INCLUDEPICTURE "单元知识速记LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "单元知识速记LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "手指1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "手指1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 语基默写见P561
Ⅰ.识记·阅读词汇
1．disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱
2．sample n．样本
3．beak n．鸟嘴，喙
4．ancestor n．(动物的)原种，祖先
5．primitive adj.原始的，低等的
6．worldwide adv.遍及全世界
7．giant adj.巨大的，特大的
8．comb-like adj.梳状的
9．myth n．(古代的)神话
10．legend n．传说，传奇(故事)
Ⅱ.熟记·核心词汇
1．generate v．产生，创造
2．characteristic n．特征，特性
3．decline v．减少
4．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于
5．link v．把……联系起来；连接
Ⅲ.活用·拓展词汇
1．distant adj.遥远的→distantly adv.远离地；遥远地；模糊地→distance n．距离；远处；疏远
2．evolve v．进化→evolution n．进化(论)；演变，发展
3．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．嫌疑人，可疑分子→suspicion n．怀疑，疑心；嫌疑→suspicious adj.怀疑的；不信任的；可疑的→suspiciously adv.怀疑地，猜疑地
4．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detection n．发现，察觉，侦察→detective n．侦探 adj.刑侦的
Ⅳ.牢记·短语词块
1．date back to追溯到……
2．answer the call响应号召
3．of all time有史以来；一直
4．in question讨论中的；考虑中的
5．be crowded with拥塞；挤满；充满
6．come to exist出现；产生
7．adapt to适应；适合
8．a variety of各种各样的
9．be native to源于……的，原产于
10．tiny amounts of微量的
11．drive...away把……赶走
Ⅴ.背诵·单元佳句
1．It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.[it seems/seemed (that)...]
它们的喙看起来是根据所在的独特岛屿上可觅得的食物类型进化而来的。
2．But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.(so...that...)
但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
3．Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.(sb./sth. be＋过去分词＋to do) 据说，亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵这样的树。
4．With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all.(with复合结构；it作形式主语)
人们长久以来都认为，会说话的植物存在于幻想中，不过新的研究揭示了一些惊人的发现：植物之间似乎确实可以交流。
5．Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.(the way＋定语从句) 科学家对于植物间互相交流的秘密方式的认知与日俱增。
eq \o(\s\up7( INCLUDEPICTURE "主题引领语境串记LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "主题引领语境串记LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ),\s\do5( [学生用书P201]))
When my uncle was young, he answered the call and volunteered to work on that distant island. My uncle worked hard in the day. In his free time, he went on studying the characteristics of those plants. He even had some samples placed in his bedroom. It was just at that time that he began to think about how they evolved from their ancestors. While his study generated no income, he was crazy about it. He often used some primitive methods to carry out his experiments, detecting how the seeds grew into some tall plants. There was a time when the number of those plants was on the decline and human beings were to blame . He managed to find out the reason and came up with a new way to solve the problem. Later, he achieved a lot in this field. Many people had suspected his talent, but he succeeded！He was absolutely a legend！
我叔叔年轻时响应号召，自愿到遥远的小岛上工作。叔叔白天努力工作。空闲时间，他就去研究那些植物的特性。他甚至在自己的卧室里摆放了一些样本。就在那时，他开始思考这些植物是如何从它们的祖先进化而来的。虽然他的研究产生不了任何收入，但他却为此疯狂。他经常用一些原始的方法进行实验，检测种子是如何长成一些高大的植物的。有一段时间，这些植物的数量在减少，而这都要归咎于人类。他设法找到了原因，并想出了一种新的方法来解决问题。后来，他在这一领域取得了很大成就。很多人都怀疑他的才能，但他成功了。他绝对是一个传奇。
INCLUDEPICTURE "话题语基培优LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "话题语基培优LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础词汇]
1.assume v．发掘；挖掘
2.question v．质疑
3.quick-minded adj.思维敏捷的
4.propose a theory提出一种理论
5.collect samples采集样本
6.analyse data分析数据
[培优词汇]
1.unearth v．发掘
2.flesh n．果肉
3.shoot n．幼苗
4.reproduce v．繁殖
5.evolve from从……进化而来
6.dig for remains探寻遗迹
[拔高词汇]
1.nurture vt.培育；养育
2.bud n．花蕾
3.highland n．高原，高地
4.hillside n．山坡
5.downhill adj.下坡的
6.natural selection自然选择
话题句型
1.It is a beneficial and necessary thing for us to cherish the beauty of the earth and explore the nature and humanity. 对我们而言，珍惜地球的美、探索自然和人性是一件有益且有必要的事情。
2.In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being. 事实上，我们对宇宙知之甚少，甚至都不知道它是如何形成的。
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得 n.嫌疑人，可疑分子
[单句语法填空/微写作]
①Suspecting(suspect) that the traveler carried illegal goods, the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.
②I had been betrayed by those who I trusted several times, resulting in my suspicious(suspect) attitude towards everything and everyone.
③汤姆的朋友怀疑他在考试中作弊，这让汤姆感到非常沮丧，并且急于证明自己的清白。
Tom's friend suspected__him__of__cheating__on__the__exam,__which made Tom feel very upset and eager to prove his innocence.[读后续写之情绪描写]
(1)suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做了)某事
suspect sb. to be... 怀疑/猜想某人是……
suspect that... 怀疑/猜想……
(2)suspicious adj. 怀疑的；可疑的
suspicion n. 怀疑；疑心；嫌疑
[佳句背诵] If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light. 假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，连电灯都不要开。 INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈2LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
decline v.减少，下降；衰落；婉言谢绝 n.衰落，衰败；减少
[单句语法填空/微写作]
①(译林选必一U3)In fact, the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage. About twenty years after the painting was completed, it was overthrown.
②The number of tourists to the scenic spot has declined by 10% in recent years to only 5 million, which is a significant decrease because of various factors such as economic downturn, changes in travel preferences.
③She wanted him to go shopping with her, but he declined to__join(join), saying he was too busy to go.
④非常抱歉拒绝你的盛情邀请，因为我必须去参加一个会议。
I'm__very__sorry__to__decline__your__kind__invitation,__because I have to attend a meeting.[应用文写作之道歉信]
(1)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
decline to... 减少到……
decline by... 减少了……
decline in... 在……方面衰弱/减少
(2)in decline/on the decline
在衰退，在下降，
走下坡路
fall into (a) decline 开始衰落
[佳句背诵] (北师大选必四U12)Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes. 尽管在过去几十年里，霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，并且对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈3LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈3LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
blame v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n.过失；责备
[单句语法填空/语段写作]
①(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)These days you can see traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times, but it's hard to__blame(blame) the parents.
②(人教选必二U1)He was to__blame(blame) for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
③和他人相处时，我们不应该总把错误归咎于他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责他人。
When getting along with others，we shouldn't always blame__others__for__mistakes/blame__mistakes__on__others/put/lay__the__blame__for__mistakes__on__others．After all, many times we are__also__to__blame. So instead of blaming__others,__we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' shoes.
(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth.为(做)某事责备某人/责备某人(做)某事
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for...) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
(2)put/lay the blame (for sth.) on...
把(……的)责任归咎于……
[佳句背诵] With so much blame pouring like flood, Daniel was too sorrowful to utter a single word.[读后续写之心理描写]
许多责备如洪水般涌来，丹尼尔悲伤得说不出话来。
[名师点津] be to blame无被动语态。
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈4LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈4LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
drive...away 把……赶走
[单句语法填空/补全句子/微写作]
①(人教必修三U1)One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year.
②(北师大选必四U11)Ma Ming's neighbours said they__were__being__driven__mad/crazy(他们正被逼得发疯) being exposed to such noise.
③好奇心驱使我走入空无一人的房间，却发现一只蜂鸟被困在蜘蛛网里。
Curiosity drove__me__to__walk__into__the__empty__room,__only to find that a hummingbird was trapped in spiderwebs.[读后续写之动作描写]
(1)drive off 驱车离去；赶跑
(2)drive sb.to/into... 迫使某人进入某种状态
drive sb.to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
drive sb.mad/crazy 把某人逼得发疯
[佳句背诵] He leaves dirty clothes all over the floor, which drives his mother mad.[读后续写之情绪描写]
他把脏衣服扔得到处都是，这让他妈妈很生气。
INCLUDEPICTURE "圈5LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "圈5LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
“it seems/seemed (that)...”意为“看起来/似乎是……”
[教材原句] It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
它们的喙看起来是根据所在的独特岛屿上可觅得的食物类型进化而来的。
[单句语法填空/微写作]
①I want to give my friend a birthday gift but I don't know what to choose. He seems to__have__had(have) everything he loves.
②随着社会的发展，我们似乎正在失去很多传统，所以我们有责任拯救它们，防止它们消失。
With the development of society, it__seems__that__we__are__losing__a__lot__of__traditions/we__seem__to__be__losing__a__lot__of__traditions,__so it's our responsibility to save them from disappearing.[应用文写作之传统文化]
③他们似乎已经知道了真相，脸上露出了沮丧的表情。
It seemed as__if__they__had__known__the__truth and a depressed expression settled on their faces.
(1)seem (to be) ＋adj./n.看起来好像……
seem to do/to be doing/to have done...
看起来要做/正在做/已经做了……
(2)It seems as if/as though... 看起来好像……
(3)There seems to be... 似乎有……；
好像有……
[佳句背诵] (译林必修一U2)Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation.
虽然有时家庭和睦看起来似乎不太可能，但你可以采取行动来改善这种情况。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting(detect)shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
2．We can choose from a variety of options for dinner, like Chinese food, Italian food and Japanese food.
3．(译林选必三U2)The results of these space investigations have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin, evolution(evolve), and likely future of the universe, such as planets, stars, and all other forms of matter and energy.
4．(译林选必四U2)The more international and globalized the world becomes, the more language characteristics(character) will be shared between nations and cultures.
5．(北师大选必一U3)Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to__blame(blame).
6．(译林选必二U1)Another technique advertisers often employ is to link their company or product to/with a “brand ambassador” —a famous actor, a sports star, or even a fictional character.
7．Howard declined to__come(come) because of personal reasons, and in that case, we asked somebody else to help us overcome the difficulties.
8．His behavior was rather suspicious(suspect) and aroused the police's attention.
9．I prefer to use the plants that used to be native to the river before it became so polluted.
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．(2023·全国甲卷)Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots, yet still manages to add a special twist.B
2．His health declined rapidly after the illness, making his parents cry in despair.C
Ⅲ.一词多义
suspect
A．vt.怀疑 B．n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
C．adj.可疑的；靠不住的
(1)In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of speeding.A
(2)Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect, casting doubt on the validity of their claims.C
(3)What a disgrace！Her son is a murder suspect in the recent crime case that has shocked the community.B
INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET 写作一 Practical Writing——拯救国宝大熊猫
请你以中学生李华的名义为一个英文网站写一封倡议书，呼吁世界各地的学生加入拯救大熊猫的行动。内容包括：
1.大熊猫的生活习性；2.大熊猫的现状；3.介绍我国为保护大熊猫采取的行动；4.号召世界各地的学生加入保护大熊猫的行动。
运用本单元词汇及表达完成句子
1．大熊猫原产于中国，被视为国宝。
Giant__pandas__are__native__to__China,__and are regarded as a national treasure.
2．大熊猫主要生活在中国中西部的深山中，以嫩竹叶为食。
Giant pandas mainly live__in__the__distant__mountains in central and western China, and they feed on tender bamboo leaves.
3．由于人类活动带来的影响，野生大熊猫的数量已下降至2 000只以下。
Due to the influences brought about by human activities, the__number__of__wild__giant__pandas__has__declined__to less than 2，000.
4．为了保护该物种免遭灭绝，中国建立了一些自然保护区并开展了一系列大熊猫研究和繁殖项目。
To__protect__the__species__from__extinction,__China has set up some nature reserves and carried out a__variety__of giant panda research and breeding programmes.
5．在这里，我呼吁全世界的学生加入保护大熊猫的行列。
Here I call__on__the__students__worldwide__to__join the protection of giant pandas.
6．感激所有响应号召的人。
Anyone who__answers__the__call__would__be__appreciated．
运用语法结构或句型润色提升
7．用非限制性定语从句改写句2
Giant__pandas__mainly__live__in__the__distant__mountains__in__central__and__western__China,__which__feed__on__tender__bamboo__leaves.
运用适当的过渡句或衔接词连句成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Giant pandas are native to China, and are regarded as a national treasure.
Giant pandas mainly live in the distant mountains in central and western China, which feed on tender bamboo leaves. But due to the influences brought about by human activities, the number of wild giant pandas has declined to less than 2，000.To protect the species from extinction, China has set up some nature reserves and carried out a variety of giant panda research and breeding programmes.
Here I call on the students worldwide to join the protection of giant pandas. Anyone who answers the call would be appreciated.
INCLUDEPICTURE "写作LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\写作LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET 写作二 Continuation Writing——单元场景续写之植物的心灵疗愈
词汇积累 [情感描写] disgrace；distant；fascinated[心理描写] suspect[动作描写] decline；blame；detect；generate；link；answer the call；evolve
佳句积累 [情感描写] 1.More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. 2.Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.
动作描写：动“腿”
经典词汇 1.march v．齐步走2.crawl v．爬3.rush v．猛冲4.leap v．跳跃
亮点词块 1.shaky/trembling legs颤抖的双腿2.with one's legs wide apart双腿张开3.tired legs疲惫的双腿4.cross one's legs双腿交叉5.drag one's heavy legs拖着沉重的双腿6.run like the wind飞奔7.jump to one's feet跳起来8.run around like a headless chicken毫无头绪地瞎忙一通
出彩表达 1.I paced back and forth, like an ant on a hot pan.(比喻) 我踱来踱去，就像热锅上的蚂蚁。2.He walked up and down restlessly, his face pale and his hands shaking slightly.(独立主格结构)他不安地走来走去，脸色苍白，双手微微颤抖。3.Exhausted and hopeless, I slid into bed, but I was unable to fall asleep.(形容词作状语)我又累又绝望，溜上床，却无法入睡。4.He rushed in and his face flamed with excitement. 他冲了进来，激动得满脸通红。5.With my legs wide apart, I sat on the ground and cared for the plant with great care.(with复合结构)我岔开双腿，坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料着那株植物。6.He ran out of the room in a burst of anger. 他一怒之下跑出了房间。7.He struggled to run towards the finishing line, with his mouth dry and his legs trembling.(with复合结构)他挣扎着向终点线跑去，口干腿抖。8.He sank in the sofa, crossed his legs and rested his chin on one fist, lost in deep thought.(动词的联动；形容词短语作状语) 他一屁股坐在沙发上，盘着腿，一只拳头托着下巴， 陷入了沉思。
[场景导入] 约翰被诊断出患有癌症后，心情非常低落，于是他的妻子给他买了一株植物让他照顾，这株植物成了他的慰藉。
Diagnosed with cancer, John 1.dragged__his__heavy__legs__forward__and__arrived__at__home(拖着沉重的双腿艰难地走回家). He 2.sank__in__the__sofa,__crossed__his__legs__and__rested__his__chin__on__one__fist,__lost__in__deep__thought(一屁股坐在沙发上，盘着腿，一只拳头托着下巴，陷入了沉思；动词的联动). A few minutes later, 3.exhausted__and__hopeless(疲惫和绝望；形容词作状语), he lay in bed, but he was unable to fall asleep. A moment later, he 4.walked__up__and__down__restlessly__in__the__house(在屋里焦躁不安地走来走去), his face pale and his hands shaking slightly. Seeing he was lost in the abyss of sadness, his wife bought him a beautiful plant. He 5.suspected__whether__the__plant__could__make__any__change__for__him(怀疑这株植物是否能让他有所改变), but he didn't decline it. Every day 6.with__his__legs__wide__apart(岔开双腿；with复合结构), he sat on the ground and cared for the plant with great care. During these days of hopelessness, taking care of this plant became a source of comfort for him.
[选自：选修教材 外研版·选修二(新教材) UNIT 2 P11]
The effect filled me with a hopeless sadness. Instead of a sky of blue, filled with stars, there was above me a heavy roof of granite①， which seemed to crush② me. Looking around, I began to think of the theory of the English captain who③ compared the Earth to a vast hollow sphere④， inside of which⑤ the air remained bright by means of⑥ atmospheric pressure, while⑦ two stars, Pluto and Proserpine, circled there in their mysterious orbits. After all, suppose the old fellow was right!
In truth, we were imprisoned⑧—trapped as it were, in a vast space. Its width was impossible to make out⑨； the shore, on either side, widening rapidly until lost to sight; while its length was equally uncertain. A haze⑩ on the distant horizon blocked our view. As to its height, we could see that it must be many miles to the roof. Looking upwards ， it was impossible to discover where the incredible roof began. The lowest of the clouds must have been floating 2，000 yards up, higher than those above the Earth's surface, due to the extreme density of the air.
INCLUDEPICTURE "注释LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "注释LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
①granite n．花岗岩
②crush v．挤压
③who引导定语从句
④sphere n．球
⑤此处为“名词＋of＋which”引导定语从句
⑥by means of通过……的方式
⑦while为并列连词，意为“而；却”
⑧imprison v．监禁
⑨make out辨认出
⑩haze n．薄雾
block v．阻碍
此处为现在分词短语作状语
where引导宾语从句
density n．密度
INCLUDEPICTURE "思考题LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "思考题LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．What does the underlined word “those” mean
Clouds.__
2．用现在分词作状语和定语从句完成句子。
一周前他沿着街道走着，看到一个正在哭泣的女孩。
Walking__along__the__street__a__week__ago,__he__saw__a__girl__who__was__crying.
【识文知意】 那种影响让我充满了绝望的悲伤。在我的头顶上，不再是满天繁星点缀的蓝天，而是一块沉重的花岗岩屋顶，仿佛要将我压垮。环顾四周，我开始想起那个英国船长的理论，他把地球比作一个巨大的空心球，在这个球体内部，由于大气压的作用，空气保持明亮，而冥王星和普洛塞耳皮娜这两颗星星则在其神秘的轨道上环绕运行。毕竟，假设那个老兄说的是对的。
事实上，我们被囚禁了——被困在一个广阔的空间里。这个空间的宽度无法估量；两岸的海岸迅速扩大，直至消失在视线之外；而它的长度也同样不确定。远处地平线上的一层薄雾阻挡了我们的视线。至于它的高度，我们可以看到，离屋顶一定有数英里之遥。抬头望去，无法发现那令人难以置信的屋顶是从哪里开始的。由于空气极度稠密，最低的云层一定漂浮在2 000码的高空，比地球表面的云层还要高。Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·南昌一模)The multitalented, Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci over 500 years ago wrote down his “rule of trees”， which described the way he thought that trees branch. Though it was a brilliant insight that helped him to draw realistic landscapes, Leonardo's rule breaks down for many types of trees. Now, a new branching rule—nicknamed “Leonardo-like”—works virtually for any leafy tree.
“The old Leonardo rule describes the thickness of the branches, while the length of the branch was not taken into account，” says physicist Sergey Grigoriev. “Therefore, the description using the old rule is not complete.” Leonardo's rule says that the thickness of a limb (大枝) before it branches into smaller ones is the same as the combined thickness of the limbs sprouting (生长) from it.
However, according to Grigoriev and his colleagues, it's the surface area that stays the same. Using the surface area as a guide, the new rule incorporates limb widths and lengths, and predicts that long branches end up being thinner than short ones. Unlike Leonardo's guess, the updated rule works well when the team checks slim birches (桦树) as well as strong oaks.
To test their rule, the research team took photographs of trees from a variety of species and analyzed the branches to confirm that the real-world patterns matched the predictions. The photos offer “a direct measurement of the characteristics of a tree without touching it, which can be important when we deal with a living object，” Grigoriev says. Though the team hasn't studied evergreens yet, the rule holds for all of the deciduous trees that the researchers have looked at.
While it's possible to confirm the rule by measuring branches by hand, it would require climbing into trees and checking all the limbs—a risky exercise for trees and scientists alike. “Note，” the researchers write, “that not a single tree was harmed during these experiments.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的研究树干如何生长的规则。
1．What does the Leonardo's rule of trees focus on
A．How tree branches may grow.
B．What environment trees need.
C．How flowers can be drawn better.
D．What landscapes trees can form.
A 解析：细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“which described the way he thought that trees branch”及第二段中的“The old Leonardo rule describes the thickness of the branches”可知，列奥纳多的树木法则侧重于树枝会如何生长。
2．Why are birches and oaks mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To state the correctness of the new rule.
B．To present Leonardo's influential works.
C．To compare the features of different trees.
D．To show the popularity of Leonardo's rule.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Unlike Leonardo's guess...strong oaks.”可知，更新后的规则在团队检查细长的桦树和强壮的橡树时效果很好，这说明新规则是正确的。
3．How did the researchers prove the new rule
A．By applying it to various trees.
B．By conducting on-site inspection.
C．By analyzing pictures of branches.
D．By measuring real branches directly.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“To test their rule...matched the predictions.”可知，研究小组是通过分析树木照片来测试新规则的。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Further experiments are required.
B．The protection of trees is stressed.
C．Risky accidents happened in the study.
D．Trees were damaged in the experiments.
B 解析：推理判断题。通读最后一段尤其是“that not a single...during these experiments”可推知，本段强调了对树的保护。
B
(2025·沈阳质监一)Parrots consistently top the charts of the world's smartest animals. A new discovery published by the Royal Society Open Science reveals to us what sets the intelligent individual monk parakeet (和尚鹦鹉) apart in a group.
Previously, it was thought that these birds introduced themselves to others with a sort of “catchphrase” that distinguished their identity. However, after running the vocalizations (发声) collected in this study through a machine learning program, a team led by Simeon Smeele, a doctoral student at Aarhus University in Denmark, found that the birds actually had “voiceprints” like humans that identify themselves in the group.
The researchers studied thousands of monk parakeet vocalizations from hundreds of birds in Barcelona across two years and ran these recordings through the program that identifies small differences in their calls.
“The voiceprint is the underlying quality of a voice that you can recognize in humans, and this is the first time that it has been shown in another vocal learner，” Smeele said. For example, the voiceprint of your father is how you know it's his voice, even if he isn't present. “This is what I think could explain how they recognize each other, because it can be stable over very long periods of time，” he added.
This shows that these birds also have that sort of information that they might be using in their complicated social interactions, said Emily DuVal, Ph. D．， a behavioral ecologist at Florida State University. “Research into animal communication has the potential to motivate the public into action to conserve animals. Recognizing who each other is and understanding how they interact with one another are important for human life，” she said.
This model can potentially be applied to other animals with vocal recognition like bottlenose dolphins, bats and elephants. Future research will look into whether these voiceprints are recognized by all parakeets in the community or only a circle of close relatives.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，聪明的和尚鹦鹉使用与人类一样的“声纹”，可以识别自己在群体之中的身份。
5. What helps the monk parakeets recognize each other
A．The catchphrase.
B．The intelligence.
C．The voiceprint.
D．The communication.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“found that...that identify themselves in the group”可知，“声纹”可以让和尚鹦鹉识别自己在群体中的身份。
6. How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By combining “catchphrases” with “voiceprints”．
B.By keeping track of the monk parakeets' relatives.
C．By collecting vocalizations and identifying their differences.
D.By comparing humans' voiceprints with monk parakeets'.
C 解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“after running the vocalizations collected...learning program”及第三段中的“ran these recordings...identifies small differences in their calls”可知，研究者通过收集声音并识别它们的差异进行研究。
7. What will the future study focus on
A．The information that voiceprints can express.
B．The potential influence that voiceprints can bring.
C．The animals among which voiceprints are identified.
D．The range where monk parakeets' voiceprints are recognized.
D 解析：推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“Future research...close relatives.”可推知，未来的研究将着眼于和尚鹦鹉的声纹被识别的范围。
8. What can be the best title for the passage
A．Monk Parakeets Are Great Vocal Learners
B.Monk Parakeets Resemble Humans in Communication
C．“Voiceprints” Are Found in Animals' Social Interactions
D．“Voiceprints” Help Monk Parakeets Identify Themselves
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段中的“found that the birds...identify themselves in the group”可知，和尚鹦鹉有与人类一样的“声纹”，可以识别自己在该群体中的身份。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·石家庄教学质检二)Anytime I travel on my bicycle across the country, I'm always amazed by how kind people can be to strangers.
One night, my friends and I were camping in a town in Missouri. There was a severe storm and we were getting __1__. A complete stranger came by to __2__us that there were tornadoes (龙卷风) heading in our way. The stranger invited us to his home. We were surprised by his__3__ for our safety. Later we learned that there had been a lightning strike near the place where we had camped and several cattle had been __4__．
Fortunately, we spent the night in a nice dry home. We were __5__ given the opportunity to take a shower. The next morning we had breakfast with the family and __6__ contact information. In a way we felt like the family had become a part of our journey. This was one of the most heartwarming __7__ of my life because this family had nothing to __8__by being so kind to us. __9__we were not the type they could usually __10__ but they treated us with respect and kindness.
The kindness of a stranger always__11__my faith in humanity. Whatever the person __12__ always comes with no strings attached and that's the most __13__ part. That family __14__ us so much that during the rest of the trip, we __15__ others out every chance we got. We even bought food with our busking (街头卖艺) tips for the homeless. It's always heartwarming when giving feels as good as receiving.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和朋友们在露营时遭遇了猛烈的暴风雨，他们在收到来自好心人的善意后，将善意回报给社会的故事。
1．A.annoyed B.impatient
C．excited D．nervous
D 解析：根据上文“There was a severe storm”可知，因为那里有猛烈的暴风雨，所以他们变紧张(nervous)了。
2．A.warn B．show
C．convince D．guarantee
A 解析：根据下文“there were tornadoes heading in our way”可知，陌生人是在好心警告(warn)他们龙卷风正在向他们袭来。
3．A.demand B．concern
C．desire D．responsibility
B 解析：根据上文“there were tornadoes...us to his home”可知，这个陌生人担心(concern)作者和朋友们的安全。
4．A.drowned B．deserted
C．killed D．trapped
C 解析：根据上文“there had been a lightning strike near the place where we had camped”可知，几头牛应是被杀死(kill)了。
5．A.even B．merely
C．often D．simply
A 解析：根据上文“we spent...dry home”以及下文the opportunity...shower可知，陌生人甚至(even)给了他们洗澡的机会。
6．A.submitted B．exchanged
C．checked D．updated
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者以及他的朋友们和这个好心人原本是不认识的，因此此处指这次事情后他们交换(exchange)了联系信息。
7．A.experiences B．messages
C．traditions D．comments
A 解析：根据上文陌生人对他们的帮助可知，这是作者一生中最温馨的经历(experience)之一，因为这家人对他们很好却没有获得(gain)什么。
8．A.fear B．order
C．gain D．offer
C 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.Especially B．Officially
C．Occasionally D．Quickly
A 解析：根据语境及空后“but they treated us with respect and kindness”可知，尤其是(especially)作者和朋友们不是这家人会经常交往(associate with)的人，但这家人尊重且善良地招待了他们。
10．A.ask about B．complain about
C．agree with D．associate with
D 解析：参见上题解析。
11．A.reveals B．shakes
C．strengthens D．shapes
C 解析：根据上文内容可知，此处指陌生人的善意增强(strengthen)了作者对人性的信心。
12．A.states B．wishes
C．saves D．gives
D 解析：根据上文可知，作者和朋友们遇到的陌生人对他们展示的是尊重和善意，且没有要求回报，所以此处指陌生人总是给予(give)，没有附加条件，这是最令人敬佩的(impressive)部分。
13．A.impressive B．practical
C．satisfactory D．evident
A 解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.funded B．inspired
C．owed D．delighted
B 解析：根据下文“We even bought food...for the homeless.”可知，作者他们深受那家人的启发(inspire)，在接下来的旅途中他们一有机会就帮助(help)别人。
15．A.drove B．sought
C．helped D．pointed
C 解析：参见上题解析。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2025·昆明第二次“三诊一模”) 假定你是李华，你在学校举办的“Adversity and Courage”英语演讲比赛中获一等奖，请给你的指导外教莫顿小姐(Miss Morton)写一封邮件表示感谢。内容包括：
1．感谢指导；
2．个人感悟。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Miss Morton,
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Miss__Morton，
I'm writing to convey my gratitude to you for your invaluable assistance in the English speech contest with the theme of “Adversity and Courage”. Without your guidance, I couldn't have ranked the first.
Your professional and constructive criticism has been a key part of my progress. From choices of words to the presentation skills of attracting audiences, your lessons have been enlightening. What's particularly memorable is that your feedback is always on point and encouraging, forming the core of my confidence and persistence. Looking back, the whole process enables me to pursue my dream courageously despite the obstacles on the way.
Many thanks again for your kind help.
Yours，
Li__Hua
INCLUDEPICTURE "学习单.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "学习单.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
核心单词 [A篇]genius n．天才人物；(某领域的)天才 incorporate v．使并入；将……包括在内；包含；吸收 deciduous adj.落叶的 [B篇]consistently adv.一贯地 distinguish v．区分，辨别 identify v．确认；找到，发现；说明身份 recording n．录音 recognize v．认出，辨别出 stable adj.稳定的；稳固的；牢固的 complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的 potential n．潜力，潜质 adj.潜在的；可能的 motivate v．激发，激励
派生词汇 [A篇]leaf n．叶子→leafy adj.多叶的；叶茂的 thick adj.厚的；粗的→thickness n．厚；厚度；粗 long adj.长的→length n．长；长度 describe v．描述；形容；把……称为→description n．描写(文字)；形容；说明 wide adj.宽的；宽阔的→width n．宽度；广度 risk n．危险；风险→risky adj.有危险(或风险)的
重点短语 [A篇]take...into account把……考虑在内 [B篇]set...apart 突出，使显眼；使分开 look into 调查，研究
长难句分析 [B篇]However, after running the vocalizations collected in this study through a machine learning program, a team led by Simeon Smeele, a doctoral student at Aarhus University in Denmark, found that the birds actually had “voiceprints” like humans that identify themselves in the group.[分析] 本句是复合句。句中collected in this study为过去分词短语作后置定语；第一个that引导宾语从句，作found的宾语；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词voiceprints。[译文] 然而，在将此研究中被收集起来的和尚鹦鹉的声音在一个机器学习程序中运行之后，一个由丹麦奥胡斯大学博士生西米恩·斯米尔领导的团队发现这些鸟实际上有与人类一样的“声纹”，可以识别自己在这一群体中的身份。
