中考英语专题复习讲义通用版——it的用法辨析（含答案）

中考英语专题复习讲义——it的用法辨析
英语中一个小小的单词it，却扮演着重要的角色。它时而指代事物，时而化身时间、天气 “播报员”，时而又在句子中帮忙调整结构。今天，就让我们一起走入it的世界，探索它的妙用吧！
一、it 作人称代词
1. 指代事物、动物、婴儿及未确定身份的人
当我们提到某个具体的事物、动物或婴儿，但不想重复其名称时，可以用it指代。
例句：Where's my shirt Have you seen it （我的衬衫在哪里？你看见了没有？）→it是宾格代词。
The cat is in the garden, isn't it （猫在花园里，是吧？）→it是主格代词。
The baby is crying because it is hungry.（婴儿正在哭，因为他 / 她饿了。）→it是主格代词。
在对话中，询问的对象在电话另一边或门外，尚未明确对方身份时，也可以用it来指代。
例句：—Who's it （是谁？）—It's me.（是我。）
2. 指代前文提到的事物，避免重复
它通常用于指代前文提及的特定事物，即同类同物，可以替代单数可数名词和不可数名词。如果前文中是复数名词，则要用it的复数形式they或them。
例句：I love swimming. It keeps me fit.（我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。）→it指代前面提到的 swimming。
I found my lost books, and they are still very new.（我找到了我丢失的书，它们还非常新。）→they指代前文提到的 books。
辨析小擂台
区别于 one：
one 作代词时，通常用于指代前文提到的同类事物中的另一个，替代的是可数名词的单数形式，复数形式则是 ones。
例句：I have lost my pen. I am going to buy one.（我的钢笔丢了，我要去买一支。）→one 指代另一支钢笔。
I have a new coat and several old ones.（我有一件新大衣和几件旧的。）→ones指代其他几件大衣。
区别于that：
that作代词时常用于比较的情境，指代之前提到过的某方面，复数形式为those。
例句：The price of rice is higher than that of flour.（大米的价格比面粉更高。）→在这句话中，that指代价格。
3.指代this和that
在对话中，it有时也用来指代上文中提到的this或that这两个指示代词。
例句：—What's this / that （这 / 那是什么？）—It's a book.（这是一本书。）
—Whose English book is that （那是谁的英语书？）—It's his.（是他的。）
二、it表示时间、天气、距离等抽象概念
1．表示时间
例句：—What time is it now （现在几点了？）—It's half past one.（现在是1点半。）
2．表示天气
例句：—What's the weather like today （今天天气怎么样？）—It is very hot.（天气很热。）
3．表示距离
例句：—How far is it from your home to the school （你家到学校有多远？）
—It's about two kilometers. / It's about two minutes' walk.（大约是两千米。/ 大约步行两分钟。）
三、it在句子中作形式主语或形式宾语
1. 形式主语
当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，句子会显得头重脚轻。为了使句子结构更加平衡，我们常用it作为形式主语，将真正的主语后置。这种用法通常在一些固定的句型结构中出现：
句型①：It's adj. (for sb.) to do sth. / It's adj. (of sb.) to do sth.→用来说明对某人而言做某事的感觉。
例句：It's not easy to learn a foreign language.（学习一门外语不容易。）→it作形式主语，to learn a foreign language是真正的主语。
It's difficult for me to solve this problem.（对我来说解决这个问题很困难。）→这里的difficult描述的是“解决问题”的难度。
It's kind of you to help me.（你能帮助我真是太好了。）→这里的kind描述的是“你”的品质。
句型①两种结构的主要区别在于形容词（adj.）修饰的对象不同。若形容词描述的是事物的特征或状态，用“for”；若形容词描述的是人的品质或性格，用“of”。
句型②：It takes (sb.) time / effort to do sth.→做某事花费了（某人）多少时间或努力。
例句：It takes time and effort to master a new skill.（掌握一项新技能需要时间和努力。）→it作形式主语，to master a new skill是真正的主语。
句型③：It's time to do sth. / It's time for sth.→做某事的时候到了。
例句：It's time to have lunch.=It's time for lunch.（吃午饭的时间到了。）→it作形式主语，to have lunch / lunch是真正的主语。
句型④：It is no use doing sth.→做某事是无用的。
例句：It is no use crying over spilt milk.（覆水难收。）→it是形式主语，crying over spilt milk是真正的主语。
句型⑤：It occurred to sb. that+从句→某人突然想起某事。
例句：It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.（我突然想起我忘了带钥匙。）→it作形式主语，I had forgotten my keys是真正的主语。
句型⑥：It is said / reported that+从句→据说……
例句：It is said that the new movie is very good.（据说新电影很不错。）→it是形式主语，the new movie is very good是真正的主语。
2. 形式宾语
当动词后面的宾语从句或不定式短语作真正的宾语，且宾语较长或结构复杂时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语放在句尾。这样可以使句子更加清晰易懂。
例句：I find it easy to get on with Jack.（我觉得同杰克相处很容易。）→it作形式宾语，to get on with Jack是真正的宾语。find it adj. to do sth.是it作形式宾语的常见结构。
I would appreciate it if you could come to my wedding ceremony.（如果你能来参加我的婚礼，我将不胜感激。）→it作形式宾语，后面if引导的宾语从句是真正的宾语。
四、it用于强调句型
it用于强调句型时，也有固定结构：“it is / was+被强调部分+that / who+句子的其他成分（当强调部分是人的时候，可以用that或who）”。这里的“被强调部分”是指对句子的主语、宾语、表语或状语进行强调（注意：不能强调谓语）。
例句：It was Bill that / who didn't know the secret about her until recently.（直到最近Bill才知道她的秘密。）→it强调主语Bill。
It was the secret about him that they didn't know until recently.（他们直到最近才知道那个关于他的秘密。）→it强调宾语the secret about him。
It is kindness that makes her special.（正是善良使她与众不同。）→it强调表语kindness。
It was at 8 o'clock that he came home last night.（他昨晚8点钟才回家。）→it强调时间状语at 8 o'clock。
五、真题演练
选择填空
例1 The twins look the same, even their father finds ______ difficult to tell them from each other.
A. that B. this C. it
【解析】考查it作形式宾语。本句符合find it adj. to do sth.结构。
【答案】C
例2 ______ was in the library ______ I lost my keys.
A. It;that B. That;where C. This;that D. It;which
【解析】考查强调句结构 “It is / was+被强调部分+that / who ...”。
【答案】A
例3 —______ is sunny today. Let's go for a picnic!
—Good idea!
A. It B. This C. That D. There
【解析】考查it指代天气。
【答案】A
例4 I find ______ hard to finish the work in two hours.
A. that B. it C. this D. what
【解析】考查it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to finish the work。
【答案】B
例5 ______ is said that AI will change our lives greatly.
A. This B. That C. It D. What
【解析】考查固定句型 “It is said that …”，其中it作形式主语。
【答案】C
例6 —May I borrow your ruler
—Sorry. I left ______ at home. But you can buy ______ in the shop.
A. it;one B. one;it C. it;it
【解析】考查it指代前面的名词，同类同物；one指代前面的名词，同类不同物。
【答案】A
完形填空
例 One day, when I was walking in the park, I saw a little cat. ______ 1 was lying under a tree and looked hungry. I decided to take ______ 2 home.
1.A. It B. He C. She D. They
2.A. it B. him C. her D. them
【解析】考查指代动物或无生命物用it，此处前后一致。
【答案】1. A 2. A
句型转换
例1 To protect the environment is everyone's duty.
→______ is everyone's duty ______ protect the environment.
【解析】考查 “It is+adj./ n.+to do …” 句型。
【答案】It；to
例2 He found that reading English newspapers was helpful.
→He found _____ helpful _____ read English newspapers.
【解析】考查固定结构find it adj. to do sth.。
【答案】it； to
短文改错
例 标出错误并改正：This is important for us to save water.
【解析】考查表示泛指意义时，用it而非this。
【答案】This→It
预见中考
1. Why don't you bring _____ to his attention that you are too busy to do it
A. this B. what C. that D. it
2. I found _____ difficult to learn English well.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
3. _____ is well known _____ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.
A. It; that B. As; / C. As; as D. It; which
4. My book is missing. I can't find _____ anywhere.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
5. It is time _____ supper.
A. have B. having C. to have D. for have
参考答案
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C