中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
初中英语八种核心时态详解与中考适配练习
第一部分:八种时态核心讲解
一、一般现在时
1. 概念
表示经常性、习惯性的动作或行为;表示客观事实、真理及自然规律;表示主语的性格、能力、职业或稳定存在的状态;在时间/条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
2. be动词和实义动词变化形式
be动词变化:主语是I时用am;主语是you(你/你们)、we、they或复数名词时用are;主语是he、she、it或单数可数名词、不可数名词时用is。
实义动词变化:主语为第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)、第三人称复数(they、复数名词)时,用动词原形;主语为第三人称单数(he、she、it、单数可数名词、不可数名词)时,动词需变第三人称单数形式。
三单变化规则:
① 一般情况直接加s(如:play→plays,eat→eats,work→works);
② 以s、x、ch、sh、o结尾的动词加es(如:watch→watches,wash→washes,pass→passes,do→does,go→goes);
③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i加es(如:study→studies,fly→flies,carry→carries);
④ 特殊变化:have→has。
3. 句式结构
肯定句:
- be动词:主语 + am/is/are + 其他(如:I am a junior high student. He is a doctor.);
- 实义动词:主语 + 动词原形/动词三单 + 其他(如:They play football every Friday. She has a new pen.)。
否定句:
- be动词:主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他(可缩写为isn't/aren't,am not无缩写)(如:I am not late for school. It isn't cold today.);
- 实义动词:主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他(注:第三人称单数用doesn't,其余用don't)(如:We don't watch TV on weekdays. He doesn't like playing basketball.)。
一般疑问句:
- be动词:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.)(如:Are you a student Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.);
- 实义动词:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + do/does. 否定回答:No, 主语 + don't/doesn't.)(如:Does she go to school by bike Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.)。
特殊疑问句:
- 疑问词 + Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 其他?(如:Where are you from I'm from China.);
- 疑问词 + Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(如:How often does he exercise He exercises twice a week.)。
4. 时间副词/短语总结
every day(每天)、every week(每周)、every month(每月)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、sometimes(有时候)、always(总是)、never(从不)、in the morning(在早上)、on Mondays(在周一)、once a week(一周一次)、twice a month(一月两次)、all the time(一直)等。
5. 例句(全句式)
肯定句:
- be动词:She is a teacher.(她是一名老师。)/ They are in the classroom.(他们在教室里。)
- 实义动词:I eat breakfast at 7 o'clock every morning.(我每天早上7点吃早饭。)/ Tom plays the piano after school.(汤姆放学后弹钢琴。)
否定句:
- be动词:We are not busy on weekends.(我们周末不忙。)/ He isn't happy today.(他今天不开心。)
- 实义动词:My parents don't work on Sundays.(我父母周日不上班。)/ The cat doesn't like fish.(这只猫不喜欢鱼。)
一般疑问句:
- be动词:Is your mother a nurse Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.(你妈妈是护士吗?是的,她是。/ 不,她不是。)
- 实义动词:Do you read books every evening Yes, I do. / No, I don't.(你每天晚上看书吗?是的,我看。/ 不,我不看。)
特殊疑问句:
- When do you get up I get up at 6:30.(你什么时候起床?我6点30分起床。)
- What does she do on weekends She often goes shopping.(她周末做什么?她经常去购物。)
二、一般过去时
1. 概念
表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态;表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作;表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。
2. be动词和实义动词变化形式
be动词变化:am/is的过去式是was;are的过去式是were。
实义动词变化:所有主语后的实义动词都用过去式。
过去式变化规则:
① 一般情况直接加ed(如:work→worked,play→played,walk→walked);
② 以e结尾的动词加d(如:live→lived,like→liked,love→loved);
③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i加ed(如:cry→cried,carry→carried,study→studied);
④ 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写末尾辅音字母加ed(如:stop→stopped,plan→planned,shop→shopped);
⑤ 特殊变化(需熟记):go→went,do→did,eat→ate,see→saw,have→had,take→took,run→ran,sing→sang,write→wrote,read→read(发音/red/),buy→bought,bring→brought等。
3. 句式结构
肯定句:
- be动词:主语 + was/were + 其他(如:I was at home yesterday. They were happy last week.);
- 实义动词:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他(如:She ate an apple this morning. We went to the zoo yesterday.)。
否定句:
- be动词:主语 + was/were + not + 其他(可缩写为wasn't/weren't)(如:He wasn't late yesterday. They weren't in the classroom.);
- 实义动词:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他(注:不管主语是第几人称,都用didn't,后面动词必须还原为原形)(如:I didn't finish my homework. She didn't see the film.)。
一般疑问句:
- be动词:Was/Were + 主语 + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答:No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.)(如:Were you in the library Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.);
- 实义动词:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn't.)(如:Did he play football yesterday Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.)。
特殊疑问句:
- 疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语 + 其他?(如:Where were you last night I was at my grandma's home.);
- 疑问词 + Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(如:What did you do yesterday I cleaned my room.)。
4. 时间副词/短语总结
yesterday(昨天)、yesterday morning(昨天早上)、last night(昨晚)、last week(上周)、last year(去年)、ago(……以前,如:three days ago 三天前、five years ago 五年前)、just now(刚才)、in 2020(在2020年)、once upon a time(从前)、the day before yesterday(前天)等。
5. 例句(全句式)
肯定句:
- be动词:My brother was ten years old last year.(我弟弟去年10岁。)/ The flowers were beautiful.(这些花以前很漂亮。)
- 实义动词:They visited their grandparents last weekend.(他们上周末去看望了祖父母。)/ I saw a bird in the tree just now.(我刚才在树上看到了一只鸟。)
否定句:
- be动词:It wasn't rainy yesterday.(昨天没有下雨。)/ We weren't busy last Sunday.(我们上周日不忙。)
- 实义动词:She didn't go to school because she was ill.(她因为生病没去上学。)/ They didn't watch TV last night.(他们昨晚没看电视。)
一般疑问句:
- be动词:Was your father at work yesterday Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.(你爸爸昨天上班了吗?是的,他上了。/ 不,他没上。)
- 实义动词:Did you eat noodles for lunch Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.(你午饭吃面条了吗?是的,我吃了。/ 不,我没吃。)
特殊疑问句:
- When did you go to bed last night I went to bed at 10 o'clock.(你昨晚什么时候睡觉的?我10点睡的。)
- How did you go to school yesterday I went by bike.(你昨天怎么去学校的?我骑自行车去的。)
三、一般将来时
1. 概念
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态;表示计划、打算、安排好的未来动作;表示对未来的预测或判断。
2. 常用表达结构及动词变化
初中阶段重点掌握三种结构:
结构一:will + 动词原形(适用于所有主语,will没有人称和数的变化,可缩写为'll)
否定形式:will not → won't;疑问形式:will提前。
结构二:be going to + 动词原形(be动词随主语变化:I am/You are/He/She/It is/We are/They are,可缩写为I'm/You're/He's/She's/It's/We're/They're)
否定形式:be + not + going to + 动词原形;疑问形式:be动词提前。
结构三:be + to do(表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,语气较正式)
否定形式:be + not + to do;疑问形式:be动词提前。
3. 句式结构
肯定句:
- will结构:主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他(如:I will go to Beijing tomorrow. He will buy a new book.);
- be going to结构:主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 + 其他(如:She is going to have a party. We are going to plant trees.);
- be to do结构:主语 + am/is/are + to do + 其他(如:We are to meet at the school gate. The meeting is to start at 3 o'clock.)。
否定句:
- will结构:主语 + won't + 动词原形 + 其他(如:They won't play football this afternoon.);
- be going to结构:主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他(如:He is not going to watch TV. I am not going to swim.);
- be to do结构:主语 + am/is/are + not + to do + 其他(如:You are not to be late. The game is not to begin until 4 o'clock.)。
一般疑问句:
- will结构:Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + will. 否定回答:No, 主语 + won't.)(如:Will you come to my home Yes, I will. / No, I won't.);
- be going to结构:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.)(如:Is she going to dance Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.);
- be to do结构:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + to do + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.)(如:Are we to finish the work today Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.)。
特殊疑问句:
- 疑问词 + Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(如:When will you leave I will leave tomorrow morning.);
- 疑问词 + Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?(如:What are you going to do next weekend I'm going to visit my uncle.)。
4. 时间副词/短语总结
tomorrow(明天)、tomorrow morning(明天早上)、next week(下周)、next year(明年)、soon(很快)、this weekend(这个周末)、in the future(在将来)、in three days(三天后)、in a week(一周后)、the day after tomorrow(后天)、later(稍后)等。
5. 例句(全句式)
肯定句:
- will结构:The sun will rise early tomorrow.(明天太阳会早早升起。)/ We will have a picnic next Saturday.(我们下周六要去野餐。)
- be going to结构:My mother is going to cook fish for dinner.(我妈妈晚饭要做鱼。)/ The children are going to visit the museum.(孩子们要去参观博物馆。)
- be to do结构:He is to go abroad next month.(他下个月要出国。)/ The new library is to open next year.(新图书馆明年开放。)
否定句:
- will结构:I won't be late for the meeting.(我不会迟到会议。)/ It won't rain tomorrow.(明天不会下雨。)
- be going to结构:They are not going to climb the mountain.(他们不打算去爬山。)/ He is not going to finish his homework today.(他今天不打算完成作业。)
- be to do结构:She is not to take the exam.(她不用参加这次考试。)/ We are not to go out tonight.(我们今晚不许出去。)
一般疑问句:
- will结构:Will your father take you to the park Yes, he will. / No, he won't.(你爸爸会带你去公园吗?是的,他会。/ 不,他不会。)
- be going to结构:Are you going to learn English Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.(你打算学英语吗?是的,我打算。/ 不,我不打算。)
- be to do结构:Is the meeting to be held today Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.(会议今天开吗?是的,开。/ 不,不开。)
特殊疑问句:
- How will you go to Shanghai I will go by train.(你怎么去上海?我坐火车去。)
- Where are you going to travel I'm going to travel to Sanya.(你打算去哪个地方旅游?我打算去三亚旅游。)
四、现在进行时
1. 概念
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作;表示现阶段正在进行的动作(此时动作不一定正在发生,但在当前阶段持续进行);表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作(多与位移类动词连用,如go、come、leave、arrive等)。
2. 动词变化形式(核心:be + 动词-ing形式)
be动词变化:随主语变化(I am/You are/He/She/It is/We are/They are,可缩写)。
动词-ing变化规则:
① 一般情况直接加ing(如:run→running,eat→eating,work→working);
② 以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加ing(如:write→writing,dance→dancing,live→living);
③ 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写末尾辅音字母加ing(如:swim→swimming,sit→sitting,stop→stopping);
④ 以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y加ing(如:lie→lying,tie→tying,die→dying);
⑤ 以er结尾的动词,若er发/ /音,且末尾为r,直接加ing(如:study→studying,carry→carrying;注意:prefer→preferring,双写r)。
3. 句式结构
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing + 其他(如:I am reading a book now. She is singing. He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.)。
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing + 其他(如:He is not watching TV. We are not playing games.)。
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答:No, 主语 + am/is/are + not.)(如:Are they playing basketball Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.)。
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?(如:What are you doing now I'm writing a letter. Where is he going He's going to the library.)。
4. 时间副词/短语总结
now(现在)、look(看,常用于句首提示动作正在进行)、listen(听,常用于句首提示动作正在进行)、at the moment(此刻)、these days(这些天,表阶段)、right now(此时此刻)、at present(目前)等。
5. 例句(全句式)
肯定句:
- Look! The bird is flying in the sky.(看!那只鸟正在天上飞。)
- My sister is doing her homework now.(我姐姐现在正在做作业。)
- He is reading a novel these days.(这些天他正在读一本小说。)
- The plane is taking off in 10 minutes.(飞机10分钟后起飞。)
否定句:
- Listen! They are not talking loudly.(听!他们没有大声说话。)
- I am not eating breakfast.(我没有在吃早饭。)
- She is not working these days.(这些天她没有工作。)
一般疑问句:
- Is your brother playing football Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.(你弟弟正在踢足球吗?是的,他在。/ 不,他不在。)
- Are you reading a storybook Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.(你正在读故事书吗?是的,我在。/ 不,我不在。)
特殊疑问句:
- What is she doing now She is cooking.(她现在在做什么?她在做饭。)
- When are you leaving I'm leaving tomorrow morning.(你什么时候走?我明天早上走。)
五、现在完成时
1. 概念
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;表示从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或状态(常与for、since引导的时间状语连用);表示动作发生在过去,但对现在仍有联系,且可能继续下去。
2. 动词变化形式(核心:have/has + 动词过去分词)
have/has变化:主语为第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)、第三人称复数(they、复数名词)时用have;主语为第三人称单数(he、she、it、单数名词、不可数名词)时用has(可缩写为've/'s)。
动词过去分词变化:
① 规则变化:与动词过去式变化规则相同(直接加ed、以e结尾加d、变y为i加ed、双写末尾辅音加ed);
② 不规则变化(需熟记):go→gone,do→done,eat→eaten,see→seen,have→had,take→taken,run→run,sing→sung,write→written,read→read(发音/red/),buy→bought,bring→brought,begin→begun,drink→drunk,drive→driven等。
3. 句式结构
肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他(如:I have finished my homework. She has lived here for 5 years.)。
否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他(可缩写为haven't/hasn't)(如:He hasn't seen the film. They haven't arrived yet.)。
一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答:No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.)(如:Have you read this book Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.)。
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?(如:How long have you lived here I have lived here for 3 years. What has he done He has cleaned the room.)。
4. 时间副词/短语总结
already(已经,常用于肯定句,可位于句中或句末)、yet(还、尚未,常用于否定句和疑问句,位于句末)、just(刚刚,位于have/has之后)、ever(曾经,常用于疑问句)、never(从不,常用于否定句)、before(以前,位于句末)、for + 时间段(如:for 3 years 三年、for 2 hours 两小时)、since + 时间点/过去时句子(如:since 2020 自从2020年、since he came here 自从他来这里)、so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在)、in the past few years(在过去的几年里)等。
5. 例句(全句式)
肯定句:
- I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业。)
- She has lived in this city since 2018.(自从2018年她就住在这个城市了。)
- He has just come back from Beijing.(他刚刚从北京回来。)
- We have learned English for 6 years.(我们已经学了6年英语了。)
否定句:
- They haven't arrived yet.(他们还没到。)
- She hasn't seen this film before.(她以前没看过这部电影。)
- He hasn't finished his work.(他还没完成工作。)
一般疑问句:
- Have you ever been to Shanghai Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.(你曾经去过上海吗?是的,我去过。/ 不,我没去过。)
- Has he finished his homework Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.(他完成作业了吗?是的,完成了。/ 不,没完成。)
特殊疑问句:
- How long have you studied English I have studied English for 5 years.(你学英语多久了?我学了5年了。)
- What have you done today I have cleaned my room and washed clothes.(你今天做了什么?我打扫了房间,还洗了衣服。)
六、过去进行时
1. 概念
表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作;表示过去某一时间段内正在持续进行的动作;表示过去两个同时进行的动作(常用while连接);表示过去一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行(常用when连接)。
2. 动词变化形式(核心:was/were + 动词-ing形式)
was/were变化:主语为第一人称单数(I)、第三人称单数(he、she、it、单数名词)时用was;主语为第二人称(you)、第一人称复数(we)、第三人称复数(they、复数名词)时用were。
动词-ing变化规则:与现在进行时的动词-ing变化规则相同。
3. 句式结构
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + 其他(如:I was reading a book at 8 o'clock last night. They were playing football at this time yesterday.)。
否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing + 其他(可缩写为wasn't/weren't)(如:He wasn't watching TV at that time. They weren't playing games.)。
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答:No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.)(如:Were you sleeping at 10 o'clock last night Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.)。
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?(如:What were you doing at 9 o'clock last night I was doing my homework.)。
4. 时间副词/短语总结
at 8 o'clock last night(昨晚8点)、at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、from 3 to 5 yesterday afternoon(昨天下午3点到5点)、when + 过去时句子(当……的时候)、while + 过去进行时句子(在……期间)、at that moment(在那个时刻)、at that time(在那时)等。
5. 例句(全句式)
肯定句:
- I was reading a novel at 7 o'clock last night.(昨晚7点我正在读一本小说。)
- They were playing basketball when the rain came.(下雨的时候他们正在打篮球。)
- While she was cooking, her husband was watching TV.(她做饭的时候,她丈夫正在看电视。)
- He was studying from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午2点到4点他正在学习。)
否定句:
- She wasn't listening to music at that time.(那时她没有在听音乐。)
- They weren't playing football this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他们没有在踢足球。)
一般疑问句:
- Were you doing your homework at 8 o'clock last night Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.(昨晚8点你正在做作业吗?是的,我在做。/ 不,我没做。)
- Was he watching TV when you came Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.(你进来的时候他正在看电视吗?是的,他在看。/ 不,他没看。)
特殊疑问句:
- What were you doing when the accident happened I was walking on the street.(事故发生的时候你正在做什么?我正在街上走。)
- When was she cooking She was cooking at 6 o'clock yesterday evening.(她什么时候在做饭?她昨晚6点在做饭。)
七、过去将来时
1. 概念
表示从过去的角度看,将要发生的动作或存在的状态;常用于宾语从句中,主句为一般过去时,从句表示过去将要发生的动作;也可用于状语从句、定语从句中。
2. 常用表达结构及动词变化
结构一:would + 动词原形(would是will的过去式,没有人称和数的变化,可缩写为'd)
否定形式:would not → wouldn't;疑问形式:would提前。
结构二:was/were going to + 动词原形(was/were随主语变化)
否定形式:was/were + not + going to + 动词原形;疑问形式:was/were提前。
结构三:was/were to + 动词原形(表示过去计划、安排好的未来动作)
否定形式:was/were + not + to + 动词原形;疑问形式:was/were提前。
3. 句式结构
肯定句:
- would结构:主语 + would + 动词原形 + 其他(如:He said he would go to Beijing.);
- was/were going to结构:主语 + was/were + going to + 动词原形 + 其他(如:She told me she was going to have a party.);
- was/were to结构:主语 + was/were + to + 动词原形 + 其他(如:They said the meeting was to start at 3 o'clock.)。
否定句:
- would结构:主语 + wouldn't + 动词原形 + 其他(如:He said he wouldn't be late.);
- was/were going to结构:主语 + was/were + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他(如:She wasn't going to visit her grandma.);
- was/were to结构:主语 + was/were + not + to + 动词原形 + 其他(如:The game was not to be held that day.)。
一般疑问句:
- would结构:Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + would. 否定回答:No, 主语 + wouldn't.)(如:Would he come Yes, he would. / No, he wouldn't.);
- was/were going to结构:Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答:No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.)(如:Was she going to dance Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.)。
特殊疑问句:
- 疑问词 + Would + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(如:When would he leave He would leave the next day.);
- 疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?(如:What was she going to do She was going to buy a book.)。
4. 时间副词/短语总结
the next day(第二天)、the next week(第二周)、the following month(下个月)、soon(很快,从过去看)、later(稍后,从过去看)、in a few days(几天后,从过去看)等(常与主句的过去时配合使用)。
5. 例句(全句式)
肯定句:
- He said he would visit his uncle the next day.(他说他第二天要去看望他叔叔。)
- She told me she was going to have a picnic.(她告诉我她要去野餐。)
- They said the new building was to open the next month.(他们说新大楼下个月开放。)
- I knew he would come soon.(我知道他很快就会来。)
否定句:
- He said he wouldn't go to the party.(他说他不会去参加派对。)
- She wasn't going to finish her homework that day.(她那天不打算完成作业。)
- The meeting was not to be held the next day.(会议第二天不举行。)
一般疑问句:
- Would he go to Shanghai Yes, he would. / No, he wouldn't.(他会去上海吗?是的,他会去。/ 不,他不会去。)
- Was she going to learn English Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.(她打算学英语吗?是的,她打算。/ 不,她不打算。)
特殊疑问句:
- When would he leave He would leave the next morning.(他什么时候走?他第二天早上走。)
- What was she going to buy She was going to buy a new dress.(她打算买什么?她打算买一条新裙子。)
八、过去完成时
1. 概念
表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”;表示过去某个动作发生之前,已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态;常用于复合句中,明确两个过去动作的先后顺序。
2. 动词变化形式(核心:had + 动词过去分词)
had变化:没有人称和数的变化,适用于所有主语(可缩写为'd)。
动词过去分词变化:与现在完成时的动词过去分词变化规则相同(规则变化和不规则变化)。
3. 句式结构
肯定句:主语 + had + 动词过去分词 + 其他(如:He had finished his homework before his mother came back. They had lived here for 3 years before they moved to Beijing.)。
否定句:主语 + had + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他(可缩写为hadn't)(如:She hadn't seen the film before she went to the cinema. They hadn't arrived when we left.)。
一般疑问句:Had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + had. 否定回答:No, 主语 + hadn't.)(如:Had you finished your work before 6 o'clock Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't.)。
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + Had + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?(如:How long had they lived here before they left They had lived here for 5 years. What had he done before he came here He had worked in a factory.)。
4. 时间副词/短语总结
by + 过去时间点(如:by 2020 到2020年为止、by last night 到昨晚为止)、before + 过去时间点/过去时句子(如:before he came 在他来之前)、until + 过去时间点(直到过去某个时间)、when + 过去时句子(当……的时候,主句动作发生在从句之前)、by the end of + 过去时间(如:by the end of last year 到去年年底为止)等。
5. 例句(全句式)
肯定句:
- He had finished his homework before his mother came back.(他妈妈回来之前,他已经完成了作业。)
- They had lived in this city for 10 years before they moved to Shanghai.(他们搬到上海之前,已经在这个城市住了10年了。)
- By the end of last year, we had learned 1000 new words.(到去年年底为止,我们已经学了1000个新单词了。)
- When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.(当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。)
否定句:
- She hadn't eaten breakfast when she went to school.(她上学的时候还没吃早饭。)
- They hadn't finished the work by 5 o'clock yesterday.(到昨天5点为止,他们还没完成工作。)
一般疑问句:
- Had you read this book before you saw the film Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't.(你看这部电影之前读过这本书吗?是的,读过。/ 不,没读过。)
- Had he arrived when you called him Yes, he had. / No, he hadn't.(你给他打电话的时候他到了吗?是的,到了。/ 不,没到。)
特殊疑问句:
- How long had they studied English before they went abroad They had studied English for 8 years.(他们出国之前学了多久英语?他们学了8年。)
- What had she done before she became a teacher She had worked as a nurse.(她成为老师之前做过什么?她当过护士。)
第二部分:中考适配练习题
一、单选题(每组10小题,共3组,每题1.5分,满分45分)
第一组
My mother ______ to work by bus every day.( )
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
— ______ you at home yesterday evening
— No, I ______.( )
A. Are; am not B. Were; wasn't C. Was; weren't D. Do; don't
They ______ a picnic in the park next Sunday.( )
A. have B. had C. will have D. are having
Look! The children ______ kites on the playground.( )
A. fly B. flew C. will fly D. are flying
Tom ______ TV last night. He did his homework.( )
A. doesn't watch B. didn't watch C. won't watch D. isn't watching
There ______ a football match tomorrow afternoon.( )
A. is going to be B. is C. was D. will have
He ______ in this school for five years.( )
A. study B. studied C. has studied D. will study
Lucy ______ a book when I saw her yesterday afternoon.( )
A. reads B. read C. was reading D. will read
— ______ he ______ the letter yet
— No, he hasn't.( )
A. Has; written B. Did; write C. Will; write D. Is; writing
She said she ______ to Beijing the next day.( )
A. will go B. goes C. went D. would go
第二组
My father usually ______ tea after dinner, but yesterday he ______ coffee.( )
A. drink; drink B. drinks; drank C. drank; drinks D. drinks; drink
— ______ your sister ______ English songs now
— Yes, she is.( )
A. Does; sing B. Did; sing C. Is; singing D. Will; sing
We ______ not go to school on weekends.( )
A. are B. do C. did D. will
They ______ already ______ their homework before dinner.( )
A. have; finish B. have; finished C. did; finish D. will; finish
The train ______ at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning.( )
A. leave B. leaves C. left D. will leave
When I got home, my mother ______ dinner.( )
A. cooks B. cooked C. was cooking D. will cook
He said he ______ never seen such a beautiful place before.( )
A. has B. had C. is D. was
— How long ______ you ______ this book
— For two weeks.( )
A. have; borrowed B. have; kept C. did; borrow D. will; keep
While Tom ______ TV, his sister was doing her homework.( )
A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. will watch
They ______ to the Great Wall if it doesn't rain tomorrow.( )
A. go B. went C. will go D. are going
第三组
— What ______ you ______ at 9 o'clock last night
— I was reading a newspaper.( )
A. do; do B. did; do C. were; doing D. will; do
My grandparents ______ in this village for over 50 years.( )
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
She ______ the piano every day, but she ______ it yesterday.( )
A. plays; didn't play B. plays; doesn't play C. played; didn't play D. will play; didn't play
There ______ a lot of changes in our city since 2010.( )
A. are B. were C. have been D. will be
The teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun.( )
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
By the time I arrived at the party, most people ______ already left.( )
A. have B. had C. were D. will
— ______ you ever ______ to Guangzhou
— Yes, I went there last year.( )
A. Have; been B. Did; go C. Will; go D. Are; going
They ______ a new school in our town next year.( )
A. build B. built C. will build D. are building
I ______ my homework when my father came back from work.( )
A. do B. did C. was doing D. will do
He ______ here for an hour when I called him.( )
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
二、填空题(每组10小题,共3组,每题2分,满分60分)
第一组
My brother usually ______ (get) up at 6:30 every morning, but yesterday he ______ (get) up at 7:00.
Look! The girls ______ (dance) in the classroom now.
There ______ (be) a football match on TV this evening. Let's watch it together.
He ______ (live) in this city since he was born.
When I passed the park, I saw some children ______ (play) games there.
She said she ______ (visit) her grandparents the next weekend.
By the end of last month, we ______ (learn) 2000 English words.
They ______ (not finish) their homework yet. They need more time.
My parents ______ (watch) TV at 8 o'clock last night.
If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we will stay at home.
第二组
Tom ______ (like) playing basketball very much. He ______ (play) it every afternoon after school.
— What ______ you ______ (do) at this time yesterday
— I ______ (read) a storybook.
They ______ (go) to Beijing last summer vacation and ______ (have) a good time there.
We ______ (not see) each other for a long time. I miss you very much.
The plane ______ (take) off in 10 minutes. Please hurry up.
My mother ______ (cook) dinner when I got home yesterday evening.
He told me that he ______ (finish) his homework before I came.
There ______ (be) great changes in our hometown in the past few years.
— ______ you ______ (clean) your room yet
— Yes, I ______ (clean) it an hour ago.
She ______ (not go) to school tomorrow because she is ill.
第三组
The sun ______ (rise) in the east and ______ (set) in the west. It's a natural rule.
When I was young, I ______ (visit) my grandparents every weekend.
They ______ (build) a new hospital in our city now. It ______ (be) finished next year.
By the time the police arrived, the thief ______ (run) away.
I ______ (learn) English for 8 years. I can speak it very well now.
— ______ your father ______ (go) to work by car every day
— No, he usually ______ (go) by bike, but yesterday he ______ (go) by car because it rained.
While my sister ______ (listen) to music, I ______ (do) my homework last night.
They ______ (plan) to have a picnic next Sunday. We hope the weather ______ (be) fine.
He ______ (not eat) breakfast yet. He ______ (be) hungry now.
She said she ______ (not know) the answer to the question.
三、改错题(每组10小题,共3组,每题2分,满分60分)
第一组(下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正)
He usually get up early in the morning. ______ → ______
They are going to have a picnic on next Sunday. ______ → ______
I have seen this film three days ago. ______ → ______
When I arrived at the station, the train has already left. ______ → ______
She said she will come to the party tomorrow. ______ → ______
Look! The children play football on the playground. ______ → ______
My parents have lived in this city since 10 years. ______ → ______
He didn't went to school yesterday because he was ill. ______ → ______
There will have a meeting in our school tomorrow afternoon. ______ → ______
While Tom was watching TV, his sister is doing her homework. ______ → ______
第二组(下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正)
My brother like playing computer games very much. ______ → ______
They have been to Beijing twice last year. ______ → ______
I was reading a book when the phone ring. ______ → ______
She told me that she has finished her homework. ______ → ______
He will go to Shanghai if he will have time tomorrow. ______ → ______
There is going to have a football match this evening. ______ → ______
We have learn English for 6 years. ______ → ______
They played basketball at this time yesterday. ______ → ______
My mother cook dinner when I got home yesterday. ______ → ______
By the end of last year, we have learned 1500 new words. ______ → ______
第三组(下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正)
The earth go around the sun. ______ → ______
He has borrowed this book for two weeks. ______ → ______
They didn't see each other since last month. ______ → ______
When I was a child, I often play in the park. ______ → ______
She said she is going to visit her uncle the next day. ______ → ______
Look! The birds are fly in the sky. ______ → ______
We will have a picnic if it won't rain tomorrow. ______ → ______
My father has worked in this factory since 2010 years ago. ______ → ______
While they were talking, the teacher come in. ______ → ______
He usually drink tea after dinner, but today he drank coffee. ______ → ______
第三部分:参考答案与详细解析
一、单选题答案与解析
第一组
答案:B
解析:根据时间状语“every day”(每天)可知,句子用一般现在时;主语“My mother”是第三人称单数,实义动词“get”需变三单形式“goes”。
答案:B
解析:根据时间状语“yesterday evening”(昨晚)可知,句子用一般过去时;主语“you”搭配be动词“were”,否定回答用“wasn't”(I对应的过去式否定)。
答案:C
解析:根据时间状语“next Sunday”(下周日)可知,句子用一般将来时,“will have”表示“将要举行”,符合语境。
答案:D
解析:根据提示词“Look!”(看)可知,动作正在进行,用现在进行时“are flying”。
答案:B
解析:根据时间状语“last night”(昨晚)可知,句子用一般过去时;由“He did his homework”(他做了作业)可知,前半句表否定,用“didn't watch”。
答案:A
解析:根据时间状语“tomorrow afternoon”(明天下午)可知,句子用一般将来时;“there be”句型的将来时为“there is going to be”或“there will be”,不能用“there will have”,故选A。
答案:C
解析:根据时间状语“for five years”(五年了)可知,句子用现在完成时,“has studied”表示动作从过去持续到现在。
答案:C
解析:根据“when I saw her yesterday afternoon”(昨天下午我看见她的时候)可知,主句动作正在进行,用过去进行时“was reading”。
答案:A
解析:根据疑问词后的回答“No, he hasn't”可知,问句用现在完成时,结构为“Has + 主语 + 过去分词”,“write”的过去分词是“written”。
答案:D
解析:主句“She said”(她说)是一般过去时,宾语从句需用过去将来时“would go”,表示“从过去看将要发生的动作”。
第二组
答案:B
解析:第一空根据“usually”(通常)可知用一般现在时,主语“My father”是三单,用“drinks”;第二空根据“yesterday”(昨天)可知用一般过去时,“drink”的过去式是“drank”。
答案:C
解析:根据时间状语“now”(现在)和回答“Yes, she is”可知,问句用现在进行时,结构为“Is + 主语 + 动词-ing”。
答案:B
解析:根据“on weekends”(在周末)可知,句子用一般现在时;实义动词“go”的否定形式需加助动词“do”,即“do not go”。
答案:B
解析:根据“already”(已经)和“before dinner”(晚饭前)可知,句子用现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,“finish”的过去分词是“finished”。
答案:D
解析:根据时间状语“tomorrow morning”(明天早上)可知,句子用一般将来时,“will leave”表示“将要出发”;若用一般现在时表将来,需是计划好的时刻表,此处无此语境,故选D。
答案:C
解析:根据“When I got home”(当我到家的时候)可知,主句动作正在进行,用过去进行时“was cooking”。
答案:B
解析:主句“He said”(他说)是一般过去时,宾语从句需用过去完成时“had never seen”,表示“在过去说之前从未见过”,即“过去的过去”。
答案:B
解析:根据回答“For two weeks”(两周了)可知,句子用现在完成时;“borrow”是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,需换成延续性动词“keep”,其过去分词是“kept”。
答案:C
解析:“while”引导的时间状语从句,强调两个动作同时进行,主句用过去进行时,从句也用过去进行时“was watching”。
答案:C
解析:“if”引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时“doesn't rain”,主句用一般将来时“will go”。
第三组
答案:C
解析:根据时间状语“at 9 o'clock last night”(昨晚9点)可知,句子用过去进行时,结构为“were + 主语 + 动词-ing”。
答案:C
解析:根据时间状语“for over 50 years”(超过50年了)可知,句子用现在完成时“have lived”,表示动作从过去持续到现在。
答案:A
解析:第一空根据“every day”(每天)可知用一般现在时,主语“She”是三单,用“plays”;第二空根据“yesterday”(昨天)可知用一般过去时的否定形式“didn't play”。
答案:C
解析:根据时间状语“since 2010”(自从2010年)可知,句子用现在完成时;“there be”句型的现在完成时为“there have been”(主语“changes”是复数)。
答案:B
解析:宾语从句“the earth...around the sun”(地球绕太阳转)是客观真理,无论主句时态如何,从句都用一般现在时,主语“the earth”是三单,用“goes”。
答案:B
解析:根据“By the time I arrived at the party”(当我到达派对的时候)可知,主句动作在从句动作之前完成,用过去完成时“had already left”。
答案:A
解析:根据“ever”(曾经)和回答“Yes, I went there last year”可知,问句用现在完成时,“have been to”表示“去过某地(已回来)”。
答案:C
解析:根据时间状语“next year”(明年)可知,句子用一般将来时“will build”。
答案:C
解析:根据“when my father came back from work”(当我爸爸下班回来的时候)可知,主句动作正在进行,用过去进行时“was doing”。
答案:B
解析:根据“for an hour when I called him”(当我打电话给他的时候,他已经在这儿一小时了)可知,“在这儿”的动作在“打电话”之前就开始了,用过去完成时“had been”。
二、填空题答案与解析
第一组
答案:gets; got
解析:第一空根据“usually”(通常)和“every morning”(每天早上)可知用一般现在时,主语“My brother”是三单,“get”变三单“gets”;第二空根据“yesterday”(昨天)可知用一般过去时,“get”的过去式是“got”。
答案:are dancing
解析:根据提示词“Look!”(看)和“now”(现在)可知,动作正在进行,用现在进行时,主语“The girls”是复数,be动词用“are”,“dance”的-ing形式是“dancing”。
答案:will be/is going to be
解析:根据时间状语“this evening”(今晚)可知,句子用一般将来时;“there be”句型的将来时为“there will be”或“there is going to be”。
答案:has lived
解析:根据时间状语“since he was born”(自从他出生以来)可知,句子用现在完成时,主语“He”是三单,用“has lived”。
答案:playing
解析:“see sb. doing sth.”表示“看见某人正在做某事”,根据“When I passed the park”(当我经过公园的时候)可知,动作正在进行,填“playing”。
答案:would visit/was going to visit
解析:主句“She said”(她说)是一般过去时,宾语从句需用过去将来时,表示“从过去看将要发生的动作”,可用“would visit”或“was going to visit”。
答案:had learned
解析:根据时间状语“By the end of last month”(到上个月月底为止)可知,句子用过去完成时,表示“在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作”,“learn”的过去分词是“learned”。
答案:haven't finished
解析:根据“yet”(还)可知,句子用现在完成时的否定形式,主语“They”是复数,用“haven't finished”。
答案:were watching
解析:根据时间状语“at 8 o'clock last night”(昨晚8点)可知,句子用过去进行时,主语“My parents”是复数,be动词用“were”,“watch”的-ing形式是“watching”。
答案:rains
解析:“if”引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,主语“it”是三单,“rain”变三单“rains”。
第二组
答案:likes; plays
解析:两空均根据“every afternoon after school”(每天下午放学后)可知用一般现在时,主语“Tom”是三单,“like”变三单“likes”,“play”变三单“plays”。
答案:were; doing; was reading
解析:根据时间状语“at this time yesterday”(昨天这个时候)可知,问句和答句均用过去进行时;问句主语“you”搭配“were doing”,答句主语“I”搭配“was reading”。
答案:went; had
解析:根据时间状语“last summer vacation”(去年暑假)可知,句子用一般过去时,“go”的过去式是“went”,“have”的过去式是“had”。
答案:haven't seen
解析:根据“for a long time”(很长一段时间了)可知,句子用现在完成时的否定形式,主语“We”是复数,用“haven't seen”。
答案:will take/is going to take
解析:根据时间状语“in 10 minutes”(10分钟后)可知,句子用一般将来时,“take off”表示“起飞”,可用“will take”或“is going to take”。
答案:was cooking
解析:根据“when I got home yesterday evening”(昨晚我到家的时候)可知,主句动作正在进行,用过去进行时,主语“My mother”是三单,be动词用“was”,“cook”的-ing形式是“cooking”。
答案:had finished
解析:主句“He told me”(他告诉我)是一般过去时,宾语从句中“finish”的动作在“came”(来)之前完成,用过去完成时“had finished”。
答案:have been
解析:根据时间状语“in the past few years”(在过去的几年里)可知,句子用现在完成时;“there be”句型的现在完成时为“there have been”(主语“changes”是复数)。
答案:Have; cleaned; cleaned
解析:第一空根据“yet”(还)可知用现在完成时,问句结构为“Have + 主语 + 过去分词”;第二空根据“an hour ago”(一小时前)可知用一般过去时,“clean”的过去式是“cleaned”。
答案:won't go/is not going to go
解析:根据时间状语“tomorrow”(明天)可知,句子用一般将来时的否定形式,可用“won't go”或“is not going to go”。
第三组
答案:rises; sets
解析:句子描述的是客观真理(太阳东升西落),用一般现在时;主语“The sun”是三单,“rise”变三单“rises”,“set”变三单“sets”。
答案:visited
解析:根据时间状语“When I was young”(当我年轻的时候)可知,句子用一般过去时,“visit”的过去式是“visited”。
答案:are building; will be
解析:第一空根据“now”(现在)可知用现在进行时,主语“They”是复数,be动词用“are”,“build”的-ing形式是“building”;第二空根据“next year”(明年)可知用一般将来时的被动语态“will be finished”(医院被完成)。
答案:had run
解析:根据“By the time the police arrived”(当警察到达的时候)可知,“run away”(逃跑)的动作在“arrived”之前完成,用过去完成时,“run”的过去分词是“run”。
答案:have learned
解析:根据时间状语“for 8 years”(8年了)可知,句子用现在完成时,主语“I”搭配“have learned”。
答案:Does; go; goes; went
解析:第一空根据“every day”(每天)可知用一般现在时的疑问句,主语“your father”是三单,助动词用“Does”,后面动词用原形“go”;第二空根据“usually”(通常)可知用一般现在时,“go”变三单“goes”;第三空根据“yesterday”(昨天)可知用一般过去时,“go”的过去式是“went”。
答案:was listening; was doing
解析:“while”引导的时间状语从句,强调两个动作同时进行,均用过去进行时;主语“my sister”是三单,用“was listening”,主语“I”用“was doing”。
答案:are planning; will be/is going to be
解析:第一空根据语境可知,“计划”的动作正在进行或表现在的计划,用现在进行时“are planning”;第二空“hope”后的宾语从句,根据“next Sunday”(下周日)可知用一般将来时,“will be”或“is going to be”。
答案:hasn't eaten; is
解析:第一空根据“yet”(还)可知用现在完成时的否定形式,主语“He”是三单,用“hasn't eaten”;第二空根据“now”(现在)可知用一般现在时,“be”动词用“is”。
答案:didn't know/wouldn't know
解析:主句“She said”(她说)是一般过去时,宾语从句需用相应的过去时态;“不知道答案”可表示过去的状态(didn't know)或过去的将来(wouldn't know),均符合语境。
三、改错题答案与解析
第一组
答案:get → gets
解析:根据“usually”(通常)可知用一般现在时,主语“He”是第三人称单数,实义动词需变三单形式。
答案:去掉on
解析:时间状语“next Sunday”(下周日)前不加介词on,类似的还有“last night”“tomorrow morning”等。
答案:have seen → saw
解析:“three days ago”(三天前)是一般过去时的时间状语,不能与现在完成时连用,需改为一般过去时“saw”。
答案:has → had
解析:“When I arrived at the station”(当我到达车站的时候)是一般过去时,“火车离开”的动作在“到达”之前完成,需用过去完成时“had left”。
答案:will → would
解析:主句“She said”(她说)是一般过去时,宾语从句需用过去将来时“would come”,表示“从过去看将要发生的动作”。
答案:play → are playing
解析:根据提示词“Look!”(看)可知,动作正在进行,需用现在完成时“are playing”。
答案:since → for
解析:“10 years”(10年)是时间段,需用“for”引导;“since”后接时间点或过去时句子,如“since 2014”“since he came here”。
答案:went → go
解析:一般过去时的否定形式是“didn't + 动词原形”,“didn't”后不能接过去式,需改为原形“go”。
答案:have → be
解析:“there be”句型的将来时为“there will be”或“there is going to be”,不能用“there will have”,属于语法错误。
答案:is → was
解析:“while”引导的时间状语从句,强调两个动作同时进行,主句用过去进行时,从句也需用过去进行时,“is”改为“was”。
第二组
答案:like → likes
解析:根据语境可知用一般现在时,主语“My brother”是第三人称单数,实义动词需变三单形式。
答案:have been → went
解析:“last year”(去年)是一般过去时的时间状语,不能与现在完成时连用,需改为一般过去时“went”。
答案:ring → rang
解析:主句“I was reading a book”(我正在看书)是过去进行时,“when”引导的从句动作突然发生,需用一般过去时,“ring”的过去式是“rang”。
答案:has → had
解析:主句“She told me”(她告诉我)是一般过去时,宾语从句中“finish”的动作在“told”之前完成,需用过去完成时“had finished”。
答案:去掉第二个will
解析:“if”引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时表将来,不能用一般将来时“will have”。
答案:have → be
解析:“there be”句型的将来时为“there is going to be”,不能用“there is going to have”,属于语法错误。
答案:learn → learned/learnt
解析:根据“for 6 years”(6年了)可知用现在完成时,结构为“have + 过去分词”,“learn”的过去分词是“learned”或“learnt”。
答案:played → were playing
解析:根据时间状语“at this time yesterday”(昨天这个时候)可知,动作正在进行,需用过去进行时“were playing”。
答案:cook → was cooking
解析:根据“when I got home yesterday”(昨天我到家的时候)可知,主句动作正在进行,需用过去进行时“was cooking”。
答案:have → had
解析:根据时间状语“By the end of last year”(到去年年底为止)可知,动作在过去某个时间之前完成,需用过去完成时“had learned”。
第三组
答案:go → goes
解析:句子描述的是客观真理(地球绕太阳转),用一般现在时;主语“The earth”是第三人称单数,实义动词需变三单形式。
答案:borrowed → kept
解析:“for two weeks”(两周了)是时间段,“borrow”是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,需换成延续性动词“kept”(keep的过去分词)。
答案:didn't see → haven't seen
解析:“since last month”(自从上个月以来)是现在完成时的时间状语,不能与一般过去时连用,需改为现在完成时的否定形式“haven't seen”。
答案:play → played
解析:根据“When I was a child”(当我年轻的时候)可知,句子用一般过去时,“play”的过去式是“played”。
答案:is → was
解析:主句“She said”(她说)是一般过去时,宾语从句需用过去将来时“was going to visit”,“is”改为“was”。
答案:fly → flying
解析:根据提示词“Look!”(看)可知,动作正在进行,用现在进行时,结构为“are + 动词-ing”,“fly”的-ing形式是“flying”。
答案:won't → doesn't
解析:“if”引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时表将来,否定形式为“doesn't rain”。
答案:since 2010 years ago → since 2010 或 for 14 years(根据当前年份调整)
解析:“since 2010”本身就是时间点,无需加“years ago”,属于重复错误;也可改为“for 14 years”(从2010年到现在的时间段)。
答案:come → came
解析:主句“While they were talking”(当他们正在说话的时候)是过去进行时,从句动作突然发生,需用一般过去时,“come”的过去式是“came”。
答案:drink → drinks
解析:根据“usually”(通常)可知用一般现在时,主语“He”是第三人称单数,实义动词需变三单形式“drinks”。
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