人教版新目标八年级上Unit3单元总结与练习

“记一记”短语过关
“背一背”课文佳句
重点词汇解读
1.
both
考查热度★★★★
【重点解读】
both意为“两者；两者都”，只能用来修饰两个人或事物。
both用作形容词，放在复数名词前做定语；
用作代词时，往往和of构成短语both
of；
用作副词时，往往置于be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。
【例句展示】
Both
sisters
are
outgoing
and
generous.
姐妹俩都外向又慷慨。
Both
of
the
teachers
are
teachers
and
writers.
这两个老师既是老师又是作家。
Millie
and
Grace
are
both
good
at
dancing.
米莉和格蕾丝两人都擅长跳舞。
【拓展延伸】
▼both直接修饰名词时，不加of。若是添加了of，则要在名词前加上适当的限定词。
Both
children
went
to
study
abroad
for
further
education.
Both
of
the
(my)
chil
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dren
went
to
study
abroad
for
further
education.
（我的）两个孩子都去国外继续深造了。
▼both放在人称代词前时，一定要用bot
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h of，不能说 both we或 both us，但可以说us both, them both等。
Both
of
us
went
to
the
movies
last
night.
昨晚我们两个去看电影了。
▼both与not连用，是部分否定，表示“两者不都…”，其否定形式是neither。
Both the doors are not open. 两扇门并不都开着。
如果要将上述例句改成全部否定，则就应写成：
Neither
door
is
open.
(=
Neither
of
the
doors
is
open.)
两扇门都没开。
▼both…and…是“两者都；又……又；不但……而且”的意思，在句中起连接作用，可以用来连接各种并列成分，甚至两个句子。
Both
Lucy
and
Lily
are
secretaries
of
big
companies.
露西和莉莉都是大公司的秘书。
【实战演练】
句型转换，每格一词。
1.
We
are
both
English
teachers.(改为同义句)
______
______
______
are
English
teachers.
2.
They
are
both
good
at
English.(改为否定句)
______
______
______
is
good
at
English.
3.
Millie
is
slim.
Grace
is
slim,
too.(将两句合并成一句)
______Millie______
Grace______
slim.
答案：1.
Both
of
us
2.
Neither
of
them
3.
Both
and
are
2.
loudly
考查热度★★★
【拓展】loud;
aloud;
loudly的用法辨析
loud
形容词
“响亮的”可作定语或表语；
Don’t
make
loud
noise,
please.
请不要大吵大闹。Facts
speak
louder
than
eloquence.
事实胜于雄辩。
副词
“高声地;
响亮地”，常与speak,
talk,
sing,
laugh等动词连用
aloud
副词
常与动词read连用，强调从不出声到出声，别人能听得见，但声音不一定很大,
没有比较级和最高级形式。
Don’t
read
aloud
in
the
library.
在图书馆里不要朗读。
loudly
副词
与loud同义，有时可与loud互换使用，但loudly通常指令人讨厌的声音，含有喧闹之意。
It’s
not
polite
to
shout
loudly
at
the
old.
冲老人大喊大叫是不礼貌的。
【实战演练】
用aloud，loud，loudly填空。
1.
In
the
school
library,
you
shouldn’t
read______.
2.
They
were
talking______
there
and
he
was
not
happy.
3.
Don’t
make______
noise
here.
Everyone
is
listening
to
the
teacher.
答案：1.
aloud
2.
loudly
3.
loud
3.
reach
考查热度★★★★
【重点解读】
reach
vi.(不及物动词)意为“伸手”；
vt.(及物动词),意为“到达；抵达”，后接地点名词或副词。
【例句展示】
The
3-year-ol
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
boy
wants
to
reach
for
the
toy
on
the
desk.
3岁男孩想伸手去拿桌子上的玩具。
My
uncle
reached
the
train
station
a
moment
ago.
我叔叔一会儿前到达火车站的。
【拓展延伸】
▼arrive是不及物动词，后接名词时要加介词in（大地点）或at（小地点）。
▼get必须和to一起构成get
to来表达“到达”之意。
▼三者之间可以这样互换：reach＋地点名词＝arrive
in/
at＋地点名词＝get
to＋地点名词。
How
can
I
reach/
ge
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
to/
arrive
at
the
nearest
post
office
我怎样才能到达最近的邮局呢？
▼若是用副词来表达地点时，get
to和arrive
in/
at后面的介词都必须省去。
Please
reach/
arrive/
get
home
as
early
as
you
can.
请尽可能早点到家。
【实战演练】
根据句意和汉语提示，填写适当的单词。
1.
Please
tell
me
as
soon
as
Mr.
Chen______(到达).
arrives
2.
Mrs.
Chen
always______(到达)
school
early
every
day.
reaches
3.
Who______(到达)to
the
teaching
building
this
morning
got
4.
win
考查热度★★★★
【重点解读】
win
v.意为“获胜；赢；赢得
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”，其过去式和过去分词都是won，名词是winner（获胜者；赢家）。win用作及物动词时，其宾语往往是比赛、奖品、奖学金、名誉、财产、战争或运动等。
eg:
Who
won
the
first
prize
in
the
singing
competition
yesterday
谁在昨天的唱歌比赛中获得一等奖？
【拓展延伸】
beat用作及物动词，意为“打败；
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )战胜”，其过去式和过去分词分别为beat和beaten。beat后面必须接比赛、竞争中的对手或战争中的敌人来做宾语。
I’m
sure
to
beat
you
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
the
coming
exam
this
time.
这次在要举行的考试中，我一定能打败你。
【实战演练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.
你能告诉我谁赢了昨天的足球赛？
Can
you
tell
me
who
yesterday
2.
上学期在足球赛中我们学校赢了他们学校。
Last
term
our
school
at
football.
答案：1.
won
the
football
match
2.
beat
their
school
重点句型剖析
1.
That’s
Tara,
isn’t
it
那是塔拉，对吗？
考查热度★★★★
【名师点睛】
▼这是一个反意疑问句，也称附加疑问句，是用来表示提问人对自己的想法没有把握，需要对方来加以证实。
⑴
反意疑问句由两部分组成
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：陈述句+简短的疑问句。简短的疑问句部分由谓语（和前面陈述句的谓语保持一致）+主语（必须是人称代词的主格），两部分的人称、时态和数要保持一致。
⑵
反意疑问句的结构有两种：前肯后否和前否后肯。
【温馨提示】
当陈述部分有never，seldom，hardly，few，little，nothing等否定意义的词时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式；
※
当陈述部分含有un-
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词，如unhappy，dislike，unfriendly等时，当做肯定句处理，疑问部分要用否定形式。
※
反意疑问句的回答用yes或no，和
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一般疑问句的回答一样，只需按照实际情况回答即可。但是遇到前否后肯的结构时，其回答用Yes表示“不”，用No表示“是”。
—He
doesn’t
love
her,
does
he —他不爱她，是吗？
—No,
he
doesn’t.
—是的，他不爱她。
【友情提醒】
（1）当陈述句部分的主语是everything，anything，nothing，something时，反意疑问句中主语须用it。
（2）当陈述句部分的主语是this，that或those，these时，反意疑问句中主语用it和they。　　
（3）当陈述句部分的主语是everyone，everybody，someone，somebody等，反意疑问句中主语一般用he/they。
（4）当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达，分三种情况：
①一般情况下用will
you
或
won’t
you。
②以Let’s开头的祈使句，疑问句用shall
we；以Let
us或Let
me开头的祈使句，问句用will
you。
③当陈述句是否定的祈使句时，一般用will
you。
【例句展示】
Lin
Tao
has
been
to
the
Great
Wall
before,
hasn’t
he
林涛以前去过长城，对吗？
There
are
few
stude
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts
in
the
classroom
now,
are
there
现在教室里没什么学生，对吗？
单元语法聚焦之
“形容词和副词的比较级”
1.【定义】形容词和副词的比较级
▼形容词和副词有三级——原级、比较级和最高级。
▼形容词和副词的比较级变化有两种：规则变化和不规则变化。
A.规则变化
类别
构成
例词
单音节词和少数双音节词
一般在词尾加 er
strong
—
stronger
以不发音e结尾的，在词后直接加 r
large
—
larger
以辅音字母y结尾的，变y为i，再加 er
happy
—
happier
重读闭音节且只有一个辅音字母结尾的，先双写辅音字母，再加 er
red
—
redderhot
—
hotter
多音节词和少数双音节词
在词前加more
beautiful
—
more
beautiful
形容词后加ly构成的副词
carefully
—
more
carefully
B.不规则变化
原
级
比
较
级
good
/
well
better
bad
/
ill
worse
many
/
much
more
little
less
far
farther（表示距离，译为“更远”）further（表示程度，译为“进一步的”）
old
older（新旧或年龄）elder(兄弟姐妹的长幼关系)
▼形容词和副词的比较级的常见用法：
①
在表示两者之间的一般比较时，常用than连接，than表示“比.....”
eg：Mary
is
happier
than
Jane.
玛丽比珍妮幸福。
Tom
is
younger
than
Jim.
汤姆比吉姆小。
②
形容词的比较级可以单独使用：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
eg：Be
more
careful
next
time.
下次小心点。

Which
book
is
better
哪本书更好？
③
比较级之前加much/
far/a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lot（表示“……得多”），a
bit/
a
little（表示“……一点儿”），even（表示“更……”）,
three
times
…（三倍、……），等词修饰，用以加强语气。
eg：Japan
is
a
little
larger
than
Germany.
(日本比德国大一点儿。)
This
book
is
far
more
interesting
than
that
one.
(这本书比那一本有趣多了。)
He
looks
much
taller
than
before.
他看上去比以前高多了。
④
比较级常用the的常见情况：
◆当表示两者比较并具有特指关系，且用of连接时，比较级前要用the.
eg：Tom
is
the
younger
of
the
two
boys.
（汤姆是那两个男孩中年纪较小的那个。）
◆当指两件不同的事情之间有一定的内在联系，常用句型“The＋比较级＋句子，the＋比较级＋句子”表示“越……，越……”。
eg：The
harder
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )study,
the
better
you
will
be
at
English.
（你学习越努力，你的英语将越好。）
The
higher
you
stand,
the
farther
you
will
see.
站得高看得远。
◆表示同一人或物“越来越.......”常用“比较级+and
+比较级”或“more
and
more+原级”
eg：It
gets
colder
and
colder.
（天气越来越冷。）
The
earth
is
getting
warmer
and
warmer.
The
flowers
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
garden
are
more
and
more
beautiful.（花园里的花越来越漂亮。）
◆表示程度相同的比较常用“as+原级+as”,
译为“与......一样/相同”
eg：He
is
as
old
as
I.
(他和我一样大。）
Her
skin
is
as
white
as
snow.
(她的皮肤和雪一样白。)
Tom
is
as
honest
as
Jack.
(汤姆和杰克一样成熟。)
◆表示程度不相同的比较常用“not
as/so+原级+as”译为“与......不一样/不同”
eg：This
book
is
not
as(so)interesting
as
that
one.（这本书不是和那本书一样有趣。）
⑤“比较级＋than
any
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )other＋单数名词或比较级＋than
the
other复数名词”表示“比其他的任何……都……”。切记：主语需在介词短语所表示的范围之内。
eg：Eric
is
taller
than
any
other
boy
in
his
class.
=
Eric
is
taller
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an
the
other
boys
in
his
class.
艾瑞克在他班里比其他任何一个男孩都高。
如果主语不在介词短语所表示的范围内时，则不用other。
Shanghai
is
larger
than
any
city
in
Japan.
上海比日本的任何一个城市都大。
⑥
原级和比较级的转换
English
is
not
as
hard
as
Chinese.
英语没有语文难。
=
English
is
easier
than
Chinese.
英语比语文容易。
=
Chinese
is
harder
than
English.
语文比英语难。
语法专题课堂操练
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级。
fast
________
quick
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________
quickly
________
difficult
________
badly
________
well
________
hard-working
________
wet
________
hungry________
enjoyable________
serious________
clearly________
答案：faster,
quicker,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
more
quickly,
more
difficult,
worse,
better,
more
hard-working,
wetter,
hungrier,
more
enjoyable,
more
serious,
more
clearly
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1.
I
tried
to
write
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______
(care)
than
Jim
this
time.
more
carefully
2.
The
street
looks
mu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch
_______
(clean)
these
days.
cleaner
3.
The
watch
is
_______
(cheap)
than
that
one.
cheaper
4.
This
problem
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )difficult,
but
that
one
is_______
(difficult)
than
this
one.
more
difficult
5.
There
are_______
(many)
magazines
in
our
school
than
in
theirs.
more
6.
She
thinks
His
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tory
is
not
so_______
(interesting)
as
Geography.
interesting
7.
Andy
is_______
(strong)
than
any
other
student
in
his
class.
stronger
8.
The
more
you
eat
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
the
_______
(fat)
you
will
be.
fatter
9.
Jack
does__
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____
(bad)
in
Chinese
than
Nancy
does.
worse
10.
Which
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______
(popular),
English
or
French
more
popular
三、单选选择。
(
)1.
Mr.
Li
is
_______
of
the
two.
A.
tall
B.
taller
C.
the
taller
D.
more
tall
(
)2.
Which
do
you
like
_______
Jim,
coffee
or
milk
A.
good
B.
well
C.
better
D.
best
(
)3.
—Dick,
is
Nick
your
twin
brother
—Yes,
and
I’m
thirty
minutes_______
than
him.
A.
fatter
B.
taller
C.
heavier
D.
older
(
)4.
China
is
larger
than
in
Asia.
A.
any
country
B.
the
other
country
C.
any
other
country
D.
another
country
(
)5.
Jack
doesn’t
run
Simon
A.
as
quick
as
B.
so
quick
as
C.
as
more
quickly
as
D.
so
quickly
as
单元主题写作广角
主题剖析：
本单元以“人物个性特征”为话题，向我们展示了
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如何谈论人物特征，如何运用比较级来对人物进行比较，具体到书面表达中，要求同学们会根据所学内容来描写人物之间的相同点和不同点。
经典示例：
1.
《同步学习周报》正在联
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )袂阳光中学举行“我的闺蜜我来谈”活动。请你根据下表中提供的信息,
写一篇短文介绍你和你最好的朋友Nancy的相同之处和不同之处。
要求：1、包括信息中提及的所有内容，语句通顺，条理清楚。
2、字数80个词左右（开头已经给出，不计入总词数）,
可适当加以发挥。
人物
不同点
相同点
Nancy
1、比我高得多,
更外向2、更擅长唱歌、跳舞`3、喜欢去听音乐会
1、喜欢运动2、学习努力,
各门功课都学得好3、喜欢阅读,
通常在周末一起去图书馆
I
1、喜欢上网2、喜欢旅游
对朋友之间的异同点的看法：……（至少两点）
Nancy
is
my
best
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
friend.
In
some
ways,
we
are
the
same.
范文示例
Nancy
is
my
best
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )friend.
In
some
ways,
we
are
the
same.
Both
of
us
like
sports.
We
are
both
hard-working
and
good
at
our
subjects.
We
both
like
reading,
and
we
usually
go
to
the
library
together
on
weekends.
But
in
some
ways
we
are
different.
She
is
taller
and
more
outgoing
than
me.
She
is
better
at
singing
and
dancing.
She
likes
going
to
the
concert.
For
me,
I
like
surfing
the
Internet.
And
I
love
traveling.
In
fact,
I
don’t
really
care
if
my
friends
are
the
same
as
me
or
different
from
me.
I
think
my
best
friend
helps
me
brings
out
the
best
in
me.
写作实践：
假如你是王兵，请根据表格中提供的信息，写一篇短文假设介绍一下你和你好朋友的情况要求：内容完整，语句通顺连贯，词数80左右。
相同点
不同点
Tom
Wang
Bin
第3中
15岁
14岁
八（二）班
擅长数学
擅长英语
喜欢帮助别人
篮球
足球
努力学习
绿色
红色
范文摘抄：
I’m
Wang
Bin,
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )student
of
No.3
middle
school.
I
have
a
new
friend.
He’s
an
American
boy.
We
are
both
in
the
same
class.
He
is
15
years
old,
one
year
older
than
me.
We
both
study
hard.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
I’m
good
at
English,
but
he
is
good
at
math.
We
often
help
each
other
with
our
lessons.
Also,
both
of
us
like
helping
others.
We
both
like
spor
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts
very
much.
Tom
enjoys
playing
basketball.
But
I
am
different.
I
like
playing
soccer.
He
likes
green
but
I
like
red.
Though
we
are
different
in
many
ways.
We
are
the
best
friends.
基础知识过关训练
Ⅰ.单项选择。
(
)
1.
I
don’t
r
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eally
care
if
my
friends
are
the
same______
me
or
different______
me.
A.
as;
as
B.
from;
from
C.
as;
from
D.
from;
as
(
)2.
I
think
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Internet
is
really
useful.
We
can
get
lots
of______
from
it.
A.
thing　　
B.
message　　
C.
idea　　
D.
information
(
)3.
Can
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
you
finish
the
work
well
with______
money
and______
people
A.
less;
less
B.
less;
more
C.
more;
fewer
D.
less;
fewer
(
)4.
______you
don’t
give
up,
your
dreams
will
come
true.
A.
As
long
as
B.
As
soon
as
C.
As
well
as
D.
As
often
as
(
)5.
—Are
you
relaxing
yourself
here
—Yes.
It
is______
to
walk
slowly
along
the
river.
A.
fantastic
B.
boring
C.
bad
D.
terrible
(
)6.
My
frien
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
likes
singing
and
talking
with
others.
But
I
often
stay
at
home
to
watch
TV.
So
my
friend
is______
than
me.
A.
quieter
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
more
serious
C.
more
outgoing
D.
more
beautiful
(
)7.
It was very hot yesterday, but it is______
today.
A.
even hotter
B. more hotter
C. much more hot
D. much hot
(
)8.
This book is______
that one, but______
than that one.
A.
as difficult a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s; expensive
B.
as more difficult as; more expensive
C.
as difficult
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as; more expensive
D.
more difficult as; as expensive
(
)9.
—Mom,
I
would
like
an
iPhone
6s.
—Why
You
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can
buy
a
Xiaomi.
It
costs
________an
iPhone
6s,
but
work
well,
too.
A.
less
than
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
B.
as
much
as
C.
more
than
D.
less
expensive
than
(
)10.
—What’s
your
father
like
—
______.
A.
He
likes
watching
TV
B.
He’d
like
to
go
shopping
with
me
C.
He
looks
different
D.
He
is
kind
and
honest
II.
在横线上填上适当的单词，使得上下两句意思相同或相近,每空一词。
1.
Li
Lei
is
60
kilograms.
Li
Hua
is
65
kilograms.
Li
Hua
is
______
______
______
Li
Lei.
as|
heavy
|as
2.
He
likes
mutton
and
she
likes
mutton,
too.
______
he______
she______
mutton.
Both|
and
|like
3.
Huang
Lei
isn’t
good
at
tennis
as
Larry.
Larry______
ten
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nis
______
______
Huang
Lei.
plays
|
better
|
than
4.
The
boy
is
not
as
tall
as
his
father.
The
boy
is
______
______
his
father.
shorter
|
than
5.
My
friend’s
hobby
is
not
the
same
as
mine.
My
hobby
______
______
______
mine.
is
|
different
|
from
III.
用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成短文。
walk,
hold, hard, strong ,
bright,
make, with, try, soon ,
see
The
sun
says
he
is
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
stronger
than
the
wind.
The
wind
says
he
is
stronger
than
the
sun.
A
man
is
(1)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
down
the
street
(2)
a
hat
and
coat
on.
The
sun
says,
“Let’s
(3)
who
can
(4)
the
man
take
off
his
hat
and
coat.
If
you
can
do
that,
you
are
(5)
than
me.”
Now
the
wind
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
begins
to
blow.
But
the
(6)
he
blows, the
tighter(更紧地)
the
man
(7)_____
his
hat
and
coat.
The
wind
can’t
make
the
man
take
off
his
hat
and
coat.
Now
the
sun
(8)
.
He
shines brightly.
(9)
the
man
takes
off
his
hat.
Then
the
sun
shines
(10)
,
and
the
man
takes
off
his
coat.
So
the
wind
says,
“That’s
all.
You
are
stronger
than
me.”
（1）walking（2）with（3）see（4）make（5）stronger
（6）harder（7）holds（8）tries（9）Soon（10）more
brightly
A
true
friend
reaches
for
your
hand
and
touches
your
heart.
一个真正的朋友在需要时给你帮助，使你感动。
2.
A
good
friend
is
like
a
mirror.
好朋友就像一面镜子。
3.
Friends
are
like
books——you
don’t
need
a
lot
of
them
as
long
as
they’re
good.
朋友如书——不在多而贵在好。
4.
My
best
friend
helps
to
bring
out
the
best
in
me.
我最好的朋友总能帮我激发出我身上最优秀的品质。
5.
A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.
患难见真情。
6.
I
know
she
cares
about
me
because
she’s
always
there
to
listen.
我知道她关心我，因为她随时都能听我倾诉。
PAGE