知识过关第4讲 语法一【核心考点集训】2025秋仁爱版英语八年级上册期末复习学案(pdf版+word版,原卷版+解析版)

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名称 知识过关第4讲 语法一【核心考点集训】2025秋仁爱版英语八年级上册期末复习学案(pdf版+word版,原卷版+解析版)
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知识过关第4讲 语法
Unit4 Growing by Changing
一、后缀 -less 与 -ful
核心含义:
后缀 -ful 表示 “充满…… 的、具有…… 性质的”,加在名词后构成形容词,强调事物具备某种积极或特定属性。
后缀 -less 表示 “无…… 的、缺乏…… 的”,加在名词后构成形容词,强调事物不具备某种属性,多含否定或消极意义。
常见例词:
词根(名词) →加-ful构成的形容词 → 加-less构成的形容词
care careful 仔细的、小心的 careless 粗心的、不小心的
help helpful 有帮助的 helpless 无助的
use useful 有用的 useless 无用的
joy joyful 快乐的 joyless 无乐趣的
harm harmful 有害的 harmless 无害的
用法示例:
The doctor gave me some helpful advice.(医生给了我一些有用的建议。)
It’s careless of you to leave the door open.(你把门开着,太粗心了。)
Smoking is harmful to your health.(吸烟对你的健康有害。)
This old machine is useless now.(这台旧机器现在没用了。)
二、过去进行时
1. 构成规则:主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词(v.-ing)
第一人称单数(I)/ 第三人称单数(he/she/it)用 was;
第二人称(you)/ 第一人称复数(we)/ 第三人称复数(they)用 were;
否定式:在 was/were 后加 not(wasn’t/weren’t);
疑问式:将 was/were 提到主语前。
核心用法
表示过去某个特定时刻正在进行的动作,常搭配具体时间状语(如 at 8:00 last night, this time yesterday)。
例:I was watching TV at 7 p.m. yesterday.(昨天晚上 7 点我正在看电视。)
(2)表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作,常搭配时间段状语(如 from 9 to 11 a.m. last Sunday)。
例:They were planting trees from 9 to 11 a.m. last Saturday.(上周六上午 9 点到 11 点他们正在种树。)
(3)描述过去两个同时进行的动作,常用 “while” 或 “when” 连接。
例:My mom was cooking while I was doing my homework.(我妈妈做饭时,我正在写作业。)
3. 与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时强调:动作在过去某时刻 / 某段时间内 “正在进行” 的状态(可能未完成);
一般过去时强调:动作在过去 “已发生并完成” 的事实。
例:She was reading a book last night.(昨晚她一直在看书。—— 强调 “持续阅读” 的过程)She read a book last night.(昨晚她读了一本书。—— 强调 “读完书” 的结果)
Unit5 Exploring Amazing Places
一、后缀 -y
核心含义加在名词或动词后构成形容词,常表示 “具有…… 特征的、充满…… 的、易于…… 的”,使词性从名词 / 动词转化为形容词,描述事物的性质或状态。
常见例词:
词根(名词 / 动词) →加 -y 构成的形容词
sun(名词) sunny 晴朗的
rain(名词) rainy 下雨的
wind(名词) windy 有风的
cloud(名词) cloudy 多云的
sleep(动词) sleepy 困倦的
taste(动词) tasty 美味的
luck(名词) lucky 幸运的
用法示例:
It’s a sunny day today. Let’s go for a walk.(今天天气晴朗,我们去散步吧。)
She feels sleepy because she stayed up late.(她因为熬夜了,感觉很困。)
The soup is tasty. Did you make it yourself (这汤很美味,是你自己做的吗?)
We’re lucky to get tickets for the concert.(我们很幸运买到了音乐会的票。)
二、动词不定式(to do)
基本形式由 “to + 动词原形” 构成(否定式:not to do),在句中不能单独作谓语,可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
核心用法:
作宾语:接在 want, plan, decide, hope, need, learn 等动词后。
例:I want to visit the Great Wall.(我想去参观长城。);She decided not to go out.(她决定不出去了。)
作宾语补足语:接在 ask, tell, want, teach, invite 等动词后,补充说明宾语的动作(help 后可省略 to)。
例:The teacher asked us to finish homework on time.(老师要求我们按时完成作业。);He helped me (to) carry the heavy box.(他帮我搬那个重箱子。)
作目的状语:表示 “为了……”,常位于句首或句末。
例:She gets up early to catch the early bus.(她早起是为了赶上早班车。);To improve English, I practice speaking every day.(为了提高英语,我每天练习口语。)
作定语:修饰名词,常位于名词后,说明名词的用途或属性。
例:I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。);There is no room to sit in.(没有可坐的地方了。)
Unit6 Earth and Its Neighbors
一、后缀 -ness
核心含义加在形容词后构成名词,表示 “…… 的性质、状态或程度”,将形容词描述的“属性” 转化为名词形式的 “抽象概念”。
常见例词:
词根(形容词) →加 -ness 构成的名词
kind kindness 善良、善意
sad sadness 悲伤、难过
happy happiness 幸福、快乐
dark darkness 黑暗
ill illness 疾病
weak weakness 虚弱、弱点
bright brightness 明亮、亮度
用法示例:
Her kindness made everyone like her.(她的善良让所有人都喜欢她。)
The darkness made it hard to see the road.(黑暗使我们难以看清道路。)
He couldn’t go to school because of his illness.(他因为生病不能上学了。)
The brightness of the sun hurt my eyes.(太阳的亮度刺伤了我的眼睛。)
二、形容词比较级与最高级
构成规则形容词比较级表示 “两者之间更……”,最高级表示 “三者及以上中最……”,具体构成分规则变化和不规则变化。
变化类型 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词 一般加 -er/-est tall taller tallest
以 e 结尾加 -r/-st nice nicer nicest
以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -er/-est easy easier easiest
以重读闭音节结尾(辅 + 元 + 辅),双写尾字母加 -er/-est big bigger biggest
多音节词(3 个及以上音节) 加 more/most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
部分双音节词 加 more/most 或 -er/-est(均可) clever cleverer/more clever cleverest/most clever
不规则变化 特殊记忆 good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
核心用法:
比较级:常用于 “比较级 + than” 结构,表示 “A 比 B 更……”,可用 much, a little, a lot 等修饰比较级,加强程度。
例:Mars is smaller than Earth.(火星比地球小。);This book is much more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本有趣得多。)
最高级:常用于 “the + 最高级 + 比较范围(of/in/among)” 结构,表示 “在…… 中最……”。
例:Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.(木星是太阳系中最大的行星。);She is the tallest of the three girls.(她是三个女孩中最高的。)
特殊结构:
①“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”:表示 “越……,越……”。
例:The more you practice, the better you will be.(练习得越多,你就会越好。)
②“比较级 + and + 比较级”:表示 “越来越……”。
例:The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天气变得越来越暖和了。
It’s ______ (care) of you to forget your umbrella on such a rainy day.
Jupiter is ______ (large) planet in the solar system.
I ______ (watch) TV at 8 p.m. yesterday. What about you
Today is a ______ (sun) day. Let’s go to the beach.
I want ______ (visit) the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces this summer vacation.
This story is ______ (interesting) than that one—I like it better.
The teacher gave us some ______ (help) tips on how to improve our writing.
They ______ (plant) trees in the park from 9 to 11 a.m. last Sunday.
It was ______ (rain) yesterday, so we stayed at home and watched movies.
Her ______ (kind) to the homeless cat made the cat feel warm.
Smoking is ______ (harm) to our lungs, so we should keep away from it.
The weather is getting ______ (warm) and ______ (warm) as spring comes.
My mom ______ (cook) dinner while I ______ (do) my homework last night.
She feels ______ (sleep) because she didn’t sleep well last night.
The teacher asked us ______ (finish) our homework before class.
She is ______ (tall) of the three sisters.
This old phone is ______ (use) now—its screen is broken and it can’t make calls.
______ you ______ (listen) to music this time yesterday
The ______ (wind) weather made it hard for us to ride bikes.
The ______ (dark) of the night made it hard for us to find the way back.
She gets up early ______ (catch) the first bus to school every day.
This red dress is ______ (beautiful) than the blue one.
The children felt ______ (joy) when they saw the birthday cake their parents prepared.
He ______ (not read) a book at that moment—he was playing with his cat.
The cake my mom made is very ______ (taste) — everyone likes it.
______ (much) you practice, ______ (good) you will be at playing the piano.
Without water, plants will become ______ (help) and die soon.
When the rain started, we ______ (walk) home from school.
We’re ______ (luck) to meet our favorite singer on the street.
The ______ (happy) of the children could be heard from the playground.
Do you plan ______ (go) to the concert with me this weekend
Winter is ______ (cold) season of the year in my hometown.
You should be ______ (care) when crossing the street to avoid accidents.
She ______ (talk) on the phone when her friend came to visit.
The sky is ______ (cloud) today. Maybe it will rain this afternoon.
He couldn’t go to school because of his ______ (ill).
He helped me ______ (carry) the heavy box to my room.
This movie is ______ (exciting) than the one we watched last week.
The story my grandma told last night was ______ (joy) — it made everyone laugh.
They ______ (not play) basketball yesterday afternoon—they were having a picnic.
After a long walk, he felt ______ (tire) and wanted to have a rest.
The ______ (bright) of the sun is too strong—we need to wear sunglasses.
We need ______ (learn) English well to communicate with foreigners.
Tom runs ______ (fast) than his brother.
Eating too much sugar is ______ (harm) to your teeth.
What ______ your sister ______ (do) when you got home yesterday
The soup is ______ (salt) — you put too much salt in it.
______ (improve) his speaking skills, he practices English with his partner every day.
That ______ (noise) boy always shouts in the classroom.
My parents told me ______ (not play) computer games for too long.
答案与解析
答案:careless解析:句意为 “在这样的雨天忘记带伞,你太粗心了”。“care”(名词,小心)后加后缀 “-less” 表 “缺乏…… 的”,构成 “careless”(粗心的)。
答案:the largest解析:句意为 “木星是太阳系中最大的行星”。“large”(大的)是单音节词,最高级形式为 “largest”;最高级前需加定冠词 “the”,且 “in the solar system”(在太阳系中)明确比较范围为三者及以上,故填 “the largest”。
答案:was watching解析:句意为 “昨天晚上 8 点我正在看电视,你呢?”。“at 8 p.m. yesterday”(昨天晚上 8 点)是过去特定时刻,需用过去进行时;主语 “I” 后接 “was”,“watch” 的现在分词为 “watching”,故填 “was watching”。
答案:sunny解析:句意为 “今天是晴天,我们去海滩吧”。“sun”(名词,太阳)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “具有…… 特征的”,构成 “sunny”(晴朗的),用于修饰名词 “day”,符合语境。
答案:to visit解析:句意为 “这个暑假我想去参观红河哈尼梯田”。“want”(想要)后接动词不定式作宾语,结构为 “want to do sth.”(想要做某事),故填 “to visit”。
答案:more interesting解析:句意为 “这个故事比那个更有趣 —— 我更喜欢它”。“interesting”(有趣的)是多音节词,比较级形式为 “more interesting”;“than”(比)提示用比较级,故填 “more interesting”。
答案:helpful解析:句意为 “老师给了我们一些如何提高写作的有用建议”。“help”(名词,帮助)后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “helpful”(有帮助的),用于修饰名词 “tips”。
答案:were planting解析:句意为 “上周日上午 9 点到 11 点,他们正在公园里种树”。“from 9 to 11 a.m. last Sunday”(上周日上午 9 点到 11 点)是过去时间段,需用过去进行时;主语 “They” 后接 “were”,“plant” 的现在分词为 “planting”,故填 “were planting”。
答案:rainy解析:句意为 “昨天是雨天,所以我们待在家里看电影”。“rain”(名词,雨)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “rainy”(下雨的),用于描述天气。
答案:kindness解析:句意为 “她对流浪猫的善良让猫感到温暖”。“kind”(形容词,善良的)后加后缀 “-ness” 表 “…… 的性质”,构成名词 “kindness”(善良),此处需名词作主语,故填 “kindness”。
答案:harmful解析:句意为 “吸烟对我们的肺有害,所以我们应该远离它”。“harm”(名词,伤害)后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “具有…… 性质的”,构成 “harmful”(有害的),“be harmful to”(对…… 有害)是固定搭配,故填 “harmful”。
答案:warmer; warmer解析:句意为 “随着春天的到来,天气变得越来越暖和”。“比较级 + and + 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”,“warm”(暖和的)是单音节词,比较级为 “warmer”,故填 “warmer; warmer”。
答案:was cooking; was doing解析:句意为 “昨晚我妈妈做饭时,我正在写作业”。“while”(当…… 时)连接两个过去同时进行的动作,需用过去进行时;主语 “my mom” 后接 “was cooking”,主语 “I” 后接 “was doing”,故填 “was cooking; was doing”。
答案:sleepy解析:句意为 “她因为昨晚没睡好,感觉很困”。“sleep”(动词,睡觉)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “易于…… 的”,构成 “sleepy”(困倦的),用于描述人的状态。
答案:to finish解析:句意为 “老师要求我们课前完成作业”。“ask”(要求)后接动词不定式作宾语补足语,结构为 “ask sb. to do sth.”(要求某人做某事),故填 “to finish”。
答案:the tallest解析:句意为 “她是三姐妹中最高的”。“tall”(高的)是单音节词,最高级形式为 “tallest”;最高级前需加定冠词 “the”,且 “of the three sisters”(三姐妹中)明确比较范围为三者及以上,故填 “the tallest”。
答案:useless解析:句意为 “这部旧手机现在没用了 —— 屏幕坏了,还不能打电话”。“use”(名词,用途)后加后缀 “-less” 表 “无…… 的”,构成 “useless”(无用的)。
答案:Were; listening解析:句意为 “昨天这个时候你正在听音乐吗?”。“this time yesterday”(昨天这个时候)是过去特定时刻,需用过去进行时的疑问式;主语 “you” 后接 “Were”,“listen” 的现在分词为 “listening”,故填 “Were; listening”。
答案:windy解析:句意为 “大风天气让我们很难骑自行车”。“wind”(名词,风)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “windy”(有风的),用于描述天气。
答案:darkness解析:句意为 “夜晚的黑暗让我们很难找到回家的路”。“dark”(形容词,黑暗的)后加后缀 “-ness” 表 “…… 的状态”,构成名词 “darkness”(黑暗),此处需名词作主语,故填 “darkness”。
答案:to catch解析:句意为 “她每天早起是为了赶上第一班去学校的公交车”。此处需动词不定式作目的状语,表 “为了……”,“catch”(赶上)的不定式形式为 “to catch”,故填 “to catch”。
答案:more beautiful解析:句意为 “这条红色连衣裙比蓝色的更漂亮”。“beautiful”(漂亮的)是多音节词,比较级形式为 “more beautiful”;“than”(比)提示用比较级,故填 “more beautiful”。
答案:joyful解析:句意为 “孩子们看到父母准备的生日蛋糕时,感到很开心”。“joy”(名词,快乐)后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “joyful”(快乐的),用于描述人的感受。
答案:wasn’t reading解析:句意为 “那时他没在看书 —— 他正在和他的猫玩”。“at that moment”(那时)是过去特定时刻,需用过去进行时的否定式;主语 “He” 后接 “wasn’t”,“read” 的现在分词为 “reading”,故填 “wasn’t reading”。
答案:tasty解析:句意为 “我妈妈做的蛋糕很美味 —— 每个人都喜欢”。“taste”(动词,品尝)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “具有…… 特征的”,构成 “tasty”(美味的),用于描述食物的味道。
答案:The more; the better解析:句意为 “你练习得越多,钢琴弹得就会越好”。“the + 比较级,the + 比较级” 表示 “越……,越……”;“much” 的比较级为 “more”,“good” 的比较级为 “better”,且比较级前需加定冠词 “the”,故填 “The more; the better”。
答案:helpless解析:句意为 “没有水,植物会变得无助并很快死亡”。“help”(名词,帮助)后加后缀 “-less” 表 “缺乏…… 的”,构成 “helpless”(无助的)。
答案:were walking解析:句意为 “开始下雨时,我们正在从学校走回家”。“when the rain started”(开始下雨时)是过去时间点,主句动作 “walk home”(走回家)正在进行,需用过去进行时;主语 “we” 后接 “were”,“walk” 的现在分词为 “walking”,故填 “were walking”。
答案:lucky解析:句意为 “我们很幸运能在街上遇到我们最喜欢的歌手”。“luck”(名词,运气)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “具有…… 特征的”,构成 “lucky”(幸运的),用于描述人的状态。
答案:happiness解析:句意为 “孩子们的快乐从操场上就能听到”。“happy”(形容词,快乐的)后加后缀 “-ness” 表 “…… 的状态”,构成名词 “happiness”(快乐),此处需名词作主语,故填 “happiness”。
答案:to go解析:句意为 “这个周末你计划和我一起去听音乐会吗?”。“plan”(计划)后接动词不定式作宾语,结构为 “plan to do sth.”(计划做某事),故填 “to go”。
答案:the coldest解析:句意为 “在我的家乡,冬天是一年中最冷的季节”。“cold”(冷的)是单音节词,最高级形式为 “coldest”;最高级前需加定冠词 “the”,且 “of the year”(一年中)明确比较范围为三者及以上,故填 “the coldest”。
答案:careful解析:句意为 “过马路时你应该小心,以避免事故”。“care”(名词,小心)后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “careful”(小心的),“be careful”(小心)是固定搭配。
答案:was talking解析:句意为 “当她的朋友来拜访时,她正在打电话”。“when her friend came to visit”(当她的朋友来拜访时)是过去时间点,主句动作 “talk on the phone”(打电话)正在进行,需用过去进行时;主语 “She” 后接 “was”,“talk” 的现在分词为 “talking”,故填 “was talking”。
答案:cloudy解析:句意为 “今天多云,下午可能会下雨”。“cloud”(名词,云)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “cloudy”(多云的),用于描述天气。
答案:illness解析:句意为 “他因为生病不能去上学”。“ill”(形容词,生病的)后加后缀 “-ness” 表 “…… 的状态”,构成名词 “illness”(疾病),“because of”(因为)后接名词,故填 “illness”。
答案:(to) carry解析:句意为 “他帮我把那个重箱子搬到了我的房间”。“help”(帮助)后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,“to” 可省略,结构为 “help sb. (to) do sth.”(帮助某人做某事),故填 “(to) carry”。
答案:more exciting解析:句意为 “这部电影比我们上周看的那部更令人兴奋”。“exciting”(令人兴奋的)是多音节词,比较级形式为 “more exciting”;“than”(比)提示用比较级,故填 “more exciting”。
答案:joyful解析:句意为 “奶奶昨晚讲的故事很有趣 —— 让每个人都笑了”。“joy”(名词,快乐)后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “joyful”(快乐的、有趣的),用于描述故事的特点。
答案:weren’t playing解析:句意为 “昨天下午他们没在打篮球 —— 他们正在野餐”。“yesterday afternoon”(昨天下午)是过去时间段,需用过去进行时的否定式;主语 “They” 后接 “weren’t”,“play” 的现在分词为 “playing”,故填 “weren’t playing”。
答案:tired解析:句意为 “走了很长一段路后,他感到很累,想休息一下”。“tire”(动词,使疲倦)后加后缀 “-d”(此处虽非 “-y”,但属于动词变形容词的常见形式,结合单元 “-y” 后缀核心,整体符合 “描述状态” 的语境)构成 “tired”(疲倦的),用于描述人的感受。
答案:brightness解析:句意为 “太阳的亮度太强了 —— 我们需要戴太阳镜”。“bright”(形容词,明亮的)后加后缀 “-ness” 表 “…… 的程度”,构成名词 “brightness”(亮度),此处需名词作主语,故填 “brightness”。
答案:to learn解析:句意为 “我们需要学好英语来和外国人交流”。“need”(需要)后接动词不定式作宾语,结构为 “need to do sth.”(需要做某事),故填 “to learn”。
答案:faster解析:句意为 “汤姆跑得比他哥哥快”。“fast”(快地)是单音节词,比较级形式为 “faster”;“than”(比)提示用比较级,故填 “faster”。
答案:harmful解析:句意为 “吃太多糖对你的牙齿有害”。“harm”(名词,伤害)后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “具有…… 性质的”,构成 “harmful”(有害的),“be harmful to”(对…… 有害)是固定搭配,故填 “harmful”。
答案:was; doing解析:句意为 “昨天你回家时,你姐姐正在做什么?”。“when you got home yesterday”(昨天你回家时)是过去时间点,主句动作需用过去进行时;主语 “your sister” 后接 “was”,“do” 的现在分词为 “doing”,故填 “was; doing”。
答案:salty解析:句意为 “这汤太咸了 —— 你放了太多盐”。“salt”(名词,盐)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “salty”(咸的),用于描述汤的味道。
答案:To improve解析:句意为 “为了提高他的口语能力,他每天和搭档练习英语”。此处需动词不定式作目的状语,表 “为了……”,“improve”(提高)的不定式形式为 “To improve”,句首首字母大写,故填 “To improve”。
答案:noisy解析:句意为 “那个吵闹的男孩总是在教室里大喊大叫”。“noise”(名词,噪音)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “noisy”(吵闹的),用于修饰名词 “boy”。
答案:not to play解析:句意为 “我父母告诉我不要玩太久电脑游戏”。“tell”(告诉)后接动词不定式作宾语补足语,否定形式为 “tell sb. not to do sth.”(告诉某人不要做某事),故填 “not to play”。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
知识过关第 4讲 语法
知识梳理
Unit4 Growing by Changing
一、后缀 -less 与 -ful
核心含义:
后缀 -ful 表示 “充满…… 的、具有…… 性质的”,加在名词后构成形容词,强调事物
具备某种积极或特定属性。
后缀 -less 表示 “无…… 的、缺乏…… 的”,加在名词后构成形容词,强调事物不具
备某种属性,多含否定或消极意义。
常见例词:
词根(名词) →加-ful构成的形容词 →加-less构成的形容词
care careful 仔细的、小心的 careless 粗心的、不小心的
help helpful 有帮助的 helpless 无助的
use useful 有用的 useless 无用的
joy joyful 快乐的 joyless 无乐趣的
harm harmful 有害的 harmless 无害的
用法示例:
The doctor gave me some helpful advice.(医生给了我一些有用的建议。)
It’s careless of you to leave the door open.(你把门开着,太粗心了。)
Smoking is harmful to your health.(吸烟对你的健康有害。)
This old machine is useless now.(这台旧机器现在没用了。)
二、过去进行时
1. 构成规则:主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词(v.-ing)
第一人称单数(I)/ 第三人称单数(he/she/it)用 was;
第二人称(you)/ 第一人称复数(we)/ 第三人称复数(they)用 were;
否定式:在 was/were 后加 not(wasn’t/weren’t);
疑问式:将 was/were 提到主语前。
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2. 核心用法
(1)表示过去某个特定时刻正在进行的动作,常搭配具体时间状语(如 at 8:00 last night,
this time yesterday)。
例:I was watching TV at 7 p.m. yesterday.(昨天晚上 7 点我正在看电视。)
(2)表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作,常搭配时间段状语(如 from 9 to 11 a.m. last
Sunday)。
例:They were planting trees from 9 to 11 a.m. last Saturday.(上周六上午 9 点到 11 点他们
正在种树。)
(3)描述过去两个同时进行的动作,常用 “while” 或 “when” 连接。
例:My mom was cooking while I was doing my homework.(我妈妈做饭时,我正在写作业。)
3. 与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时强调:动作在过去某时刻 / 某段时间内 “正在进行” 的状态(可能未完成);
一般过去时强调:动作在过去 “已发生并完成” 的事实。
例:She was reading a book last night.(昨晚她一直在看书。—— 强调 “持续阅读” 的过程)
She read a book last night.(昨晚她读了一本书。—— 强调 “读完书” 的结果)
Unit5 Exploring Amazing Places
一、后缀 -y
核心含义加在名词或动词后构成形容词,常表示 “具有…… 特征的、充满…… 的、易
于…… 的”,使词性从名词 / 动词转化为形容词,描述事物的性质或状态。
常见例词:
词根(名词 / 动词)→加 -y 构成的形容词
sun(名词) sunny 晴朗的
rain(名词) rainy 下雨的
wind(名词) windy 有风的
cloud(名词) cloudy 多云的
sleep(动词) sleepy 困倦的
taste(动词) tasty 美味的
luck(名词) lucky 幸运的
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用法示例:
It’s a sunny day today. Let’s go for a walk.(今天天气晴朗,我们去散步吧。)
She feels sleepy because she stayed up late.(她因为熬夜了,感觉很困。)
The soup is tasty. Did you make it yourself (这汤很美味,是你自己做的吗?)
We’re lucky to get tickets for the concert.(我们很幸运买到了音乐会的票。)
二、动词不定式(to do)
基本形式由 “to + 动词原形” 构成(否定式:not to do),在句中不能单独作谓语,可
作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
核心用法:
1. 作宾语:接在 want, plan, decide, hope, need, learn 等动词后。
例:I want to visit the Great Wall.(我想去参观长城。);She decided not to go out.(她决定
不出去了。)
2. 作宾语补足语:接在 ask, tell, want, teach, invite 等动词后,补充说明宾语的动作(help 后
可省略 to)。
例:The teacher asked us to finish homework on time(. 老师要求我们按时完成作业。);He helped
me (to) carry the heavy box.(他帮我搬那个重箱子。)
3. 作目的状语:表示 “为了……”,常位于句首或句末。
例:She gets up early to catch the early bus(. 她早起是为了赶上早班车。);To improve English,
I practice speaking every day.(为了提高英语,我每天练习口语。)
4. 作定语:修饰名词,常位于名词后,说明名词的用途或属性。
例:I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。);There is no room to sit in.(没有
可坐的地方了。)
Unit6 Earth and Its Neighbors
一、后缀 -ness
核心含义加在形容词后构成名词,表示 “…… 的性质、状态或程度”,将形容词描述的
“属性” 转化为名词形式的 “抽象概念”。
常见例词:
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词根(形容词)→加 -ness 构成的名词
kind kindness 善良、善意
sad sadness 悲伤、难过
happy happiness 幸福、快乐
dark darkness 黑暗
ill illness 疾病
weak weakness 虚弱、弱点
bright brightness 明亮、亮度
用法示例:
Her kindness made everyone like her.(她的善良让所有人都喜欢她。)
The darkness made it hard to see the road.(黑暗使我们难以看清道路。)
He couldn’t go to school because of his illness.(他因为生病不能上学了。)
The brightness of the sun hurt my eyes.(太阳的亮度刺伤了我的眼睛。)
二、形容词比较级与最高级
构成规则形容词比较级表示 “两者之间更……”,最高级表示 “三者及以上中最……”,
具体构成分规则变化和不规则变化。
变化类型 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般加 -er/-est tall taller tallest
以 e 结尾加 -r/-st nice nicer nicest
以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i
单音节词 easy easier easiest
加 -er/-est
以重读闭音节结尾(辅 + 元 +
big bigger biggest
辅),双写尾字母加 -er/-est
多音节词(3 个
加 more/most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
及以上音节)
cleverer/more cleverest/most
部分双音节词 加 more/most 或 -er/-est(均可) clever
clever clever
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
不规则变化 特殊记忆 many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
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核心用法:
1. 比较级:常用于 “比较级 + than” 结构,表示 “A 比 B 更……”,可用 much, a little, a lot
等修饰比较级,加强程度。
例:Mars is smaller than Earth.(火星比地球小。);This book is much more interesting than that
one.(这本书比那本有趣得多。)
2. 最高级:常用于 “the + 最高级 + 比较范围(of/in/among)” 结构,表示 “在…… 中
最……”。
例:Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.(木星是太阳系中最大的行星。);She is the
tallest of the three girls.(她是三个女孩中最高的。)
3. 特殊结构:
①“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”:表示 “越……,越……”。
例:The more you practice, the better you will be.(练习得越多,你就会越好。)
②“比较级 + and + 比较级”:表示 “越来越……”。
例:The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天气变得越来越暖和了。
基础巩固专项练习
1. It’s ______ (care) of you to forget your umbrella on such a rainy day.
2. Jupiter is ______ (large) planet in the solar system.
3. I ______ (watch) TV at 8 p.m. yesterday. What about you
4. Today is a ______ (sun) day. Let’s go to the beach.
5. I want ______ (visit) the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces this summer vacation.
6. This story is ______ (interesting) than that one—I like it better.
7. The teacher gave us some ______ (help) tips on how to improve our writing.
8. They ______ (plant) trees in the park from 9 to 11 a.m. last Sunday.
9. It was ______ (rain) yesterday, so we stayed at home and watched movies.
10. Her ______ (kind) to the homeless cat made the cat feel warm.
11. Smoking is ______ (harm) to our lungs, so we should keep away from it.
12. The weather is getting ______ (warm) and ______ (warm) as spring comes.
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13. My mom ______ (cook) dinner while I ______ (do) my homework last night.
14. She feels ______ (sleep) because she didn’t sleep well last night.
15. The teacher asked us ______ (finish) our homework before class.
16. She is ______ (tall) of the three sisters.
17. This old phone is ______ (use) now—its screen is broken and it can’t make calls.
18. ______ you ______ (listen) to music this time yesterday
19. The ______ (wind) weather made it hard for us to ride bikes.
20. The ______ (dark) of the night made it hard for us to find the way back.
21. She gets up early ______ (catch) the first bus to school every day.
22. This red dress is ______ (beautiful) than the blue one.
23. The children felt ______ (joy) when they saw the birthday cake their parents prepared.
24. He ______ (not read) a book at that moment—he was playing with his cat.
25. The cake my mom made is very ______ (taste) — everyone likes it.
26. ______ (much) you practice, ______ (good) you will be at playing the piano.
27. Without water, plants will become ______ (help) and die soon.
28. When the rain started, we ______ (walk) home from school.
29. We’re ______ (luck) to meet our favorite singer on the street.
30. The ______ (happy) of the children could be heard from the playground.
31. Do you plan ______ (go) to the concert with me this weekend
32. Winter is ______ (cold) season of the year in my hometown.
33. You should be ______ (care) when crossing the street to avoid accidents.
34. She ______ (talk) on the phone when her friend came to visit.
35. The sky is ______ (cloud) today. Maybe it will rain this afternoon.
36. He couldn’t go to school because of his ______ (ill).
37. He helped me ______ (carry) the heavy box to my room.
38. This movie is ______ (exciting) than the one we watched last week.
39. The story my grandma told last night was ______ (joy) — it made everyone laugh.
40. They ______ (not play) basketball yesterday afternoon—they were having a picnic.
41. After a long walk, he felt ______ (tire) and wanted to have a rest.
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42. The ______ (bright) of the sun is too strong—we need to wear sunglasses.
43. We need ______ (learn) English well to communicate with foreigners.
44. Tom runs ______ (fast) than his brother.
45. Eating too much sugar is ______ (harm) to your teeth.
46. What ______ your sister ______ (do) when you got home yesterday
47. The soup is ______ (salt) — you put too much salt in it.
48. ______ (improve) his speaking skills, he practices English with his partner every day.
49. That ______ (noise) boy always shouts in the classroom.
50. My parents told me ______ (not play) computer games for too long.
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答案与解析
1. 答案:careless解析:句意为 “在这样的雨天忘记带伞,你太粗心了”。“care”(名词,小
心)后加后缀 “-less” 表 “缺乏…… 的”,构成 “careless”(粗心的)。
2. 答案:the largest解析:句意为 “木星是太阳系中最大的行星”。“large”(大的)是单音节
词,最高级形式为 “largest”;最高级前需加定冠词 “the”,且 “in the solar system”(在
太阳系中)明确比较范围为三者及以上,故填 “the largest”。
3. 答案:was watching解析:句意为 “昨天晚上 8 点我正在看电视,你呢?”。“at 8 p.m.
yesterday”(昨天晚上 8 点)是过去特定时刻,需用过去进行时;主语 “I” 后接 “was”,
“watch” 的现在分词为 “watching”,故填 “was watching”。
4. 答案:sunny解析:句意为 “今天是晴天,我们去海滩吧”。“sun”(名词,太阳)后加后
缀 “-y” 表 “具有…… 特征的”,构成 “sunny”(晴朗的),用于修饰名词 “day”,符
合语境。
5. 答案:to visit解析:句意为 “这个暑假我想去参观红河哈尼梯田”。“want”(想要)后接
动词不定式作宾语,结构为 “want to do sth.”(想要做某事),故填 “to visit”。
6. 答案:more interesting解析:句意为 “这个故事比那个更有趣 —— 我更喜欢它”。
“interesting”(有趣的)是多音节词,比较级形式为 “more interesting”;“than”(比)提
示用比较级,故填 “more interesting”。
7. 答案:helpful解析:句意为 “老师给了我们一些如何提高写作的有用建议”。“help”(名
词,帮助)后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “helpful”(有帮助的),用于修
饰名词 “tips”。
8. 答案:were planting解析:句意为 “上周日上午 9 点到 11 点,他们正在公园里种树”。
“from 9 to 11 a.m. last Sunday”(上周日上午 9 点到 11 点)是过去时间段,需用过去
进行时;主语 “They” 后接 “were”,“plant” 的现在分词为 “planting”,故填 “were
planting”。
9. 答案:rainy解析:句意为 “昨天是雨天,所以我们待在家里看电影”。“rain”(名词,雨)
后加后缀 “-y” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “rainy”(下雨的),用于描述天气。
10. 答案:kindness解析:句意为 “她对流浪猫的善良让猫感到温暖”。“kind”(形容词,善
良的)后加后缀 “-ness” 表 “…… 的性质”,构成名词 “kindness”(善良),此处需名
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词作主语,故填 “kindness”。
11. 答案:harmful解析:句意为 “吸烟对我们的肺有害,所以我们应该远离它”。“harm”(名
词,伤害)后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “具有…… 性质的”,构成 “harmful”(有害的),“be
harmful to”(对…… 有害)是固定搭配,故填 “harmful”。
12. 答案:warmer; warmer解析:句意为 “随着春天的到来,天气变得越来越暖和”。“比较
级 + and + 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”,“warm”(暖和的)是单音节词,比较级为
“warmer”,故填 “warmer; warmer”。
13. 答案:was cooking; was doing解析:句意为 “昨晚我妈妈做饭时,我正在写作业”。“while”
(当…… 时)连接两个过去同时进行的动作,需用过去进行时;主语 “my mom” 后接
“was cooking”,主语 “I” 后接 “was doing”,故填 “was cooking; was doing”。
14. 答案:sleepy解析:句意为 “她因为昨晚没睡好,感觉很困”。“sleep”(动词,睡觉)后
加后缀 “-y” 表 “易于…… 的”,构成 “sleepy”(困倦的),用于描述人的状态。
15. 答案:to finish解析:句意为 “老师要求我们课前完成作业”。“ask”(要求)后接动词不
定式作宾语补足语,结构为 “ask sb. to do sth.”(要求某人做某事),故填 “to finish”。
16. 答案:the tallest解析:句意为 “她是三姐妹中最高的”。“tall”(高的)是单音节词,最
高级形式为 “tallest”;最高级前需加定冠词 “the”,且 “of the three sisters”(三姐妹中)
明确比较范围为三者及以上,故填 “the tallest”。
17. 答案:useless解析:句意为 “这部旧手机现在没用了 —— 屏幕坏了,还不能打电话”。
“use”(名词,用途)后加后缀 “-less” 表 “无…… 的”,构成 “useless”(无用的)。
18. 答案:Were; listening解析:句意为 “昨天这个时候你正在听音乐吗?”。“this time
yesterday”(昨天这个时候)是过去特定时刻,需用过去进行时的疑问式;主语 “you” 后
接 “Were”,“listen” 的现在分词为 “listening”,故填 “Were; listening”。
19. 答案:windy解析:句意为 “大风天气让我们很难骑自行车”。“wind”(名词,风)后加
后缀 “-y” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “windy”(有风的),用于描述天气。
20. 答案:darkness解析:句意为 “夜晚的黑暗让我们很难找到回家的路”。“dark”(形容词,
黑暗的)后加后缀 “-ness” 表 “…… 的状态”,构成名词 “darkness”(黑暗),此处需
名词作主语,故填 “darkness”。
21. 答案:to catch解析:句意为 “她每天早起是为了赶上第一班去学校的公交车”。此处需
动词不定式作目的状语,表 “为了……”,“catch”(赶上)的不定式形式为 “to catch”,
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故填 “to catch”。
22. 答案:more beautiful解析:句意为 “这条红色连衣裙比蓝色的更漂亮”。“beautiful”(漂
亮的)是多音节词,比较级形式为 “more beautiful”;“than”(比)提示用比较级,故填
“more beautiful”。
23. 答案:joyful解析:句意为 “孩子们看到父母准备的生日蛋糕时,感到很开心”。“joy”
(名词,快乐)后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “joyful”(快乐的),用于描
述人的感受。
24. 答案:wasn’t reading解析:句意为 “那时他没在看书 —— 他正在和他的猫玩”。“at that
moment”(那时)是过去特定时刻,需用过去进行时的否定式;主语 “He” 后接 “wasn’t”,
“read” 的现在分词为 “reading”,故填 “wasn’t reading”。
25. 答案:tasty解析:句意为 “我妈妈做的蛋糕很美味 —— 每个人都喜欢”。“taste”(动词,
品尝)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “具有…… 特征的”,构成 “tasty”(美味的),用于描述食物
的味道。
26. 答案:The more; the better解析:句意为 “你练习得越多,钢琴弹得就会越好”。“the + 比
较级,the + 比较级” 表示 “越……,越……”;“much” 的比较级为 “more”,“good” 的
比较级为 “better”,且比较级前需加定冠词 “the”,故填 “The more; the better”。
27. 答案:helpless解析:句意为 “没有水,植物会变得无助并很快死亡”。“help”(名词,
帮助)后加后缀 “-less” 表 “缺乏…… 的”,构成 “helpless”(无助的)。
28. 答案:were walking解析:句意为 “开始下雨时,我们正在从学校走回家”。“when the rain
started”(开始下雨时)是过去时间点,主句动作 “walk home”(走回家)正在进行,需
用过去进行时;主语 “we” 后接 “were”,“walk” 的现在分词为 “walking”,故填 “were
walking”。
29. 答案:lucky 解析:句意为 “我们很幸运能在街上遇到我们最喜欢的歌手”。“luck”(名
词,运气)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “具有…… 特征的”,构成 “lucky”(幸运的),用于描
述人的状态。
30. 答案:happiness解析:句意为 “孩子们的快乐从操场上就能听到”。“happy”(形容词,
快乐的)后加后缀 “-ness” 表 “…… 的状态”,构成名词 “happiness”(快乐),此处
需名词作主语,故填 “happiness”。
31. 答案:to go 解析:句意为 “这个周末你计划和我一起去听音乐会吗?”。“plan”(计划)
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后接动词不定式作宾语,结构为 “plan to do sth.”(计划做某事),故填 “to go”。
32. 答案:the coldest解析:句意为 “在我的家乡,冬天是一年中最冷的季节”。“cold”(冷
的)是单音节词,最高级形式为 “coldest”;最高级前需加定冠词 “the”,且 “of the year”
(一年中)明确比较范围为三者及以上,故填 “the coldest”。
33. 答案:careful解析:句意为 “过马路时你应该小心,以避免事故”。“care”(名词,小心)
后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “careful”(小心的),“be careful”(小心)
是固定搭配。
34. 答案:was talking解析:句意为 “当她的朋友来拜访时,她正在打电话”。“when her friend
came to visit”(当她的朋友来拜访时)是过去时间点,主句动作 “talk on the phone”(打
电话)正在进行,需用过去进行时;主语 “She” 后接 “was”,“talk” 的现在分词为
“talking”,故填 “was talking”。
35. 答案:cloudy解析:句意为 “今天多云,下午可能会下雨”。“cloud”(名词,云)后加
后缀 “-y” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “cloudy”(多云的),用于描述天气。
36. 答案:illness解析:句意为 “他因为生病不能去上学”。“ill”(形容词,生病的)后加后
缀 “-ness” 表 “…… 的状态”,构成名词 “illness”(疾病),“because of”(因为)后接
名词,故填 “illness”。
37. 答案:(to) carry解析:句意为 “他帮我把那个重箱子搬到了我的房间”。“help”(帮助)
后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,“to” 可省略,结构为 “help sb. (to) do sth.”(帮助某
人做某事),故填 “(to) carry”。
38. 答案:more exciting解析:句意为 “这部电影比我们上周看的那部更令人兴奋”。“exciting”
(令人兴奋的)是多音节词,比较级形式为 “more exciting”;“than”(比)提示用比较
级,故填 “more exciting”。
39. 答案:joyful解析:句意为 “奶奶昨晚讲的故事很有趣 —— 让每个人都笑了”。“joy”
(名词,快乐)后加后缀 “-ful” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “joyful”(快乐的、有趣的),
用于描述故事的特点。
40. 答案:weren’t playing 解析:句意为 “昨天下午他们没在打篮球 —— 他们正在野餐”。
“yesterday afternoon”(昨天下午)是过去时间段,需用过去进行时的否定式;主语 “They”
后接 “weren’t”,“play” 的现在分词为 “playing”,故填 “weren’t playing”。
41. 答案:tired解析:句意为 “走了很长一段路后,他感到很累,想休息一下”。“tire”(动
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词,使疲倦)后加后缀 “-d”(此处虽非 “-y”,但属于动词变形容词的常见形式,结合
单元 “-y” 后缀核心,整体符合 “描述状态” 的语境)构成 “tired”(疲倦的),用于描
述人的感受。
42. 答案:brightness解析:句意为 “太阳的亮度太强了 —— 我们需要戴太阳镜”。“bright”
(形容词,明亮的)后加后缀 “-ness” 表 “…… 的程度”,构成名词 “brightness”(亮
度),此处需名词作主语,故填 “brightness”。
43. 答案:to learn解析:句意为 “我们需要学好英语来和外国人交流”。“need”(需要)后
接动词不定式作宾语,结构为 “need to do sth.”(需要做某事),故填 “to learn”。
44. 答案:faster解析:句意为 “汤姆跑得比他哥哥快”。“fast”(快地)是单音节词,比较级
形式为 “faster”;“than”(比)提示用比较级,故填 “faster”。
45. 答案:harmful解析:句意为 “吃太多糖对你的牙齿有害”。“harm”(名词,伤害)后加
后缀 “-ful” 表 “具有…… 性质的”,构成 “harmful”(有害的),“be harmful to”(对……
有害)是固定搭配,故填 “harmful”。
46. 答案:was; doing解析:句意为 “昨天你回家时,你姐姐正在做什么?”。“when you got
home yesterday”(昨天你回家时)是过去时间点,主句动作需用过去进行时;主语 “your
sister” 后接 “was”,“do” 的现在分词为 “doing”,故填 “was; doing”。
47. 答案:salty解析:句意为 “这汤太咸了 —— 你放了太多盐”。“salt”(名词,盐)后加
后缀 “-y” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “salty”(咸的),用于描述汤的味道。
48. 答案:To improve 解析:句意为 “为了提高他的口语能力,他每天和搭档练习英语”。此
处需动词不定式作目的状语,表 “为了……”,“improve”(提高)的不定式形式为 “To
improve”,句首首字母大写,故填 “To improve”。
49. 答案:noisy解析:句意为 “那个吵闹的男孩总是在教室里大喊大叫”。“noise”(名词,
噪音)后加后缀 “-y” 表 “充满…… 的”,构成 “noisy”(吵闹的),用于修饰名词 “boy”。
50. 答案:not to play解析:句意为 “我父母告诉我不要玩太久电脑游戏”。“tell”(告诉)后
接动词不定式作宾语补足语,否定形式为 “tell sb. not to do sth.(” 告诉某人不要做某事),
故填 “not to play”。
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知识过关第4讲 语法
Unit4 Growing by Changing
一、后缀 -less 与 -ful
核心含义:
后缀 -ful 表示 “充满…… 的、具有…… 性质的”,加在名词后构成形容词,强调事物具备某种积极或特定属性。
后缀 -less 表示 “无…… 的、缺乏…… 的”,加在名词后构成形容词,强调事物不具备某种属性,多含否定或消极意义。
常见例词:
词根(名词) →加-ful构成的形容词 → 加-less构成的形容词
care careful 仔细的、小心的 careless 粗心的、不小心的
help helpful 有帮助的 helpless 无助的
use useful 有用的 useless 无用的
joy joyful 快乐的 joyless 无乐趣的
harm harmful 有害的 harmless 无害的
用法示例:
The doctor gave me some helpful advice.(医生给了我一些有用的建议。)
It’s careless of you to leave the door open.(你把门开着,太粗心了。)
Smoking is harmful to your health.(吸烟对你的健康有害。)
This old machine is useless now.(这台旧机器现在没用了。)
二、过去进行时
1. 构成规则:主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词(v.-ing)
第一人称单数(I)/ 第三人称单数(he/she/it)用 was;
第二人称(you)/ 第一人称复数(we)/ 第三人称复数(they)用 were;
否定式:在 was/were 后加 not(wasn’t/weren’t);
疑问式:将 was/were 提到主语前。
核心用法
表示过去某个特定时刻正在进行的动作,常搭配具体时间状语(如 at 8:00 last night, this time yesterday)。
例:I was watching TV at 7 p.m. yesterday.(昨天晚上 7 点我正在看电视。)
(2)表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作,常搭配时间段状语(如 from 9 to 11 a.m. last Sunday)。
例:They were planting trees from 9 to 11 a.m. last Saturday.(上周六上午 9 点到 11 点他们正在种树。)
(3)描述过去两个同时进行的动作,常用 “while” 或 “when” 连接。
例:My mom was cooking while I was doing my homework.(我妈妈做饭时,我正在写作业。)
3. 与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时强调:动作在过去某时刻 / 某段时间内 “正在进行” 的状态(可能未完成);
一般过去时强调:动作在过去 “已发生并完成” 的事实。
例:She was reading a book last night.(昨晚她一直在看书。—— 强调 “持续阅读” 的过程)She read a book last night.(昨晚她读了一本书。—— 强调 “读完书” 的结果)
Unit5 Exploring Amazing Places
一、后缀 -y
核心含义加在名词或动词后构成形容词,常表示 “具有…… 特征的、充满…… 的、易于…… 的”,使词性从名词 / 动词转化为形容词,描述事物的性质或状态。
常见例词:
词根(名词 / 动词) →加 -y 构成的形容词
sun(名词) sunny 晴朗的
rain(名词) rainy 下雨的
wind(名词) windy 有风的
cloud(名词) cloudy 多云的
sleep(动词) sleepy 困倦的
taste(动词) tasty 美味的
luck(名词) lucky 幸运的
用法示例:
It’s a sunny day today. Let’s go for a walk.(今天天气晴朗,我们去散步吧。)
She feels sleepy because she stayed up late.(她因为熬夜了,感觉很困。)
The soup is tasty. Did you make it yourself (这汤很美味,是你自己做的吗?)
We’re lucky to get tickets for the concert.(我们很幸运买到了音乐会的票。)
二、动词不定式(to do)
基本形式由 “to + 动词原形” 构成(否定式:not to do),在句中不能单独作谓语,可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
核心用法:
作宾语:接在 want, plan, decide, hope, need, learn 等动词后。
例:I want to visit the Great Wall.(我想去参观长城。);She decided not to go out.(她决定不出去了。)
作宾语补足语:接在 ask, tell, want, teach, invite 等动词后,补充说明宾语的动作(help 后可省略 to)。
例:The teacher asked us to finish homework on time.(老师要求我们按时完成作业。);He helped me (to) carry the heavy box.(他帮我搬那个重箱子。)
作目的状语:表示 “为了……”,常位于句首或句末。
例:She gets up early to catch the early bus.(她早起是为了赶上早班车。);To improve English, I practice speaking every day.(为了提高英语,我每天练习口语。)
作定语:修饰名词,常位于名词后,说明名词的用途或属性。
例:I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。);There is no room to sit in.(没有可坐的地方了。)
Unit6 Earth and Its Neighbors
一、后缀 -ness
核心含义加在形容词后构成名词,表示 “…… 的性质、状态或程度”,将形容词描述的“属性” 转化为名词形式的 “抽象概念”。
常见例词:
词根(形容词) →加 -ness 构成的名词
kind kindness 善良、善意
sad sadness 悲伤、难过
happy happiness 幸福、快乐
dark darkness 黑暗
ill illness 疾病
weak weakness 虚弱、弱点
bright brightness 明亮、亮度
用法示例:
Her kindness made everyone like her.(她的善良让所有人都喜欢她。)
The darkness made it hard to see the road.(黑暗使我们难以看清道路。)
He couldn’t go to school because of his illness.(他因为生病不能上学了。)
The brightness of the sun hurt my eyes.(太阳的亮度刺伤了我的眼睛。)
二、形容词比较级与最高级
构成规则形容词比较级表示 “两者之间更……”,最高级表示 “三者及以上中最……”,具体构成分规则变化和不规则变化。
变化类型 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词 一般加 -er/-est tall taller tallest
以 e 结尾加 -r/-st nice nicer nicest
以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -er/-est easy easier easiest
以重读闭音节结尾(辅 + 元 + 辅),双写尾字母加 -er/-est big bigger biggest
多音节词(3 个及以上音节) 加 more/most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
部分双音节词 加 more/most 或 -er/-est(均可) clever cleverer/more clever cleverest/most clever
不规则变化 特殊记忆 good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
核心用法:
比较级:常用于 “比较级 + than” 结构,表示 “A 比 B 更……”,可用 much, a little, a lot 等修饰比较级,加强程度。
例:Mars is smaller than Earth.(火星比地球小。);This book is much more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本有趣得多。)
最高级:常用于 “the + 最高级 + 比较范围(of/in/among)” 结构,表示 “在…… 中最……”。
例:Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.(木星是太阳系中最大的行星。);She is the tallest of the three girls.(她是三个女孩中最高的。)
特殊结构:
①“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”:表示 “越……,越……”。
例:The more you practice, the better you will be.(练习得越多,你就会越好。)
②“比较级 + and + 比较级”:表示 “越来越……”。
例:The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天气变得越来越暖和了。
It’s ______ (care) of you to forget your umbrella on such a rainy day.
Jupiter is ______ (large) planet in the solar system.
I ______ (watch) TV at 8 p.m. yesterday. What about you
Today is a ______ (sun) day. Let’s go to the beach.
I want ______ (visit) the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces this summer vacation.
This story is ______ (interesting) than that one—I like it better.
The teacher gave us some ______ (help) tips on how to improve our writing.
They ______ (plant) trees in the park from 9 to 11 a.m. last Sunday.
It was ______ (rain) yesterday, so we stayed at home and watched movies.
Her ______ (kind) to the homeless cat made the cat feel warm.
Smoking is ______ (harm) to our lungs, so we should keep away from it.
The weather is getting ______ (warm) and ______ (warm) as spring comes.
My mom ______ (cook) dinner while I ______ (do) my homework last night.
She feels ______ (sleep) because she didn’t sleep well last night.
The teacher asked us ______ (finish) our homework before class.
She is ______ (tall) of the three sisters.
This old phone is ______ (use) now—its screen is broken and it can’t make calls.
______ you ______ (listen) to music this time yesterday
The ______ (wind) weather made it hard for us to ride bikes.
The ______ (dark) of the night made it hard for us to find the way back.
She gets up early ______ (catch) the first bus to school every day.
This red dress is ______ (beautiful) than the blue one.
The children felt ______ (joy) when they saw the birthday cake their parents prepared.
He ______ (not read) a book at that moment—he was playing with his cat.
The cake my mom made is very ______ (taste) — everyone likes it.
______ (much) you practice, ______ (good) you will be at playing the piano.
Without water, plants will become ______ (help) and die soon.
When the rain started, we ______ (walk) home from school.
We’re ______ (luck) to meet our favorite singer on the street.
The ______ (happy) of the children could be heard from the playground.
Do you plan ______ (go) to the concert with me this weekend
Winter is ______ (cold) season of the year in my hometown.
You should be ______ (care) when crossing the street to avoid accidents.
She ______ (talk) on the phone when her friend came to visit.
The sky is ______ (cloud) today. Maybe it will rain this afternoon.
He couldn’t go to school because of his ______ (ill).
He helped me ______ (carry) the heavy box to my room.
This movie is ______ (exciting) than the one we watched last week.
The story my grandma told last night was ______ (joy) — it made everyone laugh.
They ______ (not play) basketball yesterday afternoon—they were having a picnic.
After a long walk, he felt ______ (tire) and wanted to have a rest.
The ______ (bright) of the sun is too strong—we need to wear sunglasses.
We need ______ (learn) English well to communicate with foreigners.
Tom runs ______ (fast) than his brother.
Eating too much sugar is ______ (harm) to your teeth.
What ______ your sister ______ (do) when you got home yesterday
The soup is ______ (salt) — you put too much salt in it.
______ (improve) his speaking skills, he practices English with his partner every day.
That ______ (noise) boy always shouts in the classroom.
My parents told me ______ (not play) computer games for too long./ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
知识过关第 4讲 语法
知识梳理
Unit4 Growing by Changing
一、后缀 -less 与 -ful
核心含义:
后缀 -ful 表示 “充满…… 的、具有…… 性质的”,加在名词后构成形容词,强调事物
具备某种积极或特定属性。
后缀 -less 表示 “无…… 的、缺乏…… 的”,加在名词后构成形容词,强调事物不具
备某种属性,多含否定或消极意义。
常见例词:
词根(名词) →加-ful构成的形容词 →加-less构成的形容词
care careful 仔细的、小心的 careless 粗心的、不小心的
help helpful 有帮助的 helpless 无助的
use useful 有用的 useless 无用的
joy joyful 快乐的 joyless 无乐趣的
harm harmful 有害的 harmless 无害的
用法示例:
The doctor gave me some helpful advice.(医生给了我一些有用的建议。)
It’s careless of you to leave the door open.(你把门开着,太粗心了。)
Smoking is harmful to your health.(吸烟对你的健康有害。)
This old machine is useless now.(这台旧机器现在没用了。)
二、过去进行时
1. 构成规则:主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词(v.-ing)
第一人称单数(I)/ 第三人称单数(he/she/it)用 was;
第二人称(you)/ 第一人称复数(we)/ 第三人称复数(they)用 were;
否定式:在 was/were 后加 not(wasn’t/weren’t);
疑问式:将 was/were 提到主语前。
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2. 核心用法
(1)表示过去某个特定时刻正在进行的动作,常搭配具体时间状语(如 at 8:00 last night,
this time yesterday)。
例:I was watching TV at 7 p.m. yesterday.(昨天晚上 7 点我正在看电视。)
(2)表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作,常搭配时间段状语(如 from 9 to 11 a.m. last
Sunday)。
例:They were planting trees from 9 to 11 a.m. last Saturday.(上周六上午 9 点到 11 点他们
正在种树。)
(3)描述过去两个同时进行的动作,常用 “while” 或 “when” 连接。
例:My mom was cooking while I was doing my homework.(我妈妈做饭时,我正在写作业。)
3. 与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时强调:动作在过去某时刻 / 某段时间内 “正在进行” 的状态(可能未完成);
一般过去时强调:动作在过去 “已发生并完成” 的事实。
例:She was reading a book last night.(昨晚她一直在看书。—— 强调 “持续阅读” 的过程)
She read a book last night.(昨晚她读了一本书。—— 强调 “读完书” 的结果)
Unit5 Exploring Amazing Places
一、后缀 -y
核心含义加在名词或动词后构成形容词,常表示 “具有…… 特征的、充满…… 的、易
于…… 的”,使词性从名词 / 动词转化为形容词,描述事物的性质或状态。
常见例词:
词根(名词 / 动词)→加 -y 构成的形容词
sun(名词) sunny 晴朗的
rain(名词) rainy 下雨的
wind(名词) windy 有风的
cloud(名词) cloudy 多云的
sleep(动词) sleepy 困倦的
taste(动词) tasty 美味的
luck(名词) lucky 幸运的
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用法示例:
It’s a sunny day today. Let’s go for a walk.(今天天气晴朗,我们去散步吧。)
She feels sleepy because she stayed up late.(她因为熬夜了,感觉很困。)
The soup is tasty. Did you make it yourself (这汤很美味,是你自己做的吗?)
We’re lucky to get tickets for the concert.(我们很幸运买到了音乐会的票。)
二、动词不定式(to do)
基本形式由 “to + 动词原形” 构成(否定式:not to do),在句中不能单独作谓语,可
作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
核心用法:
1. 作宾语:接在 want, plan, decide, hope, need, learn 等动词后。
例:I want to visit the Great Wall.(我想去参观长城。);She decided not to go out.(她决定
不出去了。)
2. 作宾语补足语:接在 ask, tell, want, teach, invite 等动词后,补充说明宾语的动作(help 后
可省略 to)。
例:The teacher asked us to finish homework on time(. 老师要求我们按时完成作业。);He helped
me (to) carry the heavy box.(他帮我搬那个重箱子。)
3. 作目的状语:表示 “为了……”,常位于句首或句末。
例:She gets up early to catch the early bus(. 她早起是为了赶上早班车。);To improve English,
I practice speaking every day.(为了提高英语,我每天练习口语。)
4. 作定语:修饰名词,常位于名词后,说明名词的用途或属性。
例:I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。);There is no room to sit in.(没有
可坐的地方了。)
Unit6 Earth and Its Neighbors
一、后缀 -ness
核心含义加在形容词后构成名词,表示 “…… 的性质、状态或程度”,将形容词描述的
“属性” 转化为名词形式的 “抽象概念”。
常见例词:
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词根(形容词)→加 -ness 构成的名词
kind kindness 善良、善意
sad sadness 悲伤、难过
happy happiness 幸福、快乐
dark darkness 黑暗
ill illness 疾病
weak weakness 虚弱、弱点
bright brightness 明亮、亮度
用法示例:
Her kindness made everyone like her.(她的善良让所有人都喜欢她。)
The darkness made it hard to see the road.(黑暗使我们难以看清道路。)
He couldn’t go to school because of his illness.(他因为生病不能上学了。)
The brightness of the sun hurt my eyes.(太阳的亮度刺伤了我的眼睛。)
二、形容词比较级与最高级
构成规则形容词比较级表示 “两者之间更……”,最高级表示 “三者及以上中最……”,
具体构成分规则变化和不规则变化。
变化类型 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般加 -er/-est tall taller tallest
以 e 结尾加 -r/-st nice nicer nicest
以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变 y 为 i
单音节词 easy easier easiest
加 -er/-est
以重读闭音节结尾(辅 + 元 +
big bigger biggest
辅),双写尾字母加 -er/-est
多音节词(3 个
加 more/most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
及以上音节)
cleverer/more cleverest/most
部分双音节词 加 more/most 或 -er/-est(均可) clever
clever clever
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
不规则变化 特殊记忆 many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
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核心用法:
1. 比较级:常用于 “比较级 + than” 结构,表示 “A 比 B 更……”,可用 much, a little, a lot
等修饰比较级,加强程度。
例:Mars is smaller than Earth.(火星比地球小。);This book is much more interesting than that
one.(这本书比那本有趣得多。)
2. 最高级:常用于 “the + 最高级 + 比较范围(of/in/among)” 结构,表示 “在…… 中
最……”。
例:Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.(木星是太阳系中最大的行星。);She is the
tallest of the three girls.(她是三个女孩中最高的。)
3. 特殊结构:
①“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”:表示 “越……,越……”。
例:The more you practice, the better you will be.(练习得越多,你就会越好。)
②“比较级 + and + 比较级”:表示 “越来越……”。
例:The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天气变得越来越暖和了。
基础巩固专项练习
1. It’s ______ (care) of you to forget your umbrella on such a rainy day.
2. Jupiter is ______ (large) planet in the solar system.
3. I ______ (watch) TV at 8 p.m. yesterday. What about you
4. Today is a ______ (sun) day. Let’s go to the beach.
5. I want ______ (visit) the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces this summer vacation.
6. This story is ______ (interesting) than that one—I like it better.
7. The teacher gave us some ______ (help) tips on how to improve our writing.
8. They ______ (plant) trees in the park from 9 to 11 a.m. last Sunday.
9. It was ______ (rain) yesterday, so we stayed at home and watched movies.
10. Her ______ (kind) to the homeless cat made the cat feel warm.
11. Smoking is ______ (harm) to our lungs, so we should keep away from it.
12. The weather is getting ______ (warm) and ______ (warm) as spring comes.
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13. My mom ______ (cook) dinner while I ______ (do) my homework last night.
14. She feels ______ (sleep) because she didn’t sleep well last night.
15. The teacher asked us ______ (finish) our homework before class.
16. She is ______ (tall) of the three sisters.
17. This old phone is ______ (use) now—its screen is broken and it can’t make calls.
18. ______ you ______ (listen) to music this time yesterday
19. The ______ (wind) weather made it hard for us to ride bikes.
20. The ______ (dark) of the night made it hard for us to find the way back.
21. She gets up early ______ (catch) the first bus to school every day.
22. This red dress is ______ (beautiful) than the blue one.
23. The children felt ______ (joy) when they saw the birthday cake their parents prepared.
24. He ______ (not read) a book at that moment—he was playing with his cat.
25. The cake my mom made is very ______ (taste) — everyone likes it.
26. ______ (much) you practice, ______ (good) you will be at playing the piano.
27. Without water, plants will become ______ (help) and die soon.
28. When the rain started, we ______ (walk) home from school.
29. We’re ______ (luck) to meet our favorite singer on the street.
30. The ______ (happy) of the children could be heard from the playground.
31. Do you plan ______ (go) to the concert with me this weekend
32. Winter is ______ (cold) season of the year in my hometown.
33. You should be ______ (care) when crossing the street to avoid accidents.
34. She ______ (talk) on the phone when her friend came to visit.
35. The sky is ______ (cloud) today. Maybe it will rain this afternoon.
36. He couldn’t go to school because of his ______ (ill).
37. He helped me ______ (carry) the heavy box to my room.
38. This movie is ______ (exciting) than the one we watched last week.
39. The story my grandma told last night was ______ (joy) — it made everyone laugh.
40. They ______ (not play) basketball yesterday afternoon—they were having a picnic.
41. After a long walk, he felt ______ (tire) and wanted to have a rest.
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42. The ______ (bright) of the sun is too strong—we need to wear sunglasses.
43. We need ______ (learn) English well to communicate with foreigners.
44. Tom runs ______ (fast) than his brother.
45. Eating too much sugar is ______ (harm) to your teeth.
46. What ______ your sister ______ (do) when you got home yesterday
47. The soup is ______ (salt) — you put too much salt in it.
48. ______ (improve) his speaking skills, he practices English with his partner every day.
49. That ______ (noise) boy always shouts in the classroom.
50. My parents told me ______ (not play) computer games for too long.
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