Unit 6 When was it invented 重点短语和句子总结 人教版英语九年级全一册

Unit 6 When was it invented 重点短语和句子总结
一、重点短语（英文+中文翻译+课本语境示例+拓展说明）
（一）核心基础短语（物品与发明相关）
invention —— n. 发明；发明物
（课本语境）The zipper is such a great invention that we use it in daily life everywhere. 拉链是一项非常伟大的发明，我们在日常生活中随处都能用到它。
（拓展说明）词性变化：invent v. 发明（invent the telephone 发明电话）；inventor n. 发明家（the inventor of the light bulb 灯泡的发明家）。
invent —— v. 发明；创造
（课本语境）Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
（拓展说明）辨析“invent”与“discover”：invent指“创造前所未有的事物”（如发明机器），discover指“发现已存在但未被知晓的事物”（如发现新大陆）。
be invented by —— 由……发明
（课本语境）The zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. 拉链是由惠特科姆·贾德森在1893年发明的。
（拓展说明）被动语态结构，by后接动作的执行者（人/团队），若强调时间/地点，可搭配“in+时间” “in+地点”，如“The computer was invented by Alan Turing in the UK.”
be invented in —— 在……（时间/地点）发明
（课本语境）The telephone was invented in 1876. 电话是在1876年发明的。
（拓展说明）后接时间时，用“in+年份/世纪”（in 1927 在1927年）；后接地点时，用“in+国家/城市”（in China 在中国），如“The compass was invented in China.”
be used for —— 被用于……（表用途）
（课本语境）The hot ice-cream scoop is used for serving really cold ice-cream. 加热式冰淇淋勺是用来舀非常凉的冰淇淋的。
（拓展说明）后接名词或动名词，同义短语“be used to do sth.”（被用来做某事），如“This tool is used to open bottles. = This tool is used for opening bottles.”
be used as —— 被用作……（表功能）
（课本语境）Bamboo can be used as a material to make chairs. 竹子可以被用作制作椅子的材料。
（拓展说明）强调“被当作某种事物使用”，与“be used for” 区别：前者接“事物”（as a pen 当作笔用），后者接“用途”（for writing 用于写字）。
shoes with special heels —— 带特殊鞋跟的鞋子
（课本语境）Shoes with special heels are used for changing the style of the shoes. 带特殊鞋跟的鞋子是用来改变鞋子风格的。
（拓展说明）“with+名词” 表“带有……特征”，类似搭配：a coat with a hood 带兜帽的外套；a phone with a big screen 大屏幕手机。
shoes with lights —— 带灯的鞋子
（课本语境）Shoes with lights are used for seeing in the dark when you walk at night. 带灯的鞋子是用来在晚上走路时照亮黑暗的。
（拓展说明）课本2a听力中提到的“创意发明”，体现“发明解决实际问题”的思路，类似发明：a cup with a temperature sensor 带温度传感器的杯子。
hot ice-cream scoop —— 加热式冰淇淋勺
（课本语境）The hot ice-cream scoop runs on electricity and is used for serving hard ice-cream. 加热式冰淇淋勺靠电力工作，用来舀坚硬的冰淇淋。
（拓展说明）“hot” 在此处指“可加热的”，不是“热的”，避免误解；“run on electricity” 表“靠电力运行”，类似表达“run on solar energy 靠太阳能运行”。
daily life —— 日常生活
（课本语境）Inventions like the zipper make our daily life more convenient. 像拉链这样的发明让我们的日常生活更方便。
（拓展说明）同义短语“everyday life”，但“daily” 可作副词（daily exercise 日常锻炼），“everyday” 仅作形容词（everyday things 日常用品）。
（二）历史与文化相关短语
by accident —— 偶然；意外地
（课本语境）Tea was invented by accident when Shen Nong boiled drinking water. 茶是神农煮饮用水时偶然发明的。
（拓展说明）同义短语“by chance”，反义短语“on purpose”（故意地），如“He didn’t break the cup by accident—he did it on purpose.”
according to —— 根据；按照
（课本语境）According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming. 根据中国历史，天灯最初是由诸葛亮使用的。
（拓展说明）后接名词/代词/从句，如“According to the report, the invention will be on sale next year.”
the sage of tea —— 茶圣
（课本语境）Lu Yu, “the sage of tea”, wrote the book Cha Jing. “茶圣”陆羽写了《茶经》一书。
（拓展说明）文化背景：“sage” 指“圣人；智者”，陆羽因撰写世界上第一部茶叶专著《茶经》，被后人尊称为“茶圣”，类似表达“the sage of Confucius 孔圣人”。
Cha Jing —— 《茶经》
（课本语境）Cha Jing describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. 《茶经》描述了茶树如何种植以及如何用来制茶。
（拓展说明）文化背景：《茶经》是唐代陆羽所著，共三卷十节，详细记录了茶叶的起源、种植、制作、饮用等知识，是中国茶文化的经典著作。
spread to —— 传播到……
（课本语境）Tea was spread to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. 茶在6至7世纪传播到了朝鲜和日本。
（拓展说明）被动语态常用“be spread to”，如“Paper-making technology was spread to Europe in the 12th century.”
the tea trade —— 茶叶贸易
（课本语境）The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. 中国与西方国家的茶叶贸易始于19世纪。
（拓展说明）“trade” 此处为名词“贸易”，常用搭配“international trade 国际贸易” “trade with... 与……的贸易”，如“China has a long history of trade with Southeast Asia.”
take place —— 发生；举行（无被动语态）
（课本语境）The first basketball game took place on December 21, 1891. 第一场篮球比赛发生在1891年12月21日。
（拓展说明）辨析“take place”与“happen”：两者均表“发生”，take place指“有计划、有安排的发生”（如举办会议），happen指“偶然发生”（如发生事故），如“The meeting will take place next Monday. / An accident happened yesterday.”
the popularity of —— ……的普及；……的流行
（课本语境）The popularity of basketball has risen around the world. 篮球在全世界的普及率已经提高了。
（拓展说明）“popularity” 为名词，由形容词“popular” 变化而来，常用搭配“gain popularity 变得流行” “increase in popularity 普及率提高”，如“Online shopping has gained great popularity in recent years.”
look up to —— 钦佩；仰慕
（课本语境）Many young people look up to basketball heroes like Yao Ming. 很多年轻人钦佩像姚明这样的篮球英雄。
（拓展说明）后接人或事物，如“I look up to my English teacher because she’s very knowledgeable.”
achieve one’s dream —— 实现某人的梦想
（课本语境）These basketball stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. 这些篮球明星鼓励年轻人努力实现自己的梦想。
（拓展说明）同义短语“realize one’s dream”，如“He worked day and night to achieve his dream of becoming a doctor.”
（三）工艺与制作相关短语
boil drinking water —— 煮饮用水
（课本语境）Shen Nong was boiling drinking water when some tea leaves fell into the pot. 神农正在煮饮用水时，一些茶叶掉进了锅里。
（拓展说明）“boil” 为动词“煮沸”，常用搭配“boil water 烧水” “boil eggs 煮鸡蛋”，如“My mom is boiling water for making tea.”
remain in the water —— 留在水里
（课本语境）The tea leaves remained in the water for some time and produced a nice smell. 茶叶在水里留了一段时间，散发出好闻的香味。
（拓展说明）“remain” 为动词“保持；停留”，后接介词短语/形容词，如“The door remained open all night. / He remained in his seat after class.”
produce a nice smell —— 散发出好闻的香味
（课本语境）After the tea leaves fell into the water, they produced a nice smell. 茶叶掉进水里后，散发出了好闻的香味。
（拓展说明）“produce” 此处为“产生；发出”，还可表“生产”（produce cars 生产汽车），如“This factory produces 1,000 computers a day.”
be fired at a high heat —— 被高温烧制
（课本语境）The clay pieces are fired at a high heat to make them hard. 陶艺作品被高温烧制，使其变硬。
（拓展说明）课本Unit 5中提到的陶艺制作步骤，“fire” 此处为“烧制（陶瓷）”，不是“火”，如“Pottery needs to be fired at a high temperature.”
be polished and painted —— 被打磨和上漆
（课本语境）After being fired, the clay pieces are polished and painted to look beautiful. 烧制后，陶艺作品会被打磨和上漆，使其看起来美观。
（拓展说明）被动语态结构，体现“陶艺制作的最后步骤”，“polish” 为“打磨”，“paint” 为“上漆”，如“The wooden table was polished and painted last week.”
二、重点句子（英文+中文翻译+句型解析+课本场景+拓展应用）
（一）询问发明时间与发明者句型
A: When was the telephone invented B: It was invented in 1876.
—— A：电话是什么时候发明的？B：它是在1876年发明的。
（句型解析）核心结构：“When + be + 发明物 + invented ”（询问发明时间），回答用“发明物 + be + invented + in + 时间”；被动语态“was invented” 强调“电话被发明”的动作，而非“谁发明”。
（课本场景）课本1b听力中对“电话、汽车、电视、电脑”发明时间的询问，即此句型的典型应用，如“When was the TV invented It was invented in 1927.”
（拓展应用）A: When was the compass invented B: It was invented in the Han Dynasty. A：指南针是什么时候发明的？B：它是在汉朝发明的。
A: Who was the telephone invented by B: It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
—— A：电话是由谁发明的？B：它是由亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明的。
（句型解析）核心结构：“Who + be + 发明物 + invented by ”（询问发明者），回答用“发明物 + be + invented by + 发明者”；by后必须接动作的执行者，不可省略。
（课本场景）课本Grammar Focus原句，对应“拉链的发明者” “灯泡的发明者”等询问，如“Who was the zipper invented by It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.”
（拓展应用）A: Who was paper invented by B: It was invented by Cai Lun. A：纸是由谁发明的？B：它是由蔡伦发明的。
A: Was the light bulb invented before the car B: No, it wasn’t. The car was invented before the light bulb.
—— A：灯泡是在汽车之前发明的吗？B：不是，汽车是在灯泡之前发明的。
（句型解析）一般疑问句结构：“Be + 发明物 + invented + 时间状语 ”，回答需明确“是/否”，并补充正确的时间关系；此处“before” 表“在……之前”，用于比较两个发明的时间顺序。
（课本场景）课本1a讨论“发明顺序”的对话，如“Was the TV invented after the computer No, it wasn’t. The TV was invented before the computer.”
（拓展应用）A: Was the printing press invented before the compass B: No, it wasn’t. The compass was invented before the printing press. A：印刷术是在指南针之前发明的吗？B：不是，指南针是在印刷术之前发明的。
（二）描述发明过程与用途句型
Tea was invented by accident. One day, Shen Nong was boiling drinking water, and some tea leaves fell into the pot.
—— 茶是偶然发明的。一天，神农正在煮饮用水，一些茶叶掉进了锅里。
（句型解析）用“by accident” 说明发明的“偶然性”，后接具体场景（过去进行时“was boiling” + 一般过去时“fell”），体现“过去进行时+when/and” 表“过去正在做某事时，另一件事发生”的结构。
（课本场景）课本3a短文“An Accidental Invention” 的核心句，讲述茶的发明故事，是单元“偶然发明”主题的典型示例。
（拓展应用）Potato chips were invented by accident. A customer thought the potatoes were too thick, so the cook cut them very thin. 薯片是偶然发明的。一位顾客觉得土豆太厚，所以厨师把它们切得很薄。
The hot ice-cream scoop is used for serving really cold ice-cream. It runs on electricity.
—— 加热式冰淇淋勺是用来舀非常凉的冰淇淋的，它靠电力运行。
（句型解析）“be used for + 动名词” 表用途，“runs on electricity” 补充说明“运行方式”，使描述更完整；“really cold” 强调“冰淇淋的硬度”，解释发明的必要性。
（课本场景）课本2b听力中对“创意发明用途”的描述，如“Shoes with lights are used for seeing in the dark. They have small lights on the top.”
（拓展应用）The smart watch is used for checking time and making calls. It runs on a rechargeable battery. 智能手表是用来查看时间和打电话的，它靠可充电电池运行。
Basketball was invented by James Naismith. He wanted to create a game that could be played indoors in winter.
—— 篮球是由詹姆斯·奈史密斯发明的。他想创造一种能在冬天在室内玩的游戏。
（句型解析）前句用被动语态说明“发明者”，后句用主动语态解释“发明的目的”（“wanted to create” 表“想要创造”，“that could be played” 为定语从句，修饰“a game”）。
（课本场景）课本2b短文对篮球发明背景的介绍，体现“发明源于实际需求”的逻辑，如“James Naismith taught people to play basketball in his class.”
（拓展应用）The umbrella was invented by Lu Ban. He wanted to create a tool that could protect people from rain and sun. 伞是由鲁班发明的。他想创造一种能保护人们免受雨淋日晒的工具。
（三）文化与历史关联句型
It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
—— 据说一位名叫神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶可以作为饮品的人。
（句型解析）“It is said that...” 为固定句型，表“据说……”，that后接完整从句；“called Shen Nong” 为后置定语，修饰“a Chinese ruler”；“the first to do sth.” 表“第一个做某事的人”。
（课本场景）课本3a短文开篇句，用“据说”引出历史传说，符合“茶的起源”的文化描述语境，避免绝对化表述。
（拓展应用）It is said that Confucius was born in Qufu. 据说孔子出生在曲阜。
According to Cha Jing, tea plants were grown on the sides of mountains and the finest tea leaves were produced in certain areas.
—— 根据《茶经》记载，茶树种植在山坡上，最好的茶叶产自特定的地区。
（句型解析）“According to + 文献/资料” 引出权威依据，后接被动语态“were grown” “were produced”，强调“茶树被种植” “茶叶被生产”的客观事实，体现《茶经》的科学性。
（课本场景）课本3a中对《茶经》内容的引用，补充茶的“种植环境”和“优质产地”，丰富文化知识。
（拓展应用）According to historical records, the Great Wall was built over 2,000 years ago. 根据历史记载，长城建于两千多年前。
Tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries, and it became popular in England around 1660.
—— 茶在6至7世纪被带到了朝鲜和日本，大约在1660年在英国流行起来。
（句型解析）用“and” 连接两个并列的被动语态句子，分别说明茶的“传播时间”和“流行时间”，时间状语“during the 6th and 7th centuries” “around 1660” 使时间线清晰。
（课本场景）课本3a中对茶“传播路径”的描述，体现“从中国到亚洲邻国，再到欧洲”的传播过程，是单元“文化传播”主题的重要内容。
（拓展应用）Paper-making technology was brought to the Arab world in the 8th century, and it spread to Europe in the 12th century. 造纸术在8世纪被带到阿拉伯世界，12世纪传播到欧洲。
Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play but also a popular sport to watch.
—— 篮球不仅成为一项受欢迎的运动项目，也成为一项受欢迎的观赏运动。
（句型解析）“not only...but also...” 连接两个并列的“a popular sport”，表“不仅……而且……”，强调篮球在“参与”和“观赏”两方面的普及；“to play” “to watch” 为后置定语，修饰“sport”。
（课本场景）课本2b短文对篮球“流行程度”的描述，如“NBA games are popular to watch, and CBA games are also becoming more popular in China.”
（拓展应用）Football has not only become a popular sport in Europe but also in Asia. 足球不仅在欧洲成为受欢迎的运动，在亚洲也很受欢迎。
（四）Grammar Focus核心句型（课本原句+深度解析+拓展应用）
When was the zipper invented It was invented in 1893.
—— 拉链是什么时候发明的？它是在1893年发明的。
（深度解析）此句为“询问发明时间”的基础句型，被动语态“was invented” 是核心：当主语（拉链）是动作（发明）的承受者时，必须用被动语态；若用主动语态，则需明确主语（发明者），如“When did Whitcomb Judson invent the zipper He invented it in 1893.”
（拓展应用）When was the camera invented It was invented in 1826. 相机是什么时候发明的？它是在1826年发明的。
Who was it invented by It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.
—— 它（拉链）是由谁发明的？它是由惠特科姆·贾德森发明的。
（深度解析）“Who was it invented by ” 是“Who was the zipper invented by ” 的省略形式，口语中常用“it” 指代前文提到的发明物（拉链），避免重复；by不可省略，否则句子结构不完整（错误：Who was it invented ）。
（拓展应用）Who was the light bulb invented by It was invented by Thomas Edison. 灯泡是由谁发明的？它是由托马斯·爱迪生发明的。
When was tea brought to Korea It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.
—— 茶是什么时候被带到朝鲜的？它是在6至7世纪被带到朝鲜的。
（深度解析）“be brought to” 是“bring to” 的被动语态，表“被带到……”，此处“bring” 为“带来；传入”，不是“拿来”；时间状语“during the 6th and 7th centuries” 需用“during”，不可用“in”（in后接具体年份，如in 500 AD）。
（拓展应用）When was Buddhism brought to China It was brought to China during the Eastern Han Dynasty. 佛教是什么时候传入中国的？它是在东汉时期传入中国的。
What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream.
—— 加热式冰淇淋勺是用来做什么的？它是用来舀非常凉的冰淇淋的。
（深度解析）“What is...used for ” 是询问“物品用途”的核心句型，回答用“be used for + 动名词”；“serving” 为“舀取”，搭配“serve food 上菜” “serve drinks 倒饮料”，此处“serve really cold ice-cream” 强调“应对坚硬冰淇淋”的功能。
（拓展应用）What is this machine used for It’s used for cutting paper into different shapes. 这台机器是用来做什么的？它是用来把纸剪成不同形状的。
Active Voice: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Passive Voice: The telephone was invented (by Alexander Graham Bell) in 1876.
—— 主动语态：亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。被动语态：电话（由亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔）在1876年发明的。
（深度解析）主动语态强调“发明者（主语）做了什么”，被动语态强调“发明物（主语）被怎样处理”；当不需要强调发明者时，可省略“by Alexander Graham Bell”，如“The telephone was invented in 1876.”；被动语态的结构为“主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by 执行者) + 其他”。
（拓展应用）Active Voice: Workers built the Great Wall in ancient China. Passive Voice: The Great Wall was built (by workers) in ancient China. 主动语态：工人们在古代中国修建了长城。被动语态：长城（由工人们）在古代中国修建的。
（五）拓展提升句型（结合故事与观点）
Although the zipper was invented in 1893, it wasn’t used widely until around 1917.
—— 虽然拉链在1893年就被发明了，但直到1917年左右才被广泛使用。
（句型解析）“Although” 引导让步状语从句，表“虽然……但是……”，不可与“but” 连用；“wasn’t used widely” 表“未被广泛使用”，“until” 表“直到……才”，体现“发明到普及的时间差”。
（课本场景）课本2d对话中对拉链“发明与普及”的描述，说明很多发明需要时间才能被接受，如“Although the light bulb was invented in 1879, it took years to be used in homes.”
（拓展应用）Although the computer was invented in 1946, it wasn’t used in offices until the 1970s. 虽然电脑在1946年就被发明了，但直到20世纪70年代才在办公室使用。
The more people play basketball, the more popular it becomes.
—— 打篮球的人越多，它（篮球）就越受欢迎。
（句型解析）“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...” 表“越……，越……”，前半句为条件，后半句为结果；“the more people” 是“more people” 的强调形式，“the more popular” 是“more popular” 的强调形式。
（课本场景）课本2b短文对篮球“流行原因”的总结，如“The more NBA games are shown on TV, the more people become interested in basketball.”
（拓展应用）The more we read, the more knowledge we get. 我们读的书越多，获得的知识就越多。
It is believed that tea was first drunk about 5,000 years ago.
—— 人们认为茶最早在大约5000年前就被饮用了。
（句型解析）“It is believed that...” 为固定句型，表“人们认为……”，与“It is said that...” 类似，均为“it作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句”的结构；“was first drunk” 为被动语态，表“茶被饮用”。
（课本场景）课本3a短文对茶“饮用历史”的描述，用“人们认为”体现历史记载的客观性，避免绝对化表述。
（拓展应用）It is believed that the Great Wall was built to protect the country. 人们认为修建长城是为了保卫国家。
Mario thinks that the zipper is such a great invention that we can’t live without it.
—— 马里奥认为拉链是一项非常伟大的发明，我们的生活离不开它。
（句型解析）“such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that...” 表“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；“can’t live without it” 表“离不开它”，强调发明对生活的重要性。
（课本场景）课本1c对话中对“拉链重要性”的评价，如“Many people think that the telephone is such a great invention that it changes people’s way of communication.”
（拓展应用）Lucy thinks that the Internet is such a great invention that we can’t work without it. 露西认为互联网是一项非常伟大的发明，我们工作离不开它。
If we didn’t have the invention of electricity, many other inventions like the TV and the computer wouldn’t exist.
—— 如果没有电的发明，很多其他发明如电视和电脑就不会存在。
（句型解析）虚拟语气结构：“If + 主语 + didn’t have..., 主语 + wouldn’t + 动词原形”，表“与现在事实相反的假设”；“the invention of electricity” 表“电的发明”，“wouldn’t exist” 表“不会存在”，强调基础发明的重要性。
（拓展应用）If we didn’t have the invention of paper, we wouldn’t be able to read books easily. 如果没有纸的发明，我们就不能轻松地读书了。