英语 选择性必修 第一册 WY
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Sky Railway
天路
Sitting back in my seat, I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”．
靠坐在火车的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining.
这列火车离开西宁后一直平稳地行驶着。
All this time, the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head.
一路上，《天路》这首歌一直在我的脑海里回荡。
The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”．
当我经过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”这句歌词似乎变得特别生动。
词句自测 ①steadily adv. 平稳地 ②massive adj. 巨大的 ③“主(The words)系(seem)表(particularly vivid)”。as I travel across the “roof of the world”是as引导的时间状语从句。
I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on this railway.
我是来自中国各地为这条铁路工作的人之一。
Taking years to complete, the Qinghai Xizang Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges.
青藏铁路历时数年建成，记录了我们为克服最艰巨的工程挑战所做的全部努力。
How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是人们最关心的问题之一。
The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's longest bridge built over permafrost.
首先映入眼帘的地标建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，这是世界上最长的建在永久冻土上的桥。
词句自测 ④delicate adj. 脆弱的 ⑤landmark n. 地标 ⑥splendid adj. 壮丽的 ⑦permafrost n. 永久冻土层 ⑧“主(How to protect the delicate ecosystem)系(was)表(among the top concerns)”。本句为疑问词加不定式作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。
Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure.
看！一群藏羚羊正在桥下活动，有些停下来在悠闲地吃草。
Thirty three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.
铁路下面已经修建了33条通道，让动物们在它们的自然栖息地安全自由地活动。
Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.
现在像藏羚羊这样的野生动物已经使用这些通道很多年了。
They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.
它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多公里的速度飞驰而过。
词句自测 ⑨Tibetan adj. 西藏的 ⑩antelope n. 羚羊 leisure n. 空闲，闲暇 at__one's__leisure 空闲时
To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.
为了防止湿地和草原受到破坏，格尔木和拉萨之间修建了675座桥，总长约160 公里。
We even moved 140，000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.
我们甚至把14万平方米的湿地搬到了一个新的区域，以保护其独特的生态系统。
The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station.
火车一路疾驰，不知不觉中，我们就到了唐古拉车站。
Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world.
它位于海拔5，000多米的地方，是世界上海拔最高的火车站。
In locations such as this, the thin air, changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers.
在这样的位置，空气稀薄，天气多变，紫外线辐射强，这些可能是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。
To make sure we stayed healthy, several oxygen making stations were constructed.
为了保证我们的健康，建造了几个制氧站。
We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.
我们还可以在较低的地方享受定期休息。
词句自测 wetland n. 湿地 grassland n. 草原 radiation n. 辐射 “主(675 bridges)谓(were built)”。To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands是目的状语；with a total length of about 160 kilometres是后置定语，修饰bridges; between Golmud and Lhasa是地点状语。
As we pass Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and achievement.
当我们经过措那湖的时候，我感到一种自豪感和成就感。
Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, we built a twenty kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste.
我们用成千上万的沙袋沿湖边筑了一道20公里长的墙，以保护它免受建筑垃圾(的污染)。
Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror like surface.
措那湖离铁路很近，以至于我想伸手去触摸一下它那淡蓝色如镜面般的湖水。
Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.
水鸟在湖上嬉戏，牛羊在草原上悠闲漫步，使这里的风景充满勃勃生机。
The Qinghai Tibet Plateau has been attracting people's admiration for centuries.
几个世纪以来，青藏高原一直饱受人们的赞誉。
Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes.
现在，由于我们的努力，来自全国各地的乘客都可以欣赏这些神奇的风景。
I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway, and did so with the care that the environment deserves.
让我感到自豪的是，我们修建了“不可能的”铁路，而且也兼顾了保护环境。
It truly is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”．
这真是一条非凡的“天路”。
词句自测 mirror like adj. 如镜面般的 wander v. 徘徊 scenery n. 风景，景色 plateau n. 高原 “主(Water birds, and cattle and sheep)谓(bring)宾(the scenery)＋宾补(to life)”。playing in the lake是Water birds的后置定语，wandering the grasslands是cattle and sheep的后置定语。
1 wander v. 徘徊(教材P84)
归纳拓展
①When she got bored, she wandered around the fair.
烦闷时，她便在集市上四处闲逛。
②Don't wander off too far, children.
孩子们，不要跑开太远。
(1)单句语法填空
①He was constraining his mind not to wander ________ the task.
②The best way to experience hutong life is to simply wander ________ the alleys, either on foot or by bicycle.
答案：①from ②around
(2)单句表达
①在他年轻的时候，他想要周游世界。
He wanted to ____________________________ when he was young.
②你回想起他的房间号码了吗？
Do you ________________________ his room number
答案：①wander around the world ②wander back to
2 scenery n. 风景，景色(教材P84)
易混 辨析
情景助记
①We passed through much beautiful scenery on our journey through the Lake District.
在穿越湖区的旅途中，我们路过不少美丽的景色。
②The mountain scene lay before our hotel.
展现在我们旅馆面前的是山区风景。
③They will see the sights of the West Lake.
他们就要看到西湖的美景了。
④From the tower you can get a beautiful view of the city.
从高塔上你可以将城市的美景尽收眼底。
选词填空(scenery/scene/sight/view)
①The ________ along the Three Gorges is wonderful.
②There is a lovely ________ from the window.
③There is a happy ________ of children playing in the garden.
④The Great Wall is one of the most famous ________ in the world.
答案：①scenery ②view ③scene ④sights
1 Sitting back in my seat, I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”．(教材P82) 靠坐在火车的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
剖析 be about to do表示将来，意为“刚要；即将”。
归纳拓展
①You'd better fasten your seat belt; the plane is about to take off.
你最好系好安全带，飞机马上要起飞了。
②She was about to leave when some guests came.
她刚要离开，这时来了一些客人。
单句表达
①我正要离开，马克来了。
I ____________________ Mark arrived.
②巡逻队能发现是否有情况正在发生或即将发生。
The patrol can detect if something is going down or __________________ go down.
答案：①was about to leave when ②is about to
2 The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station.(教材P83) 火车一路疾驰，不知不觉中，我们就到了唐古拉车站。
剖析 before引导时间状语从句。
归纳拓展
①If you miss this chance, it will be years before you get another one.
如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能获得另一次机会。
②It was several months before we solved the financial problem of our company.
我们花了几个月的时间才解决了公司的财务问题。
(1)单句语法填空
It will be half a year ________ you graduate from the school.
答案：before
(2)单句表达
①很长一段时间后她才从手术中康复。
__________________________ she recovered from the operation.
②半个小时后，他们才离开阅览室。
______________________ they leave the reading room.
答案：①It was a long time before ②It will be half an hour before
3 Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world.(教材P83) 它位于海拔5，000多米的地方，是世界上海拔最高的火车站。
剖析 Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level是过去分词短语作状语。
归纳拓展
①Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
②When (he was) asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有收获。
③Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.(动宾关系)
由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
④Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系)
在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。
名师点津 如果其逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
巧学助记 分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用－ing，被动用-ed。
(1)单句语法填空
①________ (look) from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.
②________ (discuss) many times, the problems were settled at last.
③The child slipped and fell, ________ (hit) his head against the door.
④The professor, ________ (follow) by his assistants, walked out of the hall.
答案：①Looked ②Discussed ③hitting ④followed
(2)句型转换
①She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved.
→She accepted the gift, ________________．
②Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.
→____________________________， he never gave up any hope.
③If it is used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
→________________， one tin will last for six weeks.
答案：①deeply moved ②Defeated by his opponent ③Used with care
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．The material can absorb outward going ________ (辐射) from the earth.
答案：radiation
2．The ________ (草原) smelt fresh and sweet after rain.
答案：grassland
3．The Great Wall Hotel used to be a ________ (地标) of Beijing.
答案：landmark
4．The eye is one of the most ________ (脆弱的) organs of the body.
答案：delicate
5．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising ________ (平稳地) since 2009.
答案：steadily
6．Tibet has many endangered animals, such as the a________．
答案：antelope
7．On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a m________ explosion.
答案：massive
8．China is a multiethnic country with a long history and a s________ culture.
答案：splendid
9．My busy schedule leaves little time for l________．
答案：leisure
10．The beautiful s________ in Switzerland is very attractive to the tourists from the whole world.
答案：scenery
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I'll appreciate it if you can come ________ your leisure.
答案：at
2．The work is progressing ________ (steady)．
答案：steadily
3．Remember what I'm about ________ (tell) you.
答案：to tell
4．I ________ (suffer) from the bad cold since three days ago.
答案：have been suffering
5．Is that the best way ________ (solve) the problem
答案：to solve
6．________ (design) very cleverly to fit into corners, the shelf doesn't take up much room.
答案：Designed
7．It ________ (not be) working properly for three weeks.
答案：hasn't been
8．________ you ever ________ (expect) the good news all along
答案：Have; been expecting
9．I ________ (do) community service work in Oakland for the past several years.
答案：have been doing
10．We ________ (see) quite a lot of each other recently.
答案：have been seeing
Ⅲ.选词填空
catch one's eye; reach out; overcome the challenge; be about to; at one's leisure
1．Be quiet. The film ____________ start.
答案：is about to
2．The white seabirds flying above the water ____________．
答案：caught my eye
3．If you ____________ your hand as far as you can, you can touch it.
答案：reach out
4．Please look through the paper ____________．
答案：at your leisure
5．This website was created to help students ____________ of the TOEFL test.
答案：overcome the challenge
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．周末在她有空的时候，她喜欢读小说或者去公园。
________________， she enjoyed reading novels or went to the park at weekends.
答案：At her leisure
2．一旦失去，这样的机会可能永远不会再来。
____________， such a chance might never come again.
答案：Once lost
3．火车就要开了，可我还没到站台。
The train ____________________ while I was not even on the platform.
答案：was about to leave
4．无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。
Windy or rainy, our teacher is always ________________________．
答案：the first to get to school
5．你得先完成作业才能看电视。
You are to finish your homework ________________________．
答案：before you watch TV
较易题(占比75%) 中档题(占比25%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
In television programs we often see pandas __1__ funny games. Children have panda toys and beautiful cards with pictures of lovely __2__ in them. They often visit the giant pandas in the zoos on __3__ holidays and have a good time there. However, scientists are worried about the __4__ of giant pandas. They know only about 1，000 giant pandas remain __5__ today. They think the giant pandas will die out in 30 years if the present conditions are not __6__．
It is reported that the giant pandas have a very __7__ birth rate. There are several reasons for the low __8__. The main reason is that male pandas can mate with females in a very __9__ season—only a few days a year. When they do have babies, females often produce two pandas, but the mother is usually not able to care for __10__ of them. The newborn pandas __11__ only a few kilograms each. They are too weak to live without special care. In the zoo, scientists can help the mothers __12__ the young pandas, but those living in the wild do not get enough __13__. It is very difficult for mother pandas to bring up their young pandas.
Giant pandas now live in 13 separate __14__ areas in China. Several years ago the Chinese government and the International Wildlife Organization agreed __15__ a project of protecting giant pandas in the wild. We hope it could be useful.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了大熊猫的生存状况，以及中国为保护大熊猫而采取的措施。
1．A.play B．playing
C．do D．doing
答案：A
解析：动词短语play games“玩游戏”。see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事；see sb do sth 看见某人做某事。根据设空前“often”可知，应用play。故选A。
2．A.pandas B．children
C．bamboos D．zoos
答案：A
解析：此处指带有可爱熊猫图案的卡片。故选A。
3．A.our B．their
C．your D．his
答案：B
解析：根据设空前“They often visit the giant pandas”可知，此处与they保持一致应用their。故选B。
4．A.past B．now
C．future D．present
答案：C
解析：此处指科学家担心大熊猫的“未来”。故选C。
5．A.live B．lives
C．lively D．alive
答案：D
解析：live 活的(作定语)；lively 生动的；alive活着的(作表语)。故选D。
6．A.turned B．increased
C．improved D．considered
答案：C
解析：句意：他们认为如果目前这种状况不改善的话，大熊猫在三十年之内将会灭绝。improve意为“改善，改进”。故选C。
7．A.low B．proper
C．high D．right
答案：A
解析：此处指大熊猫出生率低。故选A。
8．A.price B．speed
C．birth rate D．limit
答案：C
解析：此处指这里有些大熊猫出生率低的原因。birth rate“出生率”。故选C。
9．A.short B．long
C．suitable D．certain
答案：A
解析：根据设空后“only a few days a year”可知，此处表示非常短的季节。故选A。
10．A.all B．both
C．none D．neither
答案：B
解析：根据设空前“two pandas”可知，此处指母熊猫不能同时照顾它们两个。故选B。
11．A.weight B．heavy
C．weigh D．heaviness
答案：C
解析：weigh为动词，意为“重，重达……”；weight为名词，意为“重量”。此处缺少谓语动词。故选C。
12．A.have B．raise
C．observe D．care
答案：B
解析：此处指科学家协助母熊猫抚养小熊猫。故选B。
13．A.help B．food
C．water D．milk
答案：A
解析：此处指生活在野外的大熊猫得不到足够的帮助。故选A。
14．A.protected B．protecting
C．defending D．guarding
答案：A
解析：此处指大熊猫目前生活在13个独立的保护区。protected areas意为“受到保护的地区”。故选A。
15．A.to B．with
C．in D．on
答案：D
解析：此处指中国政府和国际野生动植物组织在保护野生大熊猫的计划上达成共识。agree on“在……上取得共识”。故选D。
Ⅱ 阅读
A
Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sport”. Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take part in it realize the cruelty and destruction.
The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led a long way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and gun carrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins (静脉). They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate a desire to own a gun.
Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wild land habitat.Habitat loss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting There doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved.
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sports shooting to the great majority of people.
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to live as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage wars.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了以枪杀野生动物为“运动”这一现象，以及对野生动物生存现状的影响，表达了作者对野生动物生存状况的担心。
1．According to the text, how many reasons cause the wildlife to disappear
A．1. B．2.
C．3. D．4.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wild land habitat.”可知，枪杀和栖息地的破坏造成了野生动植物的消失。故选B。
2．According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because________．
A．they have little knowledge of it
B．it helps to build human character
C．it is too costly to stop killing wildlife
D．they want to keep wildlife under control
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it.”可知，人们因为对枪杀运动了解太少而不反对猎杀。故选A。
3．The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means “________”．
A．form B．condition
C．pain D．sadness
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在分句意为“但是我们知道伤害动物和看着动物们经历死亡的痛苦是让每个人都高兴不起来的事情”。agony“极大的痛苦”。故选C。
B
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking: survival is never certain. Nevertheless, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had spotted a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2 to－3 week old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also motivate our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者救助了一只小猫头鹰的故事。
4．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1
A．Efforts made in vain.
B．Getting injured in his work.
C．Feeling uncertain about his future.
D．Creatures forced out of their homes.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Trying to help injured ... is never certain.(努力帮助受伤、流离失所或生病的生物可能会令人心碎：生存从来都不确定。)”可知，并不能保证动物在获救后能活下来，由此可推知，在作者的拯救工作中，徒劳的努力是不可避免的。故选A。
5．Why was the author called to Muttontown
A．To comfort a woman.
B．To rescue a woman.
C．To cure a young owl.
D．To look at a baby owl.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I got a rescue call ... on the ground.(我接到了一个来自Muttontown的女人打来的救援电话。她发现地上有一只小猫头鹰。)”以及第三段中的“I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine.”可知，作者被叫到Muttontown是去查看一只小猫头鹰的。故选D。
6．What made the chick calm down
A．Some food. B．A new nest.
C．Its parents. D．A recording.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I placed the chick ... calmed down.”可知，是这个窝让小猫头鹰平静下来的。故选B。
7．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
A．It's beautiful. B．It's humorous.
C．It's unexpected. D．It's pessimistic.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“A nervous night ... on us all！(一个紧张的夜晚是肯定的，但有时大自然的灵魂会向我们所有人微笑！)”可推知，作者认为这件事的结果是美好的。故选A。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．海洋的重要性；
2．保护海洋的倡议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．短文的标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Protecting Ocean
When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious.
[精彩范文]
Protecting Ocean
When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
Ocean plays a key role in our world. Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus, it is imperative to protect ocean. First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. For example, garbage can't be thrown into ocean. What's more, we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is.
All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean. To protect ocean is to protect ourselves.
6(共70张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6 Nurturing nature
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
４
课前预习自检
The Sky Railway
天路
Sitting back in my seat, I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”．
靠坐在火车的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining.
这列火车离开西宁后一直平稳地行驶着。
All this time, the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head.
一路上，《天路》这首歌一直在我的脑海里回荡。
The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”．
当我经过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”这句歌词似乎变得特别生动。
词句自测
①________ adv. 平稳地
② ________ adj. 巨大的
③“主(The words)系(seem)表(particularly vivid)”。as I travel across the “roof of the world”是as引导的__________从句。
steadily
massive
时间状语
I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on this railway.
我是来自中国各地为这条铁路工作的人之一。
Taking years to complete, the Qinghai Xizang Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges.
青藏铁路历时数年建成，记录了我们为克服最艰巨的工程挑战所做的全部努力。
How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是人们最关心的问题之一。
The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's longest bridge built over permafrost.
首先映入眼帘的地标建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，这是世界上最长的建在永久冻土上的桥。
词句自测
④ ________ adj. 脆弱的
⑤ _________ n. 地标
⑥ ________ adj. 壮丽的
⑦ ___________ n. 永久冻土层
⑧“主(How to protect the delicate ecosystem)系(was)表(among the top concerns)”。本句为疑问词加________作主语，谓语动词通常用________ 。
delicate
landmark
splendid
permafrost
不定式
单数
Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure.
看！一群藏羚羊正在桥下活动，有些停下来在悠闲地吃草。
Thirty three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.
铁路下面已经修建了33条通道，让动物们在它们的自然栖息地安全自由地活动。
Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.
现在像藏羚羊这样的野生动物已经使用这些通道很多年了。
They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.
它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多公里的速度飞驰而过。
词句自测
⑨ ________ adj. 西藏的
⑩ ________ n. 羚羊
________ n. 空闲，闲暇
________________ 空闲时
Tibetan
antelope
leisure
at one's leisure
To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.
为了防止湿地和草原受到破坏，格尔木和拉萨之间修建了675座桥，总长约160 公里。
We even moved 140，000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.
我们甚至把14万平方米的湿地搬到了一个新的区域，以保护其独特的生态系统。
The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station.
火车一路疾驰，不知不觉中，我们就到了唐古拉车站。
Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world.
它位于海拔5，000多米的地方，是世界上海拔最高的火车站。
In locations such as this, the thin air, changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers.
在这样的位置，空气稀薄，天气多变，紫外线辐射强，这些可能是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。
To make sure we stayed healthy, several oxygen making stations were constructed.
为了保证我们的健康，建造了几个制氧站。
We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.
我们还可以在较低的地方享受定期休息。
词句自测
________ n. 湿地
_________ n. 草原
________ n. 辐射
“主(675 bridges)谓(were built)”。To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands是____________ ；with a total length of about 160 kilometres是_________ ，修饰bridges; between Golmud and Lhasa是________________ 。
wetland
grassland
radiation
目的状语
后置定语
地点状语
As we pass Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and achievement.
当我们经过措那湖的时候，我感到一种自豪感和成就感。
Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, we built a twenty kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste.
我们用成千上万的沙袋沿湖边筑了一道20公里长的墙，以保护它免受建筑垃圾(的污染)。
Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror like surface.
措那湖离铁路很近，以至于我想伸手去触摸一下它那淡蓝色如镜面般的湖水。
Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.
水鸟在湖上嬉戏，牛羊在草原上悠闲漫步，使这里的风景充满勃勃生机。
The Qinghai Tibet Plateau has been attracting people's admiration for centuries.
几个世纪以来，青藏高原一直饱受人们的赞誉。
Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes.
现在，由于我们的努力，来自全国各地的乘客都可以欣赏这些神奇的风景。
I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway, and did so with the care that the environment deserves.
让我感到自豪的是，我们修建了“不可能的”铁路，而且也兼顾了保护环境。
It truly is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”．
这真是一条非凡的“天路”。
词句自测
___________ adj. 如镜面般的
________ v. 徘徊
________ n. 风景，景色
________ n. 高原
21 “主(Water birds, and cattle and sheep)谓(bring)宾(the scenery)＋宾补(to life)”。playing in the lake是Water birds的__________ ，wandering the grasslands是cattle and sheep的____________。
mirror like
wander
scenery
plateau
后置定语
后置定语
重点合作探究
1 wander v. 徘徊(教材P84)
归纳拓展
①When she got bored, she wandered around the fair.
烦闷时，她便在集市上四处闲逛。
②Don't wander off too far, children.
孩子们，不要跑开太远。
(1)单句语法填空
①He was constraining his mind not to wander ________ the task.
②The best way to experience hutong life is to simply wander ________ the alleys, either on foot or by bicycle.
(2)单句表达
①在他年轻的时候，他想要周游世界。
He wanted to _________________________ when he was young.
②你回想起他的房间号码了吗？
Do you __________________ his room number
from
around
wander around the world
wander back to
2 scenery n. 风景，景色(教材P84)
易混 辨析
情景 助记
①We passed through much beautiful scenery on our journey through the Lake District.
在穿越湖区的旅途中，我们路过不少美丽的景色。
②The mountain scene lay before our hotel.
展现在我们旅馆面前的是山区风景。
③They will see the sights of the West Lake.
他们就要看到西湖的美景了。
④From the tower you can get a beautiful view of the city.
从高塔上你可以将城市的美景尽收眼底。
选词填空(scenery/scene/sight/view)
①The ________ along the Three Gorges is wonderful.
②There is a lovely ______ from the window.
③There is a happy ________ of children playing in the garden.
④The Great Wall is one of the most famous ________ in the world.
scenery
view
scene
sights
1 Sitting back in my seat, I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”．(教材P82)
靠坐在火车的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
剖析 be about to do表示将来，意为“刚要；即将”。
归纳 拓展
①You'd better fasten your seat belt; the plane is about to take off.
你最好系好安全带，飞机马上要起飞了。
②She was about to leave when some guests came.
她刚要离开，这时来了一些客人。
单句表达
①我正要离开，马克来了。
I _______________________ Mark arrived.
②巡逻队能发现是否有情况正在发生或即将发生。
The patrol can detect if something is going down or __________________ go down.
was about to leave when
is about to
2 The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station.(教材P83)
火车一路疾驰，不知不觉中，我们就到了唐古拉车站。
剖析 before引导时间状语从句。
归纳拓展
①If you miss this chance, it will be years before you get another one.
如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能获得另一次机会。
②It was several months before we solved the financial problem of our company.
我们花了几个月的时间才解决了公司的财务问题。
(1)单句语法填空
It will be half a year ________ you graduate from the school.
(2)单句表达
①很长一段时间后她才从手术中康复。
__________________________ she recovered from the operation.
②半个小时后，他们才离开阅览室。
__________________________ they leave the reading room.
before
It was a long time before
It will be half an hour before
3 Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world.(教材P83)
它位于海拔5，000多米的地方，是世界上海拔最高的火车站。
剖析 Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level是过去分词短语作状语。
归纳 拓展
①Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
②When (he was) asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有收获。
③Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.(动宾关系)
由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
④Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系)
在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。
名师点津
如果其逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
巧学助记 分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用－ing，被动用-ed。
(1)单句语法填空
①_________ (look) from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.
②__________ (discuss) many times, the problems were settled at last.
③The child slipped and fell, ________ (hit) his head against the door.
④The professor, ________ (follow) by his assistants, walked out of the hall.
Looked
Discussed
hitting
followed
(2)句型转换
①She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved.
→She accepted the gift, ________________．
②Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.
→____________________________， he never gave up any hope.
③If it is used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
→________________， one tin will last for six weeks.
deeply moved
Defeated by his opponent
Used with care
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．The material can absorb outward going ________ (辐射) from the earth.
2．The ________ (草原) smelt fresh and sweet after rain.
3．The Great Wall Hotel used to be a ________ (地标) of Beijing.
4．The eye is one of the most ________ (脆弱的) organs of the body.
5．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising ________ (平稳地) since 2009.
radiation
grassland
landmark
delicate
steadily
6．Tibet has many endangered animals, such as the a________．
7．On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a m________ explosion.
8．China is a multiethnic country with a long history and a s________ culture.
9．My busy schedule leaves little time for l________．
10．The beautiful s________ in Switzerland is very attractive to the tourists from the whole world.
ntelope
assive
plendid
eisure
cenery
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I'll appreciate it if you can come ________ your leisure.
2．The work is progressing ________ (steady)．
3．Remember what I'm about ________ (tell) you.
4．I ___________________ (suffer) from the bad cold since three days ago.
5．Is that the best way ________ (solve) the problem
at
steadily
to tell
have been suffering
to solve
6．_________ (design) very cleverly to fit into corners, the shelf doesn't take up much room.
7．It __________ (not be) working properly for three weeks.
8．________ you ever _______________ (expect) the good news all along
9．I _______________ (do) community service work in Oakland for the past several years.
10．We ______________ (see) quite a lot of each other recently.
Designed
hasn't been
Have
been expecting
have been doing
have been seeing
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Be quiet. The film ____________ start.
2．The white seabirds flying above the water ____________．
3．If you ____________ your hand as far as you can, you can touch it.
4．Please look through the paper ____________．
5．This website was created to help students __________________________ of the TOEFL test.
is about to
catch one's eye; reach out; overcome the challenge; be about to; at one's leisure
caught my eye
reach out
at your leisure
overcome the challenge
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．周末在她有空的时候，她喜欢读小说或者去公园。
______________， she enjoyed reading novels or went to the park at weekends.
2．一旦失去，这样的机会可能永远不会再来。
____________， such a chance might never come again.
3．火车就要开了，可我还没到站台。
The train ____________________ while I was not even on the platform.
4．无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。
Windy or rainy, our teacher is always ________________________．
5．你得先完成作业才能看电视。
You are to finish your homework _____________________．
At her leisure
Once lost
was about to leave
the first to get to school
before you watch TV
课后课时作业
较易题(占比75%) 中档题(占比25%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★
Ⅰ 完形填空
In television programs we often see pandas __1__ funny games. Children have panda toys and beautiful cards with pictures of lovely __2__ in them. They often visit the giant pandas in the zoos on __3__ holidays and have a good time there. However, scientists are worried about the __4__ of giant pandas. They know only about 1，000 giant pandas remain __5__ today. They think the giant pandas will die out in 30 years if the present conditions are not __6__．
It is reported that the giant pandas have a very __7__ birth rate. There are several reasons for the low __8__. The main reason is that male pandas can mate with females in a very __9__ season—only a few days a year. When they do have babies, females often produce two pandas, but the mother is usually not able to care for __10__ of them. The newborn pandas __11__ only a few kilograms each. They are too weak to live without special care. In the zoo, scientists can help the mothers __12__ the young pandas, but those living in the wild do not get enough __13__. It is very difficult for mother pandas to bring up their young pandas.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了大熊猫的生存状况，以及中国为保护大熊猫而采取的措施。
Giant pandas now live in 13 separate __14__ areas in China. Several years ago the Chinese government and the International Wildlife Organization agreed __15__ a project of protecting giant pandas in the wild. We hope it could be useful.
1．A.play B．playing
C．do D．doing
2．A.pandas B．children
C．bamboos D．zoos
解析：动词短语play games“玩游戏”。see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事；see sb do sth 看见某人做某事。根据设空前“often”可知，应用play。故选A。
解析：此处指带有可爱熊猫图案的卡片。故选A。
3．A.our B．their
C．your D．his
4．A.past B．now
C．future D．present
解析：根据设空前“They often visit the giant pandas”可知，此处与they保持一致应用their。故选B。
解析：此处指科学家担心大熊猫的“未来”。故选C。
5．A.live B．lives
C．lively D．alive
6．A.turned B．increased
C．improved D．considered
解析： live 活的(作定语)；lively 生动的；alive活着的(作表语)。故选D。
解析：句意：他们认为如果目前这种状况不改善的话，大熊猫在三十年之内将会灭绝。improve意为“改善，改进”。故选C。
7．A.low B．proper
C．high D．right
8．A.price B．speed
C．birth rate D．limit
解析：此处指大熊猫出生率低。故选A。
解析：此处指这里有些大熊猫出生率低的原因。birth rate“出生率”。故选C。
9．A.short B．long
C．suitable D．certain
10．A.all B．both
C．none D．neither
解析：根据设空后“only a few days a year”可知，此处表示非常短的季节。故选A。
解析：根据设空前“two pandas”可知，此处指母熊猫不能同时照顾它们两个。故选B。
11．A.weight B．heavy
C．weigh D．heaviness
12．A.have B．raise
C．observe D．care
解析： weigh为动词，意为“重，重达……”；weight为名词，意为“重量”。此处缺少谓语动词。故选C。
解析：此处指科学家协助母熊猫抚养小熊猫。故选B。
13．A.help B．food
C．water D．milk
14．A.protected B．protecting
C．defending D．guarding
解析：此处指生活在野外的大熊猫得不到足够的帮助。故选A。
解析：此处指大熊猫目前生活在13个独立的保护区。protected areas意为“受到保护的地区”。故选A。
15．A.to B．with
C．in D．on
解析：此处指中国政府和国际野生动植物组织在保护野生大熊猫的计划上达成共识。agree on“在……上取得共识”。故选D。
Ⅱ 阅读
A
Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sport”. Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take part in it realize the cruelty and destruction.
The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led a long way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and gun carrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins (静脉). They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate a desire to own a gun.
Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wild land habitat.Habitat loss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting There doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved.
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sports shooting to the great majority of people.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了以枪杀野生动物为“运动”这一现象，以及对野生动物生存现状的影响，表达了作者对野生动物生存状况的担心。
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to live as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage wars.
1．According to the text, how many reasons cause the wildlife to disappear
A．1. B．2.
C．3. D．4.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wild land habitat.”可知，枪杀和栖息地的破坏造成了野生动植物的消失。故选B。
2．According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because________．
A．they have little knowledge of it
B．it helps to build human character
C．it is too costly to stop killing wildlife
D．they want to keep wildlife under control
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it.”可知，人们因为对枪杀运动了解太少而不反对猎杀。故选A。
3．The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means “________”．
A．form B．condition
C．pain D．sadness
解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在分句意为“但是我们知道伤害动物和看着动物们经历死亡的痛苦是让每个人都高兴不起来的事情”。agony“极大的痛苦”。故选C。
B
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking: survival is never certain. Nevertheless, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had spotted a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2 to－3 week old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also motivate our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者救助了一只小猫头鹰的故事。
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
4．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1
A．Efforts made in vain.
B．Getting injured in his work.
C．Feeling uncertain about his future.
D．Creatures forced out of their homes.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Trying to help injured ... is never certain.(努力帮助受伤、流离失所或生病的生物可能会令人心碎：生存从来都不确定。)”可知，并不能保证动物在获救后能活下来，由此可推知，在作者的拯救工作中，徒劳的努力是不可避免的。故选A。
5．Why was the author called to Muttontown
A．To comfort a woman.
B．To rescue a woman.
C．To cure a young owl.
D．To look at a baby owl.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I got a rescue call ... on the ground.(我接到了一个来自Muttontown的女人打来的救援电话。她发现地上有一只小猫头鹰。)”以及第三段中的“I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine.”可知，作者被叫到Muttontown是去查看一只小猫头鹰的。故选D。
6．What made the chick calm down
A．Some food. B．A new nest.
C．Its parents. D．A recording.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I placed the chick ... calmed down.”可知，是这个窝让小猫头鹰平静下来的。故选B。
7．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
A．It's beautiful.
B．It's humorous.
C．It's unexpected.
D．It's pessimistic.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“A nervous night ... on us all！(一个紧张的夜晚是肯定的，但有时大自然的灵魂会向我们所有人微笑！)”可推知，作者认为这件事的结果是美好的。故选A。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．海洋的重要性；
2．保护海洋的倡议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．短文的标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Protecting Ocean
When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Protecting Ocean
When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
Ocean plays a key role in our world. Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. Thus, it is imperative to protect ocean. First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. For example, garbage can't be thrown into ocean. What's more, we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is.
All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting ocean. To protect ocean is to protect ourselves.
