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Unit 6 When disaster strikes
话题 做人与做事
功能 1.能听懂有关自然灾害的材料，能流利讲述自然灾害相关故事 2.能读懂纪实性语篇并提取关键信息 3.能以用英语描述灾害相关内容
单 词 1. ________________ 沙滩 2. ________________ 祖国 3. ________________ 暴风雨 4. ________________ 洪水，水灾 5. ________________ 警告，警示 6. ________________ （燃烧产生的）烟 7. ________________ 公共马车，四轮大马车 8. ________________ 一大批，一阵 9. ________________ 专家 10. ________________ 牛仔裤 11. ________________ 反应 12. ________________ 时间表 13. ________________ 工作日 14. ________________ 地，地面 15. ________________ 荣幸，光荣 16. ________________ 伤痛，伤害 17. ________________ 铁路，铁道 18. ________________ 海啸 19. ________________ （车、船等的）交通服务，班次 20. ________________ 时装业 21. ________________ 女主角，女主人公 22. ________________ 大学 23. ________________ 航空公司 24. ________________ （使）关（合）上，使关闭 25. ________________ 寻找；搜索，搜寻 26. ________________ 害怕的，恐惧的 27. ________________ 苗条的，修长的 28. ________________ 浓密的；混浊的 29. ________________ 惊人的，骇人的，令人难以置信的 30. ________________ 剧烈的；厉害的；非常严重的 31. ________________ 笔直地，成直线地 32. ________________ 她自己
词 汇 拓 展 1. ________________ 丢失（v.）→ ________________不复存在的；不再拥有的（adj.） 2. ________________ 流血，出血（v.）→ ________________血（n.） 3. ________________ 历史（n.）→ ________________ （有关）历史的（adj. 4. ________________ 危险（n.）→ ________________ 危险的，有危害的（adj.） 5. ________________ 舒服的（adj.）→ ________________ 不舒服的（adj.） 6. ________________勇气，胆量，勇敢（n.）→ ________________鼓励，激励（v.） → ________________令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的（adj.）
短 语 1. ________________ 流逝 2. ________________ 最重要的是 3. ________________ 不久之后 4. ________________ 大暴雨 5. ________________ 覆盖，蔓延 6. ________________ 把……变成…… 7. ________________ 吸引某人的注意 8. ________________ 充满，布满 9. ________________ 闭上眼睛 10. ________________ 振奋精神 11. ________________ 自然灾害 12. ________________ 历史记录 13. ________________ 爆发，突然发生 14. ________________ （警报）响起，爆炸 15. ________________ 向前直走 16. ________________ 感人的时刻 17. ________________ 鼓励的话语 18. ________________ 恢复到原来的状态 19. ________________ 没有……的想法 20. ________________ 勇敢面对某事 21. ________________ 一个做某事的机会 22. ________________ 使某人的梦想破灭 23. ________________ 跟着音乐一起唱 24. ________________ 从阴影中走出来 25. ________________ 从一边到另一边；左右地 26. ________________ 把……留在某处 27. ________________ 活在希望与恐惧之中 28. ________________ 在……的支持下
句 型 1. 我和我的母亲在庞贝城附近的一个小镇上住着。 My mother and I ________________ ________________in a town near Pompeii. 2. 那天晚上，我正在睡觉的时候地面剧烈地摇晃起来。 That night, I ________________ ________________ when the ground ________________ very hard. 3. 我妈妈让我别管她，继续走，但我拒绝把她丢下。 My mother asked me to continue without her, but I ________________ ________________ ________________ her behind. 4. 那片云如同洪水般在大地上方蔓延开来，我们仍继续前行。 We ________________ ________________ while the cloud ________________ ________________ over the land like a flood. 5. 空气中弥漫着浓浓的烟雾，火山灰开始纷纷扬扬地落下来。 The air ________________ ________________ ________________ smoke and ash ________________ to ________________ in heavy showers. 6. 中国是众多拥有灾害预警系统的国家之一。 China is ________________ of ________________ ________________ with disaster warning systems. 7. 在家人和朋友的支持下，牛钰慢慢地从阴影中走了出来。 ________________ the ________________ of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly came out from the shadows. 8. 她决定不再遮掩自己的那条腿。 She ________________ to ________________ hiding her leg. 9. 她完成了漫长的十年寻找自我的旅程。 She completed the hard 10-year journey of ________________ ________________ again. 10. 这是一个向人们展示勇敢的力量的好机会。 It is a good chance ________________ ________________ people the power of ________________ brave.
语法 过去进行时
写作 讲述经历自然灾害后勇敢走出阴霾的故事
知识点
考点1relate的用法
含义relate v.联系；使有联系
常见搭配：
relate… to…将……与……联系起来
relate to与······有关
I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.
我觉得很难把这两种想法在我脑海中联系在一起。
Can you relate your experience to the current situation
你能把你的经历和目前的情况联系起来吗？
The book relates to the history of the city.
这本书与这座城市的历史有关。
◆考点突破
1. We should always ______ theory ______ practice in our study.
A. relate; to
B. connect; with
C. join; to
D. link; from
2. This article mainly ______ the development of traditional crafts in rural areas.
A. relates to
B. depends on
C. belongs to
D. refers to
3. The little boy couldn’t ______ his personal experience ______ the story his teacher told.
A. compare; with
B. relate; to
C. mix; up
D. share; with
考点2 reaction的用法
含义reaction n.反应，回应
常见搭配
reaction to…对……的反应
drug reaction 药物反应
His immediate reaction was to call for help.
他当即的反应是呼救。
People's reaction to the film has varied greatly.
人们对这部影片的反应大不一样。
The patient experienced a severe drug reaction after taking the new medicine.
患者在服用新药后出现了严重的药物反应。
◆考点突破
1. What was your parents’ ______ to your decision of studying abroad
A. reaction
B. opinion
C. idea
D. thought
2. The little girl had a bad ______ after eating the seafood, so her parents sent her to the hospital at once.
A. reaction
B. situation
C. condition
D. state
3. Public ______ to the new traffic rule has been mostly positive since it was carried out.
A. reaction
B. attention
C. attraction
D. relation
考点3 lost的用法
lost adj.丢失的，遗失的
lose v.失去
loss n.失去
【搭配】
get lost迷路
They are searching for the lost boy.
他们正在搜寻失踪的男孩。
You'd better take a map with you, or you may easily get lost.
你最好带张地图，否则你很容易迷路。
I don't want to lose my place in the line.
我可不想失去排队的位置。牛津高阶
He suffered loss of memory for weeks after the accident.
事故之后他有几个星期失去记忆。
◆考点突破
1. The hiker ______ in the mountain for three days before being rescued by the local villagers.
A. got lost
B. lost
C. loss
D. losing
2. After the fire, the family suffered a great ______ of property and had to move to a temporary shelter.
A. lose
B. lost
C. loss
D. losing
3. Don’t ______ your confidence even if you fail several times in the exam; keep trying and you will succeed.
A. lost
B. lose
C. loss
D. losing
考点4 scared 的用法
scared adj.害怕的，恐惧的
常见用法：
be scared of sth.害怕某事/某物
be scared to do sth.害怕做某事
be scared+ that从句担心……
I'm certainly not scared of him.我当然不怕他。
She is scared to speak in front of a large audience.她害怕在大庭广众面前讲话。
They are scared that their house might get damaged in the storm.他们害怕他们的房子在暴风雨中受损。
【易混辨析】
scared 作形容词，意为“害怕的，恐惧的”，常指人感到恐惧、害怕，主语是人
scary 作形容词，意为“吓人的，恐怖的”，常用于说明或修饰物，在句中可作表语或定语
She felt scared when she realized she was lost in the city.
当她意识到自己在城里迷了路时，她感到很害怕。
The haunted house was so scary that many visitors left before finishing the tour.
鬼屋太吓人了，很多游客还没参观完就离开了。
◆考点突破
1. The little girl was ______ of walking alone in the dark alley because she thought it was too ______.
A. scared; scary
B. scary; scared
C. scared; scared
D. scary; scary
2. My sister is ______ to watch horror movies, for she always thinks those ______ scenes will make her have nightmares.
A. scary; scared
B. scared; scary
C. scared; scared
D. scary; scary
3. The old man was ______ that he might miss the last bus, so he hurried to the bus stop with his heavy bag.
A. scary
B. scared
C. scaring
D. scare
考点5 shocking的用法
shocking adj.惊人的，骇人的，令人难以置信的修饰物
相关单词
shocked adj.惊愕的；震惊的修饰人
shock n.震惊vt.使震惊
【例句】
The movie's ending was so shocking that it left the audience in silence.
电影的结局如此震撼，以至于观众们都沉默了。
We were all shocked at the news of his death.听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。
I got a shock when I saw the bill.
我看到账单时大吃一惊。
◆考点突破
1. All the people in the room were ______ when they heard the ______ news about the plane crash.
A. shocked; shocking
B. shocking; shocked
C. shocked; shocked
D. shocking; shocking
2. The sudden noise gave me a big ______, and I was so ______ that I dropped my cup on the floor.
A. shock; shocked
B. shocked; shock
C. shocking; shocked
D. shock; shocking
3. What a(n) ______ result! No one expected that the underdog team would win the championship.
A. shocked
B. shock
C. shocking
D. shocks
考点6 refuse v.拒绝
refuse作动词，其后常接名词、代词、动词不定式作宾语。refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”。
She politely refused their help.
她礼貌地拒绝了他们的帮助。
My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind.
我妈妈让我别管她，继续走，但我拒绝把她丢下。教材原文
◆考点突破
1. The manager ______ the customer’s unreasonable request politely, for it was beyond the company’s service scope.
A. refused
B. accepted
C. received
D. agreed
2. The little boy ______ to tidy up his room, which made his mother very angry.
A. refused
B. hoped
C. planned
D. decided
3. After thinking for a long time, she finally ______ his invitation to the party because she had to finish her homework.
A. accepted
B. refused
C. took
D. allowed
考点7 thick的用法
thick adj.浓密的；混浊的；名词形式：thickness n.厚度；浓度； 密度
【常见搭配】
be thick with…充满了……
The thickness and quality of the glass are impressive.
玻璃的厚度和质量令人印象深刻。
◆考点突破
1. The forest is ______ with tall trees and wild flowers, so it has become a popular place for weekend hikers.
A. thick
B. thin
C. wide
D. deep
答案：A
解析：考查固定搭配be thick with…，意为“充满了……”，符合“森林里遍布高大树木和野花”的语境；B选项表“稀疏的”，C、D选项无此搭配且语义不符，故排除。
2. The engineer measured the ______ of the steel plate carefully to make sure it met the safety standard of the project.
A. thick
B. thickness
C. width
D. height
答案：B
解析：空格前有定冠词the，需填入名词，thickness是thick的名词形式，表“厚度”，契合“测量钢板厚度”的句意；A选项是形容词，C、D选项表“宽度”“高度”，均不符合语境。
3. In winter, the window glass is often covered with ______ fog, which makes it hard to see the scenery outside clearly.
A. thick
B. thickly
C. thickness
D. thin
答案：A
解析：此处需形容词修饰名词fog，thick作形容词可表“混浊的”，符合“浓雾遮挡视线”的语义；B选项是副词，C选项是名词，D选项表“稀薄的”，均不满足语法或语义要求。
考点8historical 的用法
historical adj.（有关）历史的
【相关单词】
history n.历史
historian n.历史学家
historically adv.关于历史事件
I have been doing some historical research.
我一直在进行史学研究。
◆考点突破
1. The museum displays a lot of ______ relics that date back to the Ming Dynasty, attracting numerous history lovers every year.
A. historical
B. historic
C. historian
D. history
2. My uncle is a professional ______ who has devoted himself to ______ research for over 20 years.
A. history; historical
B. historian; historical
C. historian; historic
D. history; historic
3. ______ speaking, this ancient city has witnessed more than 1,000 years of changes and played an important role in the country’s development.
A. History
B. Historian
C. Historically
D. Historical
考点9 warning的用法
warning n.警告，警示early warning 预警
warm v.警告；告诫
warn sb.(not) to do sth.告诫某人（不要）做某事
warn sb. about/ of sth.提醒某人注意某事
warn sb. against(doing)sth.告诫某人提防某事/不要做某事
【例句】
They might be an early warning of problems to come.
它们可能是未来问题的预警。
The doctor warned her not to eat too much junk food.
医生告诫她不要吃太多垃圾食品。
The guide warned the tourists about the dangerous cliffs.
导游提醒游客注意那些危险的悬崖。
The teacher warned the students against cheating in the exam.
老师警告学生们不要在考试中作弊。
◆考点突破
1. The weather station issued an early ______ about the coming typhoon, so local residents began to make emergency preparations in advance.
A. warning
B. warn
C. warned
D. warningly
2. The police officer ______ the driver ______ driving after drinking, or he would face serious legal punishment.
A. warned; against
B. warned; to
C. prevented; from
D. stopped; from
3. The mother ______ her little son not to play near the river, as the water there was very deep and dangerous.
A. hoped
B. warned
C. allowed
D. encouraged
考点10 increase的用法
increase v.增加；增大；提高
【常见搭配】
increase to…增加到……
increase by…增加了……
Reading will increase your vocabulary.
阅读会增加你的词汇量。
The number of participants in the event increased to 500 this year.
今年参加活动的人数增加到了五百。
The cost of living has increased by 10% over the past year.
过去一年生活成本增加了10%.
An increase in temperature can lead to more severe weather conditions.
温度上升可能会导致更严重的天气状况。
◆考点突破
1. The price of vegetables ______ 20% since the bad weather hit the planting areas last month.
A. increased by
B. increased to
C. has increased by
D. has increased to
2. With the government’s new policy, the number of people taking public transportation every day ______ 10,000 in just half a year.
A. increased by
B. has increased to
C. increased to
D. has increased by
3. Regular exercise can help ______ your physical strength and improve your overall health condition.
A. increase
B. reduce
C. control
D. limit
考点11 safety的用法
safety n.安全（不可数名词）
常见搭配
for safety为了安全起见
in safety安全地
the safety of...……的安全
【拓展】
safe adj.安全的
safely adv.安全地
【例句】
The rules also require employers to provide safety training.
这些规定也要求雇主们提供安全训练。
For safety, we should climb with a partner.
为了安全起见，我们登山一定要有同伴。
The children are quite safe here.
孩子们在这里十分安全。
The plane landed safely. 飞机安全降落。
◆考点突破
1. All the students are taught basic ______ knowledge at school to help them protect themselves from danger.
A. safe
B. safety
C. safely
D. safer
2. ______, drivers are required to fasten their seat belts before starting the car on the highway.
A. For safety
B. For safe
C. To safely
D. To safety
3. After a long and bumpy flight, the passengers finally arrived at the destination ______.
A. safe
B. safety
C. safely
D. safer
语法知识
过去进行时
（一）过去进行时的用法和基本结构
过去进行时用来描述在过去某个时刻或某一时段正在进行或发生的动作，它的基本结构是“was/were+动词现在分词”。常见的与之搭配的时间状语有then, at this/ that time, yesterday, at…last night等。
She was singing in the shower then.
那时她正在淋浴间里唱歌。
At this time last week, I was flying to New York.
上周这个时候，我正在飞往纽约的飞机上。
【注意】【过去进行时还常常出现在讲故事的语境中，在讲故事或叙述过去的场景中常被用来营造画面感、设置背景或强调动作的持续性和未完成性。
Jane was sitting with her sister under the tree.
简正和姐姐坐在树下。
（二）过去进行时的句式变化
1.肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句
肯定句 主语+ was/ were+动词现在分词+其他。
否定句 主语+ was/ were not+动词现在分词+其他。
一般疑问句Was/ Were+主语+动词现在分词+其他？
肯定句：The girl was doing her homework at that time.
否定句：The girl wasn't doing her homework at that time.
一般疑问句：Was the girl doing her homework at that time
2.特殊疑问句
对主语提问：Who+ was/ were+动词现在分词+其他？
对其他成分提问：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词现在分词+其他？
【例句】
Who was running at that time
那时谁正在跑步？
What were the children doing then
那时孩子们正在做什么？
Where were they watching the movie
他们正在哪里看这部电影？
（三）过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
这两种时态虽然都表示过去发生的事情，但是过去进行时强调过去某一时刻或时段正在进行或持续的动作；一般过去时表示过去的时间里所发生的动作，所表示的动作往往已经完成。
【例句】
I was writing to my pen friend at 7 o' clock last night.
昨晚7点钟我正在给我的笔友写信。
I wrote to my pen friend last night.
我昨晚写信给我的笔友。
（四）when/while 引导时间状语从句与过去进行时连用
1.过去进行时可以和when、while引导的表示过去的时间状语从句连用，构成复合句。
When I saw her, she was talking to someone on the phone.
当我看到她时，她正在和某人通电话。
While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.吉姆正在修自行车时，林涛来看他了。
When we were having dinner, the phone rang.
我们正在吃晚饭时，电话铃响了。
2. when引导的时间状语既可以指时间点，也可以指时间段；while引导的时间状语只指时间段。因此，在when引导的时间状语从句中，动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；而在while引导的时间状语从句中，动词必须是延续性动词。
Someone knocked at the door when/ while I was cooking.
当我正在做饭的时候，有人敲门了。
3.由when引导的时间状语从句，如果主句用过去进行时、从句用一般过去时，则表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作（突然）发生了，强调后一动作发生的突然性。
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走时，突然有人喊我。
4.当主句和从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生的，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。
While she was sleeping, I was reading a book.当她在睡觉时，我正在读书。
◆考点突破
1. —What ______ you ______ at 8 o’clock last night
—I ______ a movie with my family.
A. did; do; watched
B. were; doing; was watching
C. are; doing; am watching
D. do; do; watch
2. My mother ______ dinner in the kitchen when I got home yesterday evening.
A. cooks
B. cooks
C. was cooking
D. is cooking
3. —Was your brother playing computer games at this time last Sunday
—No, he ______. He ______ a book in his bedroom.
A. wasn’t; was reading
B. didn’t; read
C. wasn’t; read
D. didn’t; was reading
4. While the students ______ the classroom, the teacher came in quietly.
A. clean
B. cleaned
C. are cleaning
D. were cleaning
5. I ______ along the road when a car suddenly stopped in front of me.
A. walked
B. was walking
C. walk
D. am walking
6. At that time, they ______ about the new film and didn’t notice me coming in.
A. talked
B. are talking
C. were talking
D. talk
7. —Who ______ in the music room at 9 o’clock yesterday morning
—Lucy and Lily. They ______ their favorite songs.
A. was singing; were practicing
B. sang; practiced
C. is singing; are practicing
D. sings; practice
8. While my father ______ TV, my mother ______ clothes in the living room.
A. watched; folded
B. watches; folds
C. was watching; was folding
D. is watching; is folding
9. The little boy ______ a kite in the park when it began to rain heavily.
A. flies
B. flew
C. is flying
D. was flying
10. —What was your sister doing then
—She ______ for the math test because she wanted to get a good grade.
A. studies
B. studied
C. was studying
D. is studying
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Unit 6 When disaster strikes
话题 做人与做事
功能 1.能听懂有关自然灾害的材料，能流利讲述自然灾害相关故事 2.能读懂纪实性语篇并提取关键信息 3.能以用英语描述灾害相关内容
单 词 1. 沙滩 n. sand 2. 祖国 n. motherland 3. 暴风雨 n. rainstorm 4. 洪水,水灾 n. flood 5. 警告,警示 n. warning 6. (燃烧产生的)烟 n. smoke 7. 公共马车,四轮大马车 n. coach 8. 一大批,一阵 n. shower 9. 专家 n. expert 10. 牛仔裤 n. jeans 11. 反应 n. reaction 12. 时间表 n. timeline 13. 工作日 n. weekday 14. 地,地面 n. ground 15. 荣幸,光荣 n. honour 16. 伤痛,伤害 n. wound 17. 铁路,铁道 n. railway 18. 海啸 n. tsunami 19. (车、船等的)交通服务,班次 n. service 20. 时装业 n. fashion 21. 女主角,女主人公 n. heroine 22. 大学 n. university 23. 航空公司 n. airline 24. (使)关(合)上,使关闭 v. shut 25. 寻找;搜索,搜寻 v. search 26. 害怕的,恐惧的 adj. scared 27. 苗条的,修长的 adj. slim 28. 浓密的;混浊的 adj. thick 29. 惊人的,骇人的,令人难以置信的 adj. shocking 30. 剧烈的;厉害的;非常严重的 adj. terrible 31. 笔直地,成直线地 adv. straight 32. 她自己 pron. herself
词 汇 拓 展 1. 丢失 v. lose → 不复存在的;不再拥有的 adj. lost 2. 流血,出血 v. bleed → 血 n. blood 3. 历史 n. history → (有关)历史的 adj. historical 4. 危险 n. danger → 危险的,有危害的 adj. dangerous 5. 舒服的 adj. comfortable → 不舒服的 adj. uncomfortable 6. 勇气,胆量,勇敢 n. courage → 鼓励,激励 v. encourage → 令人鼓舞的,振奋人心的 adj. encouraging
短 语 1. 流逝 go by 2. 最重要的是 above all 3. 不久之后 after a while 4. 大暴雨 a heavy rainstorm 5. 覆盖,蔓延 spread over 6. 把……变成…… turn…into… 7. 吸引某人的注意 draw one's attention 8. 充满,布满 be thick with 9. 闭上眼睛 shut one's eyes 10. 振奋精神 lift one's spirit 11. 自然灾害 natural disasters 12. 历史记录 historical record 13. 爆发,突然发生 break out 14. (警报)响起,爆炸 go off 15. 向前直走 go straight ahead 16. 感人的时刻 touching moment 17. 鼓励的话语 encouraging words 18. 恢复到原来的状态 get back to oneself 19. 没有……的想法 have no thoughts of… 20. 勇敢面对某事 face sth. with courage 21. 一个做某事的机会 a chance to do sth. 22. 使某人的梦想破灭 break one's dream 23. 跟着音乐一起唱 sing along with the music 24. 从阴影中走出来 come out from the shadows 25. 从一边到另一边;左右地 from side to side 26. 把……留在某处 leave…behind 27. 活在希望与恐惧之中 live between hope and fear 28. 在……的支持下 with the support of…
句 型 1. 我和我的母亲在庞贝城附近的一个小镇上住着。 My mother and I were staying in a town near Pompeii. 2. 那天晚上,我正在睡觉的时候地面剧烈地摇晃起来。 That night, I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard. 3. 我妈妈让我别管她,继续走,但我拒绝把她丢下。 My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind. 4. 那片云如同洪水般在大地上方蔓延开来,我们仍继续前行。 We moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land like a flood. 5. 空气中弥漫着浓浓的烟雾,火山灰开始纷纷扬扬地落下来。 The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers. 6. 中国是众多拥有灾害预警系统的国家之一。 China is one of many countries with disaster warning systems. 7. 在家人和朋友的支持下,牛钰慢慢地从阴影中走了出来。 With the support of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly came out from the shadows. 8. 她决定不再遮掩自己的那条腿。 She decided to stop hiding her leg. 9. 她完成了漫长的十年寻找自我的旅程。 She completed the hard 10-year journey of finding herself again. 10. 这是一个向人们展示勇敢的力量的好机会。 It is a good chance to show people the power of being brave.
语法 过去进行时
写作 讲述经历自然灾害后勇敢走出阴霾的故事
知识点
考点1relate的用法
含义relate v.联系；使有联系
常见搭配：
relate… to…将……与……联系起来
relate to与······有关
I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.
我觉得很难把这两种想法在我脑海中联系在一起。
Can you relate your experience to the current situation
你能把你的经历和目前的情况联系起来吗？
The book relates to the history of the city.
这本书与这座城市的历史有关。
◆考点突破
1. We should always ______ theory ______ practice in our study.
A. relate; to
B. connect; with
C. join; to
D. link; from
答案：A
解析：考查固定搭配relate…to…，意为“把……和……联系起来”；B选项connect…with…虽也表“联系”，但题目侧重relate的用法，且D选项link后不接from，C选项join…to…表“连接（物理或组织上）”，不符合语境。
2. This article mainly ______ the development of traditional crafts in rural areas.
A. relates to
B. depends on
C. belongs to
D. refers to
答案：A
解析：relate to意为“与……有关”，符合“文章和传统手工艺发展相关”的语境；B选项depends on表“依赖”，C选项belongs to表“属于”，D选项refers to表“提及、指代”，均不符合句意。
3. The little boy couldn’t ______ his personal experience ______ the story his teacher told.
A. compare; with
B. relate; to
C. mix; up
D. share; with
答案：B
解析：relate…to…表示“将……与……联系起来”，契合“男孩无法把自身经历和老师讲的故事关联”的语境；A选项compare…with…表“与……比较”，C选项mix up表“混淆”，D选项share…with…表“和……分享”，均不贴合题意。
考点2 reaction的用法
含义reaction n.反应，回应
常见搭配
reaction to…对……的反应
drug reaction 药物反应
His immediate reaction was to call for help.
他当即的反应是呼救。
People's reaction to the film has varied greatly.
人们对这部影片的反应大不一样。
The patient experienced a severe drug reaction after taking the new medicine.
患者在服用新药后出现了严重的药物反应。
◆考点突破
1. What was your parents’ ______ to your decision of studying abroad
A. reaction
B. opinion
C. idea
D. thought
答案：A
解析：考查固定搭配reaction to…，表示“对……的反应”，符合“父母对你出国留学决定的回应”的语境；B、C、D选项均无此搭配，且侧重“观点、想法”，不强调即时的反应。
2. The little girl had a bad ______ after eating the seafood, so her parents sent her to the hospital at once.
A. reaction
B. situation
C. condition
D. state
答案：A
解析：此处指“海鲜引发的身体反应”，reaction可表示生理层面的不良反应，符合语境；B选项situation表“局势”，C选项condition和D选项state表“状态”，均不贴合句意。
3. Public ______ to the new traffic rule has been mostly positive since it was carried out.
A. reaction
B. attention
C. attraction
D. relation
答案：A
解析：reaction to…为固定搭配，意为“对……的反应”，契合“公众对新交通规则的态度反馈”的语境；B选项attention表“注意力”，C选项attraction表“吸引力”，D选项relation表“关系”，均不符合搭配和句意。
考点3 lost的用法
lost adj.丢失的，遗失的
lose v.失去
loss n.失去
【搭配】
get lost迷路
They are searching for the lost boy.
他们正在搜寻失踪的男孩。
You'd better take a map with you, or you may easily get lost.
你最好带张地图，否则你很容易迷路。
I don't want to lose my place in the line.
我可不想失去排队的位置。牛津高阶
He suffered loss of memory for weeks after the accident.
事故之后他有几个星期失去记忆。
◆考点突破
1. The hiker ______ in the mountain for three days before being rescued by the local villagers.
A. got lost
B. lost
C. loss
D. losing
答案：A
解析：考查固定搭配get lost，意为“迷路”，句子需要谓语动词结构，A选项符合时态和搭配要求；B选项lost作动词时需搭配宾语，C选项loss是名词不能作谓语，D选项losing为非谓语形式，均不符合句子结构。
2. After the fire, the family suffered a great ______ of property and had to move to a temporary shelter.
A. lose
B. lost
C. loss
D. losing
答案：C
解析：考查词性辨析，a great后需接名词，loss为名词，意为“损失”，suffer loss of…为常用表达；A选项lose是动词，B选项lost是形容词或动词过去式，D选项losing是动名词/现在分词，均不满足语法要求。
3. Don’t ______ your confidence even if you fail several times in the exam; keep trying and you will succeed.
A. lost
B. lose
C. loss
D. losing
答案：B
解析：Don’t后接动词原形，lose为动词原形，意为“失去”，符合祈使句语法规则；A选项lost是形容词或动词过去式，C选项loss是名词，D选项losing为非谓语形式，均不适用。
考点4 scared 的用法
scared adj.害怕的，恐惧的
常见用法：
be scared of sth.害怕某事/某物
be scared to do sth.害怕做某事
be scared+ that从句担心……
I'm certainly not scared of him.我当然不怕他。
She is scared to speak in front of a large audience.她害怕在大庭广众面前讲话。
They are scared that their house might get damaged in the storm.他们害怕他们的房子在暴风雨中受损。
【易混辨析】
scared 作形容词，意为“害怕的，恐惧的”，常指人感到恐惧、害怕，主语是人
scary 作形容词，意为“吓人的，恐怖的”，常用于说明或修饰物，在句中可作表语或定语
She felt scared when she realized she was lost in the city.
当她意识到自己在城里迷了路时，她感到很害怕。
The haunted house was so scary that many visitors left before finishing the tour.
鬼屋太吓人了，很多游客还没参观完就离开了。
◆考点突破
1. The little girl was ______ of walking alone in the dark alley because she thought it was too ______.
A. scared; scary
B. scary; scared
C. scared; scared
D. scary; scary
答案：A
解析：第一空主语是人，用scared，构成be scared of的固定搭配，表“感到害怕的”；第二空修饰事物（dark alley），用scary，表“吓人的”，符合语法和语义逻辑。
2. My sister is ______ to watch horror movies, for she always thinks those ______ scenes will make her have nightmares.
A. scary; scared
B. scared; scary
C. scared; scared
D. scary; scary
答案：B
解析：第一空用be scared to do sth.的固定结构，表“害怕做某事”；第二空修饰名词scenes（场景），用scary表“恐怖的”，契合句意。
3. The old man was ______ that he might miss the last bus, so he hurried to the bus stop with his heavy bag.
A. scary
B. scared
C. scaring
D. scare
答案：B
解析：此处为be scared that从句的结构，表“担心……”，主语是人，需用scared；A选项scary修饰事物，C选项scaring多作定语表“令人害怕的”，D选项scare为动词/名词，均不符合句式要求。
考点5 shocking的用法
shocking adj.惊人的，骇人的，令人难以置信的修饰物
相关单词
shocked adj.惊愕的；震惊的修饰人
shock n.震惊vt.使震惊
【例句】
The movie's ending was so shocking that it left the audience in silence.
电影的结局如此震撼，以至于观众们都沉默了。
We were all shocked at the news of his death.听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。
I got a shock when I saw the bill.
我看到账单时大吃一惊。
◆考点突破
1. All the people in the room were ______ when they heard the ______ news about the plane crash.
A. shocked; shocking
B. shocking; shocked
C. shocked; shocked
D. shocking; shocking
答案：A
解析：第一空主语是人，用shocked，表“感到震惊的”；第二空修饰事物（news），用shocking，表“令人震惊的”，符合“人对骇人消息的反应”的语义逻辑。
2. The sudden noise gave me a big ______, and I was so ______ that I dropped my cup on the floor.
A. shock; shocked
B. shocked; shock
C. shocking; shocked
D. shock; shocking
答案：A
解析：第一空a big后接名词，shock作名词表“惊吓、震惊”；第二空主语是人，用shocked表“感到惊愕的”，契合“突发噪音带来惊吓并让人失手掉杯子”的语境。
3. What a(n) ______ result! No one expected that the underdog team would win the championship.
A. shocked
B. shock
C. shocking
D. shocks
答案：C
解析：此处修饰名词result（结果），需用shocking表“令人难以置信的”；A选项shocked修饰人，B选项shock为名词/动词，D选项shocks为名词复数/动词第三人称单数，均不符合语法要求。
考点6 refuse v.拒绝
refuse作动词，其后常接名词、代词、动词不定式作宾语。refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”。
She politely refused their help.
她礼貌地拒绝了他们的帮助。
My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind.
我妈妈让我别管她，继续走，但我拒绝把她丢下。教材原文
◆考点突破
1. The manager ______ the customer’s unreasonable request politely, for it was beyond the company’s service scope.
A. refused
B. accepted
C. received
D. agreed
答案：A
解析：根据“超出公司服务范围”的语境，此处表“拒绝不合理请求”，refuse后可直接接名词作宾语，符合语法和句意；B、C、D选项均表“接受/同意”，与语境相悖。
2. The little boy ______ to tidy up his room, which made his mother very angry.
A. refused
B. hoped
C. planned
D. decided
答案：A
解析：考查固定搭配refuse to do sth.，意为“拒绝做某事”，契合“男孩不收拾房间惹妈妈生气”的语境；B、C、D选项后虽也可接不定式，但语义均不符合句子逻辑。
3. After thinking for a long time, she finally ______ his invitation to the party because she had to finish her homework.
A. accepted
B. refused
C. took
D. allowed
答案：B
解析：根据“要完成作业”的原因，此处表“拒绝派对邀请”，refuse后接名词invitation作宾语，符合句意；A、C选项表“接受”，D选项表“允许”，均不贴合语境。
考点7 thick的用法
thick adj.浓密的；混浊的；名词形式：thickness n.厚度；浓度； 密度
【常见搭配】
be thick with…充满了……
The thickness and quality of the glass are impressive.
玻璃的厚度和质量令人印象深刻。
◆考点突破
1. The forest is ______ with tall trees and wild flowers, so it has become a popular place for weekend hikers.
A. thick
B. thin
C. wide
D. deep
答案：A
解析：考查固定搭配be thick with…，意为“充满了……”，符合“森林里遍布高大树木和野花”的语境；B选项表“稀疏的”，C、D选项无此搭配且语义不符，故排除。
2. The engineer measured the ______ of the steel plate carefully to make sure it met the safety standard of the project.
A. thick
B. thickness
C. width
D. height
答案：B
解析：空格前有定冠词the，需填入名词，thickness是thick的名词形式，表“厚度”，契合“测量钢板厚度”的句意；A选项是形容词，C、D选项表“宽度”“高度”，均不符合语境。
3. In winter, the window glass is often covered with ______ fog, which makes it hard to see the scenery outside clearly.
A. thick
B. thickly
C. thickness
D. thin
答案：A
解析：此处需形容词修饰名词fog，thick作形容词可表“混浊的”，符合“浓雾遮挡视线”的语义；B选项是副词，C选项是名词，D选项表“稀薄的”，均不满足语法或语义要求。
考点8historical 的用法
historical adj.（有关）历史的
【相关单词】
history n.历史
historian n.历史学家
historically adv.关于历史事件
I have been doing some historical research.
我一直在进行史学研究。
◆考点突破
1. The museum displays a lot of ______ relics that date back to the Ming Dynasty, attracting numerous history lovers every year.
A. historical
B. historic
C. historian
D. history
答案：A
解析：此处需形容词修饰relics（遗迹），historical表“与历史相关的”，符合“展示明代相关历史遗迹”的语境；B选项historic侧重“具有历史意义的”，C选项是“历史学家”，D选项是名词“历史”，均不符合语法和语义。
2. My uncle is a professional ______ who has devoted himself to ______ research for over 20 years.
A. history; historical
B. historian; historical
C. historian; historic
D. history; historic
答案：B
解析：第一空指“从事历史研究的人”，用historian（历史学家）；第二空修饰research，表“与历史相关的研究”，用historical，符合句子逻辑；historic侧重“有历史意义的”，不适合修饰research。
3. ______ speaking, this ancient city has witnessed more than 1,000 years of changes and played an important role in the country’s development.
A. History
B. Historian
C. Historically
D. Historical
答案：C
解析：空格处需副词修饰整个句子，historically是historical的副词形式，表“从历史角度来看”，符合句意；A是名词，B是表人的名词，D是形容词，均无法修饰整句。
考点9 warning的用法
warning n.警告，警示early warning 预警
warm v.警告；告诫
warn sb.(not) to do sth.告诫某人（不要）做某事
warn sb. about/ of sth.提醒某人注意某事
warn sb. against(doing)sth.告诫某人提防某事/不要做某事
【例句】
They might be an early warning of problems to come.
它们可能是未来问题的预警。
The doctor warned her not to eat too much junk food.
医生告诫她不要吃太多垃圾食品。
The guide warned the tourists about the dangerous cliffs.
导游提醒游客注意那些危险的悬崖。
The teacher warned the students against cheating in the exam.
老师警告学生们不要在考试中作弊。
◆考点突破
1. The weather station issued an early ______ about the coming typhoon, so local residents began to make emergency preparations in advance.
A. warning
B. warn
C. warned
D. warningly
答案：A
解析：空格前有形容词early修饰，需填入名词，warning是名词，表“警告、警示”，early warning为固定搭配“预警”，符合语境；B是动词原形，C是动词过去式/过去分词，D是副词，均不符合语法要求。
2. The police officer ______ the driver ______ driving after drinking, or he would face serious legal punishment.
A. warned; against
B. warned; to
C. prevented; from
D. stopped; from
答案：A
解析：考查固定搭配warn sb. against (doing) sth.，意为“告诫某人不要做某事”，契合“警察告诫司机不要酒驾”的句意；B选项warn后接to do表“告诫去做”，与语境相悖，C、D选项表“阻止做某事”，不体现“警告”的语义。
3. The mother ______ her little son not to play near the river, as the water there was very deep and dangerous.
A. hoped
B. warned
C. allowed
D. encouraged
答案：B
解析：考查固定搭配warn sb. not to do sth.，意为“告诫某人不要做某事”，符合“妈妈提醒儿子远离深河”的语境；A、C、D选项语义分别为“希望”“允许”“鼓励”，均不贴合句子逻辑。
考点10 increase的用法
increase v.增加；增大；提高
【常见搭配】
increase to…增加到……
increase by…增加了……
Reading will increase your vocabulary.
阅读会增加你的词汇量。
The number of participants in the event increased to 500 this year.
今年参加活动的人数增加到了五百。
The cost of living has increased by 10% over the past year.
过去一年生活成本增加了10%.
An increase in temperature can lead to more severe weather conditions.
温度上升可能会导致更严重的天气状况。
◆考点突破
1. The price of vegetables ______ 20% since the bad weather hit the planting areas last month.
A. increased by
B. increased to
C. has increased by
D. has increased to
答案：C
解析：句中since引导时间状语，主句需用现在完成时，排除A、B；20%是增长的幅度，需用increase by表“增加了”，increase to后接具体数值，不符合语境，故选C。
2. With the government’s new policy, the number of people taking public transportation every day ______ 10,000 in just half a year.
A. increased by
B. has increased to
C. increased to
D. has increased by
答案：B
解析：“in just half a year”体现动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，排除A、C；10000是具体的数量，需用increase to表“增加到”，increase by后接增长幅度，不贴合句意，故选B。
3. Regular exercise can help ______ your physical strength and improve your overall health condition.
A. increase
B. reduce
C. control
D. limit
答案：A
解析：根据“改善整体健康”的语境，此处表“增强体力”，increase为动词，意为“增加、提高”，符合句意；B、C、D选项均表“减少/控制/限制”，与语境相悖。
考点11 safety的用法
safety n.安全（不可数名词）
常见搭配
for safety为了安全起见
in safety安全地
the safety of...……的安全
【拓展】
safe adj.安全的
safely adv.安全地
【例句】
The rules also require employers to provide safety training.
这些规定也要求雇主们提供安全训练。
For safety, we should climb with a partner.
为了安全起见，我们登山一定要有同伴。
The children are quite safe here.
孩子们在这里十分安全。
The plane landed safely. 飞机安全降落。
◆考点突破
1. All the students are taught basic ______ knowledge at school to help them protect themselves from danger.
A. safe
B. safety
C. safely
D. safer
答案：B
解析：空格处需名词修饰knowledge，构成“安全知识”的表达，safety为名词表“安全”，符合语法要求；A是形容词，C是副词，D是形容词比较级，均无法修饰名词knowledge。
2. ______, drivers are required to fasten their seat belts before starting the car on the highway.
A. For safety
B. For safe
C. To safely
D. To safety
答案：A
解析：考查固定搭配for safety，意为“为了安全起见”，符合“高速上要求司机系安全带”的语境；B、C、D选项均为错误搭配，无法表达该含义。
3. After a long and bumpy flight, the passengers finally arrived at the destination ______.
A. safe
B. safety
C. safely
D. safer
答案：C
解析：空格处需副词修饰动词arrived，safely为副词表“安全地”，符合语法逻辑；A是形容词，B是名词，D是形容词比较级，均不能修饰动词。
语法知识
过去进行时
（一）过去进行时的用法和基本结构
过去进行时用来描述在过去某个时刻或某一时段正在进行或发生的动作，它的基本结构是“was/were+动词现在分词”。常见的与之搭配的时间状语有then, at this/ that time, yesterday, at…last night等。
She was singing in the shower then.
那时她正在淋浴间里唱歌。
At this time last week, I was flying to New York.
上周这个时候，我正在飞往纽约的飞机上。
【注意】【过去进行时还常常出现在讲故事的语境中，在讲故事或叙述过去的场景中常被用来营造画面感、设置背景或强调动作的持续性和未完成性。
Jane was sitting with her sister under the tree.
简正和姐姐坐在树下。
（二）过去进行时的句式变化
1.肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句
肯定句 主语+ was/ were+动词现在分词+其他。
否定句 主语+ was/ were not+动词现在分词+其他。
一般疑问句Was/ Were+主语+动词现在分词+其他？
肯定句：The girl was doing her homework at that time.
否定句：The girl wasn't doing her homework at that time.
一般疑问句：Was the girl doing her homework at that time
2.特殊疑问句
对主语提问：Who+ was/ were+动词现在分词+其他？
对其他成分提问：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词现在分词+其他？
【例句】
Who was running at that time
那时谁正在跑步？
What were the children doing then
那时孩子们正在做什么？
Where were they watching the movie
他们正在哪里看这部电影？
（三）过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
这两种时态虽然都表示过去发生的事情，但是过去进行时强调过去某一时刻或时段正在进行或持续的动作；一般过去时表示过去的时间里所发生的动作，所表示的动作往往已经完成。
【例句】
I was writing to my pen friend at 7 o' clock last night.
昨晚7点钟我正在给我的笔友写信。
I wrote to my pen friend last night.
我昨晚写信给我的笔友。
（四）when/while 引导时间状语从句与过去进行时连用
1.过去进行时可以和when、while引导的表示过去的时间状语从句连用，构成复合句。
When I saw her, she was talking to someone on the phone.
当我看到她时，她正在和某人通电话。
While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.吉姆正在修自行车时，林涛来看他了。
When we were having dinner, the phone rang.
我们正在吃晚饭时，电话铃响了。
2. when引导的时间状语既可以指时间点，也可以指时间段；while引导的时间状语只指时间段。因此，在when引导的时间状语从句中，动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；而在while引导的时间状语从句中，动词必须是延续性动词。
Someone knocked at the door when/ while I was cooking.
当我正在做饭的时候，有人敲门了。
3.由when引导的时间状语从句，如果主句用过去进行时、从句用一般过去时，则表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作（突然）发生了，强调后一动作发生的突然性。
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走时，突然有人喊我。
4.当主句和从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生的，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。
While she was sleeping, I was reading a book.当她在睡觉时，我正在读书。
◆考点突破
1. —What ______ you ______ at 8 o’clock last night
—I ______ a movie with my family.
A. did; do; watched
B. were; doing; was watching
C. are; doing; am watching
D. do; do; watch
答案：B
解析：at 8 o’clock last night是过去具体时刻，需用过去进行时（was/were+现在分词），三个空均需匹配该时态，故选B。
2. My mother ______ dinner in the kitchen when I got home yesterday evening.
A. cooks
B. cooked
C. was cooking
D. is cooking
答案：C
解析：when引导的从句用一般过去时，主句表示“我到家时妈妈正在做饭”，强调动作正在进行，用过去进行时，故选C。
3. —Was your brother playing computer games at this time last Sunday
—No, he ______. He ______ a book in his bedroom.
A. wasn’t; was reading
B. didn’t; read
C. wasn’t; read
D. didn’t; was reading
答案：A
解析：一般疑问句以Was开头，否定回答用wasn’t；答句后半句强调“当时正在看书”，需用过去进行时，故选A。
4. While the students ______ the classroom, the teacher came in quietly.
A. clean
B. cleaned
C. are cleaning
D. were cleaning
答案：D
解析：while引导时间状语从句，从句动作需为延续性且与主句动作同时发生，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时，故选D。
5. I ______ along the road when a car suddenly stopped in front of me.
A. walked
B. was walking
C. walk
D. am walking
答案：B
解析：此处是“过去正在进行的动作被突然发生的动作打断”，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时，故选B。
6. At that time, they ______ about the new film and didn’t notice me coming in.
A. talked
B. are talking
C. were talking
D. talk
答案：C
解析：at that time是过去进行时的标志时间状语，强调“当时正在讨论”，需用was/were+现在分词，主语they为复数，故选C。
7. —Who ______ in the music room at 9 o’clock yesterday morning
—Lucy and Lily. They ______ their favorite songs.
A. was singing; were practicing
B. sang; practiced
C. is singing; are practicing
D. sings; practice
答案：A
解析：9 o’clock yesterday morning是过去具体时刻，两空均需用过去进行时；第一空who指代未知人数，默认单数用was，第二空主语为复数用were，故选A。
8. While my father ______ TV, my mother ______ clothes in the living room.
A. watched; folded
B. watches; folds
C. was watching; was folding
D. is watching; is folding
答案：C
解析：while引导的主从句动作均为延续性且同时发生，需都用过去进行时，体现“爸爸看电视时妈妈在叠衣服”的同步场景，故选C。
9. The little boy ______ a kite in the park when it began to rain heavily.
A. flies
B. flew
C. is flying
D. was flying
答案：D
解析：began为一般过去时，主句表示“下雨时男孩正在放风筝”，强调动作的持续性，用过去进行时，故选D。
10. —What was your sister doing then
—She ______ for the math test because she wanted to get a good grade.
A. studies
B. studied
C. was studying
D. is studying
答案：C
解析：问句用过去进行时询问过去某时刻的动作，答句需用同时态回应“当时正在备考”，故选C。
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