Unit 1 How can we become good learners
一、核心短语归纳
study by doing sth. 通过做某事学习
work with friends 和朋友一起学习
make word cards 制作单词卡片
read the textbook 读课本
listen to tapes 听磁带
ask the teacher for help 向老师求助
read aloud 大声朗读
practice pronunciation 练习发音
read word groups 按意群阅读
guess a word’s meaning 猜测单词意思
look up (in a dictionary) 查阅(词典)
take notes 记笔记
make sentences 造句
pay attention to 注意;关注
connect...with... 把……和……连接起来
learn from mistakes 从错误中学习
be born with 天生具有
develop study skills 培养学习技能
create an interest in... 对……产生兴趣
think about 思考;考虑
for a long time 长时间
get bored 感到无聊
look for ways to 寻找……的方法
review notes 复习笔记
explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事
knowledge comes from questioning 知识源于质疑
lifelong journey 终身旅程
learn wisely 明智地学习
increase reading speed 提高阅读速度
improve writing skills 提高写作技能
memorize sentence patterns 记忆句型
keep a diary in English 用英语写日记
join an English club 加入英语俱乐部
have conversations with 与……交谈
take part in 参加
deal with 处理;应对
from time to time 时常;有时
bit by bit 一点一点地
wait until the last minute 等到最后一刻
prepare for tests 准备考试
二、核心考点归纳
(一)重点词汇详解
patient
词性:形容词(adj.)/ 名词(n.)
含义:形容词意为“有耐心的”;名词意为“病人”
常见搭配:be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心;be patient of sth. 容忍某事
派生词:patience(n. 耐心);impatient(adj. 没耐心的)
例句:
Our English teacher is always patient with us.(我们的英语老师对我们总是很有耐心。)
You need a lot of patience to learn a foreign language.(学习一门外语需要很大的耐心。)
secret
词性:名词(n.)/ 形容词(adj.)
含义:名词意为“秘密;秘诀”;形容词意为“秘密的;保密的”
常见搭配:the secret to... ……的秘诀;keep a secret 保守秘密;in secret 秘密地
例句:
What’s the secret to language learning (语言学习的秘诀是什么?)
She told me a secret about her family.(她告诉了我一个关于她家庭的秘密。)
discover
词性:动词(v.)
含义:发现;发觉
用法:强调发现原本存在但未被人知晓的事物
派生词:discovery(n. 发现)
辨析:discover 与 invent(invent 指“发明”原本不存在的事物)
例句:
Columbus discovered America in 1492.(哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。)
He discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.(他发现听有趣的东西是语言学习的秘诀。)
increase
词性:动词(v.)/ 名词(n.)
含义:增加;增长
常见搭配:increase speed 提高速度;increase by 增加了(后接百分比或具体数量);increase to 增加到(后接具体数值)
例句:
Reading more can increase your vocabulary.(多阅读能增加你的词汇量。)
The number of students in our class has increased by 10.(我们班的学生人数增加了10人。)
speed
词性:名词(n.)/ 动词(v.)
含义:名词意为“速度”;动词意为“加速”
常见搭配:at a high speed 高速;at full speed 全速;speed up 加速
例句:
He runs at a speed of 10 meters per second.(他以每秒10米的速度奔跑。)
You can read faster by increasing your reading speed.(你可以通过提高阅读速度来读得更快。)
review
词性:动词(v.)/ 名词(n.)
含义:回顾;复习
常见搭配:review notes 复习笔记;review lessons 复习功课;a review of... 对……的回顾/评论
例句:
I usually review what I’ve learned before going to bed.(我通常在睡觉前复习所学的内容。)
We need to do a review of Unit 1 before the test.(考试前我们需要复习第一单元。)
create
词性:动词(v.)
含义:创造;创建
派生词:creation(n. 创造;作品);creative(adj. 有创造力的)
常见搭配:create a new plan 制定新计划;create an interest 培养兴趣
例句:
Good learners often create an interest in what they learn.(优秀的学习者常常会对所学内容产生兴趣。)
The artist created a beautiful painting.(这位艺术家创作了一幅美丽的画。)
connect
词性:动词(v.)
含义:(使)连接;与……有联系
常见搭配:connect A with B 把A和B连接起来;connect to 连接到……
例句:
You can connect new words with something interesting to remember them better.(你可以把新单词和有趣的东西联系起来,以便更好地记忆。)
The bridge connects the two cities.(这座桥连接着两座城市。)
attention
词性:名词(n.)
含义:注意;关注
常见搭配:pay attention to 注意;关注(to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词);draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力;focus attention on 集中注意力在……上
例句:
Please pay attention to your pronunciation when speaking English.(说英语时请注意你的发音。)
The teacher’s story drew the students’ attention.(老师的故事吸引了学生们的注意力。)
knowledge
词性:名词(n.)
含义:知识;学问
用法:为不可数名词,不能直接用a/an修饰,表达“一门知识”用a piece of knowledge
常见搭配:gain knowledge 获取知识;spread knowledge 传播知识;have knowledge of 了解……
例句:
Knowledge is power.(知识就是力量。)
He has a wide knowledge of history.(他有广博的历史知识。)
(二)核心语法解析
1. “Verb + by + gerund” 结构(通过做某事做某事)
语法含义:表示“通过某种方式或手段做某事”,by为介词,后接动词时需用动名词形式(doing)
常见句型:
肯定句:主语 + 谓语 + by + doing sth.
疑问句:How + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + by + doing sth.
例句:
I learn English by listening to tapes.(我通过听磁带学习英语。)
How do you improve your writing I improve it by keeping a diary.(你如何提高写作?我通过写日记来提高。)
拓展:by的其他常见用法
表示“在……旁边”:There is a park by the river.(河边有一个公园。)
表示“乘坐(交通工具)”:He goes to school by bike.(他骑自行车去上学。)
表示“由……制作(能看出原材料)”:The table is made by wood.(这张桌子是木头做的。)
易错点:by后面接动名词,不能接动词原形。例如:正确表达“I study by reading”,错误表达“I study by read”
2. how引导的特殊疑问句(询问学习方法)
语法含义:用于询问做某事的方式、方法,回答时常用“by + doing sth.”结构
常见句型:
How do you learn... (你如何学习……?)
How can I improve... (我怎样才能提高……?)
例句:
How do you learn new words (你如何学习新单词?)
How can I read faster (我怎样才能读得更快?)
答语拓展:除了“by + doing sth.”,还可以用“by means of + doing sth.” “through + doing sth.”等表达,含义相近
She learns grammar through doing exercises.(她通过做练习学习语法。)
3. 情态动词can/could的用法(表示能力、建议)
表示能力:can 表示现在的能力,could 表示过去的能力或委婉的能力询问
例句:I can speak English fluently now.(我现在能流利地说英语。)
Could you speak English when you were a child (你小时候会说英语吗?)
表示建议:could 比 can 更委婉,常用于提出建议
例句:You could ask your teacher for help if you don’t understand.(如果你不明白,可以向老师求助。)
Could I improve my pronunciation by reading aloud (我可以通过大声朗读来提高发音吗?)
4. 宾语从句(that/if/whether引导)
语法含义:在复合句中作宾语的句子,Unit1中主要涉及由that、if、whether引导的宾语从句
that引导的宾语从句:表示陈述事实,that可省略
例句:I think (that) working with friends is a good way to learn.(我认为和朋友一起学习是一种好的学习方式。)
if/whether引导的宾语从句:表示“是否”,常置于wonder、ask等动词后,一般可互换,但whether可与or not连用,if不可
例句:I wonder if/whether they will have an English party next week.(我想知道他们下周是否会举办英语派对。)
She asked whether the teacher would help her with grammar or not.(她问老师是否会帮她补习语法。)
语序要求:宾语从句必须用陈述语序(主语 + 谓语)
正确表达:Do you know how I can improve my reading (你知道我怎样才能提高阅读吗?)
错误表达:Do you know how can I improve my reading
(三)重点句型解析
How do you learn English I learn by studying with a group.
句型含义:用于询问和回答学习英语的方式
拓展:替换句中的learn English和studying with a group,可适用于其他学科或学习活动
How do you learn math I learn by doing more exercises.(你如何学习数学?我通过多做练习学习。)
语气注意:问句用升调,答句用降调,口语中常省略多余成分,使表达更简洁
It’s too hard to understand spoken English.
句型结构:It’s + adj. + to do sth.(做某事是……的),it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to do sth.
拓展:可在adj.前加too、very、so等修饰词
It’s very important to practice speaking every day.(每天练习口语是非常重要的。)
It’s so easy to memorize these words.(记住这些单词太容易了。)
同义句转换:To understand spoken English is too hard.(理解英语口语太难了。),但原句更符合英语表达习惯
The more you read, the faster you’ll be.
句型结构:The + 比较级,the + 比较级(越……,越……)
用法:前半句为条件,后半句为结果,前后均用比较级形式
例句:The more you practice, the better you will do.(你练习得越多,做得就会越好。)
拓展:比较级部分可加修饰词much、even等
The more carefully you listen, the fewer mistakes you will make.(你听得越仔细,犯的错误就会越少。)
I find it difficult to learn English grammar.
句型结构:主语 + find/think/feel + it + adj. + to do sth.(某人发现/认为/觉得做某事是……的),it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是to do sth.
例句:She finds it easy to make friends with foreigners.(她发现和外国人交朋友很容易。)
拓展:可在adj.后加for sb.,表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”
We think it necessary for us to review lessons regularly.(我们认为定期复习功课对我们来说是必要的。)
It takes time to become a good learner.
句型结构:It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.(做某事花费(某人)多长时间)
例句:It takes me half an hour to read English every morning.(我每天早上花半小时读英语。)
同义句转换:Sb. spends some time (in) doing sth.
I spend half an hour reading English every morning.(与上句含义相同)
(四)易错点与拓展
1. 易混淆词汇辨析
(1)learn / study
learn:侧重“学会、掌握”某种技能、知识,强调学习的结果
例句:He learned to play the piano when he was five.(他五岁时学会了弹钢琴。)
study:侧重“学习、研究”的过程,常用于表示系统地学习学科、理论等
例句:She studies English literature at university.(她在大学里学习英国文学。)
联系:在表示“学习”时,有时可互换,但侧重点不同
例句:I am learning/studying English.(我正在学习英语。)
(2)aloud / loud / loudly
aloud:副词,强调“出声地”,常与read、speak等动词连用,侧重让别人听到
例句:Please read the text aloud.(请大声朗读课文。)
loud:形容词或副词,作副词时侧重“大声地、响亮地”,常用于talk、laugh等动词后
例句:She speaks loud enough for everyone to hear.(她说话足够大声,每个人都能听到。)
loudly:副词,侧重“喧闹地、大声地”,可用于任何场合,常含贬义
例句:They are talking loudly in the library.(他们在图书馆里大声说话。)
(3)mistake / error / fault
mistake:最常用,指因粗心、无知等造成的错误,可用于日常各种场合
例句:I made a mistake in the exam.(我在考试中犯了一个错误。)
error:较正式,指违反规则、标准造成的错误,常用于学术、科技等领域
例句:The computer program has an error.(这个电脑程序有一个错误。)
fault:指某人的过错、责任,或事物本身的缺陷
例句:It’s your fault that we missed the bus.(我们没赶上公交车是你的错。)
2. 短语易错点
(1)pay attention to:to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接动词原形
正确:Pay attention to spelling.(注意拼写。)
错误:Pay attention to spell.
(2)connect...with...:不能写成connect...to...,connect...to...更侧重“把……连接到某个具体事物上”
正确:Connect new knowledge with what you’ve learned.(把新知识和你所学的联系起来。)
错误:Connect new knowledge to what you’ve learned.
(3)look up:查阅单词时,代词作宾语需放在look和up之间,名词作宾语可放中间或后面
正确:Look it up in the dictionary.(在词典里查阅它。)
正确:Look up the word in the dictionary. / Look the word up in the dictionary.
3. 文化背景拓展
Unit1的主题是“如何成为优秀的学习者”,教材强调了“多听、多说、多读、多写、多记、多用”的学习方法,这与英语作为语言学科的特性密切相关。语言学习需要大量的输入(听、读)和输出(说、写),同时需要注重学习策略的培养。
教材中提到的“connect what you need to learn with something interesting”(将需要学习的内容与有趣的事物联系起来),体现了情境学习和兴趣驱动的教学理念,这也是国内外语言教学中广泛认可的有效方法。
西方教育中非常重视“questioning”(质疑)的能力,教材中“Knowledge comes from questioning”(知识源于质疑)这句话,反映了这种教育理念,鼓励学生在学习中主动思考、大胆提问。
(五)写作句型积累
As a good learner, I have some useful learning methods to share.(作为一名优秀的学习者,我有一些实用的学习方法想要分享。)
First of all, I learn by... Besides, I often... What’s more,...(首先,我通过……学习。此外,我经常……。而且,……。)
I think the most effective way to learn...is by doing...(我认为学习……最有效的方法是通过做……。)
If you find...difficult, you could try...(如果你发现……很难,你可以尝试……。)
In my opinion, it’s important to...because...(在我看来,……是很重要的,因为……。)
By doing these things, I have made great progress in my English study.(通过做这些事情,我的英语学习取得了很大的进步。)
I believe that as long as you keep practicing, you will become a good learner.(我相信只要你坚持练习,你就会成为一名优秀的学习者。)