英语 选择性必修 第一册 WY
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar(动词不定式、动词－ing形式和过去分词作表语)
①Every artist's wish is to create something that expresses an idea.
②He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”．
③Yang Liping's passion is dancing.
④My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.
⑤Everybody was shocked at the news.
⑥The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!
⑦My job is to teach.
⑧What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
(1)动词－ing形式作表语的句子有________。
(2)动词不定式作表语的句子有________。
(3)过去分词作表语的句子有________。
答案：(1)③⑥ (2)①④⑦⑧ (3)②⑤
一、动词不定式作表语
1．不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
2．如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也用不定式(表示结果)。
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残酷。
3．如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或是what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。
①My job is to drive them to the company every day.
我的工作就是每天开车送他们去公司。
②My purpose is to help you feel less stressed.
我的目的是帮助你减少压力。
(1)单句语法填空
Danny's homework is ________ (write) a poem.
答案：to write
(2)单句表达
我的愿望是去太空。
My wish is ________________________．
答案：to go to space
二、动词－ing形式作表语
作表语的动词－ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing ... 这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
①The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
②Travelling worldwide is interesting but tiring.
周游世界是有趣的，但也是令人疲劳的。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。对主语起修饰限制作用，多表示主语所具有的特征。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
名师点津 (1)不定式和动词－ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词－ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。 (2)如果主语是动名词，表语也用动名词。 Helping others is helping yourself. 帮助别人就是帮助自己。
(1)单句语法填空
①My hobby is ________ (collect) stamps.
②What you said is really ________ (inspire).
③Waiting alone for two hours was really ________ (tire)．
答案：①collecting ②inspiring ③tiring
(2)单句表达
①他的工作是粉刷墙。
His job ______________________________．
②目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。
The present situation ______________________．
答案：①is painting walls ②is encouraging
三、过去分词作表语
1．过去分词作表语的用法
过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。
①He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后，他显得很忧虑。
②When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.
当我们听说这件事时，被深深地打动了。
③My grandfather was delighted to hear I overcame the difficulty.
我祖父听到我克服了困难的消息后感到很高兴。
④He is dead drunk.
他喝得烂醉。
名师点津 表示人的心理、情绪变化的一些动词－ed形式(surprised, disappointed, delighted, excited, pleased等)及其他一些动词－ed形式(dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known, married, bent, recovered, separated等)常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表示状态，无被动意义。
(1)单句语法填空
We got a little ________ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
答案：sunburned/sunburnt
(2)单句表达
①你为什么总是看上去很疲惫？
Why do you always ________________？
②我对昨晚看的电影很失望；我原以为它能好些。
I ____________ at the film I saw last night; I had expected it to be better.
答案：①look tired ②was disappointed
2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作，后常跟“by＋动作的执行者”。
①The cup is broken.
杯子碎了。(系表结构)
②The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是汤姆打破的。(被动语态)
单句表达
①这本书写得很好。
The book ________________________．
②这本书是他去年写的。
The book __________________ last year.
答案：①is well written ②was written by him
3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。
常用的这类词有：
①We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
②His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
(1)单句语法填空
①The ________ look on her face suggested that she was ________ by the ________ scene.(frighten)
②The news was ________ and they were all ________ at it.(excite)
③We all felt ________ at the ________ news.(encourage)
④The audience were all ________ to tears by the ________ film.(move)
答案：①frightened; frightened; frightening ②exciting; excited ③encouraged; encouraging
④moved; moving
(2)单句表达
①爱丽丝对这一切都感到困惑，她很想换个话题。
Alice __________________ the whole thing, and longed to change the subject.
②她对那个结果似乎相当满意。
She seemed pretty ____________ the result.
③我们对表演的节目很感兴趣。
We ________________ what has been performed.
④这座新楼真漂亮。
The new building ________________________ the eye.
答案：①was puzzled by ②satisfied with ③are very interested in ④was pleasing to
Vocabulary
1 trend n. 趋势，动向(教材P56)
归纳拓展
①But recently, we have seen a gradual trend towards healthier food.
但近来，我们注意到人们逐渐倾向于吃更健康的食物。
②His designs often set the trend for the new season.
他的设计经常引领新一季的潮流走向。
(1)单句语法填空
①It's difficult to assess whether this is ________ new trend.
②He sees a trend ________ “de－urbanization” across America.
答案：①a ②towards
(2)单句表达
①提前退休的趋势越来越明显。
There is ________________________ earlier retirement.
②你们似乎开创了一种新潮流。
You seem ________________________．
③世界历史的总趋势任何人也改变不了。
No one can change ________________ of world history.
答案：①a growing trend towards ②to have set a new trend ③the general trend
2 contrast n. 反差，对比(教材P57)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①There's a marked contrast between his character and hers.
他和她的性格形成鲜明的对比。
②It is interesting to contrast the two writers.
将这两位作家加以比较是很有意思的。
③In this book, the writer contrasts good with evil.
在这本书里，作者对比了善与恶。
(1)单句语法填空
①Sports and games, ________ contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.
②The white walls make ________ contrast with the black carpet.
答案：①in/by ②a
(2)单句表达
①美与丑相对存在。
The beautiful exists ________________ the ugly.
②你今天的成果与上周截然不同。
The work you did today is ______________ what you did last week.
答案：①in contrast to/with ②quite a contrast to
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Her ideas seem a little ________ (抽象的).
答案：abstract
2．I don't expect a band always to be ________ (创新的)．
答案：innovative
3．Experts say it is an international t________ to adopt PM2.5 to check air quality.
答案：trend
4．The coasted areas have mild winters, but by c________ the central plains become extremely cold.
答案：contrast
5．The fence was strengthened with w________．
答案：wire
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．You can do almost anything ________ the digital age.
答案：in
2．The ________ expression on his face showed that the question was ________．(puzzle)
答案：puzzled; puzzling
3．The ant queen's work is ________ (lay) eggs.
答案：laying
4．There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ________ (disappoint).
答案：disappointed
5．The radiation of nuclear bombing is ________ (terrify)．
答案：terrifying
6．My work is ________ (clean) the room every day.
答案：to clean
7．We were ________ (amaze) by the change in his appearance.
答案：amazed
8．They are ________ (high) skilled workers.
答案：highly
9．The government is ________ (keep) a close watch on how the situation develops.
答案：keeping
10．She felt ________ (satisfy) with her performance on the high and low bars.
答案：satisfied
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．我太激动了，迫不及待地想穿上它们。
So ________________ that I couldn't wait to try wearing them.
答案：excited was I
2．您能来参加我们的英语周活动，我们深感荣幸。
We ________________ to have you here in the middle of our English Week activities.
答案：are/feel honoured
3．艺术家们可以通过他们的作品进行深度交流。
Artists can deeply communicate with each other ________________．
答案：via their works
4．他善于利用光线和阴影陈述他的态度。
He was good at ________________ by using light and shadows.
答案：stating his attitude
5．这座城市三面环山。
The city ____________ on three sides by mountains.
答案：is surrounded
6．创造型经济是城市经济的永久来源。
Creational Economy is the ________________ of city economy.
答案：ever lasting source
7．由于火山灰云，四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。
In April, thousands of holidaymakers ______________ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
答案：remained stuck
8．我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化。
Our goal is____________________________ in the near future.
答案：realizing the four modernizations
9．他们把草案呈交给总统，总统看完后，点了点头，签了字。
They presented their draft to the president, ______________________， nodded and signed it.
答案：who looked it over
10．我刚才正要问你一件事情。
I was just ________________ you something.
答案：about to ask
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Seven year old artist Kieron Williamson has sold his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in just 14 minutes, setting the world record for the youngest successful painter.
His latest paintings of landscapes (风景), seascapes and churches were supposed to be on display for a month at the Picturecraft Gallery in Holt. They went on sale at 9 am but were bought by 9：14 am, some by telephone from abroad.
Kieron is red__hot. People are saying that he could become an all time great artist. They want his paintings as investments (投资) because they think the price will go up.
The last child artist was Picasso. And Kieron is getting better and better. The pace at which he learns is quite amazing. He has a very mature mind and has mastered certain techniques at an early stage which some artists would take years to perfect. His work has been very unusual and impressive. His use of tone, color and light is wonderful. The way he gets his paintings to do the talking is extremely good. He just paints when he wants. He still likes playing football and playing computer games like any other seven year olds.
Inspired to start painting on a family holiday in Devon and Cornwall, Kieron was just six when he asked his parents for paper to draw a boat and swiftly developed a mature and confident talent for seascapes and countryside scenes that has been described as close to the “young Picasso”．
The talented boy described his show's sellout success as “brilliant”. “Painting is my favorite hobby but I like football as well，” said Kieron, who is so absorbed in painting that he is always drawing from getting up to going to school.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名儿童画家 Kieron Williamson (基伦·威廉森)和他的水彩画。
1．Kieron Williamson set the world record for the youngest painter by ________．
A．selling his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in 14 minutes
B．drawing as many as 16 watercolours in 14 minutes
C．painting landscapes as a child of seven
D．earning the most money for 16 watercolours
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，七岁画家 Kieron Williamson 仅仅在14分钟内就以17，000英镑的价格卖掉了他的16幅水彩画，创造了世界纪录。故选A。
2．The underlined words “red hot” here probably mean “________”．
A．in bright color and high temperature
B．in high fever
C．very popular
D．very smart
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，人们说Kieron可能会成为一位伟大的画家，并认为他的画会增值，因此人们都想要收藏他的画作为投资。由此可推知，Kieron很受欢迎，因此，画线词意为“受欢迎”。故选C。
3．What is Kieron's work like according to the text
A．Strange. B．Outstanding.
C．Ordinary. D．Common.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“His work has been very unusual and impressive. His use of tone, color and light is wonderful.”可知，Kieron的作品与众不同，给人以深刻的印象，他对色调、颜色和光线的使用都是绝妙的。由此可推知，他的画非常出色。故选B。
4．From the text we know that Kieron learned to paint ________．
A．by himself B．from his parents
C．by copying Picasso D．from his teacher
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Kieron 在 Devon(德文)和Cornwall(康沃尔)度假时开始绘画，当时他六岁，向父母要纸画船，很快培养了成熟自信的画海景和乡村景色的才能，被认为近似年轻的毕加索。全文没提到他的老师，由此可推知，他是自学绘画的。故选A。
B
Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch Baroque painter and printmaker, one of the greatest storytellers in the history of art, has an unusual ability to express people in their various moods. Rembrandt is also known as a painter of light and shade and as an artist who favored an uncompromising (不妥协的) realism.
Early in his career and for some time, Rembrandt painted mainly portraits (肖像). Although he continued to paint portraits throughout his career, he did so less frequently over time. Nearly one tenth of his paintings consist of studies of his own face as well as more formal self portraits.
Seen over his whole career, the changes in Rembrandt's style are worthy of attention. His approach to composition and his expression of space and light tend to make a gradual change, even within a single work. The painting known as Night Watch (1642) was clearly a turning point in his stylistic development. These changes are not the result of an involuntary evolution (无意识的演进); rather they should be seen as a clear minded search in pictorial and narrative sides, sometimes as if he were in discussion with his great previous generations.
Rembrandt quickly achieved fame among Dutch art lovers and an art buying public for his history paintings as well as his portraits and self portraits. His unusual drawings, which in fact were done as practice exercises or as studies for other works, were also collected by current art lovers. Certain artists in 18th century Germany and Venice even adopted his style. He was respected during the Romantic era and was considered a forerunner (先驱) of the Romantic movement; from that__point he was regarded as one of the greatest figures in art history. In the Netherlands itself, his fortunes have once again risen, and he has become a symbol of both greatness and Dutchness.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰艺术家Rembrandt van Rijn (伦勃朗·凡·瑞恩)对艺术的贡献。
5．Why is Rembrandt called “one of the greatest storytellers in the history of art” in Paragraph 1
A．He was good at telling good stories.
B．His own life story is well worth telling.
C．He could use light and shade skillfully.
D．He could show people's moods vividly.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Rembrandt van Rijn ... their various moods.”可知，Rembrandt被称为“艺术史上最伟大的说书人之一”是因为他能生动地传达出人物的情绪。故选D。
6．What features Rembrandt's early career
A．His preference for portraits.
B．His vivid description of beauty.
C．His unintended search of changes.
D．His high fame among art lovers.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Early in his career and for some time, Rembrandt painted mainly portraits (肖像)．”可知，Rembrandt早期的职业生涯特点是他喜欢画肖像画。故选A。
7．What can we expect from Night Watch
A．A painting style without any change.
B．Different expression of space and light.
C．An involuntary evolution in narrative respects.
D．Similar content to that of those painted before.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“His approach to ... his stylistic development.(他的构图方法和对空间和光线的表达倾向于逐渐变化。即使在单一作品中也是如此。这幅名为《守夜人》的画作显然是他风格发展的转折点。)”可推知，我们能从《守夜人》中了解到空间与光线的不同表达。故选B。
8．What do the underlined words “that point” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Rembrandt's contributions to the Romantic movement.
B．Rembrandt's influence on contemporary art lovers.
C．Rembrandt's unusual portraits and self portraits.
D．Rembrandt's influence on artists in 18th century Europe.
答案：A
解析：指代判断题。根据画线部分所在句(他在浪漫主义时代受到尊敬，被认为是浪漫主义运动的先驱，从那时起，他被认为是艺术史上最伟大的人物之一。)可知，此处that point指代Rembrandt van Rijn对浪漫主义运动所作出的贡献。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
Music is present in any part of the world, and it is appreciated and felt everywhere. Without its presence, life could be boring. Studies show that music is good for your body and mind. __1__
Music can increase pain management. Listening to music can help increase your pain tolerance (耐痛性). __2__ Listening to music can help you gain a sense of control over your ability to deal with pains. If you have a certain pain, for example, listening to music that you enjoy can help reduce the pain that you experience.
__3__ Listening to certain types of music, such as relaxing music, can naturally reduce both your heartbeat rate and breathing rate. Additionally, music has shown promising results as a treatment for heart disease. Whether it involves listening to music or composing music, the calming effect that music produces further improves your heart's health by supporting it throughout the healing process.
Music can reduce anxiety and depression. __4__ When it comes to anxiety and depression, music treatment can help to reduce the amount of stress hormones. For example, listening to music that you enjoy can naturally decrease the amount of cortisol (皮质醇) that your body releases.
Music can improve self expression and communication. Self expression and communication are an important part of the human experience, especially when it comes to basic emotional and mental health needs. __5__By listening and singing along to music, kids who struggle to interact and communicate with others can practice using the very skills needed to do so.
A．Music can improve heart health.
B．Music can increase your heartbeat rate.
C．Here are some benefits of music treatment.
D．They are two common pains in your daily life.
E．It has been proved to be helpful for anxious and depressed people.
F．Listening to music can also help decrease the strength of your pains.
G．For kids weak in both areas, music treatment can help develop their relative skills.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐治疗的一些好处。
1．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Studies show that music is good for your body and mind.”以及下文各段首句可知，本文介绍了音乐的一些好处，C项(这里有一些音乐治疗的好处。)承上启下。故选C。
2．答案：F
解析：根据上文“Listening to music can help increase your pain tolerance (耐痛性)．”和下文“Listening to music can help ... deal with pains.”可知，F项(听音乐也可以帮助减轻你疼痛的强度。)承上启下。故选F。
3．答案：A
解析：设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲听音乐对心脏健康有好处，A项(音乐可以促进心脏健康。)符合本段主旨。故选A。
4．答案：E
解析：根据本段首句“Music can reduce anxiety and depression.”可知，音乐可以减少焦虑和抑郁，E项(它已被证明对焦虑和抑郁的人有帮助。)符合语境，其中的“It”指代上文中的“Music”。故选E。
5．答案：G
解析：根据上文“Self expression and communication are an important part ... mental health needs.(自我表达和沟通是人类经验的重要组成部分，尤其是在基本的情感和心理健康需求方面。)”可知，G项(对于这两方面都较弱的孩子，音乐治疗可以帮助他们发展相关技能。)承接上文。故选G。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The National Art Gallery, __1__ (locate) at the heart of Canberra, Australia, is a must to visit. The architecture of the gallery itself is __2__ (fascinate) and unique. Many types of paintings are separately on display based on the painters' country of origin. It is __3__ (rough) estimated that there are at least a thousand paintings in the gallery. It even has a special section where paintings by art students are exhibited. The quality and the __4__ (imagine) of the young painters are also extraordinary.
Among all those exhibits, the aboriginal (土著的) paintings are the most striking. There is a sad history surrounding the natives of Australia. In the 19th century, when white __5__ (settler) came to Australia, most of the children of the aboriginals __6__ (take) away from their own parents and brought up by white parents. Some of the paintings express this theme, __7__could move visitors to tears.
During holidays, the gallery is always crowded __8__ parents and their children. __9__ is amazing to see small children appreciating such abstract paintings.
The National Art Gallery is truly __10__ attraction worth visiting.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于澳大利亚堪培拉中心地带的一个值得参观的景点——国家美术馆。
1．答案：located
解析：考查非谓语动词。固定短语(be) located in/on/at意为“位于……”，此处省略be动词，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填located。
2．答案：fascinating
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用 ing的形容词fascinating作表语，修饰The architecture，意为“迷人的”。故填fascinating。
3．答案：roughly
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰动词estimated，作状语，意为“粗略地”。故填roughly。
4．答案：imagination
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作主语，意为“想象力”，为不可数名词。故填imagination。
5．答案：settlers
解析：考查名词。设空处应用名词作主语。settler为可数名词，意为“定居者”，此处表示复数意义。故填settlers。
6．答案：were taken
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语，句子表示过去的事实，应使用一般过去时，同时主语most of the children与take away之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数概念，be动词用were。故填were taken。
7．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为theme，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。
8．答案：with
解析：考查介词。be crowded with是固定搭配，意为“挤满……”。故填with。
9．答案：It
解析：考查代词。此处应用形式主语it指代真正的主语to see small children appreciating such abstract paintings。句首单词首字母应大写。故填It。
10．答案：an
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一个值得参观的景点”，attraction为可数名词单数，且发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an限定。故填an。
18(共71张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 4 Meeting the muse
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
4
课前自主预习
Grammar(动词不定式、动词－ing形式和过去分词作表语)
①Every artist's wish is to create something that expresses an idea.
②He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”．
③Yang Liping's passion is dancing.
④My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.
⑤Everybody was shocked at the news.
⑥The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!
⑦My job is to teach.
⑧What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
(1)动词－ing形式作表语的句子有________。
(2)动词不定式作表语的句子有____________。
(3)过去分词作表语的句子有________。
③⑥
①④⑦⑧
②⑤
精讲课时语法
一、动词不定式作表语
1．不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
2．如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也用不定式(表示结果)。
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残酷。
3．如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或是what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。
①My job is to drive them to the company every day.
我的工作就是每天开车送他们去公司。
②My purpose is to help you feel less stressed.
我的目的是帮助你减少压力。
(1)单句语法填空
Danny's homework is ________ (write) a poem.
(2)单句表达
我的愿望是去太空。
My wish is ________________．
to write
to go to space
二、动词－ing形式作表语
作表语的动词－ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing ... 这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
①The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
②Travelling worldwide is interesting but tiring.
周游世界是有趣的，但也是令人疲劳的。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。对主语起修饰限制作用，多表示主语所具有的特征。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
名师点津
(1)不定式和动词－ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词－ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。
(2)如果主语是动名词，表语也用动名词。
Helping others is helping yourself.
帮助别人就是帮助自己。
(1)单句语法填空
①My hobby is ___________ (collect) stamps.
②What you said is really ________ (inspire).
③Waiting alone for two hours was really ________ (tire)．
(2)单句表达
①他的工作是粉刷墙。
His job ______________________________．
②目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。
The present situation ______________________．
collecting
inspiring
tiring
is painting walls
is encouraging
三、过去分词作表语
1．过去分词作表语的用法
过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。
①He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后，他显得很忧虑。
②When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.
当我们听说这件事时，被深深地打动了。
③My grandfather was delighted to hear I overcame the difficulty.
我祖父听到我克服了困难的消息后感到很高兴。
④He is dead drunk.
他喝得烂醉。
名师点津
表示人的心理、情绪变化的一些动词－ed形式(surprised, disappointed, delighted, excited, pleased等)及其他一些动词－ed形式(dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known, married, bent, recovered, separated等)常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表示状态，无被动意义。
(1)单句语法填空
We got a little ___________________ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
(2)单句表达
①你为什么总是看上去很疲惫？
Why do you always ________________？
②我对昨晚看的电影很失望；我原以为它能好些。
I _________________ at the film I saw last night; I had expected it to be better.
sunburned/sunburnt
look tired
was disappointed
2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作，后常跟“by＋动作的执行者”。
①The cup is broken.
杯子碎了。(系表结构)
②The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是汤姆打破的。(被动语态)
单句表达
①这本书写得很好。
The book __________________．
②这本书是他去年写的。
The book __________________ last year.
is well written
was written by him
3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。
常用的这类词有：
①We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
②His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
(1)单句语法填空
①The ___________ look on her face suggested that she was ____________ by the _____________ scene.(frighten)
②The news was ________ and they were all ________ at it.(excite)
③We all felt _____________ at the ____________ news.(encourage)
④The audience were all ________ to tears by the ________ film.(move)
frightened
frightened
frightening
exciting
excited
encouraged
encouraging
moved
moving
(2)单句表达
①爱丽丝对这一切都感到困惑，她很想换个话题。
Alice __________________ the whole thing, and longed to change the subject.
②她对那个结果似乎相当满意。
She seemed pretty ____________ the result.
③我们对表演的节目很感兴趣。
We ____________________ what has been performed.
④这座新楼真漂亮。
The new building _________________ the eye.
was puzzled by
satisfied with
are very interested in
was pleasing to
Vocabulary
1 trend n. 趋势，动向(教材P56)
归纳拓展
①But recently, we have seen a gradual trend towards healthier food.
但近来，我们注意到人们逐渐倾向于吃更健康的食物。
②His designs often set the trend for the new season.
他的设计经常引领新一季的潮流走向。
(1)单句语法填空
①It's difficult to assess whether this is ________ new trend.
②He sees a trend _________ “de－urbanization” across America.
(2)单句表达
①提前退休的趋势越来越明显。
There is ________________________ earlier retirement.
②你们似乎开创了一种新潮流。
You seem ________________________．
③世界历史的总趋势任何人也改变不了。
No one can change ________________ of world history.
a
towards
a growing trend towards
to have set a new trend
the general trend
2 contrast n. 反差，对比(教材P57)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①There's a marked contrast between his character and hers.
他和她的性格形成鲜明的对比。
②It is interesting to contrast the two writers.
将这两位作家加以比较是很有意思的。
③In this book, the writer contrasts good with evil.
在这本书里，作者对比了善与恶。
(1)单句语法填空
①Sports and games, ________ contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.
②The white walls make ________ contrast with the black carpet.
(2)单句表达
①美与丑相对存在。
The beautiful exists _________________ the ugly.
②你今天的成果与上周截然不同。
The work you did today is _________________ what you did last week.
in/by
a
in contrast to/with
quite a contrast to
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Her ideas seem a little ________ (抽象的).
2．I don't expect a band always to be ____________ (创新的)．
3．Experts say it is an international t________ to adopt PM2.5 to check air quality.
4．The coasted areas have mild winters, but by c________ the central plains become extremely cold.
5．The fence was strengthened with w________．
abstract
innovative
rend
ontrast
ire
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．You can do almost anything ________ the digital age.
2．The ____________ expression on his face showed that the question was ____________．(puzzle)
3．The ant queen's work is ________ (lay) eggs.
4．There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _______________ (disappoint).
5．The radiation of nuclear bombing is ____________ (terrify)．
in
puzzled
puzzling
laying
disappointed
terrifying
6．My work is _________ (clean) the room every day.
7．We were __________ (amaze) by the change in his appearance.
8．They are ________ (high) skilled workers.
9．The government is __________ (keep) a close watch on how the situation develops.
10．She felt __________ (satisfy) with her performance on the high and low bars.
to clean
amazed
highly
keeping
satisfied
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．我太激动了，迫不及待地想穿上它们。
So ________________ that I couldn't wait to try wearing them.
2．您能来参加我们的英语周活动，我们深感荣幸。
We _________________ to have you here in the middle of our English Week activities.
3．艺术家们可以通过他们的作品进行深度交流。
Artists can deeply communicate with each other ________________．
excited was I
are/feel honoured
via their works
4．他善于利用光线和阴影陈述他的态度。
He was good at _________________ by using light and shadows.
5．这座城市三面环山。
The city ______________ on three sides by mountains.
6．创造型经济是城市经济的永久来源。
Creational Economy is the __________________ of city economy.
7．由于火山灰云，四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。
In April, thousands of holidaymakers ________________ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
stating his attitude
is surrounded
ever lasting source
remained stuck
8．我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化。
Our goal is_______________________________ in the near future.
9．他们把草案呈交给总统，总统看完后，点了点头，签了字。
They presented their draft to the president, ______________________， nodded and signed it.
10．我刚才正要问你一件事情。
I was just ________________ you something.
realizing the four modernizations
who looked it over
about to ask
课后课时作业
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B 难度 ★ ★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Seven year old artist Kieron Williamson has sold his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in just 14 minutes, setting the world record for the youngest successful painter.
His latest paintings of landscapes (风景), seascapes and churches were supposed to be on display for a month at the Picturecraft Gallery in Holt. They went on sale at 9 am but were bought by 9：14 am, some by telephone from abroad.
Kieron is red__hot. People are saying that he could become an all time great artist. They want his paintings as investments (投资) because they think the price will go up.
The last child artist was Picasso. And Kieron is getting better and better. The pace at which he learns is quite amazing. He has a very mature mind and has mastered certain techniques at an early stage which some artists would take years to perfect. His work has been very unusual and impressive. His use of tone, color and light is wonderful. The way he gets his paintings to do the talking is extremely good. He just paints when he wants. He still likes playing football and playing computer games like any other seven year olds.
Inspired to start painting on a family holiday in Devon and Cornwall, Kieron was just six when he asked his parents for paper to draw a boat and swiftly developed a mature and confident talent for seascapes and countryside scenes that has been described as close to the “young Picasso”．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名儿童画家 Kieron Williamson (基伦·威廉森)和他的水彩画。
The talented boy described his show's sellout success as “brilliant”. “Painting is my favorite hobby but I like football as well，” said Kieron, who is so absorbed in painting that he is always drawing from getting up to going to school.
1．Kieron Williamson set the world record for the youngest painter by ________．
A．selling his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in 14 minutes
B．drawing as many as 16 watercolours in 14 minutes
C．painting landscapes as a child of seven
D．earning the most money for 16 watercolours
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，七岁画家 Kieron Williamson 仅仅在14分钟内就以17，000英镑的价格卖掉了他的16幅水彩画，创造了世界纪录。故选A。
2．The underlined words “red hot” here probably mean “________”．
A．in bright color and high temperature
B．in high fever
C．very popular
D．very smart
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，人们说Kieron可能会成为一位伟大的画家，并认为他的画会增值，因此人们都想要收藏他的画作为投资。由此可推知，Kieron很受欢迎，因此，画线词意为“受欢迎”。故选C。
3．What is Kieron's work like according to the text
A．Strange. B．Outstanding.
C．Ordinary. D．Common.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“His work has been very unusual and impressive. His use of tone, color and light is wonderful.”可知，Kieron的作品与众不同，给人以深刻的印象，他对色调、颜色和光线的使用都是绝妙的。由此可推知，他的画非常出色。故选B。
4．From the text we know that Kieron learned to paint ________．
A．by himself B．from his parents
C．by copying Picasso D．from his teacher
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Kieron 在 Devon(德文)和Cornwall(康沃尔)度假时开始绘画，当时他六岁，向父母要纸画船，很快培养了成熟自信的画海景和乡村景色的才能，被认为近似年轻的毕加索。全文没提到他的老师，由此可推知，他是自学绘画的。故选A。
B
Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch Baroque painter and printmaker, one of the greatest storytellers in the history of art, has an unusual ability to express people in their various moods. Rembrandt is also known as a painter of light and shade and as an artist who favored an uncompromising (不妥协的) realism.
Early in his career and for some time, Rembrandt painted mainly portraits (肖像). Although he continued to paint portraits throughout his career, he did so less frequently over time. Nearly one tenth of his paintings consist of studies of his own face as well as more formal self portraits.
Seen over his whole career, the changes in Rembrandt's style are worthy of attention. His approach to composition and his expression of space and light tend to make a gradual change, even within a single work. The painting known as Night Watch (1642) was clearly a turning point in his stylistic development. These changes are not the result of an involuntary evolution (无意识的演进); rather they should be seen as a clear minded search in pictorial and narrative sides, sometimes as if he were in discussion with his great previous generations.
Rembrandt quickly achieved fame among Dutch art lovers and an art buying public for his history paintings as well as his portraits and self portraits. His unusual drawings, which in fact were done as practice exercises or as studies for other works, were also collected by current art lovers. Certain artists in 18th century Germany and Venice even adopted his style. He was respected during the Romantic era and was considered a forerunner (先驱) of the Romantic movement; from that__point he was regarded as one of the greatest figures in art history. In the Netherlands itself, his fortunes have once again risen, and he has become a symbol of both greatness and Dutchness.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰艺术家Rembrandt van Rijn (伦勃朗·凡·瑞恩)对艺术的贡献。
5．Why is Rembrandt called “one of the greatest storytellers in the history of art” in Paragraph 1
A．He was good at telling good stories.
B．His own life story is well worth telling.
C．He could use light and shade skillfully.
D．He could show people's moods vividly.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Rembrandt van Rijn ... their various moods.”可知，Rembrandt被称为“艺术史上最伟大的说书人之一”是因为他能生动地传达出人物的情绪。故选D。
6．What features Rembrandt's early career
A．His preference for portraits.
B．His vivid description of beauty.
C．His unintended search of changes.
D．His high fame among art lovers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Early in his career and for some time, Rembrandt painted mainly portraits (肖像)．”可知，Rembrandt早期的职业生涯特点是他喜欢画肖像画。故选A。
7．What can we expect from Night Watch
A．A painting style without any change.
B．Different expression of space and light.
C．An involuntary evolution in narrative respects.
D．Similar content to that of those painted before.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“His approach to ... his stylistic development.(他的构图方法和对空间和光线的表达倾向于逐渐变化。即使在单一作品中也是如此。这幅名为《守夜人》的画作显然是他风格发展的转折点。)”可推知，我们能从《守夜人》中了解到空间与光线的不同表达。故选B。
8．What do the underlined words “that point” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Rembrandt's contributions to the Romantic movement.
B．Rembrandt's influence on contemporary art lovers.
C．Rembrandt's unusual portraits and self portraits.
D．Rembrandt's influence on artists in 18th century Europe.
解析：指代判断题。根据画线部分所在句(他在浪漫主义时代受到尊敬，被认为是浪漫主义运动的先驱，从那时起，他被认为是艺术史上最伟大的人物之一。)可知，此处that point指代Rembrandt van Rijn对浪漫主义运动所作出的贡献。故选A。
Ⅱ 七选五
Music is present in any part of the world, and it is appreciated and felt everywhere. Without its presence, life could be boring. Studies show that music is good for your body and mind. __1__
Music can increase pain management. Listening to music can help increase your pain tolerance (耐痛性). __2__ Listening to music can help you gain a sense of control over your ability to deal with pains. If you have a certain pain, for example, listening to music that you enjoy can help reduce the pain that you experience.
__3__ Listening to certain types of music, such as relaxing music, can naturally reduce both your heartbeat rate and breathing rate. Additionally, music has shown promising results as a treatment for heart disease. Whether it involves listening to music or composing music, the calming effect that music produces further improves your heart's health by supporting it throughout the healing process.
Music can reduce anxiety and depression. __4__ When it comes to anxiety and depression, music treatment can help to reduce the amount of stress hormones. For example, listening to music that you enjoy can naturally decrease the amount of cortisol (皮质醇) that your body releases.
Music can improve self expression and communication. Self expression and communication are an important part of the human experience, especially when it comes to basic emotional and mental health needs. __5__By listening and singing along to music, kids who struggle to interact and communicate with others can practice using the very skills needed to do so.
A．Music can improve heart health.
B．Music can increase your heartbeat rate.
C．Here are some benefits of music treatment.
D．They are two common pains in your daily life.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐治疗的一些好处。
E．It has been proved to be helpful for anxious and depressed people.
F．Listening to music can also help decrease the strength of your pains.
G．For kids weak in both areas, music treatment can help develop their relative skills.
1．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Studies show that music is good for your body and mind.”以及下文各段首句可知，本文介绍了音乐的一些好处，C项(这里有一些音乐治疗的好处。)承上启下。故选C。
2．答案：F
解析：根据上文“Listening to music can help increase your pain tolerance (耐痛性)．”和下文“Listening to music can help ... deal with pains.”可知，F项(听音乐也可以帮助减轻你疼痛的强度。)承上启下。故选F。
解析：设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲听音乐对心脏健康有好处，A项(音乐可以促进心脏健康。)符合本段主旨。故选A。
3．答案：A
解析：根据本段首句“Music can reduce anxiety and depression.”可知，音乐可以减少焦虑和抑郁，E项(它已被证明对焦虑和抑郁的人有帮助。)符合语境，其中的“It”指代上文中的“Music”。故选E。
4．答案：E
5．答案：G
解析：根据上文“Self expression and communication are an important part ... mental health needs.(自我表达和沟通是人类经验的重要组成部分，尤其是在基本的情感和心理健康需求方面。)”可知，G项(对于这两方面都较弱的孩子，音乐治疗可以帮助他们发展相关技能。)承接上文。故选G。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The National Art Gallery, __1__ (locate) at the heart of Canberra, Australia, is a must to visit. The architecture of the gallery itself is __2__ (fascinate) and unique. Many types of paintings are separately on display based on the painters' country of origin. It is __3__ (rough) estimated that there are at least a thousand paintings in the gallery. It even has a special section where paintings by art students are exhibited. The quality and the __4__ (imagine) of the young painters are also extraordinary.
Among all those exhibits, the aboriginal (土著的) paintings are the most striking. There is a sad history surrounding the natives of Australia. In the 19th century, when white __5__ (settler) came to Australia, most of the children of the aboriginals __6__ (take) away from their own parents and brought up by white parents. Some of the paintings express this theme, __7__could move visitors to tears.
During holidays, the gallery is always crowded __8__ parents and their children. __9__ is amazing to see small children appreciating such abstract paintings.
The National Art Gallery is truly __10__ attraction worth visiting.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于澳大利亚堪培拉中心地带的一个值得参观的景点——国家美术馆。
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
1．答案：located
解析：考查非谓语动词。固定短语(be) located in/on/at意为“位于……”，此处省略be动词，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填located。
2．答案：fascinating
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用 ing的形容词fascinating作表语，修饰The architecture，意为“迷人的”。故填fascinating。
3．答案：roughly
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰动词estimated，作状语，意为“粗略地”。故填roughly。
4．答案：imagination
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作主语，意为“想象力”，为不可数名词。故填imagination。
5．答案：settlers
解析：考查名词。设空处应用名词作主语。settler为可数名词，意为“定居者”，此处表示复数意义。故填settlers。
6．答案：were taken
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语，句子表示过去的事实，应使用一般过去时，同时主语most of the children与take away之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数概念，be动词用were。故填were taken。
7．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为theme，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。
8．答案：with
解析：考查介词。be crowded with是固定搭配，意为“挤满……”。故填with。
9．答案：It
解析：考查代词。此处应用形式主语it指代真正的主语to see small children appreciating such abstract paintings。句首单词首字母应大写。故填It。
10．答案：an
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一个值得参观的景点”，attraction为可数名词单数，且发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an限定。故填an。
