，you will ____________ a human and not a selfish person in cold blood.
答案：be recognized as
7．Her father has never ____________ her life.
答案：played a big part in
8．—Is Peter there?
—__________，please.I'll see if I can find him for you.
答案：Hold on
9．____________，they will not carry out their promise.
答案：Believe it or not
10．My sister ____________English because she has studied abroad for three years.
答案：has a good command of
Ⅴ.领会下列句子所用的句型并译成汉语
1．Why not go by Underground?
_______________________________________________________
答案：为什么不乘地铁去呢？
2．Today，more people speak English as their first，second or a foreign language than ever before.
_______________________________________________________
答案：如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多了，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。
3．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.
_______________________________________________________
答案：以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的话不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
4．At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.
_______________________________________________________
答案：起初大约在公元450年和公元1150年间，英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语很不一样。
课文表层理解
Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F)
1．English had the most speakers in the 12th century.
(F)
2．English changed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.
(T)
3．Languages in the world change frequently.
(T)
4．The language of the government is always the language of the country.
(F)
5．English is also the official language in ChinA．
(F)
Ⅱ.读课文，回答问题
1．Was the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 similar to the English spoken today？Why?
_______________________________________________________
答案：No.It was very different from the English spoken today.It's because it was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
2．When did some British settlers move to America?
_______________________________________________________
答案：In 1620.
3．What are the two big changes in English spelling by the 19th century?
_______________________________________________________
答案：First Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.
Ⅲ.根据课文内容完成表格
Time
Events
At the 1.________of the 16th century
About five to seven million people spoke English and nearly all of them lived in England.
Between AD 450 and 1150
It was 2.________more on German.
Between about AD 800 and 1150
English became less like German 3.________the rulers.
In the 1600's
Shakespeare 4.________use of a wider 5.________，which caused a big change in English usage.
In the 18th century
English was 6.________to AustraliA．
From 1765 to 1947
English became the language for 7.________and 8.________in IndiA．
At 9.________
China has the largest number of English learners.
In the future
Chinese English may develop its own 10.________.
答案：1.end 2.based 3.because of 4.made
5．vocabulary 6.taken 7.government 8.education
9．present 10.identity
课文深层理解
Ⅰ.根据课文内容匹配段落大意
1．Para 1 A．The example of the difference between different native English speakers.
2．Para 2 B．Wide use of English.
3．Para 3 C．English is a language spoken all around the world.
4．Para 4 D．Why English has changed over time.
5．Para 5 E．English was settled.
答案：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.E 5.C
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Where did most of the English speakers live at the end of the 16th century?
A．AmericA． B．England.
C．South AsiA． D．South AfricA．
答案：B
2．When did English begin to be spoken in many other countries?
A．In the 17th century.
B．At the end of the 16th century.
C．Between about AD 450 and 1150.
D．In the 19th century.
答案：A
3．According to the text，which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Languages always stay the same.
B．Languages change only after wars.
C．Languages no longer change.
D．Languages change when cultures change.
答案：D
4．From Paragraph 3，we can learn that from AD 450 to 1150，English sounded more like ________．
A．German B．Chinese
C．French D．Russian
答案：A
5．Why does India have a very large number of fluent English speakers?
A．Because Indians like learning English very much.
B．Because India has the largest number of English learners.
C．Because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
D．Because India has a close relationship with
Britain.
答案：C
写一则海报
英文海报是人们在日常生活中经常使用的一种张贴形式的应用文。它的使用场合非常广泛，包括活动宣传、招聘广告和人物介绍等。
英文海报通常含有通知性，所以主题应该明确、一目了然。它还包含广告的某些特点，要求内容简明扼要，形式新颖美观。
一、海报通常包括的几部分
1．标题。
首先根据海报的特点、格式写明标题。海报中往往把内容作为大字标题。例如：Football Match，Why is it important to learn English？或者注明Poster等字样。
2．正文部分。
不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报，首先引出话题，其次列出原因，最后总结。对于宣传类海报，要写清楚具体内容，如：活动内容、地点以及参加规定、主持或举办单位等。
3．落款。
出海报的单位署名通常放在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行，既可以写在右下角，也可以写在左下角。
注意事项：
(1)海报的标题必须简洁明了，词数不能太多，而且必须能吸引读者的眼球。
(2)海报的写作目的就是让读者了解活动的信息，传达信息才是海报最重要的任务，所以文字的修饰要服务于信息，不能玩文字游戏，使读者摸不着头脑。
二、常用句式
1．I have something important to tell you.
2．I have got an announcement to make.
3．I am told that a speech contest will be held at the“English Corner”this summer vacation.
4．I'm glad to have the honour to tell you some activities you're going to have today.
5．The party is a good chance for us to practise our English.
6．Everyone is welcome to attend the party.
7．Please bring along your pens and notebooks.
8．All the students are requested to attend the celebration of the Teachers' Day to be held in the Grand Hall in the Main Building at 6：30 this evening.
9．Don't miss the chance.Please get there on time.
10．Please get everything ready.Don't be late.
根据以下提示，以学生会的名义写一则英文海报。
足球比赛
参赛单位：江海中学足球队vs江北中学足球队
比赛时间：2017年9月6日下午2：00
比赛地点：校操场
【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
本海报主要是告知学生以及老师一场足球比赛的消息，以学生会的名义进行写作，视角明确，因此语言应注意受众的接受性。海报的主要内容是告知比赛双方、比赛时间、比赛地点。写作中特别强调格式的重要性。同时还要注意语言的简洁性。
第二步 确定段落
本篇海报可以从以下几个方面入手：
标题
Para 1简单说明比赛双方
Para 2比赛时间
Para 3比赛地点
Para 4欢迎师生前来观看
署名
第三步 提炼要点
本文可能会运用到以下词汇和短语：
1．friendly football match 足球友谊赛
2．hold 举办
3．be welcome 受欢迎
第四步 句式升级
句式体现一般表达向高级表达过渡：
1．江海中学足球队与江北中学足球队将进行一场足球比赛。
(一般表达)Jianghai Middle School Football Team and Jiangbei Middle School Football Team will have a match.
(高级表达)A friendly football match will be held between Jianghai Middle School Football Team and Jiangbei Middle School Football Team.
2．欢迎广大师生前来观看。
(一般表达)We welcome all teachers and students.
(高级表达)All the teachers and students are warmly welcome.
【范文赏析】
A friendly football match
A friendly football match will be held between Jianghai Middle School Football Team and Jiangbei Middle School Football Team.
Time：2：00 pm，September 6th，2017.
Place：The school playground.
All the teachers and students are warmly welcome.
The Students' Union
【亮点点评】
该范文结构完整，标题鲜明且明确，指出poster的主题是一场足球比赛。然后正文部分根据人们的一般思维，点出参赛的双方，第三、四段进而说明比赛的具体时间、地点，最后署名通知的发布者是学生会。整篇文章要点齐全，语言规范，主题鲜明，文字简洁，逻辑井然，一气呵成。文章简短，但是将主要信息做到了不遗不漏，格式规范，值得学习。
你校学生会需招聘一名留学生做英语学习顾问，请你以短文形式写一则招聘启事。内容主要包括：
1．母语是英语，汉语流利者优先；
2．解答英语学习问题，协助组织英语活动；
3．每周4小时，报酬面议；
4．联系人：李华(Tel：130 1122 3344)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．启事标题和结尾已为你写好。
English_advisor_wanted
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Student_Union
Yucai_High_School
答案：
English_advisor_wanted
The Student Union of school decides to invite an international student to work as an English Study Advisor next term.The main responsibilities of the advisor include helping students to practise their oral English，answering their questions，and helping organize activities such as singing English songs，English evenings，or lectures on interesting topics.
The applicant should be a native speaker of English.Fluency in Chinese is preferred.The advisor is expected to work 4 hours per week.
If you are interested，please call Li Hua at 130 1122 3344 for an interview.Payment for the service will be discussed during the interview.
Student_Union
Yucai_High_School
A级 基础过关
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．He looked calm，but __________(actual)he was very nervous.
答案：actually
2．________(base)on a novel by Lewis，the film is popular with people around the country.
答案：Based
3．He speaks Chinese ________(fluent)as if he were a Chinese.
答案：fluently
4．This is the main use that scientists make ________ natural resources.
答案：of
5．The new method is not perfect.Even ________，it's much better than the old one.
答案：so
6．It is ________ (request)that he ________(leave)before seven o'clock.
答案：requested should leave
7．The town has changed beyond __________(recognize)since I was last here.
答案：recognition
8．Computers play ________ important part in modern society.
答案：an
9．I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrellA．That's ________ I got wet through.
答案：why
10．The explorer took only such men and things ________he really needed into the thick forest.
答案：as
Ⅱ.选词填空(注意形式的变化)
such as；make full use of；at present；expression；accent；come up；block；play；vocabulary；because of
1．We must ________the resources we have.
答案：make full use of
2．I like drinks，________tea and coffee.
答案：such as
3．Strangers ________ to him in the street and said how much they enjoyed his book.
答案：came up
4．The boss is busy ________and he will ring you back later.
答案：at present
5．The part that the church ________is very great.
答案：plays
6．He had to retire ________his poor health.
答案：because of
7．They greeted him with many ____________of pleasure.
答案：expressions
8．He speaks with a strong southern________．
答案：accent
9．He lives three ________away from here.
答案：blocks
10．To my surprise，he has the largest ________in our class.
答案：vocabulary
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Mr Zhang ________________________________(起着非常重要的作用)carrying out the plan.
答案：played an important part in
2．She is wearing a long red coat so you'll ______________(肯定能认出)her.
答案：be sure to recognize
3．________________________(信不信由你)，they will not carry out their promise.
答案：Believe it or not
4．The captain ______________________________(命令他的人向港口航行)quickly.
答案：commanded his men to sail to the port
5．They've made an urgent request that the fresh water _________ (应该立刻供应)．
答案：(should)be supplied at once
B级 能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Recent studies have shown that exercise is good to both your physical strength and brain.A new study finds that people become smarter after starting a running programme.
In their study，the researchers had seven young people start a running programme consisting of running 30 minutes，two or three times a week for at least 12 skills before and after the 3－month running programme.
After 12 weeks of running，scores on all of the tests increased greatly in the runners，as did their reaction times (反应时间)in completing the tests，but the scores began to fall again if the runners stopped their training.
The results could have suggestions for old people as well.According to these researchers，old people who started a 4－month exercise programme also showed it may help doctors find a way to use exercise and running to help old people and those with Alzheimer's(老年痴呆症)disease improve their memory and other mental skills.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇最新研究，研究表明跑步不仅可以使身体健康而且还可以让人的大脑反应更加灵活。
1．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Running may make you smarter and healthier.
B．How to start a running programme.
C．Running is an important way to improve health.
D．The seven－person programe.
解析：主旨大意题。这篇文章主要是通过一项七人运动项目来证明跑步可以使你更加灵活和健康，而不是阐述如何开始一个跑步计划，也不是讲跑步的重要性，更不是讲七人计划。
答案：A
2．The researchers did tests both before and after the running programme because________．
A．they had enough time to do it
B．the scores would be higher
C．they wanted to make sure that all the runners would take to test
D．they could compare the scores
解析：推理判断题。从全文可以推断，跑步计划前后都要统计分数，是为了测试跑步带来的不同。
答案：D
3．The underlined word“their”in the second paragraph refers to“________”．
A．the young people's B．the researchers'
C．the runners' D．the tests'
解析：代词指代题。从第二段“In their study，the researchers had seven young people start a running programme consisting of running 30 minutes，...”可知答案为B项。
答案：B
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For several years，Americans have enjoyed teleshopping—watching TV and buying things by phone.__1__In a number of European countries，people can turn on their TVs and shop for clothes，jewelry，food，toys and many other things.
__2__For example，the biggest Swedish company sells different kinds of things on TV in 15 European countries，and in one year it made $100 million.In France there are two teleshopping channels，and the French spend about $20 million a year to buy things through those channels.
In Germany，until last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for 1 hour every day.Then the government allowed more teleshopping.Other channels can open for telebussiness，including the largest American teleshopping company and a 24－hour teleshopping company.__3__
Some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving their homes.With all the problems of traffic in the cities，this is an important reason，but at the same time other Europeans do not like this new way of shopping.__4__Many Europeans usually worry about the quality of the things for sale on TV.Good quality is important to them，and they believe they cannot be sure about the quality of the things on TV.
__5__They will have to be more careful about the quality of the things they sell.They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers cannot touch or see in person.
A．Now teleshopping is starting in Europe.
B．They call teleshopping“Junk on the air”．
C．Teleshopping is becoming popular in Sweden.
D．German businesses are hoping this new teleshopping will help them sell more things.
E．The need for high quality means that European teleshopping companies will have to be different from the American companies.
F．Teleshopping is popular among people.
G．German teleshopping business is controlled by AmericA．
答案：1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.E
Ⅲ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My father enjoys bike riding.Ever since I was little，I've always loved going biking with my dad.__1__，as I became a teenager，other things began to draw my __2__．Suddenly，it was important to do things with __3__．I saw my dad every evening at home.Why did I have to __4__my Sundays to all day bike trips with him，too？Even if my indifference(冷漠)hurt him，my father kept __5__，he would always let me know when he was planning a bike trip __6__I wanted to come.
It was a Sunday morning，and I was in low __7__．Two of my friends had gone to the movies without inviting me.Just then my father __8__my room.“It's a beautiful day.Want to go for a __9__ today，Beck？” “Leave me alone！”I impatiently __10__．
Those were the last words I said to him before he left the house that __11__．
Several hours later，the police called us，__12__ us that dad had a traffic accident.My father's injuries were serious.It took several days before he could __13__speak.Beside his bed I held his hand gently，__14__of hurting him.
“Daddy...I'm sorry...” “It's okay，sweetheart.I'll be okay.”
“No，”I said，“I __15__what I said to you that day.You know，that morning？”
“Sweetheart，I don't __16__anything about that day.I remember kissing you good night the night before，though.”He__17__a weak smile.
I felt __18__for my thoughtless remark，for I even wanted him to leave me alone.My teacher once told me that __19__have immeasurable power.They can hurt or they can heal.And we all have the __20__to choose our words.I intend to do that very carefully from now on.
【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。语言有不可估量的力量，既能够伤害人也能够温暖人，我们说话时要斟酌用词。
1．A．Therefore B．Instead
C．Besides D．However
解析：根据后面的“other things”可知，这里表示转折关系。
答案：D
2．A．attention B．sight
C．effort D．energy
解析：draw my attention 吸引我的注意力，即当我长成少年，其他一些事情吸引了我的注意力。
答案：A
3．A．dad B．friends
C．teachers D．brothers
解析：根据第二段第二句话“Two of my friends...”可知答案。
答案：B
4．A．start B．save
C．devote D．waste
解析：devote...to 投入……做某事，即“我”为什么还要花费星期日和他骑车啊？
答案：C
5．A．silent B．busy
C．asleep D．awake
解析：当“我”的冷漠伤害到父亲时，他也不吱声。keep silent保持沉默。
答案：A
6．A．unless B．in case
C．so that D．as if
解析：句意：当他计划自行车旅行的时候总会让我知道，以防万一我也想去。in case以防(万一)。
答案：B
7．A．spirits B．conditions
C．states D．hopes
解析：(be)in low spirits 情绪低落。由空后“我的两个朋友去看电影却没叫我”可知答案。
答案：A
8．A．left B．checked
C．entered D．knocked
解析：父亲进了“我”的房间。
答案：C
9．A．ride B．walk
C．picnic D．game
解析：根据前面内容可知，此处指父亲问“我”是否要一起去骑车。
答案：A
10．A．whispered B．warned
C．announced D．shouted
解析：句意：我情绪低落，因此父亲跟我说话时，我不耐烦地喊道(shouted)……。
答案：D
11．A．moment B．morning
C．afternoon D．evening
解析：根据上一段第一句话可知，那时候是早晨。
答案：B
12．A．promising B．reminding
C．telling D．phoning
解析：句意：警察打电话告诉(telling)我们父亲出了交通事故。其他几项不合题意。
答案：C
13．A．finally B．generally
C．strictly D．broadly
解析：几天后父亲才最终开口说话，A项正确。
答案：A
14．A．tired B．afraid
C．excited D．sorry
解析：“我”轻轻地抓住父亲的手，害怕弄疼他。
答案：B
15．A．discuss B．think
C．care D．mean
解析：mean指的是，意思是，即作者向父亲解释自己对父亲说“对不起”的原因。
答案：D
16．A．hate B．forget
C．remember D．like
解析：父亲的意思是“我记不得那天的事情了”。
答案：C
17．A．became B．expressed
C．exchanged D．managed
解析：manage a smile 的意思是“强作微笑”，符合语境。
答案：D
18．A．happy B．regretful
C．good D．surprised
解析：“我”后悔说了那些不加考虑的话。
答案：B
19．A．apologies B．promises
C．smiles D．words
解析：语言有不可估量的力量。由下文“...to choose our words”可知答案。
答案：D
20．A．experience B．honor
C．power D．desire
解析：每个人都有权选择自己要说的话(作者打算以后更加注意自己的话)。
答案：C
课件140张PPT。Unit2 English around the world单元质量评估(二)
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Going to the beach is many Americans' favourite activity.They went swimming in the ocean without giving a thought to what was underwater.But those days are long gone.In the summer of 1988，many of the beaches had to be closed because garbage(废料)from hospitals was found in the water.The garbage included glass bottles with samples of blood，and people were afraid they might get AIDS from the blood.At some beaches，sewage(污物)was found in the water.Americans were shocked by this state of affairs.People didn't think of the underwater garbage because it was out of sight.
Some of the most polluted waters still look beautiful.San Francisco Bay is a good example of a beautiful bay that's full of chemicals.Scientists discovered pollution in some lakes and rivers when they found fish with rotting skin.People are told not to eat too much fish because of pollution.Most American cities put their garbage in the ground.But New York and a few other cities put their garbage in the ocean.Boston Harbour is so polluted that scientists say it won't recover until the next century.The government has ordered the city to build a sewage treatment plant.Cleaning up oceans won't be easy，but people can no longer ignore this challenge.
【语篇解读】 美国海域受污染情况不容乐观。
1．The main idea of the article is that________．
A．ocean waters around America have become polluted
B．Americans are bringing too much garbage to the beach
C．beaches were closed because Americans were shocked
D．going to the beach is many Americans' favourite activity
解析：主旨大意题。全文讲述了美国海域遭受污染的情况。
答案：A
2．Why many of the beaches had to be closed in 1988?
A．Because sewage was found everywhere.
B．Because there was danger underwater.
C．Because medical waste was found in the water.
D．Because there were many glass bottles.
解析：细节理解题。由第一段可知，因为海水里发现了医疗废物，所以许多海滩不得不关闭。
答案：C
3．Many polluted waters are still beautiful because________．
A．chemicals can be beautiful
B．they have been cleaned up
C．pollution is underwater or hard to see
D．there are still many fish in them
解析：细节理解题。从最后一段前两句可知。
答案：C
4．More people can go to the beaches near Boston if ________．
A．the city puts garbage in the ground
B．a sewage plant is built
C．they don't eat too much fish
D．they stop polluting the water
解析：推理判断题。从最后一段的最后两句可知。
答案：B
B
When it comes to learning a foreign language，many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary.But this question never happens about their mother tongue，and yet，it was a foreign language once.However，among all the questions that new parents ask，no doctor has ever heard：“Will my baby be able to learn my language？”Be honest，do you know all the words of your mother tongue？The answer is：“No.”
New words，and new ways of using old words，appear every day.Twenty years ago，who would have been able to understand a sentence like this：“Click here to download your digital book？” Nobody.You never stop learning new vocabulary and you never know how long you will need it.
Sometimes，you have the word on the tip of your tongue...and it sticks there！But you do know this phenomenon(现象)and don't think that it is because of a bad memory.You should not give this phenomenon more importance in the language you are learning than in your mother tongue.
You need to learn only 2，000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need.You can't avoid some work in order to learn these necessary words and all the more if you want to learn quickly.And before you consider buying into any method，be sure it is right for you.It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics (记忆术)．The first words seem very easy to learn，so you buy the course，but then you discover quickly，though too late，that a dozen words later，it is all the more difficult to learn a new word when you have also to learn the trick to memorize it.
【语篇解读】 学外语是否有必要记住所有单词？
5．From the first paragraph，we can infer that ________．
A．there is no need to know all the words of a foreign language
B．it is honest to answer“no”to a question you don't know
C．a baby can know all the new words of its mother tongue
D．people find it hard to memorize vocabulary of their language
解析：推理判断题。从第一段中的“Be honest，do you know all the words of your mother tongue? The answer is：‘No.’”可知，一个人既然连自己的母语的词汇都不可能全认识，那么在学习外语时，也没有必要记住所有的词汇。
答案：A
6．To learn a foreign language，the author advises you ________．
A．to remember new words appearing every day
B．to keep up with new ways of using old words
C．to learn at least 2，000 necessary words
D．to pay more attention to your bad memory
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“You need to learn only 2，000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need.”可知C项为正确答案。
答案：C
7．The author's attitude to mnemonics is ________．
A．supportive B．neutral
C．opponent D．indifferent
解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中“It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics.”可知，作者对记忆术是持否定态度的。
答案：C
8．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．using old words in a new way
B．learning new words from the context
C．finding a method to memorize vocabulary
D．learning vocabulary of a foreign language
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了学习外语的问题，人们总是担心自己记忆的词汇不够，但是一个人即使对自己的母语的词汇也并不能全认识，所以也就没有必要担心词汇量的问题，只要掌握一些基本的词汇就可以了，故D项符合主题。
答案：D
C
Have you ever returned a book late to the library before？If so，you may pay a small fine(罚款)．How much would you have to pay if the book is returned 65 years late?
A high school in Washington，US had to deal with such a problem recently.A copy of Gone with the Wind was finally returned to its library 65 years late.
However，the school said that it would not ask Wayne to pay the fine，though that would be about $475.
The book was borrowed out of the library of the high school in 1949，and disappeared until it was found in Maine，US by Wayne.Wayne found the book in his father's basement(地下室)and then offered to send it back to the school.“I feel very sorry about that，”Wayne said.“We're very pleased to have the book back.Wayne did the right thing，”Lori Wyborney，headmaster of the school said.
【语篇解读】 图书馆的图书都有固定的外借时长，可有本书竟然外借了65年。
9．The book was borrowed out of the library of the high school ________．
A．in 1975 B．in 1965
C．in 1949 D．in 2014
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“The book was borrowed out of the library of the high school in 1949”可知答案。
答案：C
10．Gone with the Wind is the name of ________．
A．a library B．a book
C．a school D．a magazine
解析：细节理解题。根据首段“Have you ever returned a book late to the library before？”和第二段的“A copy of...”可知答案。
答案：B
11．________ offered to send the book back to the school.
A．Wayne B．Wayne's father
C．Lori's headmaster D．Lori
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Wayne found the book in his father's basement and then offered to send it back to the school.”可知答案。
答案：A
D
Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes？Let's have a look.
People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies.We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants.Sometimes，people may get caught with their pants down.They are found doing something they should not be doing.And，in every family，one person takes control.Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do.Then we say she wears the pants in the family.
Pants usually have pockets to hold things.Money that is likely to be spent quickly can burn a hole in your pocket.sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants.If you have less money than usual，you may have to tighten your belt.
I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much.I really take my hat off to them.Yet，when it comes to my own money，I spend it at the drop of a hat，which means I instantly spend it.
Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes.People who are too big for their boots think they are more important than they really are.I dislike such people.
My father is an important person.He runs a big company.He wears a suit and tie，and a shirt with sleeves that cover his arms.Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly.But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve.
【语篇解读】 本文向我们介绍了一些英语中与衣服有关的表达。
12．Which of the following expressions can show someone is nervous?
A．Get caught with one's pants down.
B．Have ants in one's pants.
C．Wear the pants in the family.
D．Burn a hole in one's pocket.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants.”可知应选B。
答案：B
13．If we say someone has to tighten his belt，we probably mean he________．
A．has done something wrong
B．used to live a rich life
C．has put on the wrong pants
D．is short of money
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“If you have less money than usual，you may have to tighten your belt.”可知应选D。
答案：D
14．Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat most probably ________．
A．doesn't save money
B．earns much money
C．never wastes his money
D．spends more than he earns
解析：推理判断题。根据前文的“I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much.”可知，前面指的是那些会存钱的人，又根据yet的语境，可知后者是那种一有钱就会立即花掉的人，故选A。
答案：A
15．We can use the expression“wear one's heart on one's sleeve”to describe someone who ________．
A．gets angry easily
B．looks very serious
C．shows his feelings openly
D．often wears a suit and tie
解析：细节理解题。根据末段的“Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly.But...”的语境，可知题干中的表达可以用来形容那些不掩饰感情的人。
答案：C
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Evaluating sources(来源)of health information
Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.__16__
Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study.__17__
Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behaviour“contributes to”or is “associated with”an outcome；this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.__18__ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.__19__ Evaluate“scientific”statements carefully，and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)．
__20__ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration，but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
A．Make choices that are right for you.
B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C．Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D．And examine the findings of the original research.
E．Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.
G．The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
答案：16.G 17.D 18.F 19.B 20.A
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I'll never forget Christmas 1946.My dad had died five years before and left mom several school kids to __21__．A month before Christmas our church said they were __22__a special offering(捐赠)to help a poor family.We __23__decided to help without thinking.
That month was one of the __24__of our lives.We'll remember it forever.We took any job that we could __25__and saved each penny.We __26__the money every day to see how much we had got.We talked about how __27__the poor family would be when they had the money.The day before Christmas we __28__all our coins for three $20 bills and one $10 bill.We felt we were very rich.
Then came the exciting Christmas morning.__29__，late that afternoon the minister(牧师) brought us a(n)__30__．Out of it fell some money—three $20 bills，one $10 and seventeen $1 bills.__31__，we were sad because we felt we had nothing.
That week I felt so __32__that I even wanted to leave school.Mom __33__us to church on Saturday __34__we didn't want to see anyone.A speaker was saying $100 would save a poor family in AfricA．We became __35__for the first time in a week.Mom reached into her purse and __36__out the envelope.After a while the minister said excitedly that the offering was over $100.He hadn't __37__such a large offering from our small __38__．He said，“There must be some __39__people here.”Suddenly it hit us！We had given $87！We were the rich family！From that day on I've never been __40__again.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。教堂策划了一个圣诞节特别捐赠活动，作者一家努力工作，拼命节约，想要帮助那个贫困的家庭，却发现原来自己就是那个最贫困的家庭。这给了全家莫大的打击。直到在教堂做礼拜时得知非洲有更贫困的人需要帮助，捐出了所获得的捐赠后，全家才再次获得宁静。
21．A．teach B．lead
C．change D．raise
解析：根据school kids可知应是父亲离世，留下几个孩子要“抚养(raise)”。
答案：D
22．A．planning B．accepting
C．enjoying D．bringing
解析：由下文作者一家人努力存钱可知，他们的教堂正在“策划(planning)”一次特别的捐赠活动。
答案：A
23．A．quickly B．usually
C．finally D．certainly
解析：根据下文的without thinking可知，他们是“立即(quickly)”决定要帮忙。
答案：A
24．A．most difficult B．best
C．most comfortable D．slowest
解析：根据“We'll remember it forever”以及“the exciting Christmas morning”可知，这个月作者一家倾心准备帮助他人，感觉非常好，故应选best。
答案：B
25．A．afford B．offer
C．find D．create
解析：根据作者一家决定帮助他人，而他们本身并不富有的事实可知，他们去做能“找到(find)”的一切工作。
答案：C
26．A．paid B．counted
C．got D．borrowed
解析：根据下文提示“...to see how much we had got...”可知，他们是每天“数(counted)”钱。
答案：B
27．A．thankful B．nervous
C．worried D．bored
解析：作者一家谈论那个困贫的家庭得到这笔钱会多么“感激(thankful)”。
答案：A
28．A．saved B．exchanged
C．gave D．returned
解析：根据下文提示“...for three $20 bills and one $10 bill”可知，他们将零钱“换(exchanged)”成了整钱。
答案：B
29．A．However B．Also
C．Therefore D．Instead
解析：根据上文“We felt we were very rich.Then came the exciting Christmas morning”和下文的“we were sad because we felt we had nothing”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，故选However。
答案：A
30．A．box B．note
C．envelope D．gift
解析：根据下文提示“...the envelope”可知，教堂牧师给母亲的是一个装满钱的信封。
答案：C
31．A．Possibly B．Actually
C．Specially D．Suddenly
解析：得知他们才是那个最贫穷的家庭，“突然之间(Suddenly)”他们感到很伤心，觉得自己一无所有。
答案：D
32．A．relaxed B．brave
C．hopeless D．surprised
解析：根据下文提示“...I even wanted to leave school”可知，对作者来说，这是“令人绝望的(hopeless)”一周。
答案：C
33．A．took B．showed
C．sent D．followed
解析：根据下文他们在教堂里听牧师说话并捐钱的事实可知，妈妈“带(took)”他们去教堂做礼拜。
答案：A
34．A．since B．although
C．if D．as
解析：上文去教堂做礼拜与下文“we didn't want to see anyone”之间为让步关系。
答案：B
35．A．sick B．sad
C．happy D．famous
解析：根据上文“A speaker was saying $100 would save a poor family in Africa”和下文他们捐赠给教会一笔钱的事实可知，此时孩子们找到解决事情的办法，因而变得高兴起来。
答案：C
36．A．kept B．pulled
C．turned D．put
解析：根据上文“Mom reached into her purse”可知，信封应是装在钱包里，故要掏出来，所以要用pulled out。
答案：B
37．A．heard B．spent
C．expected D．seen
解析：由上一句的“excitedly”可知，牧师没有预料(expect)会有这么一大笔捐款。
答案：C
38．A．class B．church
C．family D．town
解析：根据上文牧师兴奋地说(the minister said excitedly)可推知，牧师之间没有“预料到(expected)”能从他们这个小教堂筹集到这么多钱。
答案：B
39．A．good B．smart
C．honest D．rich
解析：根据捐款数额超出牧师预想的事实可推断，他认为做礼拜的人中有些人很富有。
答案：D
40．A．angry B．healthy
C．quiet D．poor
解析：根据上下文可知，作者由此领悟到什么是真正的贫穷和富有，故从那以后，再没有觉得自己贫穷过。
答案：D
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tony：Hey，did you see China's women's volleyball team 41.________television last night?
Kate：Yes，the game was so 42.________(excite)！I usually watch basketball，but that was great last night!
Tony：Definitely a good effort！If anything，I was disappointed that the 43.________team didn't put up much of a fight.They made a lot of bad mistakes，44.________ they always seemed to be hitting the ball out of bounds.
Kate：I just enjoyed how China celebrated after every point they won.Volleyball seems so much more passionate45.________ (compare)to other sports.
Tony：Well，their victory means they 46.________(compete)in the Olympics next year，47.________was their goal.I just hope they can pick up at 48.________(little)a bronze medal.
Kate：Bronze？You mean gold，right?
Tony：Well，that would be great，but there are a couple of very strong teams that beat China in a recent competition.
Kate：I saw those matches.They were 49.________(extreme)close！China can beat them next year for sure!
Tony：We'll see.I hope you're right.But you never know 50.________will happen in sports.
Kate：Exactly！They might surprise you！Then what will you say?
Tony：Ha ha，OK，let's just wait and see.
答案：41.on 42.exciting 43.other 44.and
45．compared 46.will compete 47.which 48.least 49.extremely 50.what
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I visited my aunt in the countryside near the city last week.I was surprising to see that great changes had been taken place in the countryside.Take my aunt's family for example.We supply precious trees and flowers to the stores in the city and have ten workers working for themselves.
Their family's income reached as much 100，000 yuan last year.Not only did they have a house，a car and computers，they can also afford a trip abroad every year.When asking what else they needed most，they said that they wanted to learn a few English so that they could do business with foreigners directly.To their delighted，my cousin can use that he has learned from university to help them with overseas trade.
答案：
I visited my aunt in the countryside near the city last week.I was to see that great changes had taken place in the countryside.Take my aunt's family for example.supply precious trees and flowers to the stores in the city and have ten workers working for .
Their family's income reached as much 100，000 yuan last year.Not only they have a house，a car and computers，they can also afford a trip abroad every year.When what else they needed most，they said that they wanted to learn a English so that they could do business with foreigners directly.To their ，my cousin can use he has learned from university to help them with overseas trade.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
英语作为一种国际性语言被越来越多的国家使用，学习英语对我们来说非常重要，但很多人认为学好英语非常困难，请根据以下内容，介绍一下学习英语的方法。
1．兴趣是最好的老师，培养对英语的兴趣。
2．制订适合的学习计划并严格执行。
3．充分利用各种资源学习英语。
注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．词数100左右；
3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
There are millions of people learning English which is regarded as the standard language.Therefore，it's important for us to learn English well._______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
答案：
There_are_millions_of_people_learning_English_which_is_regarded_as_the_standard_language.Therefore，it's_important_for_us_to_learn_English_well.But many people claim that it's hard to learn English well.So today I want to introduce some good approaches to English learning.
Firstly，it matters that you love English.Interest is the best teacher.Once you develop your interest in English，you definitely will want to learn it by heart no matter how many difficulties occur.
Secondly，make a good plan for your study and practise it strictly.Learning is a long and tough journey that needs patience as well as methods.
Finally，make good use of all materials you can get.The knowledge we get in the class is far more enough，so that it's necessary for us to broaden our knowledge after class by using various learning materials，such as newspapers，magazines，radios，TV，the Internet and so on.
In short，English learning is not a short easy journey that needs our continuous hard work.
