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Ⅰ.识记·阅读词汇
1．landmark n．地标
2．radiation n．辐射
3．mirror-like adj.如镜面般的
4．plateau n．高原
5．jungle n．(热带)丛林
6．emission n．散发物，排放物
7．negotiable adj.可协商的
8．waist n．腰，腰部
Ⅱ.熟记·核心词汇
1．delicate adj.脆弱的
2．splendid adj.壮丽的
3．leisure n．空闲，闲暇
4．wander v．徘徊
5．candidate n．申请者
6．salary n．薪金，工资
Ⅲ.活用·拓展词汇
1．steady adj.平稳的；稳定的→steadily adv.平稳地
2．mass n．团，块；大量；一群；群众；质量→massive adj.巨大的→massively adv.巨大地
3．economy n．经济→economic adj.经济(上)的→economically adv.经济地
4．disturb v．干扰，扰乱→disturbance n．干扰，扰乱→disturbing adj.干扰的，扰乱的→disturbed adj.感到不安的；心烦意乱的
5．operate v．经营；操作；动手术→operator n．经营者；操作员→operation n．手术；操作；实施
6．conserve vt.保存；节约→conservation n．保护；节约→conservationist n．(动植物或古旧建筑的)保护工作者；环境保护主义者
7．apply v．申请，请求；涂，敷；应用；适用→application n．申请，申请书→applicant n．申请人
8．favour n．支持，赞同→favourite adj.最喜爱的 n．最喜爱的人或物→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的，适宜的→favourably adv.顺利地；有利地；好意地
9．advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)→advertiser n．广告商→advertisement n．广告，广告宣传
10．genuine adj.真的，真正的→genuinely adv.真诚地，真正地
11．prefer v．较喜欢→preference n．优先(权)
12．qualify v．使具备资格→qualification n．技能条件，资格→qualified adj.合格的；有资格的，称职的
Ⅳ.牢记·短语词块
1．overcome the challenges克服挑战
2．among the top concerns最关心的问题之一
3．catch one's eye引起某人注意；引人瞩目
4．at one's leisure空闲时 5.reach out伸出(手)
6．bring...to life使……生动；使……恢复生机
7．highlight the importance of强调……的重要性
8．be made up of由……组成
9．under threat受到威胁
10．in favour of支持，赞同
Ⅴ.背诵·单元佳句
1．How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.(疑问词＋to do)
如何保护(这里)脆弱的生态系统是人们最关心的问题之一。
2．The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station.(before引导时间状语从句) (乘车的)时间过得飞快，不知不觉中，我们已经到达唐古拉站。
3．Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life. (现在分词短语作定语) 在湖中嬉戏的水鸟和在草原上漫步的牛羊让此处的风景充满生机。
4．Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”， but the “busiest job in the world”！(should have done)
本后来开玩笑说，这份工作不应该被宣传为“最好的”，而应该是“世界上最繁忙的工作”！
eq \o(\s\up7( INCLUDEPICTURE "主题引领语境串记LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "主题引领语境串记LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ),\s\do5( [学生用书P208]))
I had been working in Xizang for several months. At my leisure I would walk around and appreciate the splendid scenery, like the well-known landmark—the Potala Palace, and the elegant Tibetan antelopes wandering around on the Plateau. While the tourism does favour the local economy, it also brings massive problems to the local environment and disturbs the wildlife here. Never should we develop economy at the cost of using up natural resources. So, when an environmental volunteer program was advertised online, it caught my eye instantly. I tried my best to prove that I was a perfect applicant via email. And I stood out from other candidates because I had related qualifications . I was very happy that I could do something for the local nature conservation despite without a salary.
我在西藏工作了几个月。闲暇时，我会四处走走，欣赏壮丽的景色，比如著名的地标——布达拉宫，以及在高原上徜徉的优雅的藏羚羊。旅游业在促进当地经济发展的同时，也给当地的环境带来了巨大的问题，惊扰了这里的野生动物。我们绝不能以消耗自然资源为代价来发展经济。因此，当一个环保志愿者项目在网上发布广告时，我立刻被吸引住了。我尽力通过电子邮件证明自己是一个完美的申请者。而我之所以能从其他候选人中脱颖而出，是因为我有相关的资历。我非常高兴可以为当地的自然保护做些事情，尽管没有薪水。
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[基础词汇]
1.rainforest n．雨林
2.species n．物种
3.throw about the rubbish乱扔垃圾
4.do one's part for sth.为某事尽自己的一份力量
5.food chain食物链
6.acid rain酸雨
7.extreme weather极端天气
8.achieve sustainable development实现可持续发展
9.get along with the nature harmoniously与自然和谐相处
[培优词汇]
1.recycle v．回收
2.dump v．扔掉；乱放
3.disposable adj.一次性的
4.pollutant n．污染物
5.cherish v．珍惜
6.soil erosion土壤侵蚀
7.preserve biodiversity保护生物多样性
8.use renewable energy使用可再生资源
9.the ecological balance生态平衡
[拔高词汇]
1.glacier n．冰川
2.landslide n．滑坡；山崩
3.drought n．旱灾
4.rare animals稀有动物
5.advocate a low-carbon lifestyle 倡导低碳生活方式
6.reduce our carbon footprints减少我们的碳足迹
7.hazardous waste有害垃圾
8.household waste生活垃圾
9.garbage classification垃圾分类
10.clean up litter 清理垃圾
话题句型
1.We must be fully aware of the two sides of nature and protect the natural environment.
我们必须充分了解自然的双面性并保护自然环境。
2.If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 如果人人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界将变得更加美丽。
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disturb v.干扰，扰乱
[单句语法填空/微写作]
①Carrie looked around, very disturbed(disturb) and quite sure that she did not want to work here.
②(人教选必四U1)Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing(disturb).
③她不安地发现，他刚买完杂货后钱包就不见了，这让他们陷入了如何回家的困境。
It__disturbed__her__to__notice that his wallet was missing after he had just paid for the groceries, leaving them in a dilemma about how to get back home.[读后续写之心理描写]
(1)It disturbs sb.to do sth./that... 做某事/……使某人不安
(2)disturbed adj. 感到不安的；心烦意乱的；
烦恼的
disturbing adj. 令人不安的；烦扰的
It's disturbing that... 令人不安的是……
[佳句背诵] Very annoyed and disturbed, she walked slowly toward the door.[读后续写之心理描写]
她非常恼火和不安，慢慢地向门口走去。
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favour n.支持，赞同；恩惠，帮助；喜爱；偏爱；偏袒 vt.支持；偏袒
[单句语法填空/微写作]
①(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)My favourite(favour) is rock and roll, but I have to say that country music can be quite beautiful sometimes.
②I have no choice but to turn to you in the hope that you can correct the mistakes as well as give me some favourable(favour) advice on writing.
③每当我请他帮忙时，我真诚的朋友都会毫不犹豫地来帮助我，所以我欠他一个人情。
Whenever I ask__him__a__favour/ask__a__favour__of__him，my genuine friend will come to my aid without hesitation, so I__owe__him__a__favour．
④我写这封信是希望你能够在即将到来的面试中帮我一个忙。
I'm writing this letter, hoping__that__you__can__do__me__a__favour/do__a__favour__for__me__with__my__coming__interview．[应用文写作之求助信]
(1)ask sb. a favour/ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.
帮某人一个忙
owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情
(2)in favour of 同意；支持；赞成
in one's favour 有利于某人；对……有利
(3)favour doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
(4)favourite adj. 最喜爱的
n. 最喜爱的人或物
favourable adj. 赞成的；有利的；适宜的
favourably adv. 顺利地；有利地；好意地
[佳句背诵] (人教选必一U4)Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或点头。
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qualification n.技能条件，资格
[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①(北师大选必三U7)You may have to go back to the classroom and be retrained in order to qualify to__work(work) in another field.
②(人教选必二U2)Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification(qualify) at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme.
③读了这份比赛公告后，艾伦想知道他是否有资格参加比赛。
→Having read the competition announcement, Alan wondered whether__he__was__qualified__to__participate__in__it．(qualified adj.)
→Having read the competition announcement, Alan wondered whether__he__had__the__qualification__to__participate__in__it．(qualification n．)
(1)the qualification for/to do sth. 做某事的资格
(2)qualify v. 使具备资格；使合格
qualify (sb.) for... 使(某人)有……资格/
取得……的参赛资格
qualify sb.to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事
(3)qualified adj. 有资格的，称职的
be/feel qualified for/to do sth.
有/感到有资格做某事
be qualified as... 能胜任……
[佳句背诵] With a good command of English, I'm quite qualified for the job.[应用文写作之申请信]
我的英语很好，完全可以胜任这份工作。 INCLUDEPICTURE "圈4LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈4LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
be made up of 由……组成
[单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作]
①(译林必修二U2)Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat.
②(人教选必三U5)Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is__made__up__of__five__lines(由五行组成).
③Farmers play an important part in society, making__up__50%__of__the__total__population(占总人口的50%) of the country.
④(2023·全国甲卷)New research shows that more than half of people are planning to make__the__most__of/make__full__use__of(充分利用) the long, warm summer days to get jobs done.
⑤人生起起落落，要保持积极向上的态度并不总是那么容易。
With__life__being__made__up__of__ups__and__downs,__it is not always easy to maintain a positive attitude.(with复合结构)[读后续写之主旨升华]
(1)make up 构成；形成；占……比例；
编造；和好；弥补
make up for 弥补
(2)make it 获得成功；准时到达
make out 辨认清楚；理解；明白(事理)
make good use of 好好利用
make the most/full use of
充分利用
[佳句背诵] The hard training at my college will make up for my lack of working experience.[应用文写作之申请信]
我在大学所受到的严格训练将弥补我工作经验的不足。
[联想发散] 意为“由……组成”的短语还有be comprised of...、be composed of...、consist of...等。
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before引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station. (乘车的)时间过得飞快，不知不觉中，我们已经到达唐古拉站。
[单句语法填空/补全句子/语段写作]
①(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.
②(译林选必四U4)Before__I__knew__it(不知不觉中), the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life.
③没过多久简就意识到自己在陌生的森林里迷路了，这使她如坐针毡。但是她不断地安慰自己，“用不了多久，我的丈夫就会找到我。”
It__wasn't__long__before__Jane__sensed__that she got lost in the unfamiliar forest, which made her feel like sitting on pins and needles. But she constantly comforted herself, “It__won't__be__long__before__my__husband__finds__me．”[读后续写之心理描写]
[名师点津] “It be＋一段时间＋since引导的时间状语从句”意为“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
(1)before用作连词，常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，有以下译法：①还没来得及……就……；②……之后才……；③在……之前；④(不久)就……；⑤以免……；⑥趁着……(还没有)；
(2)before的常用句式：
①It won't be long before...意为“用不了多久就……”，从句用一般现在时；
②It wasn't long before...意为“没过多久就……”，从句用一般过去时；
③It will be/take＋一段时间＋before...意为“多久后才……”，从句用一般现在时；
④It was/took＋一段时间＋before...意为“过了多久才……”，从句用一般过去时；
(3)before用作介词，意为“在……以前，在……面前”。
[佳句背诵] (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)When I learnt that my article got recognised, it was about five minutes before I recovered from my shock and then I jumped for joy.[读后续写之情绪描写]
当我得知我的文章被认可时，大约过了五分钟我才从震惊中恢复过来，然后高兴地跳了起来。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·全国甲卷) I know you can watch movies on the space station. What's your favourite(favour) space movie
2．After months of hard work, he finally gained a teaching qualification(qualify) and decided to devote all his life to education.
3．(译林选必二U4)Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive(mass) amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.
4．(译林选必二U1)From the ancient simple advertisements(advertise) painted on outdoor signs to the colourful, interactive ones in smartphone apps, advertising and the mass media have developed hand in hand.
5．(译林选必一U1)The concept took off, and today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate customers' appetite with over a thousand offerings, each more__delicate(delicate) and delicious than the last.
6．(人教选必四U1)Tony worked steadily(steady) on the improvements. Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder.
7．I always think a great conversation should be made up of equal sharing by both parties.
8．It is generally acknowledged that Internet addiction will have a disturbing(disturb) effect on people's health and social relationships.
9．(译林选必二U4)Flying around on their own, drones have already been used for photography, scientific research and military operations(operate).
10．Young people in China are showing a preference(prefer)for Chinese brands, contributing to stronger cultural confidence among young Chinese.
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．(2024·全国甲卷) From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs.A
2．I now understand why my brother favours the quiet.B
Ⅲ.一词多义
1．disturb
(1)Don't disturb the papers on my desk; I need to keep them organized for my meeting tomorrow.B
(2)The letter shocked and disturbed me, leaving me unable to concentrate on anything else for the rest of the day.C
(3)When using your phone in public, remember to speak quietly and not disturb others around you.A
2．operation
A．n.手术 B．n.(工商业)活动，业务
C．n.(有组织的)活动，行动
(1)(译林选必二U1)The company extended its operations in Europe.B
(2)(北师大选必四 U12)In 1985，Hawking had to have an operation on his throat.A
(3)(北师大必修二U5)His team has participated in the earthquake rescue operations in Sichuan and Nepal.C
INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET 写作一 Practical Writing——保护野生动物
你校将举办以“善待野生动物，实现和谐共处”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．野生动物的重要性；2.野生动物的现状；3.介绍保护措施并发出号召。
运用本单元词汇及表达完成句子
1．众所周知，野生动物在维持自然平衡中发挥着重要作用。
It is known to all that wild animals play__a__vital__role__in keeping the balance of nature.
2．不幸的是，大量野生动物正面临灭绝的威胁。
Unfortunately, massive__wild__animals__are__under__threat__of__extinction．
3．原因多种多样，其中过度狩猎、污染以及对湿地、草原和森林等野生动物栖息地的破坏是最令人担忧的问题之一。
There are a variety of reasons, of which over-hunting, pollution and the destruction of wildlife habitats like wetlands, grasslands and forests are among__the__top__concerns．
4．因此，我们必须采取措施来保护它们。
Therefore, we must take__measures__to__protect__them．
5．我们应该强调野生动物在生态系统中的重要性，并提高我们的动物保护意识。
We should highlight__the__importance__of wild animals in the ecosystem and raise__our__awareness__of__animal__protection．
6．野生动物的栖息地很脆弱。
The habitats of wild animals are__delicate．
7．我们在发展经济的同时，必须更加注重环境保护，这样野生动物才能有更好的生存环境。
We must pay more attention to protecting the environment while we are__developing__the__economy so that the wildlife can have better living conditions.
8．我相信我们能与自然和谐相处。
I believe we can live__in__harmony__with__nature．
9．让我们和环保主义者们一起行动起来吧！
Let's take action along__with__those__conservationists!
运用语法结构或句型润色提升
10．用省略句改写句7
We__must__pay__more__attention__to__protecting__the__environment__while__developing__the__economy__so__that__the__wildlife__can__have__better__living__conditions.
11．用并列连词合并句6和句10
The__habitats__of__wild__animals__are__delicate,__so__we__must__pay__more__attention__to__protecting__the__environment__while__developing__the__economy__so__that__the__wildlife__can__have__better__living__conditions.
运用适当的过渡句或衔接词连句成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Good afternoon, everyone! It is known to all that wild animals play a vital role in keeping the balance of nature. Unfortunately, massive wild animals are under threat of extinction. There are a variety of reasons, of which over-hunting, pollution and the destruction of wildlife habitats like wetlands, grasslands and forests are among the top concerns.
Therefore, we must take measures to protect them. First, we should highlight the importance of wild animals in the ecosystem and raise our awareness of animal protection. Besides, the habitats of wild animals are delicate, so we must pay more attention to protecting the environment while developing the economy so that the wildlife can have better living conditions.
I believe we can live in harmony with nature. Let's take action along with those conservationists!
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词汇积累 [动作描写] wander；disturb；favour；advertise[环境描写] delicate；splendid；wetland；grassland；mirror－like；scenery；plateau；jungle
佳句积累 [修辞手法] (比喻)The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”．[情感描写] As we pass Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and achievement.[环境描写] Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror－like surface. Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.
动作描写：动“脚”
经典词汇 1.tiptoe v．踮着脚走2.pace v．踱步3.stamp v．跺(脚)；重踩4.stride v．大步走；阔步行走
亮点词块 1.jump/leap/spring to one's feet跳起来2.get/rise to one's feet站起来3.stride into the room大步地走进房间4.drag one's feet拖着脚步5.tap/stamp one's feet跺脚6.put one's feet up双脚平放休息；放松7.wander/stroll on campus在校园里漫步
出彩表达 1.He shivered as his feet touched the cold floor.当他的脚一碰到冰冷的地板时，他哆嗦了一下。2.She dragged her feet as she reluctantly followed her parents.她不情愿地跟在父母后面，拖着脚步。3.Wandering/Strolling towards the museum, we chatted about what we would enjoy.(现在分词短语作状语)我们溜达着向博物馆走去，聊着我们会喜欢什么。4.My feet slipped as I was about to shoot and I missed the ball.当我正要射门的时候，我脚下滑了一下，一脚踢空。5.So annoyed were we that we stamped our feet in anger, thinking about what to do with the situation.(倒装句) 我们非常恼火，愤怒地跺着脚，思考着该如何处理这种情况。6.He tripped over the step and fell.他在台阶上绊了一跤，摔倒了。7.Her eyes widened in surprise as she saw Helen rise to her feet.当她看到海伦站起来时，她惊讶地睁大了眼睛。
[场景导入] “我”和汤姆在公园散步时，对垃圾桶旁边地上满是垃圾的现象很生气，于是我们去了市政厅，成功说服工作人员用能够压缩垃圾的新垃圾桶替换旧垃圾桶，我们心满意足地回家了。
1．Wandering/Strolling__towards__the__city__park(漫步走向城市公园；现在分词短语作状语), my friend Tom and I chatted about the beautiful scenery and the mirror-like lake in the park. We 2.strode__into__the__park(大步走进公园), only to find that litter lay on the ground next to a dustbin.3.So__annoyed__were__both__of__us__that__we__stamped__our__feet__in__anger(我们俩都很生气，气得直跺脚；倒装句), thinking about how to change the situation. A good idea occurring to me, I 4.sprang/jumped/leapt__to__my__feet__in__excitement(兴奋得跳了起来). We dashed to the building of the City Hall, our foreheads wet with sweat, and successfully persuaded the officers to replace the old dustbin with a new one that could squeeze trash down without being emptied often.On the way back home, we 5.put__our__feet__up(我们的双脚平放休息) on a roadside bench, with a happy smile rising on the corners of our mouth.
[选自：选修教材 人教版·选修一(新教材) UNIT 1 P2]
The stars awaken a certain awe①， because② though always present, they are inaccessible③； but all natural objects make a similar impression, when④ the mind is open to their influence. Nature never wears a mean⑤ appearance. Neither does⑥ the wisest man obtain her secret, and lose his curiosity⑦ by finding out all her perfection. Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals, the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity⑧ of his childhood.
When we speak of nature in this manner⑨， we have a distinct⑩ but most poetical sense in the mind. We mean the integrity of impression made by many different natural objects. It is this which distinguishes the log of the wood-cutter, from the tree of the poet.
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①awe n．敬畏
②because引导原因状语从句
③inaccessible adj.难以达到的
④when引导时间状语从句
⑤mean (常用义) v．意味着 (文章义) adj.平庸的
⑥此处为否定词置于句首引起的倒装句
⑦curiosity n．好奇心
⑧simplicity n．简单；质朴
⑨in this manner以这种方式
⑩distinct adj.清楚的
integrity n．完整；完好
distinguish...from...区分……和……
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1．What can be inferred from the passage about the perception of nature by a wise person
A．A wise person never loses interest in nature though knowing its secrets.
B．A wise person views nature in the same way as they did in childhood.
C．A wise person only values nature for its practical uses like a wood-cutter.
D．A wise person always tries to analyze nature objectively without any emotions.
答案：A
2．Why does the author suggest that nature never becomes a toy to a wise spirit
Because__its__perfection__and__wisdom__are__endless__and__cannot__be__fully__comprehended__or__exhausted,__even__by__the__wisest__individuals.__Nature's__secrets__remain__unrevealed,__and__its__beauty__and__complexity__continue__to__inspire__curiosity__and__awe.
【识文知意】 星星激发了一种敬畏之情，因为它们虽然一直存在，但却遥不可及；但当心灵开放地接受它们的影响时，所有的自然物都会给人相似的印象。大自然从不摆出平庸的样子。即使是最聪明的人也无法获得她的秘密，在发现她所有的完美之后也不会失去好奇心。大自然永远不会成为智者手中的玩物。花朵、动物、山峰，既让智者童年的纯真感到愉悦，也映照出他人生最美好时刻的智慧。
当我们以这种方式谈论自然时，我们的心中会产生一种清晰而富有诗意的感觉。我们指的是由许多不同的自然物体所留下的完整印象。正是这一点区分了伐木者的原木与诗人的树木。Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·湖南新高考教学教研联盟联考)On December 16, 2023, the first section of Maya Train officially opened, which runs between Campeche and Cancún, carrying up to 231 passengers across 290 miles and stopping at 14 train stations.
Built as an ambitious effort to promote tourism and boost Mexico's economy, the rail system connects the major cities and tourist regions of the Yucatán Peninsula—from Cancún's beaches to Tulum's archaeological (考古的) wonders.Once the project is completed, the entire rail system will link tourist destinations across five states. However, environmentalists and archaeologists argue that the train route will cause great damage to the environment and ancient Mayan sites.
The Maya Train passes through six UNESCO World Heritage sites, and thousands of archaeological sites. One particular area of concern is the Calakmul biosphere reserve, which is home to many endangered species, such as jaguars and over 500 other animal species. The train lines, more than 60 meters wide, could act as artificial barriers that may limit the movement of these animals within the reserve, making it difficult for them to move around and access food and water sources.
Opponents also express safety concerns. Certain sections of the rail system will be built right on top of the aquifer's (地下水层的) most fragile points of contact with the surface. “It's like wanting to build over eggshells，” says Guillermo Christy, a water treatment consultant.“Putting trains weighing thousands of tons on top could cause the underground caves to crash down.”To construct the train infrastructure (基础设施) also requires driving long piles deep into the ground, which poses a big threat to this fragile ecosystem and leads to water shortages.
In the ongoing debate of Maya Train, it is crucial to consider the delicate balance between economic development and environmental preservation. While Maya Train may provide economic benefits, we must not overlook the potential environmental and cultural losses, as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmony between progress and conservation may be a significant challenge for the project, but we must take into account the long-term consequences of our actions.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了玛雅列车项目对环境及古玛雅遗址等造成的巨大破坏，说明了平衡经济发展和环境保护的重要性。
1．What do we know about the Maya Train project
A．It consumes lots of labor in Mexico.
B．It was completed on December 16，2023.
C．It has concerned some professionals.
D．It blocks the development of local tourism.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However...ancient Mayan sites.”可知，玛雅列车项目让一些专业人士感到担忧。
2．What is the effect of the train lines on the animals in the reserve
A．They disturb their sleeping patterns.
B．They restrict their activities.
C．They pollute their water sources.
D．They engage their enemies to the area.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The train lines...water sources.”可知，玛雅列车项目的火车线路会限制动物保护区内动物们的活动。
3．Why does the author mention “eggshells” in paragraph 4
A．To show the difficulty of constructing the rail lines.
B．To prove the urgency of protecting the fragile ecosystem.
C．To explain the reasons for water shortages along the railway.
D．To stress the potential harm of Maya Train to the aquifer system.
D 解析：推理判断题。通读第四段内容尤其是“Putting trains weighing...crash down.”可推知，是为了强调玛雅列车项目对地下水层系统的潜在危害。
4．Which statement would the author probably agree with
A.Preserving cultural sites requires strong financial support.
B．It is time to speed up the construction process of Maya Train.
C．Economic development should not come at the expense of the environment.
D．We should prize the economic benefits of the project in the long run.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“While Maya Train may...consequences of our actions.”可推知，作者可能同意“经济发展不应以牺牲环境为代价”这一观点。
B
(2025·衢州、丽水、湖州三地市教学质检) Some talk of building settlements on the Moon or Mars to help make sure humanity survives long into the future.Others have their sights set closer to home: on future cities under the ocean.
“Technologically speaking, it is absolutely possible to colonize the bottom of the sea，” says Fabien Cousteau, a well-known ocean explorer who once spent 31 days living in what is now the world's only functioning undersea habitat, Aquarius Reef Base.It's about the size of a school bus and located 62 feet below the ocean surface in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.
Just as astronauts test what it would be like to live in space, aquanauts try out undersea living with an eye to the future.Escaping from disasters such as climate change or wars is one reason to live under the sea.Others include studying, exploring, or appreciating the ocean.It's costly and expensive to constantly keep up an ocean habitat which must pump in or make its own air, electricity, and fresh water.Inhabitants have to deal with high pressure.And infections can develop rapidly due to high humidity.
Despite the challenges, several new ocean habitats and cities are under construction. A series of space station-like undersea living quarters for aquanauts called Proteus will be completed off Curacao, an island north of Venezuela in South America.An undersea colony called Vent Base Alpha will be built near a hydrothermal vent, which would supply it with energy.Meanwhile, an undersea city called Ocean Spiral in Japan would link its surface to the deep sea, using the difference in pressure to generate energy and produce fresh water.This sounds amazing, but it would be extremely expensive and remains just a design.
Not everyone agrees that building homes in the ocean is a good idea. This type of development could place even more strain on ecosystems that are already struggling with pollution and climate change. It's important to make sure that any construction is done carefully, says Susanne Menden-Deuer, an oceanographer at the University of Rhode Island.Wild undersea habitats should be treated as “the precious, irreplaceable resource that they are，” she says.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对未来海底城市的展望以及建立海底城市存在的问题。
5. What do we know about Aquarius Reef Base
A．It is still under construction.
B．It functions as an undersea school bus.
C．It is the only ocean habitat in operation.
D．It only allows a person to live there for 31 days.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fabien Cousteau...Aquarius Reef Base.”可知，唯一一个正常运作的海底栖息地是宝瓶座珊瑚礁栖息地。
6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The present and future of living under the sea.
B．The reasons and challenges of living under the sea.
C．The purpose and cost of building undersea settlements.
D．The problems and findings of building undersea settlements.
B 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Escaping from disasters...due to high humidity.”可知，该段介绍了人们生活在海底的原因以及所面临的各种挑战。
7. What would be the result of building homes in the ocean according to the passage
A．Rapid development of undersea habitats.
B．Protection of irreplaceable ocean resources.
C．Negative impacts on undersea ecosystems.
D．Struggles with pollution and climate change.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Not everyone agrees...struggling with pollution and climate change.”可知，在海底建房子可能会对海底的生态系统造成负面的影响。
8. Where is the passage most probably taken from
A．A textbook.
B．An exam paper.
C．An academic article.
D．A science magazine.
D 解析：文章出处题。纵观全文，文章主要介绍了对未来海底城市的展望及建立海底城市可能存在的问题。由此可推知，文章很有可能出自科学杂志。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·长沙新高考适应性考试)Microplastics are found almost everywhere in food, drinking water, cosmetics (化妆品), and household products. 1.________ . However, there are steps we can take to minimize our microplastic intake.
Avoiding reheating takeaway food in plastic boxes
Any time plastic containers are heated, chemical changes in the material mean microparticles can leach into your food. If you can't avoid the takeaway boxes, try not to reheat food in them when having leftovers. 2.________ .
Employing a glass water bottle instead of a plastic one
Canadian research from 2019 found that bottled water contains 22 times more microplastics than tap water, meaning someone who only drinks bottled water would take in 130，000 more particles a year, compared to 4，000 from tap water. 3.________ . They also suggest filling it with water that has gone through a reverse osmosis filter (反渗透过滤器) which can help to remove the microplastics in tap water.
4．________
The heat of the coffee will encourage the plastic to leach into your drink. Instead, bring a reusable glass or metal cup for takeaways or consider drinking your coffee in a café. It is both environmentally-friendly and good for health.
Stopping chewing on the end of pens
5．________ . Put away or stop purchasing baby chewing toys or dummies (橡皮奶嘴) which are particularly harmful because they go into the mouth. Similarly, a researcher recommends that adults stop chewing on the end of pens.
A．Using metal or glass coffee cups
B．Avoiding using plastic material on hot food
C．Remember: do place them in a non-plastic plate
D．Experts recommend using a glass bottle when you're on the go
E．It's almost impossible to get rid of plastic from our modern lives
F．Whatever you eat, never put it in a plastic container
G．Experts suggest looking at other sources of plastic in your children's lives
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以减少我们微塑料的摄入量以保持我们健康的方法。
1．E 解析：上文谈到微塑料几乎无处不在，下文提到我们可以采取一些措施来尽量减少微塑料的摄入量，E项符合语境。
2．C 解析：根据上文“If you can't avoid...having leftovers.”可知，空处应该给出正确的加热做法，C项符合语境，C项中的them指的是leftovers。
3．D 解析：根据下文“They also suggest...in tap water.”可推知，空处为专业人士给出的第一个有关减少从水中摄入微塑料的建议，D项符合语境，D项中的Experts与空后的They对应。
4．A 解析：空处为段落主旨句，根据其他标题可以将答案锁定在A、B两项中。根据下文内容尤其是“Instead, bring a reusable glass or metal cup...in a café.”可知，本段在谈论使用什么样的杯子喝咖啡的问题，A项符合语境。
5．G 解析：根据空后内容可推知，空处应涉及专家给孩子的建议，G项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·九省联考)Whenever you have to write a paper, a letter, or any other document for work or school, you probably head toward the computer. Now, most people reach for 1.____________(keyboard) faster than they pick up pens. In a Scottish primary school, however, Mr. Norman Lewis is taking a different approach. He feels that neat handwriting 2.____________(be) still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also 3.____________old-fashioned fountain pens.
Fountain pens 4.____________(use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. Today, a writer 5.____________(simple) throws an empty pen away and gets 6.____________ new one.
So far, Mr. Lewis is pleased with the results of his experiment. He reports that his students are taking more care with their work, and their self-confidence has improved as well. He is happy with the 7.____________(improve) he sees in his students' writing 8.____________ in his own writing. He knows that computers are here 9.____________(stay) and that they will not disappear. However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of 10.____________(they).
【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。苏格兰的一位小学老师诺曼·刘易斯鼓励学生用老式自来水笔写字，并取得了不错的效果。
1. keyboards 解析：考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词短语reach for的宾语，且keyboard为可数名词，前无限定词，应用其复数形式。
2. is 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导宾语从句；结合主句的时态可知，宾语从句的时态也应用一般现在时；主语neat handwriting是第三人称单数，be动词应用is。
3. with 解析：考查介词。结合not only后面的by hand可知，but also后的空处也应用介词，且意为“用”，应用with。
4. were used 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语long ago可知，时态应用一般过去时；主语Fountain pens与use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语是复数，谓语动词也应用复数形式。
5. simply 解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词throws，应用副词形式。
6．a 解析：考查冠词。结合句意可知，此处表泛指，且new的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
7. improvement 解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处与空前的the一起作with的宾语，应用名词形式。
8. and 解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的in his students' writing和空后的in his own writing为并列关系，应用连词and。
9. to stay 解析：考查固定结构 。此处考查固定结构be here to stay，意为“长期存在；持续下去”。
10. themselves 解析：考查反身代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词of的宾语，与句子的主语they指代相同，应用反身代词themselves。
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核心单词 [A篇]boost v．使增长 barrier n．障碍物 fragile adj.脆弱的 [B篇]settlement n．定居点；(解决纷争的)协议；解决；结算 humanity n．人类；人性；人道 bottom n．底部，尽头 undersea adj.海面下的，海底的 astronaut n．宇航员 constantly adv.始终；一直；重复不断地 electricity n．电 humidity n．(空气中的)湿度；湿热 ecosystem n．生态系统 precious adj.宝贵的；珍奇的 irreplaceable adj.不能替代的 [七选五]minimize v．使减少到最低限度 intake n．摄入 reheat v．重新加热 leftover n．(常用复数)吃剩的食物，残羹剩饭
派生词汇 [A篇]conserve v．保护→conservation n．保护 [B篇]technology n．科技；技术性机器→technological adj.技术的；科技的；工艺的→technologically adv.技术上地 absolute adj.绝对的，完全的；无疑的；确实的→absolutely adv.完全地，绝对地 explore v．探讨，探究；探险，考察，勘查→explorer n．探险者；勘查者→exploration n．勘探，勘查；探究 locate v．找出……的准确位置，确定……的准确地点→located adj.位于；坐落在→location n．地点，位置；定位 appreciate v．欣赏，重视；感激→appreciative adj.欣赏的；感激的 challenge n．挑战；挑战书；质疑→challenging adj.挑战性的；考验能力的 energy n．精力，活力；能源→energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的；需要能量的；积极的→energetically adv.精力充沛地；积极地
熟词生义 [B篇]colonize (常用义) v．在……开拓殖民地 (文章义) v．(在某一地区)聚居，大批生长[七选五]employ (常用义) v．雇用 (文章义) v．使用
重点短语 [A篇]cause damage to...对……造成损害 be home to是……的栖息地 [B篇]deal with解决，处理；涉及 under construction在建造中 [七选五]leach into 渗入 get rid of摆脱
