英语 选择性必修 第二册 WY
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
The Words That Changed A Nation
改变了一个国家的演说
On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak.
1863年11月19日，一个灰蒙蒙的下午，在宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡的一块空地上，一个高大瘦削的男人登上了讲台，开始演说。
The place was the site of a recent battle where thousands of soldiers had died.
这个地方是最近一场战斗的地点，数千名士兵牺牲于此。
The man was Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of the soldiers who had died.
这个人是美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯，他在那里是为了纪念死去的士兵。
The speech he gave was just 268 words long and lasted two minutes.
他做的演讲只有268个字，持续了两分钟。
But this address to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.
但这次对群众的演讲改变了他的人民的想法，帮助塑造了一个国家。
词句自测
①mount v. 走上，登上
②“分句(The man ... America)＋and＋分句(he was ... died)”。本句是and连接的并列复合句。in memory of ... had died是介词短语作状语，who had died是定语从句，修饰soldiers。
At that time, America was bitterly divided.
在那时，美国分崩离析。
For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war between the slave owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union.
两年来，该国人民一直深陷拥护奴隶制的南部联邦和“自由”的北方联盟之间的内战之中。
The worst battle lasted three days and took place at Gettysburg in 1863.
最惨烈的战斗持续了三天，于1863年发生在葛底斯堡。
The Union side won, but at a great cost.
联盟方赢得了胜利，但付出了巨大的代价。
Over 50，000 soldiers were killed or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose.
50，000多名士兵伤亡，人们失去了希望和目标。
What was all this suffering for
遭受这些苦难究竟是为了什么呢？
词句自测
③civil adj. 公民的，国民的
④civil__war 内战
⑤slave n. 奴隶
⑥confederate adj. (美国内战期间)南部联邦的
⑦union n. 联邦
Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people.
林肯理解平民百姓的感受。
His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future.
他的演说给了他们希望、信念和展望未来的理由。
He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.
他让他们对美利坚合众国应成为的样子有了一个新的认识，这是基于87年前美国开国元勋们所确立的理想。
It was what the soldiers had died for.
那也是战士们为之献出生命的原因。
Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步步走向人类的平等。
词句自测
⑧civilian adj. 平民的；百姓的
⑨division n. 分歧，分裂
⑩“主(He)谓(gave)＋间接宾语(them)＋直接宾语(a new vision of ... should be)”。what the United ... should be是宾语从句；based on ... before是过去分词短语作后置定语，set down ... before作ideals的后置定语。
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家，这个新的国家在自由中孕育，致力于人人生而平等的理想。
词句自测
bring__forth 使产生，使出现
conceive v. 构想，设想
liberty n. 自由
dedicate v. 致力于，献身于
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure.
现在我们正在进行一场伟大的内战，考验这个国家或者任何一个在自由中孕育，信奉人人生而平等的主张的国家是否能够长久地存在下去。
We are met here on a great battlefield of that war.
现在我们聚集在这场内战的一个重要战场上。
We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.
我们来到这里，是为了把这里的一部分土地献给那些为了国家存续而献出自己生命的人，作为他们最终的安息之地。
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
我们这样做是完全应当且非常恰当的。
词句自测
endure v. 持续存在
battlefield n. 战场
portion n. 一部分
altogether adv. 完全
“主(We)谓(have come)”。to dedicate ... might live作目的状语；who here ... might live是定语从句，修饰those；其中第一个that实为so that引导目的状语从句。
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow this ground.
但是，从更广泛意义上来说，我们不能献出——我们不能圣化——我们不能神化这块土地。
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.
曾经在这里战斗过的勇士们，无论活着的还是死去的，已经圣化了这片土地，这远不是我们渺小的力量所能增减的。
The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here.
世界不会留意，也不会长久记住我们在这里所说的话，但永远不会忘记他们在这里所做的事情。
词句自测
consecrate v. 宣布……为神圣之处
hallow v. 使成为神圣
detract v. 减低，破坏，损害
“主(The brave men)谓(have consecrated)宾(it)”。后置定语living and dead和定语从句who struggled here都修饰主语The brave men; far above ... detract作状语；to add or detract是不定式短语作power的后置定语。
It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on.
对我们这些活着的人来说，更应该在这里献身于他们长久以来如此高尚地推进的、尚未完成的事业。
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
倒不如说，我们应该在这里献身于摆在我们面前的伟大任务——从这些光荣的逝者身上汲取更多的信仰，来投身于他们为之竭尽最后一丝力量的事业——我们在这里下最大的决心，不让逝者白白失去生命；要让国家获得自由的新生；要使民有、民治、民享的政府永存。
(“The Gettysburg Address” by Abraham Lincoln)
(《葛底斯堡演讲》——亚伯拉罕·林肯)
词句自测
nobly adv. 高尚地，崇高地
in__vain 白白地
perish v. 死亡
1 division n. 分歧，分裂(教材P58)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①We shall not let such a small matter divide us.
我们决不会让这么一个小问题分裂我们。
②A sentence can be divided up into meaningful segments.
一个句子可以划分为有意义的各个部分。
③Let's divide the cake between/among us.
我们把这个蛋糕分了吃吧。
(1)单句语法填空
①Remove the meat with a fork and divide it ________ four plates.
②White lines divide the playing area ________ sections.
答案：①among ②into
(2)单句表达
我们将分割股东的钱。
We will ____________________________ the partners.
答案：divide up the money between
2 dedicate v. 致力于，献身于(教材P59)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①She has dedicated much of her time to taking care of the old in the community.
她把自己的许多时间都献给了照顾社区里的老年人。
②The most honorable thing that I can do is to dedicate myself to my country and strive for my ideal.
我能做的最光荣的事就是献身祖国，为理想而奋斗。
③He is totally dedicated and brings out the best in his pupils.
他全身心地投入，最大限度地激发学生的潜能。
(1)单句语法填空
①He felt that medicine was the most important cause that he could dedicate himself ________．
②China will continue to be ________ (dedicate) to promoting international cooperation in this area.
答案：①to ②dedicated
(2)单句表达
50多年来，樊锦诗一直致力于保护和研究敦煌石窟。
Fan Jinshi ______________________________________________ the Dunhuang Caves for more than 50 years.
答案：has dedicated herself to/has been dedicated to protecting and researching
3 altogether adv. 完全(教材P59)
归纳拓展
①How come you forget it altogether
你怎么完全忘了啊？
②You owe me ￡68 altogether.
你一共欠我68英镑。
③Altogether it was a great vacation!
总的说来，这次度假开心极了！
名师点津 (1)all together是副词短语，意为“全体一起，全部在一起”，强调同时或在同一地点。 (2)altogether “完全，全部”，与completely, entirely, fully, wholly等为近义词，用于否定句时，表示部分否定。
(1)选词填空(all together/altogether)
①I don't ________ agree with you.
②Put the plates ________ in the sink.
答案：①altogether ②all together
(2)单句表达
火车越来越慢，最后完全停了。
The train went slower and slower until __________________________．
答案：it stopped altogether
in vain 白白地(教材P60)
归纳拓展
①I tried to persuade the patient, but in vain.
我尝试过劝那位病人，可是白费力气。
②They made vain attempts to reach the mountain top.
他们几次尝试想攀登山顶，都没成功。
单句语法填空
①Everything was done to discover the missing boy, but ________ vain.
②Sophia closed her eyes tightly in a vain attempt ________ (hold) back the tears.
③He shouted at them, ________ (vain) trying to attract their attention.
答案：①in ②to hold ③vainly
1 The place was the site of a recent battle where thousands of soldiers had died. (教材P58)这里曾是一片战场，数千名士兵牺牲于此。
剖析 where 引导定语从句，修饰the site of a recent battle，在从句中充当地点状语。
归纳拓展
①The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where (at which) a good impression is a must.
在日常交流中这本书对我帮助很大，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。
②Students should involve themselves in community activities where (in which) they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该积极参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
③Care of the soul is a gradual process where (in which) even the small details of life should be considered.
心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。
名师点津 定语从句的解题步骤：第一步：找出主句；第二步：找出被修饰词，即先行词；第三步：找出定语从句；第四步：判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，如作主语、宾语、表语，需从关系代词who, whom, that, which中选择；如作定语，需从whose, of which或of whom中选择；如作状语，需从关系副词when, why, where中选择。
(1)单句语法填空
①We're just trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk.
②Remember that there is still one point ________ we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
答案：①where ②which
(2)单句表达
在一个年复一年生活没有什么变化的社会，语言也同样不会有变化。
In a society ________________________ year after year with few changes, the language does not change, either.
答案：where life continues
2 He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. (教材P58)他给予了美国人民一个新的愿景，那就是依照87年前开国元勋的理念，美利坚合众国本应成为的样子。
剖析 what引导宾语从句，在从句中作be的表语。
归纳拓展
①All of us have already known what she will choose is the opportunity to go abroad.
我们都已经知道她将选择的是出国的机会。
②What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
过去认为不可能的事现在已经变成了现实。
单句表达
①让她担心的是她儿子沉迷于电脑游戏。
______________________ was that her son was addicted to computer games.
②这就是我想告诉你的事情。
This is __________________ you.
③我不知道下一步我们该干什么。
I don't know ____________________________．
答案：①What worried her ②what I want to tell ③what we should do next
3 Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind. (教材P58)现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步一步朝着实现人类平等而努力。
剖析 It is up to sb to do sth为固定句式，意为“由某人决定做某事，做某事是……的职责(或责任)”。
归纳拓展
①It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
通过注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们大家，即道路使用者。
②Life provides you with time and space. It's up to you to fill it.
生命提供给你时间与空间。(如何)填满它由你决定。
③He is not up to the job.
他无法胜任这项工作。
名师点津 巧记up to：多到达到一直到，忙于胜任做决定。
(1)单句语法填空
①It's up to you ________ (decide) who is up to the job.
②Call in, or ring us up; it's up ________ you.
答案：①to decide ②to
(2)单句表达
不用担心；他能胜任你为他提供的这份工作。
Don't worry; he ________________ the job you offered him.
答案：is up to
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．His objective was to kill the space station project ________ (完全)．
答案：altogether
2．The ________ (分歧) between the prosperous west and the impoverished east remains.
答案：division
3．But ________ (平民的) applications such as search and rescue, he thinks, are likely to be as important as military and security ones.
答案：civilian
4．If you ________ (设想) a plan or idea, you think of it and work out how it can be done.
答案：conceive
5．Somehow the language ________ (持续存在) and continues to survive.
答案：endures
6．There is no doubt that the best prize in life is the opportunity to d________ to a cause worthy of dedication.
答案：dedicate
7．Some c________ cases can be settled out of court.
答案：civil
8．If you m________ the stairs or a platform, you go up the stairs or go up onto the platform.
答案：mount
9．There is no formal confirmation so far that he is at l________．
答案：liberty
10．Civilizations do eventually decline and p________．
答案：perish
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It helps to have ________ (influent) friends.
答案：influential
2．She ________ (noble) did my work as well as hers while I was ill.
答案：nobly
3．I see that I am speaking ________ vain to make him change his mind.
答案：in
4．It is no use ________ (quarrel) with him.
答案：quarrelling
5．He had taught me three years ________ I was taken out of the mountains.
答案：before
6．The report can be conveniently divided ________ three main sections.
答案：into
7．Four and a half hours of discussion took us up ________ midnight, and a break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
答案：to
8．I worry about ________ he can pass through the crisis of his illness or not.
答案：whether
9．The last thing they want is to work in the red areas ________ life is hard.
答案：where
10．I don't like work and nobody does, I think, but I like ________ is in the work—the chance to find myself.
答案：what
Ⅲ.选词填空
in memory of; in vain; be engaged in; dedicate to; bring forth
1．I tried to explain the problem to him, but ____________. He still doesn't understand it.
答案：in vain
2．These efforts will surely ____________ good fruit.
答案：bring forth
3．The congress opened with a minute's silence ____________ those who died in the struggle.
答案：in memory of
4．People who are honest, ____________ their work and have integrity are welcome.
答案：dedicated to
5．We ____________ both export and import business.
答案：are engaged in
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．她试图向他指出他的做法不公正，但无济于事。
She tried ____________ to point out to him the unfairness of his actions.
答案：in vain
2．生活就像一个杯子，它是一个饮料杯还是一个牙刷杯由你来决定。
Life is like a cup, and ____________________ to decide whether it's a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup.
答案：it's up to you
3．我们还没有决定是否去逛街。
We haven't decided ____________________ go shopping ____________．
答案：whether we will; or not
4．今天的生活与20年前是多么地不同啊！(what引导宾语从句)
How different life today is __________________ twenty years ago!
答案：from what it was
5．当孩子们对新环境不适应时，父母们应多加关注。(where 引导定语从句)
Parents should pay attention to the cases ______________________________________ (in) adapting to new surroundings.
答案：where their children have difficulty
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比25%) 拔高题(占比25%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★★★
Ⅰ 阅读
“I am not crazy，” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国兽医William Farber (威廉·法伯)利用中西医结合的整体医学疗法治疗动物并取得了良好疗效的故事。
1．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him
A．He's odd. B．He's strict.
C．He's brave. D．He's rude.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”可知，Farber的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法，由此可推知，Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪。故选A。
2．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A．He was trained in it at university.
B．He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C．He benefited from it as a patient.
D．He wanted to save money for pet owners.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Farber尝试针灸治疗之后背痛得到了缓解，所以他认为针灸治疗似乎也可以应用到宠物身上，也就是说他自己作为病人从针灸治疗中获得了益处，所以决定把针灸应用到宠物身上。故选C。
3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
答案：D
解析：段落大意题。本段主要介绍了两只动物经过Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Farber的整体医学疗法所取得的效果。故选D。
4．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A．To prove Farber's point.
B．To emphasize its importance.
C．To praise veterinarians.
D．To advocate animal protection.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he may be right: Since 1982 ... grown from 30 to over 700”可推知，作者提到该组织是为了证明Farber的观点是正确的。故选A。
Ⅱ 完形填空
During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion. In a general __1__ of self introductions, I introduced myself in a(n) __2__ way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor supplemented (补充) my self introduction to __3__ American standards, saying I was one of the world's experts on the __4__. In response, I looked down in __5__ and thought that “expert” was a big word.
When I lived in North Carolina, my new friends came over to __6__. Conversations were full of interest and energy, and there was a lot of __7__. At the end of the evening, when my guests left, they thanked me for the dinner. My heart __8__， because I was born and raised in the Netherlands, where “thanking you for dinner” means the relationship is __9__．
Emotions are different enough to feel out of __10__ when you move from one culture to another. The professor at the University of Michigan meant to make me feel __11__， but instead made me uncomfortable. My friends meant to show __12__， but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.
We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us, but in __13__， our emotions happen in interactions with others. In my own culture, it was hard to observe the __14__ emotions of others, but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a different __15__ from where I was raised.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个土生土长的荷兰人，在与美国人交流时发现了身处不同文化中的人表达情感的方式也不同。
1．A.analysis B．state
C．letter D．round
答案：D
解析：analysis 分析；state 状态；letter 信；round 轮次。根据上文“asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion”和下文“of self introductions”可知，作者参加了一个研讨会，在会上大家依次做一轮自我介绍。故选D。
2．A.modest B．interesting
C．dramatic D．proud
答案：A
解析：根据下文“as one of those who are ‘interested in culture and emotion’”和“saying I was one of the world's experts”可知，作者介绍自己的时候说自己只是一个对文化和情感感兴趣的人，而教授却说作者是专家，由此可知，作者介绍自己的时候非常谦虚。故选A。
3．A.set B．fit
C．evaluate D．recommend
答案：B
解析：句意：这位教授补充了我的自我介绍，以符合美国的标准，说我是世界上关于这个话题的专家之一。set 设置；fit 符合；evaluate 评估；recommend 推荐。根据下文“American standards”可知，这位教授补充作者的自我介绍是为了更符合美国人说话的习惯。故选B。
4．A.approach B．situation
C．topic D．course
答案：C
解析：approach 方式；situation 情况；topic 话题；course 课程，讲座。根据上文“a seminar on culture and emotion”可知，作者参加的是关于文化和情感的研讨会，所以此处指作者是关于这个研讨会话题的专家。故选C。
5．A.curiosity B．pity
C．disappointment D．embarrassment
答案：D
解析：curiosity 好奇心；pity 遗憾；disappointment 失望；embarrassment 尴尬，窘迫。根据下文“and thought that ‘expert’ was a big word”可知，作者觉得“专家”是一个很大的词，用“专家”来形容自己显得太过了，因此感觉很尴尬。故选D。
6．A.play B．dine
C．work D．perform
答案：B
解析：句意：当我住在北卡罗来纳州时，我的新朋友们来家里吃饭。play 玩；dine 吃饭，进餐；work 工作；perform 表演，履行。根据下文“they thanked me for the dinner”可知，作者的新朋友来作者家里吃饭。故选B。
7．A.support B．noise
C．fun D．argument
答案：C
解析：句意：谈话充满了兴趣和活力，也充满了乐趣。support 支持；noise 噪音；fun 快乐，乐趣；argument 争吵，争辩。根据上文“full of interest and energy”可知，作者和朋友们的谈话充满了乐趣。故选C。
8．A.sank B．melted
C．raced D．opened
答案：A
解析：句意：我的心一沉，因为我在荷兰出生并长大，在那里，“谢谢你的饭”意味着关系很疏远。sink 下沉；melt (使)熔化，融化；race 参加比赛；open 打开。根据下文“My friends meant ... themselves from me.”可知，在作者的国家荷兰，“谢谢你的饭”意味着关系疏远，所以作者听到客人们的感谢后心情低落。故选A。
9．A.harmonious B．normal
C．strong D．distant
答案：D
解析：harmonious 和谐的；normal 正常的；strong 强壮的；distant 疏远的，遥远的。根据下文“they made me think they were distancing themselves from me”可知，在作者的文化中，感谢别人的饭说明关系很疏远。故选D。
10．A.date B．shape
C．place D．sight
答案：C
解析：out of date 过时的；out of shape 变形的；不健康的；out of place 格格不入；out of sight 看不见。根据下文“when you move from one culture to another”并结合上文作者与美国人打交道的两件事可知，作者从一种文化进入到另一种文化，两种文化表达感情的方式不同，让人感觉格格不入。故选C。
11．A.reliable B．good
C．serious D．careful
答案：B
解析：reliable 可靠的；good 好的；serious 严肃的；careful 小心的。根据下文“but instead made me uncomfortable”可知，句意发生转折，设空处表达内容应和uncomfortable相反，因此此处指教授的本意是想让作者感觉良好。故选B。
12．A.gratitude B．respect
C．admiration D．affection
答案：A
解析：gratitude 感激，感谢；respect 尊重；admiration 羡慕；赞赏；affection 喜爱，钟爱。根据上文“they thanked me for the dinner”可知，此处指朋友们本意是想表示感激。故选A。
13．A.total B．advance
C．detail D．reality
答案：D
解析：in total 总共；in advance 提前；in detail 详细地；in reality 事实上。根据上文“We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us”可知，此处是将我们认为的和实际情况相比较。故选D。
14．A.unbelievable B．pure
C．invisible D．powerful
答案：C
解析：unbelievable 难以置信的；pure 纯粹的；invisible 看不见的，无形的；powerful 强有力的。根据下文“but I was able to see them”可知，下文说作者能看见别人的情感，且根据but可知，设空处与下文内容相反，表示的是作者很难看到这些无形的情感。故选C。
15．A.level B．culture
C．standard D．value
答案：B
解析：根据上文“In my own culture”并结合全文可知，美国的文化与作者长大的地方的文化不同。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The concept of the crossbow (弩) developed from animal traps. __1__ is difficult to establish the date of the first development of the crossbow as a weapon. A scientist named E．M. Grosser discovered a bronze pistol like version __2__ Robert Templel said could have been from the “eighth or ninth century BC or even __3__ (early)．” There are references to the crossbow in China in the sixth century BC. By the fourth century BC military leaders were relying __4__ (strong) on crossbow armed forces. One Han prince spoke in 336 BC of having __5__ (thousand) of crossbows for his army.
The crossbow had the advantage of not only __6__ (send) an arrow with enough force to cut through body armor (盔甲) __7__ its arrows, being short, could not be shot back by bowmen. Over the decades the crossbow was improved upon. The trigger (触发) mechanisms were cast out of bronze and became as complicated as those of a modern gun. Rectangular frames (矩形框架) were attached to the front and back of the crossbow as sights __8__ (make) it easier to aim.
The strength of the bow on a crossbow made it difficult to prepare for firing. This device __9__ (enable) the bowman to hook the bowstring over the bow and use his legs to push against the bow. Later larger crossbows __10__ (build) to shoot multiple arrows at a time.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了弩的来历、发展、工作原理以及在军事上的应用。
1．答案：It
解析：考查代词。it is＋adj.＋to do sth “做某事是……”，为固定句型，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，且位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填It。
2．答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a bronze pistol like version，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
3．答案：earlier
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据even可知，此处应用形容词early的比较级。故填earlier。
4．答案：strongly
解析：考查词性转换。句意：直到公元前4世纪，军队将领非常依赖弩兵。设空处应用副词，修饰动词短语rely on。故填strongly。
5．答案：thousands
解析：考查数词。句意：公元前336年，一个汉朝的天子曾说他的军队拥有成千上万的弩。thousands of “成千上万的”。故填thousands。
6．答案：sending
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用动名词sending作介词of的宾语。故填sending。
7．答案：but
解析：考查连词。句意：弩的优势不仅在于可以射出足够力道的箭来刺穿盔甲，而且还在于它的箭很短，弓箭手无法反击。not only ... but (also) ...“不但……而且……”，其中also可省略。故填but。
8．答案：to make
解析：考查非谓语动词。“矩形框架被安装在弩的前后作为瞄准镜”的目的是“使弩更容易瞄准”，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
9．答案：enabled
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：该装置可以使弓箭手将弓弦挂在弓上，用腿抵住弓。陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填enabled。
10．答案：were built
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：后来制造了可以同时发射多支箭的、更大的弩。陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语crossbows和build之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语crossbows是复数，be动词应用were。故填were built。
Ⅳ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Dannis was waiting at the airline ticket counter when he first noticed the young woman with shiny black hair pulled tightly into a knot. She wore black boots of soft leather. Dannis struggled to see her face. She was ahead of him in line, but it was not until she bought her ticket and turned to walk away that he realized her beauty, which was fair skinned and big eyed. She seemed aware that he was staring at her and lowered her gaze abruptly.
His flight was leaving in an hour. To kill time, Dannis stepped into an airport bar and ordered a Scotch. While sipping it, he watched the flow of travelers through the terminal (航站楼) until he caught sight of the black haired girl in the leather coat again, deep in conversation with a blonde girl. “Invite her for a drink？” Dannis hesitated. In another instant, the two women separated, neither of whose directions was toward him.
When next he saw her, Dannis was buying a magazine and became aware someone was pushing him. At first, he was startled (受惊吓的) that anyone would be so close as to touch him, but when he saw who it was, he smiled.
“Busy place，” Dannis said.
She looked up at him and blushed. Wordlessly, she moved away and joined the crowds in the terminal.
Dannis was at the counter with his magazine, but when he reached into his pocket for his wallet, the pocket was empty. Where could I have left it His mind was racing, the credit cards, the cash, the identification card ... His stomach stirred with something very like fear. “The girl who was so near to me！” he said to himself. All at once he understood she had picked his pocket. What shall he do
First, find a policeman, tell him what has happened. He would probably never see his wallet again. Dannis gritted his teeth. When glancing around for the police, suddenly, he spotted the black haired girl, seated against a front window of the terminal. She seemed absorbed in a book.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
A seat beside her was empty, and Dannis occupied it. The girl ran and Dannis ran after her.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Dannis (丹尼斯)在机场注意到一位漂亮的黑发女孩，并且因为人潮拥挤觉得是女孩偷走自己的钱包。Dannis之后又发现了这个女孩，他会说些什么？Dannis的钱包是这个女孩偷的吗？
[精彩范文]
A seat beside her was empty, and Dannis occupied it. He felt a wave of anger swept over him. “Where is my wallet？” he yelled. The black haired girl glanced up from her reading, with a confused look on her face. Dannis stood up, glared at her and shouted, “You stole my wallet！” The crowds began to gossip. The girl turned deadly pale, looking so restless that words failed her. A strange silence hung in the air. Abruptly, she leaped from the seat.
The girl ran and Dannis ran after her. After a while, Dannis finally grabbed her by the arm. At exactly that moment, a policeman approached them and asked what had happened. Dannis hastened to explain it while the girl frowned with a shake of her head. After further enquiries, the policeman took out a wallet and handed it to Dannis, adding that someone had found it in the toilet. What a mistake he had made! Overwhelmed by guilt, Dannis made an apology to the girl.
23(共92张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
４
课前预习自检
The Words That Changed A Nation
改变了一个国家的演说
On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863, a tall, thin man mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and began to speak.
1863年11月19日，一个灰蒙蒙的下午，在宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡的一块空地上，一个高大瘦削的男人登上了讲台，开始演说。
The place was the site of a recent battle where thousands of soldiers had died.
这个地方是最近一场战斗的地点，数千名士兵牺牲于此。
The man was Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, and he was there in memory of the soldiers who had died.
这个人是美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯，他在那里是为了纪念死去的士兵。
The speech he gave was just 268 words long and lasted two minutes.
他做的演讲只有268个字，持续了两分钟。
But this address to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.
但这次对群众的演讲改变了他的人民的想法，帮助塑造了一个国家。
词句自测
①_________ v. 走上，登上
②“分句(The man ... America)＋and＋分句(he was ... died)”。本句是_______连接的并列复合句。in memory of ... had died是介词短语作状语，who had died是_______从句，修饰soldiers。
mount
and
定语
At that time, America was bitterly divided.
在那时，美国分崩离析。
For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war between the slave owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union.
两年来，该国人民一直深陷拥护奴隶制的南部联邦和“自由”的北方联盟之间的内战之中。
The worst battle lasted three days and took place at Gettysburg in 1863.
最惨烈的战斗持续了三天，于1863年发生在葛底斯堡。
The Union side won, but at a great cost.
联盟方赢得了胜利，但付出了巨大的代价。
Over 50，000 soldiers were killed or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose.
50，000多名士兵伤亡，人们失去了希望和目标。
What was all this suffering for
遭受这些苦难究竟是为了什么呢？
词句自测
③__________ adj. 公民的，国民的
④__________ 内战
⑤__________ n. 奴隶
⑥__________ adj. (美国内战期间)南部联邦的
⑦__________ n. 联邦
civil
civil war
slave
confederate
union
Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people.
林肯理解平民百姓的感受。
His speech gave them hope, belief and a reason to look to the future.
他的演说给了他们希望、信念和展望未来的理由。
He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.
他让他们对美利坚合众国应成为的样子有了一个新的认识，这是基于87年前美国开国元勋们所确立的理想。
It was what the soldiers had died for.
那也是战士们为之献出生命的原因。
Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步步走向人类的平等。
词句自测
⑧__________ adj. 平民的；百姓的
⑨__________ n. 分歧，分裂
⑩“主(He)谓(gave)＋间接宾语(them)＋直接宾语(a new vision of ... should be)”。what the United ... should be是________从句；based on ... before是过去分词短语作__________，set down ... before作ideals的___________。
civilian
division
宾语
后置定语
后置定语
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家，这个新的国家在自由中孕育，致力于人人生而平等的理想。
词句自测
_____________ 使产生，使出现
____________ v. 构想，设想
__________ n. 自由
__________ v. 致力于，献身于
bring forth
conceive
liberty
dedicate
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure.
现在我们正在进行一场伟大的内战，考验这个国家或者任何一个在自由中孕育，信奉人人生而平等的主张的国家是否能够长久地存在下去。
We are met here on a great battlefield of that war.
现在我们聚集在这场内战的一个重要战场上。
We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.
我们来到这里，是为了把这里的一部分土地献给那些为了国家存续而献出自己生命的人，作为他们最终的安息之地。
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
我们这样做是完全应当且非常恰当的。
词句自测
_________ v. 持续存在
____________ n. 战场
__________ n. 一部分
__________adv. 完全
“主(We)谓(have come)”。to dedicate ... might live作__________；who here ... might live是_______从句，修饰those；其中第一个that实为so that引导目的状语从句。
endure
battlefield
portion
altogether
目的状语
定语
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow this ground.
但是，从更广泛意义上来说，我们不能献出——我们不能圣化——我们不能神化这块土地。
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.
曾经在这里战斗过的勇士们，无论活着的还是死去的，已经圣化了这片土地，这远不是我们渺小的力量所能增减的。
The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here.
世界不会留意，也不会长久记住我们在这里所说的话，但永远不会忘记他们在这里所做的事情。
词句自测
____________ v. 宣布……为神圣之处
21 __________v. 使成为神圣
22 _________ v. 减低，破坏，损害
23 “主(The brave men)谓(have consecrated)宾(it)”。后置定语living and dead和定语从句who struggled here都修饰主语The brave men; far above ... detract作_______；to add or detract是不定式短语作power的_____________。
consecrate
hallow
detract
状语
后置定语
It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on.
对我们这些活着的人来说，更应该在这里献身于他们长久以来如此高尚地推进的、尚未完成的事业。
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
倒不如说，我们应该在这里献身于摆在我们面前的伟大任务——从这些光荣的逝者身上汲取更多的信仰，来投身于他们为之竭尽最后一丝力量的事业——我们在这里下最大的决心，不让逝者白白失去生命；要让国家获得自由的新生；要使民有、民治、民享的政府永存。
(“The Gettysburg Address” by Abraham Lincoln)
(《葛底斯堡演讲》——亚伯拉罕·林肯)
词句自测
24 __________adv. 高尚地，崇高地
25 __________ 白白地
26 __________v. 死亡
nobly
in vain
perish
重点合作探究
1 division n. 分歧，分裂(教材P58)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①We shall not let such a small matter divide us.
我们决不会让这么一个小问题分裂我们。
②A sentence can be divided up into meaningful segments.
一个句子可以划分为有意义的各个部分。
③Let's divide the cake between/among us.
我们把这个蛋糕分了吃吧。
(1)单句语法填空
①Remove the meat with a fork and divide it ________ four plates.
②White lines divide the playing area ________ sections.
(2)单句表达
我们将分割股东的钱。
We will ____________________________ the partners.
among
into
divide up the money between
2 dedicate v. 致力于，献身于(教材P59)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①She has dedicated much of her time to taking care of the old in the community.
她把自己的许多时间都献给了照顾社区里的老年人。
②The most honorable thing that I can do is to dedicate myself to my country and strive for my ideal.
我能做的最光荣的事就是献身祖国，为理想而奋斗。
③He is totally dedicated and brings out the best in his pupils.
他全身心地投入，最大限度地激发学生的潜能。
(1)单句语法填空
①He felt that medicine was the most important cause that he could dedicate himself ________．
②China will continue to be ___________ (dedicate) to promoting international cooperation in this area.
(2)单句表达
50多年来，樊锦诗一直致力于保护和研究敦煌石窟。
Fan Jinshi __________________________________________________________ the Dunhuang Caves for more than 50 years.
to
dedicated
has dedicated herself to/has been dedicated to protecting and researching
3 altogether adv. 完全(教材P59)
归纳拓展
①How come you forget it altogether
你怎么完全忘了啊？
②You owe me ￡68 altogether.
你一共欠我68英镑。
③Altogether it was a great vacation!
总的说来，这次度假开心极了！
名师点津
(1)all together是副词短语，意为“全体一起，全部在一起”，强调同时或在同一地点。
(2)altogether “完全，全部”，与completely, entirely, fully, wholly等为近义词，用于否定句时，表示部分否定。
(1)选词填空(all together/altogether)
①I don't ____________ agree with you.
②Put the plates _____________ in the sink.
(2)单句表达
火车越来越慢，最后完全停了。
The train went slower and slower until ______________________．
altogether
all together
it stopped altogether
in vain 白白地(教材P60)
归纳拓展
①I tried to persuade the patient, but in vain.
我尝试过劝那位病人，可是白费力气。
②They made vain attempts to reach the mountain top.
他们几次尝试想攀登山顶，都没成功。
单句语法填空
①Everything was done to discover the missing boy, but ________ vain.
②Sophia closed her eyes tightly in a vain attempt ________ (hold) back the tears.
③He shouted at them, ________ (vain) trying to attract their attention.
in
to hold
vainly
1 The place was the site of a recent battle where thousands of soldiers had died. (教材P58)这里曾是一片战场，数千名士兵牺牲于此。
剖析 where 引导定语从句，修饰the site of a recent battle，在从句中充当地点状语。
归纳拓展
①The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where (at which) a good impression is a must.
在日常交流中这本书对我帮助很大，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。
②Students should involve themselves in community activities where (in which) they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该积极参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
③Care of the soul is a gradual process where (in which) even the small details of life should be considered.
心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。
名师点津
定语从句的解题步骤：第一步：找出主句；第二步：找出被修饰词，即先行词；第三步：找出定语从句；第四步：判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，如作主语、宾语、表语，需从关系代词who, whom, that, which中选择；如作定语，需从whose, of which或of whom中选择；如作状语，需从关系副词when, why, where中选择。
(1)单句语法填空
①We're just trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk.
②Remember that there is still one point ________ we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
(2)单句表达
在一个年复一年生活没有什么变化的社会，语言也同样不会有变化。
In a society ________________________ year after year with few changes, the language does not change, either.
where
which
where life continues
2 He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before. (教材P58)他给予了美国人民一个新的愿景，那就是依照87年前开国元勋的理念，美利坚合众国本应成为的样子。
剖析 what引导宾语从句，在从句中作be的表语。
归纳 拓展
①All of us have already known what she will choose is the opportunity to go abroad.
我们都已经知道她将选择的是出国的机会。
②What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
过去认为不可能的事现在已经变成了现实。
单句表达
①让她担心的是她儿子沉迷于电脑游戏。
______________________ was that her son was addicted to computer games.
②这就是我想告诉你的事情。
This is __________________ you.
③我不知道下一步我们该干什么。
I don't know ____________________________．
What worried her
what I want to tell
what we should do next
3 Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind. (教材P58)现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步一步朝着实现人类平等而努力。
剖析 It is up to sb to do sth为固定句式，意为“由某人决定做某事，做某事是……的职责(或责任)”。
归纳 拓展
①It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
通过注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们大家，即道路使用者。
②Life provides you with time and space. It's up to you to fill it.
生命提供给你时间与空间。(如何)填满它由你决定。
③He is not up to the job.
他无法胜任这项工作。
名师点睛
巧记up to：多到达到一直到，忙于胜任做决定。
(1)单句语法填空
①It's up to you __________ (decide) who is up to the job.
②Call in, or ring us up; it's up ________ you.
(2)单句表达
不用担心；他能胜任你为他提供的这份工作。
Don't worry; he ____________ the job you offered him.
to decide
to
is up to
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．His objective was to kill the space station project ___________ (完全)．
2．The ________ (分歧) between the prosperous west and the impoverished east remains.
3．But ________ (平民的) applications such as search and rescue, he thinks, are likely to be as important as military and security ones.
4．If you ________ (设想) a plan or idea, you think of it and work out how it can be done.
5．Somehow the language ________ (持续存在) and continues to survive.
altogether
division
civilian
conceive
endures
6．There is no doubt that the best prize in life is the opportunity to d________ to a cause worthy of dedication.
7．Some c________ cases can be settled out of court.
8．If you m________ the stairs or a platform, you go up the stairs or go up onto the platform.
9．There is no formal confirmation so far that he is at l________．
10．Civilizations do eventually decline and p________．
edicate
ivil
ount
iberty
erish
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It helps to have ___________ (influent) friends.
2．She ________ (noble) did my work as well as hers while I was ill.
3．I see that I am speaking ________ vain to make him change his mind.
4．It is no use ____________ (quarrel) with him.
5．He had taught me three years ________ I was taken out of the mountains.
6．The report can be conveniently divided ________ three main sections.
influential
nobly
in
quarrelling
before
into
7．Four and a half hours of discussion took us up ________ midnight, and a break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
8．I worry about ________ he can pass through the crisis of his illness or not.
9．The last thing they want is to work in the red areas ________ life is hard.
10．I don't like work and nobody does, I think, but I like ________ is in the work—the chance to find myself.
to
whether
where
what
in memory of; in vain; be engaged in; dedicate to; bring forth
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．I tried to explain the problem to him, but _______. He still doesn't understand it.
2．These efforts will surely ____________ good fruit.
3．The congress opened with a minute's silence ____________ those who died in the struggle.
4．People who are honest, ____________ their work and have integrity are welcome.
5．We _______________ both export and import business.
in vain
bring forth
in memory of
dedicated to
are engaged in
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．她试图向他指出他的做法不公正，但无济于事。
She tried ____________ to point out to him the unfairness of his actions.
2．生活就像一个杯子，它是一个饮料杯还是一个牙刷杯由你来决定。
Life is like a cup, and _______________ to decide whether it's a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup.
3．我们还没有决定是否去逛街。
We haven't decided ____________________ go shopping ____________．
in vain
it's up to you
whether we will
or not
4．今天的生活与20年前是多么地不同啊！(what引导宾语从句)
How different life today is __________________ twenty years ago!
5．当孩子们对新环境不适应时，父母们应多加关注。(where 引导定语从句)
Parents should pay attention to the cases ________________________________ (in) adapting to new surroundings.
from what it was
where their children have difficulty
课后课时作业
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比25%) 拔高题(占比25%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★★★
Ⅰ 阅读
“I am not crazy，” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国兽医William Farber (威廉·法伯)利用中西医结合的整体医学疗法治疗动物并取得了良好疗效的故事。
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job.”
1．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him
A．He's odd. B．He's strict.
C．He's brave. D．He's rude.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”可知，Farber的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法，由此可推知，Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪。故选A。
2．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A．He was trained in it at university.
B．He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C．He benefited from it as a patient.
D．He wanted to save money for pet owners.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Farber尝试针灸治疗之后背痛得到了缓解，所以他认为针灸治疗似乎也可以应用到宠物身上，也就是说他自己作为病人从针灸治疗中获得了益处，所以决定把针灸应用到宠物身上。故选C。
3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
解析：段落大意题。本段主要介绍了两只动物经过Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Farber的整体医学疗法所取得的效果。故选D。
4．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A．To prove Farber's point.
B．To emphasize its importance.
C．To praise veterinarians.
D．To advocate animal protection.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he may be right: Since 1982 ... grown from 30 to over 700”可推知，作者提到该组织是为了证明Farber的观点是正确的。故选A。
Ⅱ 完形填空
During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion. In a general __1__ of self introductions, I introduced myself in a(n) __2__ way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor supplemented (补充) my self introduction to __3__ American standards, saying I was one of the world's experts on the __4__. In response, I looked down in __5__ and thought that “expert” was a big word.
When I lived in North Carolina, my new friends came over to __6__. Conversations were full of interest and energy, and there was a lot of __7__. At the end of the evening, when my guests left, they thanked me for the dinner. My heart __8__， because I was born and raised in the Netherlands, where “thanking you for dinner” means the relationship is __9__．
Emotions are different enough to feel out of __10__ when you move from one culture to another. The professor at the University of Michigan meant to make me feel __11__， but instead made me uncomfortable. My friends meant to show __12__， but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个土生土长的荷兰人，在与美国人交流时发现了身处不同文化中的人表达情感的方式也不同。
We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us, but in __13__， our emotions happen in interactions with others. In my own culture, it was hard to observe the __14__ emotions of others, but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a different __15__ from where I was raised.
1．A.analysis B．state
C．letter D．round
解析：analysis 分析；state 状态；letter 信；round 轮次。根据上文“asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion”和下文“of self introductions”可知，作者参加了一个研讨会，在会上大家依次做一轮自我介绍。故选D。
2．A.modest B．interesting
C．dramatic D．proud
解析：根据下文“as one of those who are ‘interested in culture and emotion’”和“saying I was one of the world's experts”可知，作者介绍自己的时候说自己只是一个对文化和情感感兴趣的人，而教授却说作者是专家，由此可知，作者介绍自己的时候非常谦虚。故选A。
3．A.set B．fit
C．evaluate D．recommend
解析：句意：这位教授补充了我的自我介绍，以符合美国的标准，说我是世界上关于这个话题的专家之一。set 设置；fit 符合；evaluate 评估；recommend 推荐。根据下文“American standards”可知，这位教授补充作者的自我介绍是为了更符合美国人说话的习惯。故选B。
4．A.approach B．situation
C．topic D．course
5．A.curiosity B．pity
C．disappointment D．embarrassment
解析： approach 方式；situation 情况；topic 话题；course 课程，讲座。根据上文“a seminar on culture and emotion”可知，作者参加的是关于文化和情感的研讨会，所以此处指作者是关于这个研讨会话题的专家。故选C。
解析： curiosity 好奇心；pity 遗憾；disappointment 失望；embarrassment 尴尬，窘迫。根据下文“and thought that ‘expert’ was a big word”可知，作者觉得“专家”是一个很大的词，用“专家”来形容自己显得太过了，因此感觉很尴尬。故选D。
6．A.play B．dine
C．work D．perform
7．A.support B．noise
C．fun D．argument
解析：句意：当我住在北卡罗来纳州时，我的新朋友们来家里吃饭。play 玩；dine 吃饭，进餐；work 工作；perform 表演，履行。根据下文“they thanked me for the dinner”可知，作者的新朋友来作者家里吃饭。故选B。
解析：句意：谈话充满了兴趣和活力，也充满了乐趣。support 支持；noise 噪音；fun 快乐，乐趣；argument 争吵，争辩。根据上文“full of interest and energy”可知，作者和朋友们的谈话充满了乐趣。故选C。
8．A.sank B．melted
C．raced D．opened
解析：句意：我的心一沉，因为我在荷兰出生并长大，在那里，“谢谢你的饭”意味着关系很疏远。sink 下沉；melt (使)熔化，融化；race 参加比赛；open 打开。根据下文“My friends meant ... themselves from me.”可知，在作者的国家荷兰，“谢谢你的饭”意味着关系疏远，所以作者听到客人们的感谢后心情低落。故选A。
9．A.harmonious B．normal
C．strong D．distant
10．A.date B．shape
C．place D．sight
解析：harmonious 和谐的；normal 正常的；strong 强壮的；distant 疏远的，遥远的。根据下文“they made me think they were distancing themselves from me”可知，在作者的文化中，感谢别人的饭说明关系很疏远。故选D。
解析：out of date 过时的；out of shape 变形的；不健康的；out of place 格格不入；out of sight 看不见。根据下文“when you move from one culture to another”并结合上文作者与美国人打交道的两件事可知，作者从一种文化进入到另一种文化，两种文化表达感情的方式不同，让人感觉格格不入。故选C。
11．A.reliable B．good
C．serious D．careful
12．A.gratitude B．respect
C．admiration D．affection
解析：reliable 可靠的；good 好的；serious 严肃的；careful 小心的。根据下文“but instead made me uncomfortable”可知，句意发生转折，设空处表达内容应和uncomfortable相反，因此此处指教授的本意是想让作者感觉良好。故选B。
解析：gratitude 感激，感谢；respect 尊重；admiration 羡慕；赞赏；affection 喜爱，钟爱。根据上文“they thanked me for the dinner”可知，此处指朋友们本意是想表示感激。故选A。
13．A.total B．advance
C．detail D．reality
14．A.unbelievable B．pure
C．invisible D．powerful
解析： in total 总共；in advance 提前；in detail 详细地；in reality 事实上。根据上文“We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us”可知，此处是将我们认为的和实际情况相比较。故选D。
解析： unbelievable 难以置信的；pure 纯粹的；invisible 看不见的，无形的；powerful 强有力的。根据下文“but I was able to see them”可知，下文说作者能看见别人的情感，且根据but可知，设空处与下文内容相反，表示的是作者很难看到这些无形的情感。故选C。
15．A.level B．culture
C．standard D．value
解析：根据上文“In my own culture”并结合全文可知，美国的文化与作者长大的地方的文化不同。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The concept of the crossbow (弩) developed from animal traps. __1__ is difficult to establish the date of the first development of the crossbow as a weapon. A scientist named E．M. Grosser discovered a bronze pistol like version __2__ Robert Templel said could have been from the “eighth or ninth century BC or even __3__ (early)．” There are references to the crossbow in China in the sixth century BC. By the fourth century BC military leaders were relying __4__ (strong) on crossbow armed forces. One Han prince spoke in 336 BC of having __5__ (thousand) of crossbows for his army.
The crossbow had the advantage of not only __6__ (send) an arrow with enough force to cut through body armor (盔甲) __7__ its arrows, being short, could not be shot back by bowmen. Over the decades the crossbow was improved upon. The trigger (触发) mechanisms were cast out of bronze and became as complicated as those of a modern gun. Rectangular frames (矩形框架) were attached to the front and back of the crossbow as sights __8__ (make) it easier to aim.
The strength of the bow on a crossbow made it difficult to prepare for firing. This device __9__ (enable) the bowman to hook the bowstring over the bow and use his legs to push against the bow. Later larger crossbows __10__ (build) to shoot multiple arrows at a time.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了弩的来历、发展、工作原理以及在军事上的应用。
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
1．答案：It
2．答案：which/that
解析：考查代词。it is＋adj.＋to do sth “做某事是……”，为固定句型，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，且位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填It。
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a bronze pistol like version，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
3．答案：earlier
4．答案：strongly
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据even可知，此处应用形容词early的比较级。故填earlier。
解析：考查词性转换。句意：直到公元前4世纪，军队将领非常依赖弩兵。设空处应用副词，修饰动词短语rely on。故填strongly。
5．答案：thousands
6．答案：sending
解析：考查数词。句意：公元前336年，一个汉朝的天子曾说他的军队拥有成千上万的弩。thousands of “成千上万的”。故填thousands。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用动名词sending作介词of的宾语。故填sending。
7．答案：but
8．答案：to make
解析：考查连词。句意：弩的优势不仅在于可以射出足够力道的箭来刺穿盔甲，而且还在于它的箭很短，弓箭手无法反击。not only ... but (also) ...“不但……而且……”，其中also可省略。故填but。
解析：考查非谓语动词。“矩形框架被安装在弩的前后作为瞄准镜”的目的是“使弩更容易瞄准”，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
9．答案：enabled
10．答案：were built
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：该装置可以使弓箭手将弓弦挂在弓上，用腿抵住弓。陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填enabled。
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：后来制造了可以同时发射多支箭的、更大的弩。陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语crossbows和build之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语crossbows是复数，be动词应用were。故填were built。
Ⅳ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Dannis was waiting at the airline ticket counter when he first noticed the young woman with shiny black hair pulled tightly into a knot. She wore black boots of soft leather. Dannis struggled to see her face. She was ahead of him in line, but it was not until she bought her ticket and turned to walk away that he realized her beauty, which was fair skinned and big eyed. She seemed aware that he was staring at her and lowered her gaze abruptly.
His flight was leaving in an hour. To kill time, Dannis stepped into an airport bar and ordered a Scotch. While sipping it, he watched the flow of travelers through the terminal (航站楼) until he caught sight of the black haired girl in the leather coat again, deep in conversation with a blonde girl. “Invite her for a drink？” Dannis hesitated. In another instant, the two women separated, neither of whose directions was toward him.
When next he saw her, Dannis was buying a magazine and became aware someone was pushing him. At first, he was startled (受惊吓的) that anyone would be so close as to touch him, but when he saw who it was, he smiled.
“Busy place，” Dannis said.
She looked up at him and blushed. Wordlessly, she moved away and joined the crowds in the terminal.
Dannis was at the counter with his magazine, but when he reached into his pocket for his wallet, the pocket was empty. Where could I have left it His mind was racing, the credit cards, the cash, the identification card ... His stomach stirred with something very like fear. “The girl who was so near to me！” he said to himself. All at once he understood she had picked his pocket. What shall he do
First, find a policeman, tell him what has happened. He would probably never see his wallet again. Dannis gritted his teeth. When glancing around for the police, suddenly, he spotted the black haired girl, seated against a front window of the terminal. She seemed absorbed in a book.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
A seat beside her was empty, and Dannis occupied it.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
The girl ran and Dannis ran after her.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Dannis (丹尼斯)在机场注意到一位漂亮的黑发女孩，并且因为人潮拥挤觉得是女孩偷走自己的钱包。Dannis之后又发现了这个女孩，他会说些什么？Dannis的钱包是这个女孩偷的吗？
[精彩范文]
A seat beside her was empty, and Dannis occupied it. He felt a wave of anger swept over him. “Where is my wallet？” he yelled. The black haired girl glanced up from her reading, with a confused look on her face. Dannis stood up, glared at her and shouted, “You stole my wallet！” The crowds began to gossip. The girl turned deadly pale, looking so restless that words failed her. A strange silence hung in the air. Abruptly, she leaped from the seat.
The girl ran and Dannis ran after her. After a while, Dannis finally grabbed her by the arm. At exactly that moment, a policeman approached them and asked what had happened. Dannis hastened to explain it while the girl frowned with a shake of her head. After further enquiries, the policeman took out a wallet and handed it to Dannis, adding that someone had found it in the toilet. What a mistake he had made! Overwhelmed by guilt, Dannis made an apology to the girl.
