中考英语专题复习讲义通用版——倒装句（含答案）

中考英语专题复习讲义——倒装句
英语句子中，主语通常在谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为自然语序；反之，如果谓语动词在主语之前，这种语序就被称为倒装语序。
那什么时候会用到倒装语序呢？一是语法上有要求时，例如在疑问句和There be等句型中；二是修辞上有要求时，比如为了强调、描写生动、衔接上下文、平衡句子等。
一、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分（如助动词、系动词或情态动词）放在主语的前面，实义动词仍保留在主语之后。
1. never、seldom、little、nowhere、not、hardly等表否定意义的词位于句首时，用部分倒装。
若要把下面的句子变成倒装句，应该怎么做呢？
(1)Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
分析：never位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把助动词have提到主语I之前。这个句子意为“我从未见过如此美丽的日落”。
(2)Seldom does he go to the movies.
分析：seldom位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把助动词does补充出来，主语he紧跟其后，原句中的谓语动词goes变为原形go。这个句子意为“他很少去看电影”。
(3)Not a word did I say to him.
分析：not a word是一个整体，位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把助动词did提到主语I之前。这个句子意为“我没有跟他说一句话”。
(4)Little does he care about what I said.
分析：little位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把助动词does补充出来，主语he紧跟其后，原句中的谓语动词cares变为原形care。这个句子意为“他几乎不在乎我说的话”。
(5)Nowhere are we going at the weekend.
分析：nowhere位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把系动词are提到主语we的前面。这个句子意为“周末我们哪儿都不去”。
2．only位于句首且修饰状语时，用部分倒装。
怎样将下面的句子改为倒装句？
(1)Only when the term was over could he go back to his hometown.
分析：only when the term was over（时间状语从句）位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把情态动词could提到主语he之前。这个句子意为“只有当学期结束时，他才能回到他的家乡”。
(2)Only recently have I realized the importance of health.
分析：only recently（副词作状语）位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把助动词have提到主语I之前。这个句子意为“我只是最近才意识到健康的重要性”。
注意：only只有修饰状语时，句子才需要倒装，修饰其他成分时不倒装。例如在“Only Mr.Wang knows this.”这个句子中，only修饰主语Mr.Wang，所以句子不倒装。
3．no sooner … than …、hardly … when …、scarcely … when …位于句首时，用部分倒装。
试一试转换下面的句子吧。
(1)No sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.
分析：no sooner位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把助动词had提到主语I之前。这个句子意为“我刚躺下电话就响了”。
(2)Hardly had she finished her speech when the audience started to applaud.
分析：hardly位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把助动词had提到主语she之前。这个句子意为“她刚完成演讲观众就开始鼓掌了”。
(3)Scarcely had he entered the room when he noticed something strange.
分析：scarcely位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把助动词had提到主语he之前。这个句子意为“他刚进入房间就注意到一些奇怪的东西”。
4. not … until …、so+形容词／副词位于句首时，用部分倒装。
改改这两个句子吧。
(1)Not until the rain stopped did he leave the house.
分析：not until位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把助动词did提到主语he之前。这个句子意为“直到雨停了他才离开家”。
(2)So fast did he run that he won the race easily.
分析：so fast位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，把助动词did补充出来，主语he紧跟其后，原句中的谓语动词ran变为原形run。这个句子意为“他跑得如此之快，以至于轻松赢得了比赛”。
5. not only … but also … 连接两个句子且not only位于句首时，not only后用部分倒装。
(1)Not only does he like reading, but also he is good at writing.
分析：not only后的句子是部分倒装，助动词does在主语he之前。这个句子意为“他不仅喜欢阅读，而且擅长写作”。
(2)Not only can she sing, but also she can dance.
分析：情态动词can在主语she之前，这个句子意为“她不仅会唱歌，而且会跳舞”。
6. “so+be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语”和“nor / neither+be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语”是部分倒装。
(1)He likes football, so do I.
分析：“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前者所叙述的肯定情况同样适用于后者。前面说“他喜欢足球”，当要表达“我也喜欢足球”时，使用so do I这种部分倒装结构。其中do是助动词，代替前面句子中的like这个动作。
(2)She doesn't like coffee, neither / nor do I.
分析：“nor / neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前者所叙述的否定情况同样适用于后者。前面说“她不喜欢咖啡”，当要表达“我也不喜欢咖啡”时，使用neither / nor do I这种部分倒装结构。其中do是助动词，代替前面句子中的like这个动作。
注意：“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”意为“……的确如此”。
例句：—He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times.（在电话铃声响很多次后他继续看电视。）
—So he did.（他的确如此。）
7. if引导的虚拟条件句中，从句的谓语动词如果是were、had、should，可省略if，将这些词提前，构成部分倒装。
(1)Had I time, I would go to Chengdu with you.
分析：此句中had位于句首，为省略if的虚拟条件句。我们把if还原，句子为“If I had time, I would go to Chengdu with you.”，它的意思是“如果我有时间，我会跟你一起去成都”。
(2)Were I you, I would go abroad.
分析：此句中were位于句首，为省略if的虚拟条件句，还原后的句子是“If I were you, I would go abroad.”，句子的意思是“如果我是你，我会出国”。
(3)Should he come, tell him to ring me up.
分析：此句中should位于句首，为省略if的虚拟条件句，还原后的句子是“If he should come, tell him to ring me up.”，句子的意思是“如果他要来，告诉他给我打电话”。
●as引导让步状语从句时，是一种特殊的倒装。此句型主谓并不倒装，把表语提到as前面并放于句首即可。如果作表语的是单数可数名词时，表语被提到句首就不再需要冠词。句中若没有表语，就倒装状语；若没有状语，就倒装谓语动词。
（1）表语的倒装
例句:Child as he is, he knows much about the world.
分析：child是is的表语，把child提到句首，冠词被省略。还原后的句子是“Although he is a child, he knows much about the world.”，它的意思是“尽管他是一个小孩，但他对世界了解很多”。
（2）状语的倒装
例句:Carefully as he did his homework, he still made many mistakes.
分析：carefully是副词，作状语修饰did his homework。还原后的句子是“Although he did his homework carefully, he still made many mistakes.”，它的意思是“尽管他很仔细地做家庭作业，但他仍然犯了许多错误”。
（3）谓语动词的倒装
例句:Fail as he did, he didn't give up.
分析：fail是谓语动词，将它提前再将助动词did补充出来。还原后的句子是“Although he failed, he didn't give up.”，它的意思是“尽管他失败了，但他没有放弃”。
注意：要表达“尽管”的意思，用as就需要倒装，用although就不需要，因此还原后的句子用的是although。
1. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life ______ so happy!
A. did I feel B. I feel C. I had felt D. had I felt
2. Not until all the fish died in the river ______ how serious pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize
3. Not only ______ interested in football but ______ beginning to show an interest in it.
A. the teacher himself is;all his students are
B. the teacher himself is;are all his students
C. is the teacher himself;are all his students
D. is the teacher himself;all his students are
4. No sooner ______ the telephone rang.
A. has he got home than B. did he get home than
C. had he got home than D. he had got home than
5. So ______ in the darkness that he didn't dare to move an inch.
A. he was frightened B. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he
6. ______ can you expect to get a pay rise.
A. With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
7. Only in this way ______ able to make improvement in the operating system.
A. you can be B. you will be C. can you be D. will you be
8. —David has made great progress recently.
— ______, and ______.
A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you
C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have
9. ______, I have never seen anyone who's as capable(有能力) as John.
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled
C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much
10. If Joe's wife doesn't go to the party, ______.
A. so does he B. neither will he C. he neither will D. neither does he
11. ______ today, he would get there by Sunday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
12. So difficult ______ it to live in an English - speaking country that I determined to learn English well.
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
13. ______ it rain tomorrow, we would have put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
14. ______ so hard, they wouldn't have won the game.
A. They hadn't trained B. Hardly they trained C. Hadn't they trained D. Were they training
15. —How was the televised debate last night
—Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
二、完全倒装
完全倒装是指将整个谓语全部放在主语之前。那什么情况需要完全倒装呢？我们一起来看一看。
1. There be结构是完全倒装。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有：exist、seem、happen、appear、live、rise、stand等。
例句:There stands a tall building.
分析：there位于句首时，句子完全倒装，把谓语动词stands提到主语a tall building之前。还原后的句子是 “A tall building stands there.”，它的意思是 “那里矗立着一座高楼”。
2．“now / then+come（或be动词、go、lie、run）+主语” 结构用完全倒装。
例句:Then came the moment we had been waiting for.
分析：then位于句首时，句子完全倒装，把谓语动词came提到主语the moment we had been waiting for之前。还原后的句子是 “The moment we had been waiting for came then.”，它的意思是 “我们一直等待的时刻到了”。
3．表示地点的副词和介词词组（如here、there、on the wall、under the tree、in front of the house、in the middle of the room等）在句首时，用完全倒装。
例句1:Here comes the bus.
分析：here位于句首时，句子完全倒装，把谓语动词comes提到主语the bus之前。还原后的句子是 “The bus comes here.”，它的意思是 “公共汽车来了”。
例句2:In the classroom stands a teacher.
分析：in the classroom是介词短语作状语，其位于句首时，句子完全倒装，把谓语动词stands提到主语a teacher之前。还原后的句子是 “A teacher stands in the classroom.”，它的意思是 “老师站在教室里”。
例句3:On the wall hangs a beautiful picture.
分析：on the wall是介词短语作状语，其位于句首时，句子完全倒装，把谓语动词hangs提到主语a beautiful picture之前。还原后的句子是 “A beautiful picture hangs on the wall.”，它的意思是 “一幅漂亮的画挂在墙上”。
● 主语是人称代词，则语序不变。
例句1：Here you are.
分析：you是人称代词，虽然here位于句首，但语序不变。这是一个常见的表达，意思是 “给你”。
例句2:There he stands.
分析：he是人称代词，虽然there位于句首，但语序不变。这句话的意思是 “他站在那里”。
4．表示方向的副词out、in、up、down、away等置于句首时，用完全倒装。
例句1:In came Mr. White.
分析：方位副词in位于句首时，句子完全倒装，把谓语动词came提到主语Mr. White之前。还原后的句子是 “Mr. White came in.”，它的意思是 “怀特先生进来了”。
例句2:Up went the arrow into the air.
分析：方位副词up位于句首时，句子完全倒装，把谓语动词went提到主语the arrow之前。还原后的句子是 “The arrow went up into the air.”，它的意思是 “箭射向高空”。
5．直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，可以用倒装。
例句1:“What should I do next ” asked the student.
分析：直接引语全部放在句首，句子完全倒装，把谓语动词asked提到主语the stu - dent之前。还原后的句子是 “The student asked,‘What should I do next ’”，它的意思是 “学生问道：‘我接下来应该做什么呢？’”
例句2:“I will never give up,” said Tom.
分析：直接引语全部放在句首，句子完全倒装，把谓语动词said提到主语Tom之前。还原后的句子是 “Tom said,‘I will never give up.’”，它的意思是 “汤姆说：‘我永远不会放弃’”。
6．为了强调表语，把表语置于句首，倒装结构为 “表语+系动词+主语”。
（1）形容词+系动词+主语
例句:Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.
分析：present at the meeting是表语，为了强调，将其放在句首。把谓语动词were提到主语Professor White and many other guests之前。还原后的句子是 “Professor White and many other guests were present at the meeting.”，它的意思是 “出席会议的有怀特教授和许多其他的客人”。
（2）过去分词+系动词+主语
例句:Gone are the days when we had no worries.
分析：gone是表语，为了强调，将其放在句首。还原后的句子是 “The days when we had no worries are gone.”，它的意思是 “我们无忧无虑的日子已经一去不复返了”。
（3）介词短语+be+主语
例句:Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
分析：among the goods是表语，为了强调，将其放在句首。把谓语动词are提到主语 “Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys”之前。还原后的句子是 “Christmas trees, flow - ers, candles and toys are among the goods.”，它的意思是 “货物中有圣诞树、鲜花、蜡烛、玩具”。
预见中考
16. —Let's hurry. Listen! There ______.
—Oh, yes. Has the teacher come yet
—Look! Here ______.
A. the bell goes; is he coming
B. goes the bell; he comes
C. the bell is going; he is coming
D. goes the bell; comes he
17. Up into the sky ______.
A. went the light blue smoke B. the light blue smoke went
C. go the light blue smoke D. does the light blue smoke go
18. On a hill, in front of them ______.
A. stands a great castle B. a great castle stands
C. stand a great castle D. does a great castle stand
19. Autumn coming, down ______.
A. fall the leaves B. do the leaves fall
C. the leaves fall D. falling the leaves
20. In the dark forests ______, some large enough to hold several towns.
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
21. ______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
22. —Is everyone here
—Not yet. Look, there ______ the rest of our guests!
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
23. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______, one of the ten
largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
24. Just in front of our house ______ with a history of 1,000 years.
A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree
C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands
参考答案
1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B
9. C 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. B
17. A 18. A 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B