Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands. 重点知识总结
一、核心短语(英文+中文翻译+课本语境+用法拓展+教学适配提示)
(一)社交礼仪基础短语
be supposed to do sth.
中文翻译:应该做某事;被期望做某事
课本语境:What are people in Japan supposed to do when they meet for the first time They’re supposed to bow.(日本人初次见面时应该做什么?他们应该鞠躬。)
用法拓展:
否定式:be not supposed to do sth.(不应该做某事),如 You’re not supposed to talk loudly in the library.(你不应该在图书馆大声说话。)
疑问式:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + supposed to do sth. ,如 Are we supposed to wear uniforms to school (我们应该穿校服上学吗?)
教学提示:结合学生生活场景举例(如上学、家庭、购物),帮助理解“规则/期望下的行为”,避免抽象化。
shake hands
中文翻译:握手
课本语境:In the United States, people are expected to shake hands when they meet for the first time.(在美国,人们初次见面时应该握手。)
用法拓展:
固定搭配:shake hands with sb.(和某人握手),如 He shook hands with the new teacher politely.(他礼貌地和新老师握手。)
注意:不可加不定冠词,不能说“shake a hand”。
教学提示:可通过动作演示帮助学生记忆,对比“shake hands”和“wave hands(挥手)”的区别,避免混淆。
bow
中文翻译:v. 鞠躬;n. 鞠躬
课本语境:John didn’t know that people in Japan are supposed to bow when they meet.(约翰不知道日本人见面时应该鞠躬。)
用法拓展:
搭配:bow to sb.(向某人鞠躬),如 The students bowed to their parents to show thanks.(学生们向父母鞠躬表示感谢。)
词性转换:bow(v.)→ bow(n.),如 He gave a deep bow to the audience.(他向观众深深鞠了一躬。)
教学提示:结合课本对话,让学生分角色模拟“鞠躬”和“握手”的场景,强化语境记忆。
be expected to do sth.
中文翻译:被期望做某事;应该做某事
课本语境:In Switzerland, you’re expected to be on time for meetings.(在瑞士,人们期望你准时参加会议。)
用法拓展:
与“be supposed to do sth.” 辨析:二者近义,但“be expected to” 更强调“他人/社会的期望”,语气稍正式,如 Children are expected to finish homework on time.(人们期望孩子准时完成作业。)
教学提示:通过“学校规则”例句对比,如 Students are supposed to arrive on time. = Students are expected to arrive on time.(学生应该准时到校。)
(二)时间与拜访礼仪短语
be on time
中文翻译:准时
课本语境:Marc said, “In Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time. If you’re 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.”(马克说:“在瑞士,准时非常重要,如果你迟到15分钟,朋友可能会生气。”)
用法拓展:
反义短语:be late (for sth.)(迟到),如 She was late for the math class.(她数学课迟到了。)
搭配:be on time for + 名词,如 Be on time for the train.(准时赶火车。)
教学提示:联系学生日常(上课、考试、聚会),让学生用“be on time”和“be late for”造句,强化运用。
keep sb. waiting
中文翻译:让某人等待
课本语境:It’s impolite to keep others waiting, especially in formal situations.(让别人等待是不礼貌的,尤其是在正式场合。)
用法拓展:
结构:keep sb. + 动词-ing/形容词,如 Don’t keep your mother waiting.(别让你妈妈等。)Keep the door open.(让门开着。)
教学提示:结合“礼貌教育”,引导学生用该短语表达“道歉”,如 I’m sorry for keeping you waiting.(抱歉让你久等了。)
make plans (to do sth.)
中文翻译:制定计划(做某事)
课本语境:In Switzerland, people almost always make plans to meet friends.(在瑞士,人们几乎总是制定计划见朋友。)
用法拓展:
搭配:make plans with sb.(和某人制定计划)、change plans(改变计划),如 We made plans to go to the park this Sunday.(我们计划这周日去公园。)
教学提示:让学生结合周末安排造句,如 I make plans to finish my homework first.(我计划先完成作业。),贴近生活场景。
(三)餐桌礼仪短语
stick chopsticks into the food
中文翻译:把筷子插进食物里
课本语境:In China, you’re not supposed to stick your chopsticks into the food.(在中国,你不应该把筷子插进食物里。)
用法拓展:
否定式运用:You’re not supposed to stick chopsticks into the rice.(你不应该把筷子插进米饭里。)
教学提示:结合中餐场景,明确“筷子使用禁忌”,帮助学生理解“文化中的行为规范”,避免跨文化误解。
point at sb. with chopsticks
中文翻译:用筷子指着某人
课本语境:It’s impolite to point at anyone with your chopsticks during a meal.(吃饭时用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。)
用法拓展:
基础短语:point at sb./sth.(指着某人/某物),如 Don’t point at others in class.(课堂上别指着别人。)
教学提示:通过“情景判断”练习(如“用筷子指人是否礼貌”),强化“礼仪规范”的记忆。
eat with hands
中文翻译:用手吃饭
课本语境:In India, people are supposed to eat with their hands.(在印度,人们应该用手吃饭。)
用法拓展:
注意:部分文化中“用手吃饭”是正常礼仪,但需结合具体场景,如 In some countries, people eat hamburgers with hands.(在一些国家,人们用手吃汉堡。)
教学提示:通过“不同场景下的用餐方式”对比,帮助学生理解“行为规范的场景性”,避免绝对化认知。
二、重点句型(英文+中文翻译+句型解析+课本场景+教学应用建议)
(一)询问“特定场景下的行为规范”句型
What are people in + 国家 + supposed to do when + 情景
中文翻译:在……国家,人们在……情景时应该做什么?
句型解析:用于询问“不同国家在特定场景下的礼仪”,“when”引导时间状语从句,描述具体情景。
课本场景:What are people in Brazil supposed to do when they meet for the first time (巴西人初次见面时应该做什么?)
教学应用:
让学生分组,用“China/US/Japan”等国家和“meet for the first time/visit a friend’s home/have dinner”等情景造句,如 What are people in China supposed to do when they visit a friend’s home (中国人拜访朋友家时应该做什么?)
结合课本1a表格,完成“国家-礼仪”匹配,强化句型运用。
Are we supposed to + 行为
中文翻译:我们应该做……吗?
句型解析:用于确认“自己是否应该做某事”,语气委婉,常见于不确定规则的场景。
课本场景:Are we supposed to wear jeans to the party (我们应该穿牛仔裤去派对吗?)
教学应用:
设计“学校规则问答”活动,如学生问 Are we supposed to bring books to the PE class (我们应该带书去体育课吗?),教师回答 No, you’re not supposed to.(不,不应该。),强化“疑问-回答”逻辑。
(二)表达“行为规范与原因”句型
You’re supposed to + 正确行为, because + 原因.
中文翻译:你应该做……,因为……
句型解析:用于说明“应该做某事的原因”,“because”引导原因状语从句,解释规则的依据。
课本场景:You’re supposed to shake hands when you meet for the first time, because it’s polite.(你初次见面时应该握手,因为这很礼貌。)
教学应用:
让学生结合家庭/学校规则造句,如 You’re supposed to say “hello” to your teachers, because it’s respectful.(你应该和老师说“你好”,因为这表示尊重。),培养“规则-原因”的逻辑思维。
You’re not supposed to + 错误行为, because + 原因.
中文翻译:你不应该做……,因为……
句型解析:用于说明“禁止做某事的原因”,帮助学生理解“行为的后果/不当之处”。
课本场景:You’re not supposed to stick chopsticks into the food, because it’s not吉利.(你不应该把筷子插进食物里,因为这不吉利。)
教学应用:
设计“情景判断”练习,给出错误行为(如“在图书馆大声说话”),让学生用该句型说明原因,如 You’re not supposed to talk loudly in the library, because it disturbs others.(你不应该在图书馆大声说话,因为这会打扰别人。)
(三)描述“文化/场景差异”句型
In + 国家A, people are supposed to + 行为A, but in + 国家B, people are supposed to + 行为B.
中文翻译:在A国,人们应该做……,但在B国,人们应该做……
句型解析:用于对比“不同国家的行为规范差异”,“but”表转折,突出对比关系。
课本场景:In the US, people are supposed to shake hands, but in Japan, people are supposed to bow.(在美国,人们应该握手,但在日本,人们应该鞠躬。)
教学应用:
结合课本3a内容,让学生对比“Colombia”和“Switzerland”的时间观念差异,造句如 In Colombia, people are supposed to arrive late for parties, but in Switzerland, people are supposed to be on time.(在哥伦比亚,人们参加派对应该迟到,但在瑞士,人们应该准时。)
通过对比,帮助学生理解“行为规范的文化适应性”,避免单一化认知。
When I + 情景, I was supposed to + 正确行为, but I + 错误行为.
中文翻译:当我……时,我应该做……,但我做了……
句型解析:用于描述“自己因不了解规则而做错的经历”,体现“规则学习中的反思”。
课本场景:When I met Marie, I was supposed to kiss her on both sides of the face, but I held out my hand.(当我见到玛丽时,我应该亲吻她的双颊,但我伸出了手。)
教学应用:
让学生分享“自己做错的礼仪经历”,用该句型表达,如 When I visited my grandma’s home, I was supposed to take off my shoes, but I forgot.(当我去奶奶家时,我应该脱鞋,但我忘了。),强化“规则应用”的实际意义。
三、语法聚焦(语法点+结构解析+课本例句+易错点提醒+教学练习设计)
(一)核心语法:“be supposed to” 结构
基本结构
肯定式:主语 + be (am/is/are/was/were) + supposed to do sth.
课本例句:They were supposed to arrive at 7:00.(他们应该7点到。)
否定式:主语 + be not + supposed to do sth.
课本例句:You’re not supposed to eat with your hands.(你不应该用手吃饭。)
疑问式:Be + 主语 + supposed to do sth.
课本例句:Is he supposed to wear a suit (他应该穿西装吗?)
时态变化
一般现在时:描述“当前的规则/期望”,如 Students are supposed to finish homework.(学生应该完成作业。)
一般过去时:描述“过去的规则/本应做但没做的事”,如 I was supposed to call her, but I forgot.(我应该给她打电话,但我忘了。)
易错点提醒
误区1:漏写“to”,错误表达:You’re supposed do homework.(正确:You’re supposed to do homework.)
误区2:混淆“be supposed to”和“should”:二者近义,但“be supposed to”更强调“外部规则/他人期望”,“should”更强调“个人建议”,如 You should study hard.(个人建议:你应该努力学习。)You’re supposed to study hard at school.(学校规则:你在学校应该努力学习。)
教学练习设计
练习1:句型转换
原句:We are supposed to keep quiet in class.(改为否定句)
答案:We are not supposed to keep quiet in class.
练习2:情景填空
When you meet an old man, you ______ (suppose) to greet him politely.(答案:are supposed)
(二)辅助语法:时间状语从句(when/while)
基本用法
引导词“when”:可接“短暂性动词”或“持续性动词”,描述“某个时间点或时间段发生的事”,如 When I arrived, he was eating.(当我到达时,他正在吃饭。)
课本例句:When you meet for the first time, you’re supposed to shake hands.(当你初次见面时,你应该握手。)
易错点提醒
时态一致:主句用“be supposed to”(一般现在时),从句用一般现在时表“常规情景”,如 When you visit a friend, you’re supposed to bring a gift.(当你拜访朋友时,你应该带礼物。)
误区:从句用“will”,错误表达:When you will visit a friend, you’re supposed to bring a gift.(正确:When you visit a friend...)
教学练习设计
练习:用“when”连接句子
句1:You meet your teacher. 句2:You’re supposed to say “good morning”.
答案:When you meet your teacher, you’re supposed to say “good morning”.
四、课堂应用资源(适配教学流程,含互动活动、练习设计)
(一)互动活动:“礼仪小剧场”
活动目标:通过情景模拟,掌握“不同场景下的礼仪表达”
活动步骤:
分组:将学生分为4-5人一组,每组抽取1个场景(如“初次见面” “拜访朋友家” “餐厅用餐”)。
准备:每组结合课本短语/句型,编写1段对话(需包含“be supposed to” “shake hands”等核心表达)。
展示:各组上台表演,其他组指出“正确的礼仪表达”和“需要改进的地方”。
示例对话(“初次见面”场景):
A: What are we supposed to do when we meet for the first time
B: We’re supposed to shake hands.
A: Oh, right! Let’s shake hands.
(二)基础练习:短语匹配
英文短语 中文翻译
be supposed to do sth. 用手吃饭
shake hands 应该做某事
eat with hands 握手
be on time 把筷子插进食物里
stick chopsticks into the food 准时
(三)提升练习:句型仿写
例句:In China, people are supposed to eat with chopsticks.
仿写要求:用“Japan/US/India”等国家和“bow/shake hands/eat with hands”等短语仿写,如 In Japan, people are supposed to bow when they meet.(在日本,人们见面时应该鞠躬。)
五、教学目标达成检测(含基础+提升题,适配课堂小测)
(一)基础题(选择/填空,检测短语、句型掌握)
单项选择:
People in Switzerland ______ be on time for meetings.( )
A. are supposed to B. is supposed to C. supposed to
答案:A(解析:主语“people”为复数,用“are supposed to”)
填空:
You’re not supposed to ______ (point) at others with chopsticks.
答案:point(解析:“be supposed to”后接动词原形)
(二)提升题(情景回答,检测实际应用)
情景:Your foreign friend will visit your home. What is he supposed to do (你的外国朋友要来你家拜访,他应该做什么?)
参考回答:He is supposed to take off his shoes when he enters the house. He is also supposed to greet my parents politely.(他进屋时应该脱鞋,也应该礼貌地和我父母打招呼。)