Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!
一、核心短语归纳
the Water Festival 泼水节(泰国)
the Spring Festival 春节(中国)
the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节(中国)
the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节(中国)
the Lantern Festival 元宵节(中国)
throw water at each other 互相泼水
wash away bad things 冲走不好的东西
have good luck 有好运气
eat mooncakes 吃月饼
admire the full moon 赏月
lay out fruits and desserts 摆放水果和甜点
tell the story of Chang’e 讲述嫦娥的故事
shoot down the nine suns 射下九个太阳
give magic medicine 给予仙药
steal the medicine 偷药
fly up to the moon 飞上月球
put on weight 增重
sound like 听起来像
be similar to 与……相似
take place 发生;举行(无被动语态)
count down 倒计时
set off fireworks 燃放烟花
dress up 打扮;装扮
play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
give out 分发;散发
the ghost festival 鬼节(中元节)
in the shape of 呈……的形状
carry wishes to 传递祝福给……
traditional folk stories 传统民间故事
the most touching story 最感人的故事
on the eve of the festival 在节日前夕
get together 团聚
have a big dinner 吃一顿丰盛的晚餐
share happiness 分享快乐
in different areas 在不同地区
according to Chinese history 根据中国历史
ask for help 求助
in trouble 处于困境中
light the lanterns 点灯笼
rise into the air 升到空中
as bright symbols of 作为……的明亮象征
good wishes for 对……的美好祝愿
around the world 全世界
celebrate the New Year 庆祝新年
with special food 用特别的食物
二、核心考点归纳
(一)重点词汇详解
delicious
词性:形容词(adj.)
含义:美味的;可口的(强调食物味道好,让人有食欲)
常见搭配:delicious food 美味的食物;a delicious meal 一顿可口的饭
辨析:delicious 与 tasty(tasty 更口语化,可用于形容零食、小吃等,delicious 更正式,侧重“令人愉悦的美味”)
例句:
The mooncakes my mom made are delicious.(我妈妈做的月饼很美味。)
This dish is tasty, but that one is more delicious.(这道菜味道不错,但那道菜更可口。)
注意:delicious 无比较级和最高级(本身含“极致美味”含义,无需比较)
crowded
词性:形容词(adj.)
含义:拥挤的;挤满人的
派生词:crowd(n. 人群;v. 拥挤);uncrowded(adj. 不拥挤的)
常见搭配:a crowded street 拥挤的街道;be crowded with 挤满……
例句:
The train was so crowded that I couldn’t find a seat.(火车太拥挤了,我找不到座位。)
The square is crowded with people during the Spring Festival.(春节期间,这个广场挤满了人。)
stranger
词性:名词(n.)
含义:陌生人;外地人
派生词:strange(adj. 奇怪的;陌生的);strangely(adv. 奇怪地)
常见搭配:talk to a stranger 和陌生人说话;a stranger to sth. 对某事陌生的人
例句:
My mom told me not to accept gifts from strangers.(妈妈告诉我不要接受陌生人的礼物。)
He is a stranger to this city, so he needs a map.(他对这座城市很陌生,所以需要一张地图。)
relative
词性:名词(n.)/ 形容词(adj.)
含义:名词意为“亲戚;亲属”;形容词意为“相对的;相关的”
常见搭配:family relatives 亲戚;close relatives 近亲;relative to 与……相关的
例句:
We usually visit our relatives during the Spring Festival.(我们通常在春节期间拜访亲戚。)
The problem is relative to our daily life.(这个问题与我们的日常生活相关。)
lay
词性:动词(v.)
含义:摆放;放置;下(蛋);产卵(过去式/过去分词均为 laid,现在分词为 laying)
常见搭配:lay out 摆放;布置;lay eggs 下蛋;lay down 放下
辨析:lay 与 lie(lie 表示“躺;位于”时,过去式 lay,过去分词 lain;表示“说谎”时,过去式/过去分词均为 lied)
例句:
She laid out the fruits on the table before the guests came.(客人来之前,她把水果摆在了桌子上。)
The hen lays one egg every day.(这只母鸡每天下一个蛋。)
易错点:易混淆 lay 和 lie 的过去式,可记口诀“躺 lie,lay,lain;说谎 lie,lied,lied;放置 lay,laid,laid”
admire
词性:动词(v.)
含义:欣赏;钦佩;仰慕
常见搭配:admire the moon 赏月;admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人
派生词:admiration(n. 钦佩;赞赏);admirable(adj. 令人钦佩的)
例句:
People usually admire the full moon with their families on the Mid-Autumn Festival.(中秋节时,人们通常和家人一起赏月。)
We all admire him for his courage.(我们都钦佩他的勇气。)
steal
词性:动词(v.)
含义:偷;窃取(过去式 stole,过去分词 stolen,现在分词 stealing)
常见搭配:steal sth. from sb./sp. 从某人/某地偷某物;steal a glance 偷看一眼
辨析:steal 与 rob(rob 强调“抢劫”,搭配为 rob sb. of sth.;steal 强调“偷窃”小件物品,搭配为 steal sth. from sb.)
例句:
A thief stole my wallet from my bag yesterday.(昨天一个小偷从我包里偷走了钱包。)
They robbed the bank of a lot of money last month.(他们上个月抢劫了银行很多钱。)
express
词性:动词(v.)/ 名词(n.)
含义:动词意为“表达;表示”;名词意为“表情;表达方式”
常见搭配:express one’s feelings 表达某人的感受;express thanks 表示感谢;an expression of joy 快乐的表情
派生词:expression(n. 表情;表达);expressive(adj. 善于表达的)
例句:
He expressed his love for his mother through a handwritten letter.(他通过一封手写的信表达了对母亲的爱。)
Her face showed an expression of surprise when she heard the news.(听到这个消息时,她脸上露出了惊讶的表情。)
take place
词性:动词短语(无被动语态)
含义:发生;举行(强调“有计划、有安排地发生”,主语多为事件、会议、节日等)
辨析:take place 与 happen(happen 强调“偶然发生”,主语多为事故、意外等;take place 强调“计划性”)
例句:
The Dragon Boat Festival takes place on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.(端午节在农历五月初五举行。)
A car accident happened on this road yesterday.(昨天这条路上发生了一起车祸。)
拓展:take the place of 代替……;in place of 代替
spread
词性:动词(v.)/ 名词(n.)
含义:动词意为“传播;展开;蔓延”;名词意为“传播;范围”
常见搭配:spread news 传播消息;spread out 展开;the spread of... ……的传播
过去式/过去分词:spread(不规则变化,与原形一致)
例句:
The story of Chang’e spread quickly in China.(嫦娥的故事在中国很快传播开来。)
She spread out the map on the table to find the way.(她把地图铺在桌子上找路。)
(二)核心语法解析
1. 宾语从句(that/if/whether引导)
语法含义:Unit 2重点强化“表达观点、猜测或不确定”的宾语从句,主要由that、if、whether引导,用于传递对节日的看法、对事件的判断。
(1)that引导的宾语从句(陈述事实,表达确定观点)
用法:that无实际含义,在口语或非正式文体中可省略;从句用陈述语序(主语+谓语)。
常见主句动词:think、believe、know、say、find、hope等。
例句:
I think (that) mooncakes are the most delicious food during the Mid-Autumn Festival.(我认为月饼是中秋节最美味的食物。)
She believes (that) the story of Chang’e is very touching.(她认为嫦娥的故事很感人。)
否定转移:当主句主语为第一人称(I/we),且主句谓语为think、believe、suppose等时,否定词需转移到主句,从句保持肯定。
正确:I don’t think (that) the Water Festival is too crowded.(我不认为泼水节太拥挤。)
错误:I think (that) the Water Festival isn’t too crowded.
(2)if/whether引导的宾语从句(表达“是否”,不确定的判断)
用法:if和whether均表示“是否”,从句用陈述语序;if不可与or not连用,whether可与or not连用。
常见主句动词:wonder、ask、want to know、be not sure等。
例句:
I wonder if/whether they will have zongzi again next year.(我想知道他们明年是否还会吃粽子。)
He asked whether the Lantern Festival is celebrated in Jiangxi or not.(他问江西是否庆祝元宵节。)
拓展:whether可用于介词后或不定式前,if不可。
正确:We are talking about whether we should go to the festival.(我们在讨论是否应该去参加这个节日。)
错误:We are talking about if we should go to the festival.
2. 感叹句(What/How引导)
语法含义:用于表达对节日活动、食物、氛围的强烈情感(喜爱、赞叹、惊讶等),分为What和How两种结构。
(1)What引导的感叹句(修饰名词)
基本结构:
What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语+谓语)!(形容词以辅音音素开头用a,元音音素开头用an)
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + (主语+谓语)!
例句:
What a delicious mooncake it is!(多么美味的月饼啊!)
What beautiful lanterns they are!(多么漂亮的灯笼啊!)
What fun the Dragon Boat races are!(龙舟比赛多么有趣啊!)
(2)How引导的感叹句(修饰形容词/副词/动词)
基本结构:
How + 形容词/副词 + (主语+谓语)!
How + 主语 + 动词!(修饰动词时,动词需为实义动词)
例句:
How delicious the mooncakes are!(月饼多么美味啊!)
How fast the dragon boats run!(龙舟划得多快啊!)
How we love the Spring Festival!(我们多么喜欢春节啊!)
(3)What与How引导的感叹句转换
规则:将What修饰的名词短语转化为How修饰的形容词/副词,保持句意不变。
例句:
What a pretty dress it is! = How pretty the dress is!(多么漂亮的裙子啊!)
What interesting stories they are! = How interesting the stories are!(多么有趣的故事啊!)
(三)重点句型解析
I think that mooncakes are delicious.
句型含义:表达对事物的肯定观点,“我认为……是……的”,that引导宾语从句,可省略。
拓展:替换主句动词和从句内容,可用于表达对节日、活动、食物的各种看法。
I believe that the Dragon Boat Festival is very exciting.(我认为端午节非常令人兴奋。)
She says that the Lantern Festival in Jiangxi is beautiful.(她说江西的元宵节很美。)
语气变化:若要表达否定观点,需用“否定转移”,如“I don’t think that...”(我认为……不……)。
What do you like best about the Mid-Autumn Festival
句型含义:询问对方“最喜欢某个节日的什么方面”,用于了解他人对节日的偏好。
答语结构:I like...best about... / My favorite part about...is...
例句:
A: What do you like best about the Spring Festival (你最喜欢春节的什么?)
B: I like getting red envelopes best. / My favorite part is having dinner with my family.(我最喜欢收红包。/ 我最喜欢的部分是和家人一起吃年夜饭。)
拓展:可替换节日名称,如the Water Festival、the Dragon Boat Festival等。
How do people celebrate the Water Festival
句型含义:询问“人们如何庆祝某个节日”,用于了解节日的传统活动。
答语结构:People celebrate...by doing sth. / They usually...during...
例句:
A: How do people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival (人们如何庆祝端午节?)
B: They celebrate it by eating zongzi and watching dragon boat races.(他们通过吃粽子和看龙舟比赛来庆祝。)
拓展:可添加地点状语,如“In China, people celebrate...by...”(在中国,人们通过……庆祝……)。
It is said that Hou Yi shot down the nine suns.
句型含义:“据说……”,用于引用民间传说、历史故事或普遍流传的观点,it为形式主语,真正主语是that引导的从句。
同义结构:People say that...(人们说……)
例句:
It is said that Chang’e flew up to the moon after taking the magic medicine.(据说嫦娥吃了仙药后飞上了月球。)
It is said that the Mid-Autumn Festival has a history of over 2,000 years.(据说中秋节有两千多年的历史了。)
拓展:类似句型还有“It is believed that...”(人们认为……),如“It is believed that mooncakes stand for family reunion.”(人们认为月饼象征着家庭团聚。)
What fun the Water Festival is! / How pretty the dragon boats were!
句型含义:感叹句,分别用What和How表达对节日“有趣程度”和“龙舟外观”的赞叹。
用法:What修饰不可数名词fun,How修饰形容词pretty。
例句:
What joy it is to get together with family during the Spring Festival!(春节和家人团聚多么快乐啊!)
How exciting the dragon boat races are!(龙舟比赛多么令人兴奋啊!)
注意:fun为不可数名词,前面不可加a/an;感叹句末尾用感叹号,语气要强烈。
(四)易错点与拓展
1. 易混淆词汇辨析
(1)lonely / alone
lonely:形容词,意为“孤独的;偏僻的”,强调“情感上的孤独”或“地点的偏僻”,可作表语或定语。
例句:She felt lonely when she was alone at home.(她独自在家时感到孤独。);a lonely village(一个偏僻的村庄)
alone:形容词/副词,意为“独自的/地;单独的/地”,强调“客观上独自一人”,作形容词时仅作表语,作副词时修饰动词。
例句:He lives alone in the city.(他独自在城市生活。);She is alone but not lonely.(她独自一人,但不感到孤独。)
(2)late / lately
late:形容词/副词,意为“迟的/地;晚的/地”,表示“时间上的延迟”。
例句:He was late for the festival party.(他参加节日派对迟到了。);She went to bed late last night.(她昨晚睡得很晚。)
lately:副词,意为“最近;近来”,相当于recently,常用于现在完成时或一般过去时。
例句:Have you been to any festivals lately (你最近去过什么节日活动吗?);Lately, he has been interested in the Lantern Festival.(最近,他对元宵节很感兴趣。)
(3)put on / wear / dress / in
put on:强调“穿”的动作,后接衣物名词,不可持续。
例句:She put on her new dress to go to the Spring Festival party.(她穿上新裙子去参加春节派对。)
wear:强调“穿”的状态,可持续,后接衣物、饰品等。
例句:People wear new clothes during the Spring Festival.(人们在春节期间穿新衣服。)
dress:强调“给某人穿衣服”,宾语为人,常用搭配dress sb. / dress oneself / be dressed in。
例句:The mother dressed her child in red for the festival.(妈妈给孩子穿红色衣服过节。)
in:介词,后接颜色或衣物,强调状态,需与be动词连用。
例句:She is in a red coat today.(她今天穿了一件红色外套。)
2. 短语易错点
(1)lay out / lie out
lay out:“摆放;布置”,lay为及物动词,过去式/过去分词为laid,主语通常是人。
正确:They laid out the mooncakes on the table.(他们把月饼摆在了桌子上。)
错误:They lied out the mooncakes on the table.
lie out:无此固定短语,lie表示“躺”时,短语为lie down(躺下),不可与out搭配表达“摆放”。
(2)take place / happen
共同点:均表示“发生”,无被动语态,主语为事件。
不同点:take place强调“有计划、有安排”,happen强调“偶然、意外”。
正确:The school festival takes place every October.(学校节日每年十月举行。)(有计划)
正确:An accident happened on the way to the festival.(去节日现场的路上发生了一场事故。)(意外)
错误:The Spring Festival happens in January or February.(应用takes place,春节是固定节日,有计划)
(3)admire / respect
admire:“欣赏;钦佩”,侧重因他人的优点、成就或行为而产生好感,搭配为admire sb. for sth.。
例句:We admire the ancient people for creating these wonderful festivals.(我们钦佩古人创造了这些精彩的节日。)
respect:“尊敬;尊重”,侧重因他人的地位、品德或年龄而表示敬意,搭配为respect sb. for sth.。
例句:We respect our elders for their wisdom about festival traditions.(我们尊敬长辈,因为他们对节日传统有智慧的见解。)
3. 文化背景拓展
Unit 2围绕“中外传统节日”展开,核心是通过节日文化传递语言知识,需理解中外节日的差异与共性:
(1)中国传统节日:春节(团聚、贴春联、放烟花)、端午节(纪念屈原、吃粽子、赛龙舟)、中秋节(赏月、吃月饼、家庭团聚),均与农历相关,强调“家庭、团圆、祈福”的文化内涵。
(2)外国节日:泰国泼水节(宋干节,4月13-15日,泼水祈福、洗去厄运)、美国感恩节(11月第四个周四,感恩丰收、家庭聚餐)、万圣节(10月31日,装扮鬼怪、不给糖就捣乱),侧重“文化传承、社区互动”。
(3)文化意义:教材中“the story of Chang’e” “Hou Yi shot down the nine suns”等故事,不仅是语言素材,更是中国传统文化的载体,学习时需理解故事背后“勇敢、忠诚、团圆”的价值观,如嫦娥奔月体现“对家人的思念”,后羿射日体现“为民除害的勇气”。
跨文化提示:在英语表达中,中国节日名称需加定冠词the(如the Spring Festival),外国节日部分加the(如the Mid-Autumn Festival)、部分不加(如Christmas、Halloween),需注意固定搭配。
(五)写作句型积累
My favorite Chinese festival is the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month every year.(我最喜欢的中国节日是中秋节。它在每年农历八月十五庆祝。)
During the Spring Festival, people usually do many interesting things, such as cleaning their houses, putting up red couplets, and having dinner with family.(春节期间,人们通常会做很多有趣的事,比如打扫房子、贴春联和与家人吃年夜饭。)
I like the Dragon Boat Festival best because I enjoy watching dragon boat races and eating delicious zongzi made by my grandma.(我最喜欢端午节,因为我喜欢看龙舟比赛,还喜欢吃奶奶做的美味粽子。)
It is said that the Water Festival in Thailand is similar to the Dai people’s Water Festival in Yunnan. People throw water at each other to wish for good luck.(据说泰国的泼水节和云南傣族的泼水节很相似。人们互相泼水以祈求好运。)
The most touching part about the Mid-Autumn Festival is that families get together to admire the full moon and share mooncakes.(中秋节最感人的部分是家人团聚,一起赏月、分享月饼。)
As we all know, mooncakes are in the shape of a full moon and carry people’s wishes to their loved ones.(众所周知,月饼呈满月的形状,承载着人们对亲人的祝福。)
If you have a chance to celebrate the Lantern Festival in Jiangxi, you will be surprised by the beautiful lanterns and interesting riddles.(如果你有机会在江西过元宵节,你会被漂亮的灯笼和有趣的灯谜惊艳到。)
Celebrating traditional festivals is important because it helps us remember our culture and pass it on to the next generation.(庆祝传统节日很重要,因为它帮助我们铭记文化,并把文化传承给下一代。)