英语 选择性必修 第一册 WY
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar(现在完成进行时)
①Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.
②It has been raining since last week.
③He has been writing a novel, which will be finished next month.
④He has written a novel, which is being prepared to come out now.
⑤I have been visiting my hometown recently, and it impresses me differently each time.
⑥I have visited my hometown recently, whose changes have left a deep impression on me.
⑦Recently she has always been helping me.
⑧Recently she has helped me a lot.
(1)由例句①②③可以看出现在完成进行时的构成形式为：________________。
(2)比较例句③④，________________强调动作未完成；而____________强调动作已经结束。
(3)比较例句⑤⑥，________________强调动作的重复，____________可以表示一次性动作。
(4)比较例句⑦⑧，________________表示一种感彩；____________则陈述一种事实。
答案：(1)have/has＋been＋doing (2)现在完成进行时 现在完成时 (3)现在完成进行时 现在完成时 (4)现在完成进行时 现在完成时
一、现在完成进行时的基本含义和结构
1．基本含义：表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的动作；表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的动作；表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的动作，通常表示一种感彩(关切、惊异、愤怒、赞许等)。现在完成进行时常和recently, all day, this week等状语或for, since引导的时间状语连用。
2．基本结构：have/has＋been＋doing
①We have been waiting for you for half an hour.(动作刚结束)
我们一直等了你半个小时。
②I have been learning English since three years ago.(动作仍在进行)
自从三年前以来，我一直在学英语。
③You have been coughing a lot lately. (关切)
近来你一直咳嗽。
④Too much has been happening today. (感慨)
今天真是个多事的日子啊。
⑤He has always been studying hard. (赞许)
他学习一直很刻苦。
名师点津 现在完成进行时兼具现在完成时及现在进行时的特点。可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性及感彩。
单句表达
①从下午四点到现在她一直在写信。
She ______________________________ since four o'clock in the afternoon.
②你一直看电视多久了？
How long ____________________________？
③她已经睡了整整6个小时，到现在还没有醒来。
She ________________ for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
④雨一直没停，已经下了3天了。
It hasn't stopped raining, and ________________ for 3 days.
答案：①has been writing the letter ②have you been watching TV ③has been sleeping ④has been raining
二、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1．现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续或反复。因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。
①I have written a book.(动作已经完成)
我已经写了一本书。
②They have been building a bridge.(动作还将继续下去)
他们一直在建造一座桥。
2．现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身。
①The repairman has repaired your car, and you can have it now.(强调车已修好了)
修理工已修好了你的车，现在你可以把它开走。
②The repairman has been repairing the car all the afternoon.(强调修车这个动作本身)
一整个下午，这位修理工一直在修车。
单句语法填空
①The manager ________ (tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
②He's finished; he ________ (complete) this lyric poem.
答案：①has been telling ②has completed
三、只可用于现在完成时的动词
状态动词：be, have, exist等；
情感动词：like, love, hate等；
感觉动词：see, hear, know, feel, sound等；
短暂性动词：finish, marry, get up, come, go等。
①I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
②They have finished the work.
他们已经完成了这份工作。
单句语法填空
①There ________ (exist) an old temple since the Ming Dynasty.
②I ________ (teach) English for almost twenty years, and I will step in another new teaching year.
③He ________ (not feel) himself since yesterday.
答案：①has existed ②have been teaching ③hasn't felt
Vocabulary
disturb v. 干扰，扰乱(教材P89)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①People should not do things that will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.
人们不应当做那些会无故打扰邻居们的事情。
②It disturbed her to realize that she was alone.
她意识到自己孤单一人，心里很不安。
③I was rather disturbed by the way she educated her children.
我对她教育她孩子的方式感到十分不安。
易混辨析：disturb/interrupt
disturb 指人的心情、睡眠、安静被干扰、妨碍，还可表示“使……不安”。
interrupt 多指由于某种外界因素，如“插嘴”而中断、打断别人的讲话或活动。
单句表达
①你如此糟蹋自己的才能使我深感不安。
________________ that you so misuse your talents.
②因为怕打扰别人，她低声说话。
For fear of ________________ she spoke with bated breath.
③我希望每个人都不会被流言蜚语打扰。
I hope everybody could not ________________ canard and rumour.
答案：①It disturbs me deeply ②disturbing others ③be disturbed by
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．The company ________ (经营者) has a representative in our city.
答案：operator
2．The mountain area is covered entirely in dense ________ (丛林)．
答案：jungle
3．I think every country should cut the e________ of carbon dioxide to protect the earth.
答案：emission
4．The Korean e________ grew at an annual rate of more than 10 percent.
答案：economy
5．If you get up early, try not to d________ everyone else.
答案：disturb
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Sorry, I'm full; I ________ (have) supper already.
答案：have had
2．Maria ________ (learn) English for two years and she does well in it.
答案：has been learning/has learned
3．Tom ________ (work) in the library every night over the last three months.
答案：has been working
4．Hello, Tom; I ________ (look) for you all morning.
答案：have been looking
5．All these years they ________ (contribute) articles to our magazine.
答案：have been contributing
6．They ________ (marry) for almost 15 years.
答案：have been married
7．The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning.
答案：has been playing
8．We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
答案：have been waiting
9．Do you mean to tell me that Barry ________ (steal) money from that shop all the time
答案：has been stealing
10．You know, all morning I ________ (move) my properties to my new office on the third floor.
答案：have been moving
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．我们整个下午一直在打扫教室。
We ________________ the classroom all the afternoon.
答案：have been cleaning
2．她一贯是那样工作的。
She ________________________ like that.
答案：has always been working
3．这本书我已经读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。
I ________________________ for two hours, but I haven't finished it.
答案：have been reading this book
4．最近我们一直经常见面。
We ________________ quite a lot of each other recently.
答案：have been seeing
5．他的爸爸去北京了。
His father ________________ Beijing.
答案：has gone to
6．汤姆参军三年了。
Tom ________________ for three years.
答案：has been a soldier
7．他还没有找到他的钢笔。
He ____________ his pen yet.
答案：hasn't found
8．她的英语老师离开中国三年了。
Her English teacher ________________ from China for three years.
答案：has been away
9．自去年春天以来，他们去钓了五次鱼。
They ________________________ five times since last spring.
答案：have gone fishing
10．我听说他已经回来了。
I hear he ____________ back.
答案：has come
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Half of the world's coral reefs have died in the last 30 years. Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest survive.
The planet's health depends on the survival of coral reefs. They are often described as underwater rainforests. In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms. Corals are used in medical research on treatment for diseases. They are key to local economies, as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dollars of revenue (收入)．
Corals are invertebrates, or animals that lack a backbone. They live mostly in tropical waters. The corals release a substance called calcium carbonate, which forms protective skeletons around them. The skeletons grow and take on vivid colors. This is the result of the corals' symbiotic (共生的), or mutually beneficial, relationship, with algae (藻类) that live in their tissues and give them energy.
But corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. A rise of just 1 to 2 ℃ can force the corals to drive out the algae. Then the corals' skeletons turn white in a process called “bleaching (白化)”. Corals can survive in these higher temperatures only for a few months.
The problem for the reefs increased greatly during a recent extended El Nino weather phenomenon. In 2015-2016, the longer El Nino warmed the Pacific near the equator, which led to the most widespread bleaching of coral reefs ever recorded. This bleaching event continues to create problems for the world's reefs.
In the Indian Ocean, near the islands of the Maldives, about 73% of the coral reefs suffered bleaching between March and May 2016. Areas in the central Pacific were hit the hardest—about 90% of the reefs were destroyed in the waters of the Republic of Kiribati.
And the problem is not just global warming. The reefs have also been affected by pollution, coastal development, and overfishing.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁受到污染、过量捕捞、白化等威胁，在最近的30年里，世界上有一半的珊瑚礁已然死亡，保护珊瑚礁，迫在眉睫。
1．What's the focus of Paragraph 2
A．The vital role of coral reefs.
B．The seriousness of pollution.
C．The importance of ocean species.
D．The difficulties of protecting reefs.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“underwater rainforests”“serve as barriers that protect coastlines”和“medical research on treatment for diseases”以及“key to local economies”可知，第二段强调了珊瑚礁的重要作用。故选A。
2．What is the character of corals
A．They are fish friendly.
B．They are tropical species.
C．They depend on algae to survive.
D．They can reflect different colors.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is the result of the corals' symbiotic (共生的), or mutually beneficial, relationship, with algae (藻类)”可知，珊瑚与藻类共生互利，由此可推知，珊瑚依靠藻类生存。故选C。
3．What is the result of the El Nino in 2015-2016
A．Coral reefs are extinct in Kiribati.
B．The Indian Ocean suffered the most.
C．Most of the world's reefs fell victim to it.
D．It caused record breaking coral bleaching.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In 2015-2016, the longer El Nino warmed the Pacific near the equator, which led to the most widespread bleaching of coral reefs ever recorded.”可知，2015～2016年厄尔尼诺现象导致了有史以来最大范围的珊瑚白化。故选D。
B
It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.
Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.
This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn't last long.
The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and there seemed to be more insects around lately.
The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides and medicines. Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn't been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.
Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述印度一个小村庄的人们在外乡人的诱导下为了追求金钱收益捕杀青蛙，结果破坏了生态平衡。意识到这个问题后，他们及时停止了捕杀，重新回到了宁静的乡村生活。
4．From Paragraph 1, we learn that the villagers ________．
A．worked very hard for centuries
B．dreamed of having a better life
C．were poor but somewhat content
D．lived a different life from their forefathers
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy.”可知，村民贫困，但他们很幸福。故选C。
5．Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs
A．The frogs were easy money.
B．They needed money to buy medicine.
C．They wanted to please the visitors.
D．The frogs made too much noise.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This seemed like money for nothing.”可推知，青蛙容易得到，并能赚到钱，村民才答应卖青蛙。故选A。
6．What might be the cause of the children's sickness
A．The crops didn't do well.
B．There were too many insects.
C．The visitors brought in diseases.
D．The pesticides were overused.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容和倒数第二段中的“They had been doing an important job ... the crops and spreading diseases.”可推知，庄稼收成不好，孩子生病与青蛙减少、害虫增多有关。故选B。
7．What can we infer from the last sentence of the text
A．Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.
B．Health is more important than money.
C．The harmony between man and nature is important.
D．Good old days will never be forgotten.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一句(这些夜晚的声音现在有了更深的含义。)可推知，人与自然的和谐是重要的。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
Urban Wildlife
Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors from the wild, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.Cities are built for humans. __1__ For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant flowers, we destroy natural habitats.
__2__ When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats. __3__ Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors. The bats are a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo. __4__
If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors to the wildlife around us. __5__ Our own future will be endangered too.
A．They are built to protect birds.
B．Our actions sometimes help other species.
C．If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D．They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.
E．Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move about freely.
F．At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.
G．They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者对于人类城市与野生动物关系的思考。
1．答案：D
解析：根据上文“Cities are built for humans.”可知，城市是为人类建造的。此处应说明城市对野生动物的生存环境产生的影响。D项(它们并不总是为野生动物提供住所。)承接上文。故选D。
2．答案：B
解析：根据下文“This made a good home for bats”可知，这为蝙蝠创造了一个好的家。此处应说明人类行为对其他物种的影响。B项(我们的行为有时会帮助其他物种。)引出下文。故选B。
3．答案：F
解析：根据下文“Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors.”可知，现在，他们已经开始珍视有翅膀的邻居。此处应说明之前人们对蝙蝠的反应。F项(起初，人们害怕蝙蝠，并试图摆脱它们。)引出下文。故选F。
4．答案：E
解析：根据上文“In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo.”可知，在许多方面，公园与动物园是相反的。此处应说明公园与动物园的不同。E项(野生动物可以自由活动，而不是被关在笼子里。)承接上文。故选E。
5．答案：C
解析：根据上文“If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors to the wildlife around us.”可知，如果我们学会分享我们的空间，我们就能成为野生动物更好的邻居。此处应说明不这样做的坏处。C项(如果我们不这样做，更多的物种将灭绝。)承接上文。故选C。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The Amazon rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world, crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. It covers __1__ area of around 6 million square kilometres. It is named after the Amazon River, __2__ is close to 6，400 kilometres in length, __3__ (support) many different ecosystems, which give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth, one tenth known species in the world living in it.
There are __4__ (variety) of plants in the Amazon rainforest. Of the 390，000 plant species known to us, over 40，000 can be found there. The forest's different levels support an __5__ (believe) variety of wildlife. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
There are more than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals living there. Among them __6__ (be) the jaguar, which can survive here.
The Amazon rainforest is not only home to numerous species of animals and plants but also known as the “lungs of the planet”， because it breathes life __7__ the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. But over the past 50 years, 17 per cent of the rainforest __8__ (disappear) due to human activities. And some species are also in danger of __9__ (extinct). __10__ is time for us to do something to protect it.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马孙雨林的重要性和其面临的危险。
1．答案：an
解析：考查冠词。短语cover an area of ...意为“占地面积为……”，属于固定搭配。故填an。
2．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Amazon River (亚马孙河)，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3．答案：supporting
解析：考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为is named，故设空处为非谓语，且动词support与其逻辑主语It之间是主动关系，应用现在分词supporting作状语。故填supporting。
4．答案：varieties
解析：考查名词。此处表达的意思是“各种各样的植物”，设空前没有冠词a或an，应用固定短语varieties of “各种各样的”。故填varieties。
5．答案：unbelievable
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词修饰名词variety，此处指“令人难以置信的各种野生动物”，应用形容词unbelievable。故填unbelievable。
6．答案：is
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。本句是倒装句，主语the jaguar (美洲虎)是可数名词单数，应用is。故填is。
7．答案：into
解析：考查介词。短语breathe life into sth意为“给……注入生命，给……带来生机”。故填into。
8．答案：has disappeared
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the past 50 years可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语the rainforest是可数名词单数，助动词要用has。故填has disappeared。
9．答案：extinction
解析：考查词性转换。短语in danger of “处于……的危险中”后面应用名词作介词of的宾语，此处表示“面临灭绝的危险”。故填extinction。
10．答案：It
解析：考查代词。it is time for sb to do sth “是某人做某事的时候了”为固定句型，句首单词首字母应大写。故填It。
14(共56张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 6 Nurturing nature
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
4
课前自主预习
Grammar(现在完成进行时)
①Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.
②It has been raining since last week.
③He has been writing a novel, which will be finished next month.
④He has written a novel, which is being prepared to come out now.
⑤I have been visiting my hometown recently, and it impresses me differently each time.
⑥I have visited my hometown recently, whose changes have left a deep impression on me.
⑦Recently she has always been helping me.
⑧Recently she has helped me a lot.
(1)由例句①②③可以看出现在完成进行时的构成形式为：______________________。
(2)比较例句③④，________________强调动作未完成；而____________强调动作已经结束。
(3)比较例句⑤⑥，________________强调动作的重复，____________可以表示一次性动作。
(4)比较例句⑦⑧，________________表示一种感彩；____________则陈述一种事实。
have/has＋been＋doing
现在完成进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
现在完成时
精讲课时语法
一、现在完成进行时的基本含义和结构
1．基本含义：表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的动作；表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的动作；表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的动作，通常表示一种感彩(关切、惊异、愤怒、赞许等)。现在完成进行时常和recently, all day, this week等状语或for, since引导的时间状语连用。
2．基本结构：have/has＋been＋doing
①We have been waiting for you for half an hour.(动作刚结束)
我们一直等了你半个小时。
②I have been learning English since three years ago.(动作仍在进行)
自从三年前以来，我一直在学英语。
③You have been coughing a lot lately. (关切)
近来你一直咳嗽。
④Too much has been happening today. (感慨)
今天真是个多事的日子啊。
⑤He has always been studying hard. (赞许)
他学习一直很刻苦。
名师点津
现在完成进行时兼具现在完成时及现在进行时的特点。可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性及感彩。
单句表达
①从下午四点到现在她一直在写信。
She ______________________________ since four o'clock in the afternoon.
②你一直看电视多久了？
How long ____________________________？
③她已经睡了整整6个小时，到现在还没有醒来。
She ________________ for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
④雨一直没停，已经下了3天了。
It hasn't stopped raining, and ________________ for 3 days.
has been writing the letter
have you been watching TV
has been sleeping
has been raining
二、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1．现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续或反复。因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。
①I have written a book.(动作已经完成)
我已经写了一本书。
②They have been building a bridge.(动作还将继续下去)
他们一直在建造一座桥。
2．现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身。
①The repairman has repaired your car, and you can have it now.(强调车已修好了)
修理工已修好了你的车，现在你可以把它开走。
②The repairman has been repairing the car all the afternoon.(强调修车这个动作本身)
一整个下午，这位修理工一直在修车。
单句语法填空
①The manager ________________ (tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
②He's finished; he ____________ (complete) this lyric poem.
has been telling
has completed
三、只可用于现在完成时的动词
状态动词：be, have, exist等；
情感动词：like, love, hate等；
感觉动词：see, hear, know, feel, sound等；
短暂性动词：finish, marry, get up, come, go等。
①I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
②They have finished the work.
他们已经完成了这份工作。
单句语法填空
①There __________ (exist) an old temple since the Ming Dynasty.
②I ________________ (teach) English for almost twenty years, and I will step in another new teaching year.
③He __________ (not feel) himself since yesterday.
has existed
have been teaching
hasn't felt
Vocabulary
disturb v. 干扰，扰乱(教材P89)
归纳 拓展
情景 助记
①People should not do things that will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.
人们不应当做那些会无故打扰邻居们的事情。
②It disturbed her to realize that she was alone.
她意识到自己孤单一人，心里很不安。
③I was rather disturbed by the way she educated her children.
我对她教育她孩子的方式感到十分不安。
易混辨析：disturb/interrupt
disturb 指人的心情、睡眠、安静被干扰、妨碍，还可表示“使……不安”。
interrupt 多指由于某种外界因素，如“插嘴”而中断、打断别人的讲话或活动。
单句表达
①你如此糟蹋自己的才能使我深感不安。
____________________ that you so misuse your talents.
②因为怕打扰别人，她低声说话。
For fear of ________________ she spoke with bated breath.
③我希望每个人都不会被流言蜚语打扰。
I hope everybody could not ________________ canard and rumour.
It disturbs me deeply
disturbing others
be disturbed by
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．The company ________ (经营者) has a representative in our city.
2．The mountain area is covered entirely in dense ________ (丛林)．
3．I think every country should cut the e________ of carbon dioxide to protect the earth.
4．The Korean e________ grew at an annual rate of more than 10 percent.
5．If you get up early, try not to d________ everyone else.
operator
jungle
mission
conomy
isturb
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Sorry, I'm full; I ________ (have) supper already.
2．Maria _________________________ (learn) English for two years and she does well in it.
3．Tom __________________ (work) in the library every night over the last three months.
4．Hello, Tom; I _________________ (look) for you all morning.
5．All these years they _______________________ (contribute) articles to our magazine.
have had
has been learning/has learned
has been working
have been looking
have been contributing
6．They _________________ (marry) for almost 15 years.
7．The little boy is dirty all over because he ________________ (play) in the mud all the morning.
8．We ________________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
9．Do you mean to tell me that Barry ________________ (steal) money from that shop all the time
10．You know, all morning I ________________ (move) my properties to my new office on the third floor.
have been married
has been playing
have been waiting
has been stealing
have been moving
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．我们整个下午一直在打扫教室。
We _________________ the classroom all the afternoon.
2．她一贯是那样工作的。
She ________________________ like that.
3．这本书我已经读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。
I ________________________ for two hours, but I haven't finished it.
4．最近我们一直经常见面。
We ________________ quite a lot of each other recently.
5．他的爸爸去北京了。
His father ____________ Beijing.
have been cleaning
has always been working
have been reading this book
have been seeing
has gone to
6．汤姆参军三年了。
Tom ________________ for three years.
7．他还没有找到他的钢笔。
He ____________ his pen yet.
8．她的英语老师离开中国三年了。
Her English teacher ________________ from China for three years.
9．自去年春天以来，他们去钓了五次鱼。
They ________________________ five times since last spring.
10．我听说他已经回来了。
I hear he ____________ back.
has been a soldier
hasn't found
has been away
have gone fishing
has come
课后课时作业
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
Half of the world's coral reefs have died in the last 30 years. Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest survive.
The planet's health depends on the survival of coral reefs. They are often described as underwater rainforests. In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms. Corals are used in medical research on treatment for diseases. They are key to local economies, as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dollars of revenue (收入)．
Corals are invertebrates, or animals that lack a backbone. They live mostly in tropical waters. The corals release a substance called calcium carbonate, which forms protective skeletons around them. The skeletons grow and take on vivid colors. This is the result of the corals' symbiotic (共生的), or mutually beneficial, relationship, with algae (藻类) that live in their tissues and give them energy.
But corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. A rise of just 1 to 2 ℃ can force the corals to drive out the algae. Then the corals' skeletons turn white in a process called “bleaching (白化)”. Corals can survive in these higher temperatures only for a few months.
The problem for the reefs increased greatly during a recent extended El Nino weather phenomenon. In 2015-2016, the longer El Nino warmed the Pacific near the equator, which led to the most widespread bleaching of coral reefs ever recorded. This bleaching event continues to create problems for the world's reefs.
In the Indian Ocean, near the islands of the Maldives, about 73% of the coral reefs suffered bleaching between March and May 2016. Areas in the central Pacific were hit the hardest—about 90% of the reefs were destroyed in the waters of the Republic of Kiribati.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁受到污染、过量捕捞、白化等威胁，在最近的30年里，世界上有一半的珊瑚礁已然死亡，保护珊瑚礁，迫在眉睫。
And the problem is not just global warming. The reefs have also been affected by pollution, coastal development, and overfishing.
1．What's the focus of Paragraph 2
A．The vital role of coral reefs.
B．The seriousness of pollution.
C．The importance of ocean species.
D．The difficulties of protecting reefs.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“underwater rainforests”“serve as barriers that protect coastlines”和“medical research on treatment for diseases”以及“key to local economies”可知，第二段强调了珊瑚礁的重要作用。故选A。
2．What is the character of corals
A．They are fish friendly.
B．They are tropical species.
C．They depend on algae to survive.
D．They can reflect different colors.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is the result of the corals' symbiotic (共生的), or mutually beneficial, relationship, with algae (藻类)”可知，珊瑚与藻类共生互利，由此可推知，珊瑚依靠藻类生存。故选C。
3．What is the result of the El Nino in 2015-2016
A．Coral reefs are extinct in Kiribati.
B．The Indian Ocean suffered the most.
C．Most of the world's reefs fell victim to it.
D．It caused record breaking coral bleaching.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In 2015-2016, the longer El Nino warmed the Pacific near the equator, which led to the most widespread bleaching of coral reefs ever recorded.”可知，2015～2016年厄尔尼诺现象导致了有史以来最大范围的珊瑚白化。故选D。
B
It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.
Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.
This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn't last long.
The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and there seemed to be more insects around lately.
The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides and medicines. Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn't been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述印度一个小村庄的人们在外乡人的诱导下为了追求金钱收益捕杀青蛙，结果破坏了生态平衡。意识到这个问题后，他们及时停止了捕杀，重新回到了宁静的乡村生活。
Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.
4．From Paragraph 1, we learn that the villagers ________．
A．worked very hard for centuries
B．dreamed of having a better life
C．were poor but somewhat content
D．lived a different life from their forefathers
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy.”可知，村民贫困，但他们很幸福。故选C。
5．Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs
A．The frogs were easy money.
B．They needed money to buy medicine.
C．They wanted to please the visitors.
D．The frogs made too much noise.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This seemed like money for nothing.”可推知，青蛙容易得到，并能赚到钱，村民才答应卖青蛙。故选A。
6．What might be the cause of the children's sickness
A．The crops didn't do well.
B．There were too many insects.
C．The visitors brought in diseases.
D．The pesticides were overused.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容和倒数第二段中的“They had been doing an important job ... the crops and spreading diseases.”可推知，庄稼收成不好，孩子生病与青蛙减少、害虫增多有关。故选B。
7．What can we infer from the last sentence of the text
A．Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country.
B．Health is more important than money.
C．The harmony between man and nature is important.
D．Good old days will never be forgotten.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一句(这些夜晚的声音现在有了更深的含义。)可推知，人与自然的和谐是重要的。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
Urban Wildlife
Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors from the wild, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.Cities are built for humans. __1__ For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant flowers, we destroy natural habitats.
__2__ When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats. __3__ Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors. The bats are a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo. __4__
If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors to the wildlife around us. __5__ Our own future will be endangered too.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者对于人类城市与野生动物关系的思考。
A．They are built to protect birds.
B．Our actions sometimes help other species.
C．If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D．They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.
E．Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move about freely.
F．At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.
G．They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.
1．答案：D
2．答案：B
解析：根据上文“Cities are built for humans.”可知，城市是为人类建造的。此处应说明城市对野生动物的生存环境产生的影响。D项(它们并不总是为野生动物提供住所。)承接上文。故选D。
解析：根据下文“This made a good home for bats”可知，这为蝙蝠创造了一个好的家。此处应说明人类行为对其他物种的影响。B项(我们的行为有时会帮助其他物种。)引出下文。故选B。
3．答案：F
4．答案：E
解析：根据下文“Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors.”可知，现在，他们已经开始珍视有翅膀的邻居。此处应说明之前人们对蝙蝠的反应。F项(起初，人们害怕蝙蝠，并试图摆脱它们。)引出下文。故选F。
解析：根据上文“In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo.”可知，在许多方面，公园与动物园是相反的。此处应说明公园与动物园的不同。E项(野生动物可以自由活动，而不是被关在笼子里。)承接上文。故选E。
5．答案：C
解析：根据上文“If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors to the wildlife around us.”可知，如果我们学会分享我们的空间，我们就能成为野生动物更好的邻居。此处应说明不这样做的坏处。C项(如果我们不这样做，更多的物种将灭绝。)承接上文。故选C。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The Amazon rainforest, the largest rainforest in the world, crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. It covers __1__ area of around 6 million square kilometres. It is named after the Amazon River, __2__ is close to 6，400 kilometres in length, __3__ (support) many different ecosystems, which give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth, one tenth known species in the world living in it.
There are __4__ (variety) of plants in the Amazon rainforest. Of the 390，000 plant species known to us, over 40，000 can be found there. The forest's different levels support an __5__ (believe) variety of wildlife. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
There are more than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals living there. Among them __6__ (be) the jaguar, which can survive here.
The Amazon rainforest is not only home to numerous species of animals and plants but also known as the “lungs of the planet”， because it breathes life __7__ the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. But over the past 50 years, 17 per cent of the rainforest __8__ (disappear) due to human activities. And some species are also in danger of __9__ (extinct). __10__ is time for us to do something to protect it.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马孙雨林的重要性和其面临的危险。
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
1．答案：an
2．答案：which
解析：考查冠词。短语cover an area of ...意为“占地面积为……”，属于固定搭配。故填an。
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Amazon River (亚马孙河)，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3．答案：supporting
4．答案：varieties
解析：考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为is named，故设空处为非谓语，且动词support与其逻辑主语It之间是主动关系，应用现在分词supporting作状语。故填supporting。
解析：考查名词。此处表达的意思是“各种各样的植物”，设空前没有冠词a或an，应用固定短语varieties of “各种各样的”。故填varieties。
5．答案： unbelievable
6．答案： is
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词修饰名词variety，此处指“令人难以置信的各种野生动物”，应用形容词unbelievable。故填unbelievable。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。本句是倒装句，主语the jaguar (美洲虎)是可数名词单数，应用is。故填is。
7．答案： into
8．答案： has disappeared
解析：考查介词。短语breathe life into sth意为“给……注入生命，给……带来生机”。故填into。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the past 50 years可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语the rainforest是可数名词单数，助动词要用has。故填has disappeared。
9．答案： extinction
10．答案： It
解析：考查词性转换。短语in danger of “处于……的危险中”后面应用名词作介词of的宾语，此处表示“面临灭绝的危险”。故填extinction。
解析：考查代词。it is time for sb to do sth “是某人做某事的时候了”为固定句型，句首单词首字母应大写。故填It。
