英语 选择性必修 第二册 WY
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar (it作形式主语)
①It's impossible for this country to recover in a short time over this financial crisis.
②It is no use talking to them.
③It is said that he stole the money.
(1)在①句中it用作形式主语，是“It is＋形容词＋(for sb)动词不定式(短语)”结构，it指代______________________。
(2)句②是“It is＋no use＋动名词(短语)”结构，it指代______________。
(3)句③是“It is＋过去分词＋that从句”结构，it指代________。
答案：(1)动词不定式(短语) (2)动名词(短语) (3)that从句
it常代替由不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句表示的真正主语，作形式主语，真正的主语在句子末尾出现。
一、不定式(短语)作真正的主语
1．It＋is/was＋形容词＋不定式(短语)
常用于此句型的形容词有：obvious, possible, strange, natural, important, difficult, necessary等。
It is impossible to get there by boat.
坐船不可能到那里。
It's very kind of you to help me.
你能帮助我真好。
It was nice to see Steve again.
很高兴又见到了史蒂夫。
名师点津 for/of：引出不定式的逻辑主语。形容词表示人的品质、特征时，介词用of；形容词描述不定式动作的属性和特征时，介词用for。
单句语法填空
①It was very foolish ________ the boy to swim in the river alone.
②It's necessary ________ you to know about the Yangtze River, one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.
③It's clever ________ you to work out the maths problem.
答案：①of ②for ③of
2．It＋is/was＋名词词组＋不定式(短语)
常用于此句型的名词词组有：a duty, a pity, a fact, a wonder, a shame, an honour, no wonder等。
It was her duty to clean the room.
打扫房间是她的职责。
3．It＋is/was＋介词短语＋不定式(短语)
It was against my principle to do that.
那样做违反了我的原则。
4．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋不定式(短语)
It cost me 300 yuan to buy this dress.
买这条裙子花了我300元。
单句表达
①我急需提高我的英语口语，因此对我来说找到一个可以与之学习的当地人真是太好了。
I badly need to improve my oral English, so ______________ for me ____________ a native speaker to learn from.
②瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
It is ________________ at people.
③此事由您来处理。
It ____________________ handle this matter.
④建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
It ________ them a year ______________ the bridge.
答案：①it is great; to find ②bad manners to stare ③is up to you to ④took; to build
二、动名词(短语)作真正的主语
1．It＋is/was＋no＋名词/名词短语＋动名词(短语)
常见表达：It's no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time doing sth做某事没有用/没有好处/没有乐趣/没有用/浪费时间。
It is no use giving him some advice.
＝It is useless giving him some advice.
给他提建议没用。
2．It＋is/was＋形容词＋动名词(短语)
It is pleasant sitting here.
坐这里很高兴。
单句表达
①那样做真是浪费时间。
It is ________________ doing that.
②试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。
____________________ to solve the problem by force; peace talks are the only solution.
答案：①a waste of time ②It is useless/no use trying
三、从句作真正的主语
1．It＋is/was＋形容词(如：strange/natural/surprising/obvious/true/fortunate/wonderful/funny/possible/impossible/likely/unlikely/clear/unusual/certain/important ...)＋从句
It's natural that she knows everything about it.
她了解关于这个的一切是很自然的。
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她能否来还很难说。
2．It＋is/was＋名词/名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, a shame, an honour, no wonder ...)＋that从句
It's a shame that we failed to fulfill the task ahead of time.
我们没能提前完成任务，真感到惭愧。
It's a pity that you didn't come yesterday.
很遗憾你昨天没来。
3．It＋be/其他系动词/不及物动词(seem, occur, happen ...)＋that从句
It occurred to me that I had left my ticket at home.
我突然想起把票落在家里了。
名师点津 注意以下固定句型 It seems(ed)/appears(ed) that ... 似乎…… It (so) happens(ed) that ... 碰巧…… It turns(ed) out that ... 结果是…… It occurs/occurred to sb that ... 某人突然想起…… It so happened that the tickets were sold out. 碰巧票都卖光了。 It turned out that he was right. 结果证明他是对的。 It seems that his idea is more practical. 看起来他的意见更实际一些。 It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem. 我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题了。
4．It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/announced/decided/expected/hoped/known/believed ...)＋that从句
It is said that a new shopping mall is being built in the city at present.
据说该市目前正在建造一家新商场。
名师点津 要在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed/requested ... that ... 的主语从句中用虚拟语气：(should)＋动词原形。 It is requested that he (should) give a performance at the party. 有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。
(1)单句语法填空
①It is suggested that we ________ (get) everything ready by tonight.
②It is ordered that the radio ________ (send) there at once.
答案：①(should) get ②(should) be sent
(2)单句表达
①结果表明情况很严峻。
________________ the situation is quite serious.
②的确，智能手机在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。
____________________ a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.
③据说台风已造成了很多的破坏。
______________________ the typhoon had caused a lot of damage.
④她突然想到她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。
________________________ she might adopt a homeless child.
答案：①It turns out that ②It is true that ③It was said that ④It occurred to her that
Vocabulary
1 minority n. 少数派；少数(教材P54)
归纳拓展
①Only a minority of the class voted for the plan.
班里只有少数学生投票赞成这项计划。
②A clear majority of voters were in favour of this election.
绝大多数选民赞成这次选举。
③It is reported that women are in the minority/majority at the meeting.
据报道，在这次会议上女性占少数/多数。
名师点津 (1)minority单独用作主语时，谓语用单数或复数均可，但若其后的表语是复数，则谓语通常也要用复数。 (2)“the minority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the minority of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
单句语法填空
①The ________ (major) of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
②The minority of us ________ (be) faced with difficulty in the frontier of the major.
③Look at the names of the ________ (minor) groups on the right.
答案：①majority ②are ③minority
2 cast v. 选派(角色)(教材P54)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie.
他选定她在他最近的一部影片里扮演一名雄心勃勃的律师。
②Here are the research findings that cast new light on the origin of our universe.
这就是对宇宙起源有新认识的研究发现。
③The boy cast a surprised look at our arrival.
对我们的到来，男孩表现得很吃惊。
单句表达
①这个不幸的消息让我们沮丧。
The bad news ____________________．
②她父亲的病给她的婚礼投下了阴影。
Her father's illness ________________________ her wedding ceremony.
答案：①cast us down ②cast a shadow over/on
3 rewarding adj. 值得做的，有意义的(教材P56)
归纳拓展
①When asked for the views about his job, Phillip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
当被问到对他工作的看法的时候，菲利普说它既有趣又有意义。
②He gave a reward of $100 to the boy for bringing back the lost dog.
他奖励小男孩100美元，因为他送回了丢失的狗。
③She wanted to reward the cleaners with ￡1，000 for their efforts.
她想对清洁工所作出的努力奖赏1，000英镑。
易混辨析：reward/award/prize
reward “报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。
award 指正式的或官方的“奖项，奖金”；也可以指法庭裁决给予。
prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
(1)选词填空(reward/award/prize)
①The film won an Oscar ________ for 1985.
②The fireman received a ________ for saving the child's life.
③Hundreds of ________ can be won in our newspaper competition.
答案：①Award ②reward ③prizes
(2)单句表达
①作为报答，当他陷入困境时，我帮了他一把。
______________， I lent him a hand when he was in trouble.
②她因自己所作的努力而得到一笔现金奖。
She was ____________________ with a cash bonus.
答案：①In reward ②rewarded for her efforts
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Multi party elections are scheduled for sometime next year but many doubt that this is a ________ (能够实现的) goal.
答案：realistic
2．Their ________ (融洽的) relationship resulted in their similar goals.
答案：harmonious
3．Local authority nursery provision covers only a tiny ________ (少数) of working mothers.
答案：minority
4．In the film she was c________ as a hardworking upright middle aged woman.
答案：cast
5．Life for the successful doctor can be emotionally and financially r________．
答案：rewarding
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We stand ready to work with the other countries to ________ (joint) tackle global challenges.
答案：jointly
2．From the teacher's patient explanation, I have learnt what a big responsibility ________ is to educate us.
答案：it
3．It is ________ (know) to us that he is one of the most famous football players in the world.
答案：known
4．It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
答案：that
5．________ felt funny watching myself on TV.
答案：It
6．It's a waste of time ________ (warn) him—he is a stubborn person.
答案：warning
7．It's no use ________ (cry) over spilt milk.
答案：crying
8．He cast himself ________ the innocent victim of a hate campaign.
答案：as
9．She ________ (reward) for her 40 years' faithful service with the company.
答案：was rewarded
10．It is kind ________ you to invite me to the party.
答案：of
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．遵守规则让社会保持秩序、人民生活安定是每个人的责任。
________________________________ to obey the rules to keep the society in order and people's lives safe.
答案：It is everyone's responsibility
2．显而易见，iPad对我们的学习有很大帮助，尤其是对我们的英语听力。
__________________ iPad is of great help to our study, especially to our English listening.
答案：It is obvious that
3．他们两个很快发现对音乐有着共同的兴趣。
They two soon discovered __________________ in music.
答案：a mutual interest
4．企图使这两个国家保持和平是没有用的。
__________________________ make peace between the two countries.
答案：It is no use seeking to
5．但是等待考试结果非常有压力。
But ____________________________ for exam results.
答案：it's very stressful to wait
6．即使是在20世纪60年代，政治上活跃的学生和高校教师也是占少数。
Even in the 1960s, politically active students and academics ________________．
答案：were in a minority
7．保护好环境对我们来说很重要。
It is very __________________________ the environment well.
答案：important for us to protect
8．在发展科学技术方面，我们要共同努力。
We should ____________________________ science and technology.
答案：make joint efforts to develop
9．文化冲击是每一个海外留学人员都可能经历的普遍现象。
__________________ is one of the common experiences by students abroad.
答案：Culture shock
10．我认为人类需要与动物和平相处。
I believe people should try to live ______________________ the animals.
答案：in harmony with
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms (节气). Cold Dew (寒露), the 17th solar term of the year, begins around Oct. 7 to 9 each year. At this time, the dew is greater and colder and there will be less rain. Autumn crops will be ripe. Here are three things you should know about Cold Dew.
Foggy autumn
Temperatures drop significantly in October. When the cold air encounters autumn rain, the abundant water vapor in the air soon reaches saturation (饱和状态), and then it turns into fog. When the humidity is high, there will be foggy regions formed in many areas of China.
Season for fishing
People always say that fishing in shallow water in autumn makes sense. That's because during the Cold Dew period, temperatures decrease quickly and sunshine doesn't reach deep water thoroughly. Fish swim to shallow water areas where the water temperature is relatively high.
Season for drinking chrysanthemum (菊花) wine
Chrysanthemum is the iconic flower of Cold Dew. To prevent autumn dryness, many regions in China have the custom of drinking chrysanthemum wine. This is a tradition of the Double Ninth Festival, which often falls around Cold Dew. According to ancient records, drinking wine made with chrysanthemums, poria cocos mushroom and pine oleoresin grants (给予) people long lasting youth.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在寒露时节(二十四节气之一)人们应该知道的三件事。
1．What is NOT the characteristic of Cold Dew
A．Wet weather. B．Low temperatures.
C．Foggy conditions. D．Fully grown crops.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At this time ... will be ripe.(这个时候，露水较多、寒气较重，雨水较少。秋季作物将成熟。)”和Foggy autumn部分中的“When the humidity is high ... in many areas of China.(当湿度大时，中国许多地区会形成雾区。)”可知，寒露时节温度下降，雨水减少，多雾，庄稼将成熟，因此潮湿的天气不是其特征。故选A。
2．Why is Cold Dew a time for fishing
A．Because fish become mature in autumn.
B．Because fish move slowly in cold water.
C．Because fish eat more in low temperatures.
D．Because fish tend to gather in warm areas.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Season for fishing部分中的“That's because ... relatively high.(这是因为在寒露时节，温度迅速下降，阳光不能完全照射到深水区。鱼儿就会游到水温相对较高的浅水区。)”可知，寒露时节鱼儿会聚集在阳光能够照射到的温暖的浅水区，因此适合钓鱼。故选D。
3．Which is the function of drinking chrysanthemum wine
A．Celebrating Cold Dew.
B．Relieving people from autumn dryness.
C．Ensuring people a stronger build.
D．Keeping people warm in low temperatures.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Season for drinking chrysanthemum (菊花) wine部分中的“To prevent autumn dryness ... drinking chrysanthemum wine.(为了预防秋燥，中国许多地区都有喝菊花酒的习俗。)”可知，寒露时节喝菊花酒是为了预防秋燥。故选B。
B
A small supermarket is decorated with a lot of red lanterns. There are piles of red envelopes on sale, for filling with cash and handing out as gifts. Such festive trappings can be seen everywhere in China in the build up to the Lunar New Year. But this is Yangon, the former capital of Myanmar, where Han Chinese are a mere 2.5% of the country's population. They are a sign that Chinese New Year is becoming a global holiday.
Several countries in Asia celebrate the Lunar New Year in their own way. But dragon and lion dances in Chinatowns over the world have helped make China's the most famous. In Tokyo, window cleaners dress up as the animals of the Chinese zodiac (生肖). America, Canada and New Zealand have issued commemorative stamps for the Year of the Rooster. New York City made the Lunar New Year a school holiday.
The spread of the Spring Festival, as China calls it, is partly due to recent emigration (移民) from China: 9.5 million Chinese people have moved abroad since 1978, many of whom are far richer than earlier waves of migrants. It also reflects the wealth and ambitions of China's new middle class: festivities in other countries are partly aimed at the 6 million Chinese who are expected to spend their week long holiday abroad.
It's hoped that the festival will promote China's cultural “soft power” abroad. So related events are welcomed, such as a display of martial arts in Cyprus and a traditional Chinese temple fair in Harare, Zimbabwe. More and more Chinese are glad to see foreigners enjoy such festivities. Though there is a growing enthusiasm among Chinese for Western celebrations such as Christmas, Chinese New Year is a welcome chance to reverse (逆转) the cultural flow.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国春节如何日益成为一个全球性的节日。
4．Why is the scene in a supermarket shown in the first paragraph
A．To stress the importance of the Spring Festival.
B．To explain why the Lunar New Year is popular.
C．To present the popularity of Chinese New Year.
D．To show how other countries celebrate the Spring Festival.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。第一段最后一句“They are a sign that Chinese New Year is becoming a global holiday.”点出文章主题，即春节逐渐成为一个全球性的节日。由此可推知，第一段中超市场景的描写是为了突出中国新年被庆祝的广泛程度。故选C。
5．What are the best known celebration activities for the Lunar New Year in Chinatowns
A．Dragon and lion dances.
B．Eating dumplings and singing and dancing.
C．Dressing up as animals and dancing.
D．Playing cards and letting off fireworks.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But dragon and lion dances in Chinatowns over the world have helped make China's the most famous.”可知，在唐人街，最广为人知的庆祝农历新年的活动是舞龙和舞狮。故选A。
6．What is some countries' purpose of celebrating the Spring Festival
A．To reflect on their own cultures.
B．To show respect to the Chinese traditions.
C．To promote the values of Chinese customs.
D．To attract Chinese to spend the holiday there.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“festivities in other countries are partly aimed at the 6 million Chinese who are expected to spend their week long holiday abroad”可知，其他国家的节日活动部分是针对预计将在海外度过一周长假的600万中国人。因此一些国家庆祝中国春节是为了吸引那些打算去国外度假的中国人。故选D。
7．What's the best title for the text
A．Celebrating Chinese Festivals Becomes a Trend
B．Welcoming China's Cultural “Soft Power”
C．China's Biggest Festival Is Going Global
D．Foreigners' Love of China's Festivals
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国春节日益成为一个全球性的节日， C项(中国最大的节日将走向全球)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
Acupuncture (针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the solution for countless patients for thousands of years. __1__ Over time, this natural practice gradually developed into a thorough and deep medical system, forming the basis of acupuncture.
Acupuncture is a way to help the body recover itself by using thin needles in certain parts of the body. __2__ Its medical ideas match traditional Chinese medicine's philosophical beliefs. These beliefs focus on treating the whole person, keeping bodily functions balanced, and promoting good health.
__3__ They include needle insertion (针刺), cupping and scraping (刮痧). Needle insertion, the most common method, is carried out by inserting hair thin needles into specific points on the body that channel vital energy (the qi). Practitioners use thin needles to help the body's energy flow better, fix the balance between yin and yang, and make the body work better on its own. They gently move the needles around in different ways to do this.
Acupuncture offers a way to treat the whole person. In addition to its physical benefits, acupuncture also provides emotional and psychological support. __4__ The process of receiving acupuncture involves relaxation and meditation, which can further improve its therapeutic (治疗的) effects.
__5__ Over the years, acupuncture has seen many improvements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now widely accepted as a mainstream treatment option for various health conditions. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries.
A．Practices can vary in forms.
B．Acupuncture is used worldwide.
C．Acupuncture is a powerful and effective form of therapy.
D．Acupuncture does work and many people have been cured by it.
E．At the beginning, ancient Chinese used stone tools to help with pain.
F．Many people find it helpful in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression.
G．It helps the body work better and improves its natural ability to recover.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针灸的起源与发展、医学原理、常见形式、疗效和目前的接受情况。
1．答案：E
解析：后文“Over time ... the basis of acupuncture.(随着时间的推移，这种自然疗法逐渐发展成为一个全面而深入的医疗体系，形成了针灸的基础。)”描述了针灸的发展情况。E项(一开始，中国古人用石器来止痛。)引出后文，介绍针灸的起源，其中的At the beginning和后文的Over time呼应，后文中的“this natural practice”指的是E项中提到的古人用石器止痛的疗法。故选E。
2．答案：G
解析：前文“Acupuncture is a way ... the body.(针灸是一种通过在身体的某些部位使用细针来帮助身体自我恢复的方法。)”介绍了针灸的原理。G项(它可以帮助身体更好地工作，提高身体的自然恢复能力。)承接前文，说明针灸的作用。故选G。
3．答案：A
解析：根据后文“They include needle insertion (针刺), cupping and scraping (刮痧)．(它们包括针刺、拔火罐和刮痧。)”可知，A项(疗法可以有多种形式。)引出后文，符合语境。故选A。
4．答案：F
解析：前文“In addition to ... psychological support.(除了身体上的好处，针灸还提供情感和心理上的支持。)”说明针灸具有治疗身心的双重作用。F项(许多人发现它有助于减轻压力、焦虑和抑郁。)承接前文，介绍针灸对于心理问题的疗效，符合语境。故选F。
5．答案：B
解析：设空处是段落主旨句。根据后文可知，本段主要介绍针灸在进步，甚至逐渐被国外接受。B项(针灸在世界范围内使用。)引出后文，符合语境。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
FUJIAN cuisine originated from southeast China's Fujian Province and gradually absorbed the cooking style of the migrants from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
__1__ (know) as a province with numerous mountains on China's southeast coast, Fujian is rich __2__ natural food resources. With a 3，752 kilometer long coastline and over 2，000 islands, it has an abundant supply of fish, shellfish, and other sea products, which provide rich various food ingredients. Fujian cuisine, accordingly, is noted for woodland delicacies and seafood __3__ (delight), while trying __4__ (preserve) the original flavor of the main ingredients that is light __5__ delicious, fresh, and not oily in general.
Fujian cuisine has some distinctive features. First, local chefs are __6__ (skill) at knife techniques and can cut food into hair thin slices. Second, with __7__ large amount of seafood in the local people's diet, they love to cook various kinds of soups with seafood. Third, __8__ is known that they can make good use of unique spices, which create various tastes. Fourth, all ingredients __9__ (choose) from nutritious foods that are artistically decorated in plates. Representative Fujian dishes include boiled sea clams in chicken soup, lychee pork, and fried duck in Shacha sauce.
In ancient times, many Fujian people made a living working abroad in Southeast Asia as expatriates (侨民), therefore __10__ (gradual) taking many other elements into their dietary custom.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了闽菜形成的原因及其特点。
1．答案：Known
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：福建是中国东南沿海的一个多山省份，拥有丰富的天然食品资源。动词know和句子主语Fujian是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填 Known。
2．答案：in
解析：考查介词。be rich in是固定搭配，意为“富含……；在……方面丰富”。故填in。
3．答案：delights
解析：考查名词。句意：因此，闽菜以林地美食和海鲜美食而闻名，同时试图保留主要食材的原始风味，即清淡但不失美味、新鲜，且通常不油腻等特点。此处应用名词复数与delicacies并列作宾语，表示泛指。故填delights。
4．答案：to preserve
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查动词短语try to do sth，意为“试图做某事，设法做某事”。故填to preserve。
5．答案：but
解析：考查连词。上下文是转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
6．答案：skilled
解析：考查词性转换。句意：首先，当地厨师擅长刀法，能把食物切得细如发丝。根据设空前的are及句意可知，应用形容词skilled作表语，be skilled at意为“擅长……”。故填skilled。
7．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：其次，由于当地人的饮食中有大量的海鲜，他们喜欢用海鲜做各种汤。根据设空后的介词短语in the local people's diet可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词the修饰名词amount。故填the。
8．答案：it
解析：考查代词。句意：第三，众所周知，他们可以很好地利用独特的调味料，创造出不同的味道。设空处应用代词it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，固定句型it is known that ...意为“……是众所周知的”。故填it。
9．答案：are chosen
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：第四，所有的食材都是从营养丰富的食物中挑选出来的，这些食物被很有艺术感地装点在盘子里面。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语ingredients和动词choose之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故填are chosen。
10．答案：gradually
解析：考查词性转换。句意：在古代，许多福建人出国去往东南亚谋生，因此，他们的饮食习惯中逐渐融入了许多其他元素。设空处应用副词修饰动词taking。故填gradually。
18(共73张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
4
课前自主预习
Grammar (it作形式主语)
①It's impossible for this country to recover in a short time over this financial crisis.
②It is no use talking to them.
③It is said that he stole the money.
(1)在①句中it用作形式主语，是“It is＋形容词＋(for sb)动词不定式(短语)”结构，it指代______________________。
(2)句②是“It is＋no use＋动名词(短语)”结构，it指代______________。
(3)句③是“It is＋过去分词＋that从句”结构，it指代___________。
动词不定式(短语)
动名词(短语)
that从句
精讲课时语法
it常代替由不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句表示的真正主语，作形式主语，真正的主语在句子末尾出现。
一、不定式(短语)作真正的主语
1．It＋is/was＋形容词＋不定式(短语)
常用于此句型的形容词有：obvious, possible, strange, natural, important, difficult, necessary等。
It is impossible to get there by boat.
坐船不可能到那里。
It's very kind of you to help me.
你能帮助我真好。
It was nice to see Steve again.
很高兴又见到了史蒂夫。
名师点津
for/of：引出不定式的逻辑主语。形容词表示人的品质、特征时，介词用of；形容词描述不定式动作的属性和特征时，介词用for。
单句语法填空
①It was very foolish ________ the boy to swim in the river alone.
②It's necessary ________ you to know about the Yangtze River, one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.
③It's clever ________ you to work out the maths problem.
of
for
of
2．It＋is/was＋名词词组＋不定式(短语)
常用于此句型的名词词组有：a duty, a pity, a fact, a wonder, a shame, an honour, no wonder等。
It was her duty to clean the room.
打扫房间是她的职责。
3．It＋is/was＋介词短语＋不定式(短语)
It was against my principle to do that.
那样做违反了我的原则。
4．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋不定式(短语)
It cost me 300 yuan to buy this dress.
买这条裙子花了我300元。
单句表达
①我急需提高我的英语口语，因此对我来说找到一个可以与之学习的当地人真是太好了。
I badly need to improve my oral English, so __________ for me _________ a native speaker to learn from.
②瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
It is ___________________ at people.
③此事由您来处理。
It _______________ handle this matter.
④建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
It ________ them a year _________ the bridge.
it is great
to find
bad manners to stare
is up to you to
took
to build
二、动名词(短语)作真正的主语
1．It＋is/was＋no＋名词/名词短语＋动名词(短语)
常见表达：It's no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time doing sth做某事没有用/没有好处/没有乐趣/没有用/浪费时间。
It is no use giving him some advice.
＝It is useless giving him some advice.
给他提建议没用。
2．It＋is/was＋形容词＋动名词(短语)
It is pleasant sitting here.
坐这里很高兴。
单句表达
①那样做真是浪费时间。
It is ________________ doing that.
②试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。
________________________ to solve the problem by force; peace talks are the only solution.
a waste of time
It is useless/no use trying
三、从句作真正的主语
1．It＋is/was＋形容词(如：strange/natural/surprising/obvious/true/fortunate/ wonderful/funny/possible/impossible/likely/unlikely/clear/unusual/certain/important ...)＋从句
It's natural that she knows everything about it.
她了解关于这个的一切是很自然的。
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她能否来还很难说。
2．It＋is/was＋名词/名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, a shame, an honour, no wonder ...)＋that从句
It's a shame that we failed to fulfill the task ahead of time.
我们没能提前完成任务，真感到惭愧。
It's a pity that you didn't come yesterday.
很遗憾你昨天没来。
3．It＋be/其他系动词/不及物动词(seem, occur, happen ...)＋that从句
It occurred to me that I had left my ticket at home.
我突然想起把票落在家里了。
名师点津
注意以下固定句型
It seems(ed)/appears(ed) that ... 似乎……
It (so) happens(ed) that ... 碰巧……
It turns(ed) out that ... 结果是……
It occurs/occurred to sb that ... 某人突然想起……
It so happened that the tickets were sold out.
碰巧票都卖光了。
It turned out that he was right.
结果证明他是对的。
It seems that his idea is more practical.
看起来他的意见更实际一些。
It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem.
我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题了。
4．It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/announced/decided/expected/hoped/ known/believed ...)＋that从句
It is said that a new shopping mall is being built in the city at present.
据说该市目前正在建造一家新商场。
名师点津
要在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed/requested ... that ... 的主语从句中用虚拟语气：(should)＋动词原形。
It is requested that he (should) give a performance at the party.
有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。
(1)单句语法填空
①It is suggested that we ____________ (get) everything ready by tonight.
②It is ordered that the radio ______________ (send) there at once.
(2)单句表达
①结果表明情况很严峻。
________________ the situation is quite serious.
②的确，智能手机在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。
________________ a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.
(should) get
(should) be sent
It turns out that
It is true that
③据说台风已造成了很多的破坏。
_______________ the typhoon had caused a lot of damage.
④她突然想到她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。
________________________ she might adopt a homeless child.
It was said that
It occurred to her that
Vocabulary
1 minority n. 少数派；少数(教材P54)
归纳拓展
①Only a minority of the class voted for the plan.
班里只有少数学生投票赞成这项计划。
②A clear majority of voters were in favour of this election.
绝大多数选民赞成这次选举。
③It is reported that women are in the minority/majority at the meeting.
据报道，在这次会议上女性占少数/多数。
名师点津
(1)minority单独用作主语时，谓语用单数或复数均可，但若其后的表语是复数，则谓语通常也要用复数。
(2)“the minority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the minority of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
单句语法填空
①The ________ (major) of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
②The minority of us ________ (be) faced with difficulty in the frontier of the major.
③Look at the names of the ________ (minor) groups on the right.
majority
are
minority
2 cast v. 选派(角色)(教材P54)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie.
他选定她在他最近的一部影片里扮演一名雄心勃勃的律师。
②Here are the research findings that cast new light on the origin of our universe.
这就是对宇宙起源有新认识的研究发现。
③The boy cast a surprised look at our arrival.
对我们的到来，男孩表现得很吃惊。
单句表达
①这个不幸的消息让我们沮丧。
The bad news ____________________．
②她父亲的病给她的婚礼投下了阴影。
Her father's illness ________________________ her wedding ceremony.
cast us down
cast a shadow over/on
3 rewarding adj. 值得做的，有意义的(教材P56)
归纳拓展
①When asked for the views about his job, Phillip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
当被问到对他工作的看法的时候，菲利普说它既有趣又有意义。
②He gave a reward of $100 to the boy for bringing back the lost dog.
他奖励小男孩100美元，因为他送回了丢失的狗。
③She wanted to reward the cleaners with ￡1，000 for their efforts.
她想对清洁工所作出的努力奖赏1，000英镑。
易混辨析：reward/award/prize
reward “报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。
award 指正式的或官方的“奖项，奖金”；也可以指法庭裁决给予。
prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
(1)选词填空(reward/award/prize)
①The film won an Oscar ________ for 1985.
②The fireman received a ________ for saving the child's life.
③Hundreds of ________ can be won in our newspaper competition.
Award
reward
prizes
(2)单句表达
①作为报答，当他陷入困境时，我帮了他一把。
______________， I lent him a hand when he was in trouble.
②她因自己所作的努力而得到一笔现金奖。
She was _______________________ with a cash bonus.
In reward
rewarded for her efforts
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Multi party elections are scheduled for sometime next year but many doubt that this is a ________ (能够实现的) goal.
2．Their _____________ (融洽的) relationship resulted in their similar goals.
3．Local authority nursery provision covers only a tiny ____________ (少数) of working mothers.
4．In the film she was c______ as a hardworking upright middle aged woman.
5．Life for the successful doctor can be emotionally and financially r________．
realistic
harmonious
minority
ast
rewarding
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We stand ready to work with the other countries to ________ (joint) tackle global challenges.
2．From the teacher's patient explanation, I have learnt what a big responsibility _____ is to educate us.
3．It is ________ (know) to us that he is one of the most famous football players in the world.
4．It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
jointly
it
known
that
5．________ felt funny watching myself on TV.
6．It's a waste of time __________ (warn) him—he is a stubborn person.
7．It's no use __________ (cry) over spilt milk.
8．He cast himself ________ the innocent victim of a hate campaign.
9．She _________________ (reward) for her 40 years' faithful service with the company.
10．It is kind ________ you to invite me to the party.
It
warning
crying
as
was rewarded
of
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．遵守规则让社会保持秩序、人民生活安定是每个人的责任。
__________________________ to obey the rules to keep the society in order and people's lives safe.
2．显而易见，iPad对我们的学习有很大帮助，尤其是对我们的英语听力。
__________________ iPad is of great help to our study, especially to our English listening.
3．他们两个很快发现对音乐有着共同的兴趣。
They two soon discovered __________________ in music.
It is everyone's responsibility
It is obvious that
a mutual interest
4．企图使这两个国家保持和平是没有用的。
_____________________ make peace between the two countries.
5．但是等待考试结果非常有压力。
But ________________________ for exam results.
6．即使是在20世纪60年代，政治上活跃的学生和高校教师也是占少数。
Even in the 1960s, politically active students and academics _______________．
7．保护好环境对我们来说很重要。
It is very __________________________ the environment well.
It is no use seeking to
it's very stressful to wait
were in a minority
important for us to protect
8．在发展科学技术方面，我们要共同努力。
We should ____________________________ science and technology.
9．文化冲击是每一个海外留学人员都可能经历的普遍现象。
__________________ is one of the common experiences by students abroad.
10．我认为人类需要与动物和平相处。
I believe people should try to live ______________________ the animals.
make joint efforts to develop
Culture shock
in harmony with
课后课时作业
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms (节气). Cold Dew (寒露), the 17th solar term of the year, begins around Oct. 7 to 9 each year. At this time, the dew is greater and colder and there will be less rain. Autumn crops will be ripe. Here are three things you should know about Cold Dew.
Foggy autumn
Temperatures drop significantly in October. When the cold air encounters autumn rain, the abundant water vapor in the air soon reaches saturation (饱和状态), and then it turns into fog. When the humidity is high, there will be foggy regions formed in many areas of China.
Season for fishing
People always say that fishing in shallow water in autumn makes sense. That's because during the Cold Dew period, temperatures decrease quickly and sunshine doesn't reach deep water thoroughly. Fish swim to shallow water areas where the water temperature is relatively high.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在寒露时节(二十四节气之一)人们应该知道的三件事。
Season for drinking chrysanthemum (菊花) wine
Chrysanthemum is the iconic flower of Cold Dew. To prevent autumn dryness, many regions in China have the custom of drinking chrysanthemum wine. This is a tradition of the Double Ninth Festival, which often falls around Cold Dew. According to ancient records, drinking wine made with chrysanthemums, poria cocos mushroom and pine oleoresin grants (给予) people long lasting youth.
1．What is NOT the characteristic of Cold Dew
A．Wet weather. B．Low temperatures.
C．Foggy conditions. D．Fully grown crops.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At this time ... will be ripe.(这个时候，露水较多、寒气较重，雨水较少。秋季作物将成熟。)”和Foggy autumn部分中的“When the humidity is high ... in many areas of China.(当湿度大时，中国许多地区会形成雾区。)”可知，寒露时节温度下降，雨水减少，多雾，庄稼将成熟，因此潮湿的天气不是其特征。故选A。
2．Why is Cold Dew a time for fishing
A．Because fish become mature in autumn.
B．Because fish move slowly in cold water.
C．Because fish eat more in low temperatures.
D．Because fish tend to gather in warm areas.
解析：细节理解题。根据Season for fishing部分中的“That's because ... relatively high.(这是因为在寒露时节，温度迅速下降，阳光不能完全照射到深水区。鱼儿就会游到水温相对较高的浅水区。)”可知，寒露时节鱼儿会聚集在阳光能够照射到的温暖的浅水区，因此适合钓鱼。故选D。
3．Which is the function of drinking chrysanthemum wine
A．Celebrating Cold Dew.
B．Relieving people from autumn dryness.
C．Ensuring people a stronger build.
D．Keeping people warm in low temperatures.
解析：细节理解题。根据Season for drinking chrysanthemum (菊花) wine部分中的“To prevent autumn dryness ... drinking chrysanthemum wine.(为了预防秋燥，中国许多地区都有喝菊花酒的习俗。)”可知，寒露时节喝菊花酒是为了预防秋燥。故选B。
B
A small supermarket is decorated with a lot of red lanterns. There are piles of red envelopes on sale, for filling with cash and handing out as gifts. Such festive trappings can be seen everywhere in China in the build up to the Lunar New Year. But this is Yangon, the former capital of Myanmar, where Han Chinese are a mere 2.5% of the country's population. They are a sign that Chinese New Year is becoming a global holiday.
Several countries in Asia celebrate the Lunar New Year in their own way. But dragon and lion dances in Chinatowns over the world have helped make China's the most famous. In Tokyo, window cleaners dress up as the animals of the Chinese zodiac (生肖). America, Canada and New Zealand have issued commemorative stamps for the Year of the Rooster. New York City made the Lunar New Year a school holiday.
The spread of the Spring Festival, as China calls it, is partly due to recent emigration (移民) from China: 9.5 million Chinese people have moved abroad since 1978, many of whom are far richer than earlier waves of migrants. It also reflects the wealth and ambitions of China's new middle class: festivities in other countries are partly aimed at the 6 million Chinese who are expected to spend their week long holiday abroad.
It's hoped that the festival will promote China's cultural “soft power” abroad. So related events are welcomed, such as a display of martial arts in Cyprus and a traditional Chinese temple fair in Harare, Zimbabwe. More and more Chinese are glad to see foreigners enjoy such festivities. Though there is a growing enthusiasm among Chinese for Western celebrations such as Christmas, Chinese New Year is a welcome chance to reverse (逆转) the cultural flow.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国春节如何日益成为一个全球性的节日。
4．Why is the scene in a supermarket shown in the first paragraph
A．To stress the importance of the Spring Festival.
B．To explain why the Lunar New Year is popular.
C．To present the popularity of Chinese New Year.
D．To show how other countries celebrate the Spring Festival.
解析：推理判断题。第一段最后一句“They are a sign that Chinese New Year is becoming a global holiday.”点出文章主题，即春节逐渐成为一个全球性的节日。由此可推知，第一段中超市场景的描写是为了突出中国新年被庆祝的广泛程度。故选C。
5．What are the best known celebration activities for the Lunar New Year in Chinatowns
A．Dragon and lion dances.
B．Eating dumplings and singing and dancing.
C．Dressing up as animals and dancing.
D．Playing cards and letting off fireworks.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But dragon and lion dances in Chinatowns over the world have helped make China's the most famous.”可知，在唐人街，最广为人知的庆祝农历新年的活动是舞龙和舞狮。故选A。
6．What is some countries' purpose of celebrating the Spring Festival
A．To reflect on their own cultures.
B．To show respect to the Chinese traditions.
C．To promote the values of Chinese customs.
D．To attract Chinese to spend the holiday there.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“festivities in other countries are partly aimed at the 6 million Chinese who are expected to spend their week long holiday abroad”可知，其他国家的节日活动部分是针对预计将在海外度过一周长假的600万中国人。因此一些国家庆祝中国春节是为了吸引那些打算去国外度假的中国人。故选D。
7．What's the best title for the text
A．Celebrating Chinese Festivals Becomes a Trend
B．Welcoming China's Cultural “Soft Power”
C．China's Biggest Festival Is Going Global
D．Foreigners' Love of China's Festivals
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国春节日益成为一个全球性的节日， C项(中国最大的节日将走向全球)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
Acupuncture (针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the solution for countless patients for thousands of years. __1__ Over time, this natural practice gradually developed into a thorough and deep medical system, forming the basis of acupuncture.
Acupuncture is a way to help the body recover itself by using thin needles in certain parts of the body. __2__ Its medical ideas match traditional Chinese medicine's philosophical beliefs. These beliefs focus on treating the whole person, keeping bodily functions balanced, and promoting good health.
__3__ They include needle insertion (针刺), cupping and scraping (刮痧). Needle insertion, the most common method, is carried out by inserting hair thin needles into specific points on the body that channel vital energy (the qi). Practitioners use thin needles to help the body's energy flow better, fix the balance between yin and yang, and make the body work better on its own. They gently move the needles around in different ways to do this.
Acupuncture offers a way to treat the whole person. In addition to its physical benefits, acupuncture also provides emotional and psychological support. __4__ The process of receiving acupuncture involves relaxation and meditation, which can further improve its therapeutic (治疗的) effects.
__5__ Over the years, acupuncture has seen many improvements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now widely accepted as a mainstream treatment option for various health conditions. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries.
A．Practices can vary in forms.
B．Acupuncture is used worldwide.
C．Acupuncture is a powerful and effective form of therapy.
D．Acupuncture does work and many people have been cured by it.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针灸的起源与发展、医学原理、常见形式、疗效和目前的接受情况。
E．At the beginning, ancient Chinese used stone tools to help with pain.
F．Many people find it helpful in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression.
G．It helps the body work better and improves its natural ability to recover.
1．答案：E
解析：后文“Over time ... the basis of acupuncture.(随着时间的推移，这种自然疗法逐渐发展成为一个全面而深入的医疗体系，形成了针灸的基础。)”描述了针灸的发展情况。E项(一开始，中国古人用石器来止痛。)引出后文，介绍针灸的起源，其中的At the beginning和后文的Over time呼应，后文中的“this natural practice”指的是E项中提到的古人用石器止痛的疗法。故选E。
2．答案：G
解析：前文“Acupuncture is a way ... the body.(针灸是一种通过在身体的某些部位使用细针来帮助身体自我恢复的方法。)”介绍了针灸的原理。G项(它可以帮助身体更好地工作，提高身体的自然恢复能力。)承接前文，说明针灸的作用。故选G。
解析：根据后文“They include needle insertion (针刺), cupping and scraping (刮痧)．(它们包括针刺、拔火罐和刮痧。)”可知，A项(疗法可以有多种形式。)引出后文，符合语境。故选A。
3．答案：A
4．答案：F
解析：前文“In addition to ... psychological support.(除了身体上的好处，针灸还提供情感和心理上的支持。)”说明针灸具有治疗身心的双重作用。F项(许多人发现它有助于减轻压力、焦虑和抑郁。)承接前文，介绍针灸对于心理问题的疗效，符合语境。故选F。
5．答案：B
解析：设空处是段落主旨句。根据后文可知，本段主要介绍针灸在进步，甚至逐渐被国外接受。B项(针灸在世界范围内使用。)引出后文，符合语境。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
FUJIAN cuisine originated from southeast China's Fujian Province and gradually absorbed the cooking style of the migrants from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
__1__ (know) as a province with numerous mountains on China's southeast coast, Fujian is rich __2__ natural food resources. With a 3，752 kilometer long coastline and over 2，000 islands, it has an abundant supply of fish, shellfish, and other sea products, which provide rich various food ingredients. Fujian cuisine, accordingly, is noted for woodland delicacies and seafood __3__ (delight), while trying __4__ (preserve) the original flavor of the main ingredients that is light __5__ delicious, fresh, and not oily in general.
Fujian cuisine has some distinctive features. First, local chefs are __6__ (skill) at knife techniques and can cut food into hair thin slices. Second, with __7__ large amount of seafood in the local people's diet, they love to cook various kinds of soups with seafood. Third, __8__ is known that they can make good use of unique spices, which create various tastes. Fourth, all ingredients __9__ (choose) from nutritious foods that are artistically decorated in plates. Representative Fujian dishes include boiled sea clams in chicken soup, lychee pork, and fried duck in Shacha sauce.
In ancient times, many Fujian people made a living working abroad in Southeast Asia as expatriates (侨民), therefore __10__ (gradual) taking many other elements into their dietary custom.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了闽菜形成的原因及其特点。
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
1．答案：Known
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：福建是中国东南沿海的一个多山省份，拥有丰富的天然食品资源。动词know和句子主语Fujian是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填 Known。
2．答案：in
解析：考查介词。be rich in是固定搭配，意为“富含……；在……方面丰富”。故填in。
3．答案：delights
4．答案：to preserve
解析：考查名词。句意：因此，闽菜以林地美食和海鲜美食而闻名，同时试图保留主要食材的原始风味，即清淡但不失美味、新鲜，且通常不油腻等特点。此处应用名词复数与delicacies并列作宾语，表示泛指。故填delights。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查动词短语try to do sth，意为“试图做某事，设法做某事”。故填to preserve。
解析：考查连词。上下文是转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
5．答案：but
解析：考查词性转换。句意：首先，当地厨师擅长刀法，能把食物切得细如发丝。根据设空前的are及句意可知，应用形容词skilled作表语，be skilled at意为“擅长……”。故填skilled。
6．答案：skilled
7．答案：the
8．答案：it
解析：考查冠词。句意：其次，由于当地人的饮食中有大量的海鲜，他们喜欢用海鲜做各种汤。根据设空后的介词短语in the local people's diet可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词the修饰名词amount。故填the。
解析：考查代词。句意：第三，众所周知，他们可以很好地利用独特的调味料，创造出不同的味道。设空处应用代词it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，固定句型it is known that ...意为“……是众所周知的”。故填it。
9．答案：are chosen
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：第四，所有的食材都是从营养丰富的食物中挑选出来的，这些食物被很有艺术感地装点在盘子里面。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语ingredients和动词choose之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故填are chosen。
10．答案：gradually
解析：考查词性转换。句意：在古代，许多福建人出国去往东南亚谋生，因此，他们的饮食习惯中逐渐融入了许多其他元素。设空处应用副词修饰动词taking。故填gradually。
