英语 选择性必修 第二册 WY
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
MACQUARIE ISLAND:
from Chaos to Conservation
麦夸里岛：从混乱不堪到精心保护
I am standing on Macquarie Island, in the South west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica.
我正站在麦夸里岛上，它位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亚和南极洲的中间。
Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long, thin shape.
强风和惊涛骇浪将海岛塑成现在狭长的形状。
The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty.
绿草和光禿的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美。
词句自测
①chaos n. 大混乱；紊乱
②conservation n. 保护
③halfway adj. 中间的，半途的
④dramatically adv. 显著地
No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
没有游客会对这个岛是联合国教科文组织世界遗产感到惊讶。
Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
他们也不难想象出，数千年来，当地的栖居动物，包括皇家企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹，是如何与它们的自然栖息地完美地和谐共处的。
词句自测
⑤heritage n. 遗产；传统
⑥inhabitant n. 栖居的动物
⑦penguin n. 企鹅
⑧habitat n. 栖息地
⑨“主(No visitor)谓(would think)宾(it)宾补(surprising)”。it为形式宾语，that the island ... Site是真正的宾语。
⑩“Nor＋助动词(would)＋主语(they)＋谓语(fail)＋宾语(to imagine how ...)”。本句为nor置于句首的部分倒装句。 how its native ... existed ... years是宾语从句。
But the island's more recent history tells a different story.
但是这个岛屿最近的历史讲述了一个不同的故事。
It's a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.
那是一个悲惨的故事，开始于1810年人类来到岛上时。
In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice.
在他们的船上，他们不经意间带来了大鼠和小鼠。
These small animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds.
这些小动物很快就接管了岛屿，吃鸟蛋并攻击幼鸟。
Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice.
猫被带到岛上来控制老鼠。
Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too.
不幸地是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。
词句自测
rat n. 大老鼠
subsequently adv. 后来，随后
appetite n. 胃口，食欲
Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.
与此同时，兔子被引入岛上作为人类的食物来源。
Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion.
在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了它们最擅长的事——它们迅速地繁殖，开始吃当地的植被、挖洞，这造成了水土流失。
The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased.
爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了。
This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.
这反过来又导致更多的猫捕鸟。
The end result was that parakeets, once large in number and native to the island, died out in 1891.
最终结果是，曾经数量众多的当地物种长尾小鹦鹉在1891年灭绝。
词句自测
multiply v. (使)大大增加，(使)倍增
vegetation n. 植物，草木(总称)
erosion n. 侵蚀
parakeet n. 长尾(小)鹦鹉
“主(The exploding rabbit population)谓(provided)＋直接宾语(plentiful food)＋间接宾语(the cats)”。其中现在分词短语meaning ... 作状语；that ... increased是meaning的宾语从句。
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control.
即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后，兔子仍然不受控制。
Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.
专家认为有必要想出一个计划来清除岛上所有的兔子。
With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island.
怀着这个目标，一种病毒被释放到岛上。
词句自测
virus n. 病毒
But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000, it also meant less food for the cats.
然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130，000降到约10，000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。
The cats in consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds, killing up to 60，000 each year.
因此，猫把注意力和胃口重新转向了当地鸟类，每年捕食多达60，000只。
In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.
20世纪80年代，捕兽夹和狗被用来抓猫。
The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.
在2000年，麦夸里岛上的最后一只猫被抓。
词句自测
decrease v. (使)变小，(使)减少
trap n. 夹子，陷阱
But as the saying goes, “While the cat's away, the mice will play.”
但正如俗语所说：“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”。
With the departure of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase.
随着猫从岛上离开，小鼠和大鼠的数量开始增加。
And remember those 10，000 or so rabbits
还记得那10，000只左右的兔子吗？
It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.
结果是，它们对病毒产生了免疫力，它们的数量再次激增。
词句自测
departure n. 离开
immunity n. 免疫力
explode v. 突然增加
“主(the mouse and rat population)谓(started)宾(to increase)”。With ... the island作状语；of the cats作the departure的后置定语。
Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins.
然后，在2006年，兔子挖的洞导致一些土地坍塌，并杀死了大量企鹅。
This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛溢的问题需要一次彻底解决。
词句自测
collapse v. 倒坍；塌下
substantial adj. 大量的，多的
incident n. 事件
So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem.
所以，我到麦夸里岛来参加这个项目正是为了解决这个问题。
The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters.
行动的第一步，包括从直升机上投放毒药。
The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species, and that's where I come in—with my dogs.
下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。
They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals.
它们受过训练，在不伤害本土动物的情况下，去寻找剩下的每一只。
This intervention is a long, much delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
这次干预是一个漫长的、被拖延了很久的悲惨故事的结局，但我们人类欠这个岛一个幸福的结局。
词句自测
intervention n. 干预，介入
owe v. 应该做；对……负有……的义务
“分句(The next ... species)＋and＋分句(that's where ... my dogs)”。本句是and连接的并列复合句；前一个分句的结构为“主(The next step)系(is)表(to remove ... species)”，后面的分句中，where I come ... dogs是表语从句。
Postscript: In 2014, Macquarie Island was declared pest free and the island's ecology is finally on the road to recovery.
附言：2014年麦夸里岛宣布已无有害生物，岛上的生态环境终于走上了恢复之路。
词句自测
postscript n. 附言
pest n. 有害小动物；害虫
ecology n. 生态
1 decrease v. (使)变小，(使)减少(教材P67)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food, their numbers may decrease.
如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或是它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。
②We have no idea when the housing prices will decrease to the level we can afford.
我们不知道什么时候房价会降到我们能承受的水平。
③The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
今年新生人数从210减少到160。
④According to the report, the number of cyclists running traffic lights is on the decrease.
根据这份报告，骑自行车闯交通信号灯的人数在减少。
(1)单句语法填空
①The number of poor men is ________ the decrease as the economy is growing.
②Since 1945 air forces have decreased ________ size.
③The profit of the month has decreased ________ a new level.
答案：①on ②in ③to
(2)单句表达
人口增长每年下降1.4%。
Population growth is ____________ 1.4% each year.
答案：decreasing by
2 trap n. 夹子，陷阱(教材P68)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
她给他设下圈套，他就径直走了进去。
②If you choose this way, you're likely to fall into a trap.
如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
③After they had been trapped in the mine for fifteen days, the miners were finally rescued.
在矿井里被困了十五天后，矿工们终于获救了。
④Were you just trying to trap her into making some admission
你刚才是想诱使她供认吗？
(1)单句语法填空
①The shopkeeper trapped me ________ buying a lot of products that I didn't need.
②Rescuers were still working their way towards the ________ (trap) men.
③The farmer set a trap ________ rats and it trapped more than ten rats in total.
④She's too clever to fall ________ the trap of doing any unpaid work.
答案：①into ②trapped ③for ④into
(2)单句表达
大楼倒塌时，数十人被困在废墟中。
Dozens of people ____________________ the rubble when the building collapsed.
答案：were trapped in
3 explode v. 突然增加(教材P68)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The population is exploding in this country.
这个国家的人口在剧增。
②When Wilson heated it, the container exploded, leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，致使威尔逊双眼失明。
③Do you fear that you'll burst into tears or explode with anger in front of her
你会担心在她面前放声大哭或是勃然大怒吗？
④The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across.
这次爆炸留下了一个40多英里宽的洞。
(1)写出下列句中explode的含义
①Investment by this company in this country has exploded. ________
②On seeing his funny expression, we all exploded with laughter. ________
③A bomb exploded suddenly by the roadside and destroyed his car. ________
答案：①突然增加 ②迸发(感情) ③爆炸
(2)单句表达
比赛在十分钟后突然激烈起来。
After ten minutes the game ________________．
答案：exploded into life
4 owe v. 应该做；对……负有……的义务(教材P68)
归纳拓展
①I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.
我必须说我的所有成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。
②I owe it to you that I am still alive.
幸亏有你我现在才能继续活着。
③Owing to bad weather, the next flight will be cancelled.
由于天气恶劣，下一趟航班将被取消。
名师点津 (1)如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。 (2)除owing to外，表示“因为；由于”的短语还有because of, due to, on account of, thanks to等。
(1)单句语法填空
①I owe ________ to you that I finished my work ahead of time.
②African countries owe three times more debt ________ Western banks.
③________ (owe) to the rain the ground was not fit to play on.
答案：①it ②to ③Owing
(2)单句表达
他总是把他的成功归功于勤奋和好运气。
He always ____________________ his hard work and good luck.
答案：owes his success to
1 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. (教材P66)他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
剖析 nor置于句首，句子使用部分倒装。
归纳拓展
①Little did Mary care about her own safety.
玛丽一点也不关心自己的安危。
②Never shall/will I forget the day.
我决不会忘记那一天。
③Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.
在我一生中很少遇到如此果断之人。
单句表达
①直到来到车站我才发现钱包丢了。
____________ I got to the station ____________ my wallet lost.
②我从未听到过那样的事。
Never ____________ heard of such a thing.
③他不仅能说英语而且能说法语。
Not only ________________ English but also French.
答案：①Not until; did I find ②have I ③can he speak
2 It's a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. (教材P66)悲剧从人类1810年来到这座岛屿开始。
剖析 本句是一个定语从句，先行词是1810，是表示时间的名词，在从句中作状语，关系副词是when，此时可用“介词in＋which”结构替换。
归纳拓展
①I shall remember the days when we studied together forever.
＝I shall remember the days in which we studied together forever.
我将永远记住我们一起学习的日子。
②April 1st is the day when people make fun of others.
＝April 1st is the day on which people make fun of others.
4月1日是人们捉弄别人的日子。
(1)单句语法填空
①The rain came at a time ________ which it was not needed.
②I can't forget the days ________ I lived with you.
答案：①at ②when
(2)单句表达
①约翰在寄邮件的那一刻，意识到自己犯了一个多么大的错误。
The moment ______________________， John realized what a big mistake he had made.
②在这个乐队还没出名的时候，我就是他们的歌迷。
I was a fan back in the days ________________________．
答案：①when he sent the mail ②when the band wasn't yet famous
3 Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. (教材P67)由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。
剖析 Loose on the island为形容词短语作伴随状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)充当状语时，可以位于句首或句末，相当于省略形式的状语从句。
归纳拓展
①Much interested (＝Because/As he was much interested), he agreed to try.
他很感兴趣，同意试一试。
②They began to carry out the research, full of hope.
他们满怀希望地开始进行研究。
③Ripe (＝When they are ripe), these apples are sweet.
这些苹果熟了时是甜的。
名师点津 形容词（短语）作伴随状语时，可以改写成并列句。
(1)句型转换
①Breathless, she rushed in through the back door.
→She rushed in through the back door ________________．
②Old or young, the peasants are busy with autumn harvest.
→____________________________， the peasants are busy with autumn harvest.
答案：①and she was breathless ②Whether they are old or young
(2)单句表达
她回来了，迫不及待地想见她的朋友们。
She was back, __________________________．
答案：eager to see her friends
4 Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins. (教材P68)随后，在2006年，兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌，导致大量企鹅死亡。
剖析 the rabbits' digging是动名词的复合结构，名词所有格＋v. ing作主语。
归纳拓展
①Nixon's visiting China marked a new era between US and China diplomatic relations.
尼克松访华标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代。
②Honestly speaking, I believe your joining our team will benefit us a lot.
老实说，我相信你加入我们的团队会让我们受益匪浅。
单句表达
①汤姆拒绝接受邀请让我很生气。
________________ to accept the invitation upset me very much.
②我们队有获胜的希望吗？
Is there any hope of ______________ the match
③汤姆的晚归使他妈妈担心。
__________________________________ worries his mother.
答案：①Tom's refusing ②our team winning ③Tom's coming home late
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Finally, you have an unregulated market place, no government constraints, where prices could ________ (突然增加)．
答案：explode
2．He was born in Hong Kong where he ________ (后来) practised as a lawyer until his retirement.
答案：subsequently
3．The price of wheat has ________(减少) by 15%.
答案：decreased
4．The test could be used to screen healthy people to see if they are carrying the ________ (病毒).
答案：virus
5．I can well remember an ________ (事件) that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.
答案：incident
6．Most airlines require you to arrive at the airport 2 hours before d________ time.
答案：departure
7．You o________ it to your staff to be honest with them.
答案：owe
8．The little boy is interested in environment c________．
答案：conservation
9．She arrived home exhausted and barely capable of showering before c________ on her bed.
答案：collapsing
10．The house was in c________ after the party.
答案：chaos
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This species of bird is decreasing ________ numbers every year.
答案：in
2．While computers have ________ (dramatic) increased efficiency, they have also provided the ultimate in distraction.
答案：dramatically
3．Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases ________ (trap) in the atmosphere.
答案：trapped
4．Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before ________ (depart)．
答案：departure
5．The walk gave me ________ appetite for food.
答案：an
6．The study also forecast an ________ (explode) in the diet soft drink market.
答案：explosion
7．I find ________ absolutely astonishing that you didn't like it.
答案：it
8．This was a time ________ the two countries were at war.
答案：when
9．Seldom ________ you get what you go after unless you know in advance what you want.
答案：do
10．I always suspected she owed her first job ________ her friendship with Roger.
答案：to
Ⅲ.选词填空
in harmony with; in turn; out of control; die out; come up with
1．The children have been completely ____________ since their father left.
答案：out of control
2．It is quite important to live ______________ our roommates in university.
答案：in harmony with
3．Convinced of his parents' way of doing things, the boy can hardly ______________ his own ideas when faced with problems.
答案：come up with
4．A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ______________ will promote its economic development.
答案：in turn
5．Those species inadaptable to changing conditions may ______________．
答案：die out
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．老实说，违反交通规则的人正在减少。
Honestly speaking, people who break traffic rules are __________________．
答案：on the decrease
2．大约有5万人被困在这座已被包围40多天的城市中。
About 50，000 people ____________________ the town, which has been blockaded for more than 40 days.
答案：are trapped in
3．让我们感到宽慰的是，那个迷路的小孩子十天后返回了家里，疲惫不堪却很健康。
To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, ________________．
答案：tired but healthy
4．我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。(when引导定语从句)
I still remember the day __________________________ school.
答案：when I first came to
5．晚上我很少独自一人出去散步。(seldom置于句首)
____________________ a walk in the evening by myself.
答案：Seldom do I go for
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 完形填空
Sammie Vance approached her principal at Haley Elementary with the idea of installing “buddy benches” into her school playground to help others feel less lonely. The principal __1__ of the idea. But wooden benches are __2__. Just one would be worth nearly a thousand dollars. However, a bench made of __3__ bottle caps would only be around $250. So Sammie __4__ others in her community to collect enough caps to make one bench. __5__， she managed to get bottle caps from 50 states. And thus, the initiative of “Sammie's Buddy Bench Project” was __6__．
Pretty soon, Sammie's Buddy Bench Project began commanding the __7__ of several news media. For her amazing efforts, Sammie has been chosen the receiver of several __8__ and was __9__ one of People magazine's “Girls Changing the World”. And __10__， more than 200 bottle cap buddy benches have been around at schools and parks across the country, plus Mexico and Australia.
This is, of course, not just a beautiful story about helping others. It's also a major win for __11__. It is reported that 1.3 billion bottle caps are used each year. These caps cannot be recycled in the same way along with plastic bottles __12__ each has a different melting point, and when they are __13__ in, it can ruin an entire batch (一批). And that's why they get discarded. Millions of caps have been found in our __14__ alone, which can be devastating to marine life. In fact, it's one of the leading __15__ of death. It's big caring hearts like Sammie's that help our planet heal against damage.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sammie Vance (萨米·万斯)发起了一个名为“Sammie's Buddy Bench Project”的倡议，呼吁大家回收瓶盖来制作供人们休息的长椅，这也有助于帮助地球愈合损伤。
1．A.complained B．allowed
C．approved D．spoke
答案：C
解析：complain 抱怨；allow 允许；approve 赞同；speak 讲话。根据下文“So Sammie __4__ others ... to make one bench.”可推知，校长赞成Sammie的想法。故选C。
2．A.costly B．heavy
C．productive D．valueless
答案：A
解析：costly 昂贵的；heavy 重的；productive 多产的；valueless 没有价值的，不值钱的。根据下文“Just one would be worth nearly a thousand dollars.”可知，木制的长椅很贵。故选A。
3．A.reviewed B．recreated
C．removed D．recycled
答案：D
解析：review 复习；recreate 再创造，再现；remove 移除；recycle 回收利用。根据下文“So Sammie __4__ others ... to make one bench.”可知，此处是指用回收的瓶盖制作长椅。故选D。
4．A.kept track of B．reached out to
C．sang high praises for D．got rid of
答案：B
解析：keep track of 跟踪；reach out to (把手)伸向，联系；sing high praises for 高度赞扬；get rid of 摆脱。根据下文“others in her community to collect enough caps”可知，Sammie一个人在短时间内不能收集足够多的瓶盖，因此联系社区的其他人收集瓶盖。故选B。
5．A.Unfortunately B．Accordingly
C．Apparently D．Eventually
答案：D
解析：根据上文“So Sammie __4__ others ... to make one bench.”可知，此处指经过Sammie和社区其他人的努力，她最终收集到了足够的瓶盖。故选D。
6．A.born B．promoted
C．obtained D．commented
答案：A
解析：bear 生，诞生；promote 提升，促进；obtain 获得；comment 评论。根据下文“Pretty soon, Sammie's Buddy Bench Project ... several news media.”可知，“Sammie's Buddy Bench Project”的倡议诞生了。故选A。
7．A.attraction B．attention
C．acceptance D．admission
答案：B
解析：attraction 吸引力，吸引物；attention 注意力，关注；acceptance 接受；admission 准许进入，进入权。根据下文“Sammie has been chosen ... People magazine's ‘Girls Changing the World’”可知，Sammie的项目引起了媒体的关注。故选B。
8．A.campaigns B．contests
C．assemblies D．awards
答案：D
解析：campaign 运动，战役；contest 竞赛，比赛；assembly 集会，议会；award 奖品，奖励。根据上文“For her amazing efforts”可知，因为努力她得到了多个奖项。故选D。
9．A.nicknamed B．introduced
C．defined D．named
答案：D
解析：nickname 取绰号；introduce 介绍，引入；define 给……下定义；name 命名。根据下文“one of People magazine's ‘Girls Changing the World’”可知，此处指Sammie被《人物》杂志命名为“改变世界的女孩”之一。故选D。
10．A.the other day B．to date
C．by then D．until recently
答案：B
解析：the other day 前几天；to date 至今，到目前为止；by then 直到那时；until recently 直到最近。根据句中的“have been”可知，句子使用了现在完成时，应用时间状语to date。故选B。
11．A.sustainability B．changeability
C．adaptability D．visibility
答案：A
解析：sustainability 可持续性；changeability 可变性；adaptability 适应性；visibility 能见度。根据下文“It is reported that 1.3 billion bottle caps are used each year.”可知，用可回收的瓶盖制作长椅是可持续性发展的体现。故选A。
12．A.though B．as
C．if D．when
答案：B
解析：句意：这些瓶盖不能以相同的方式与塑料瓶一起回收，因为每个瓶盖的熔点都不同，当它们混合在一起时，可能会破坏整个批次。故选B。
13．A.combined B．mixed
C．involved D．fitted
答案：B
解析：combine 联合；mix 混合；involve 包括，涉及；fit 适合。根据下文“it can ruin an entire batch (一批)”并结合常识可知，瓶盖熔点不同，如果把瓶盖和塑料瓶混合在一起同时回收，会破坏整个批次。故选B。
14．A.fields B．walls
C．oceans D．rains
答案：C
解析：根据下文“which can be devastating to marine life”可知，此处是指仅在海洋中就发现了数百万个瓶盖。故选C。
15．A.explanations B．questions
C．ways D．causes
答案：D
解析：explanation 解释；question 问题；way 方法；cause 原因，起因。根据常识可知，海洋中的瓶盖是导致海洋生物死亡的主要原因之一。故选D。
Ⅱ 阅读
A
For an industry that thrives (蓬勃发展) on creativity, fashion has been slow to introduce new ideas to reduce its distinctly uncool environmental footprint.
On all three fronts in the planetary crisis—climate change, nature loss and waste—manufacturers and retailers (零售商) of clothing could, and must, do better. Their carbon emissions are huge, thirst for raw materials is unsustainable (不可持续的) and waste management systems are rubbish. As just one example, every year we send 350，000 tonnes of clothing to landfill in the UK.
There are growing pockets of green creativity in the industry, but for the most part high street brands seem to double down on the “fast fashion” business model.
We as consumers must also shoulder a large part of the blame, gladly stuffing our cupboards with cheap, bad and unsustainably produced clothes to be worn a few times and then thrown away. Most people on Earth participate in this wasteful cycle, helping to make clothing one of the most environmentally destructive industries.
Unlike some other damaging consumer choices, such as buying animal products, it isn't really possible to simply choose out of clothes shopping. But of course there are ways of consuming that are less harmful. If patterns of demand change, such as changing to brands that run buy back schemes for unwanted clothing, the industry will respond. More powerfully, we can simply choose to wear our clothes for longer. Keeping an article of clothing for an extra year can cut its environmental footprint by 30 per cent.
That, of course, requires a change in our mindsets. But such things can and do happen. A few years ago, plant based diets were the choice of the unconventional few. Now they are commonplace.
We need the same revolution to happen when it comes to clothing choices. Here's a make do and mend mindset becoming mainstream—and even fashionable.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出时尚界必须改变其破坏环境的方式，消费者也要转变消费方式和理念。
1．What's the author's attitude to the carbon footprint of the fashion industry
A．Satisfied. B．Uncared.
C．Negative. D．Favorable.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，对于一个依靠创造力蓬勃发展的行业来说，时装业在引进新理念以减少其明显不酷的环境足迹方面一直进展缓慢。由此可推知，作者对于时尚行业碳排放的观点是否定的。故选C。
2．What's the author's suggestion for consumers when it comes to clothing choices
A．Stop shopping for new clothes.
B．Making old clothes last longer.
C．Throwing out your unwanted clothes.
D．Buying expensive and designer clothes.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Keeping an article of clothing for an extra year can cut its environmental footprint by 30 per cent.”可知，作者对于衣物选择上的建议是旧衣服应多穿几年。故选B。
3．Why does the author mention plant based diets
A．He is an advocate of plant based diets.
B．Plant based diets are increasingly popular.
C．Plant based diets are environmentally friendly.
D．He wants to stress it's possible to change mindsets.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段第一句“That, of course, requires a change in our mindsets.(当然，这需要我们改变心态。)”及本段后面内容可推知，作者提到植物性饮食，是想强调心态是可以改变的。故选D。
4．What's the best title of the text
A．Make Do and Mend
B．Personal Clothing Choices
C．The Future of Fashion Industry
D．Reduce Carbon Emissions
答案：A
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段最后一句可知，A项(修修补补将就)最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
B
Many guests have had the pleasure of observing the magnificent cheetahs (猎豹) that find shelter on the Tswalu Private Reserve, but they might not be aware of the work to make these wild cats feel comfortable in the presence of humans. As a conservation photographer, I spent a day with conservator Clement Motau to understand what it takes to habituate cheetahs.
Habituating wildlife is an on going process—slowly getting wild animals used to the presence of vehicles and people. Animals like cheetahs receive regular visits from the wildlife conservation team. That way they learn that in this privately protected area, humans pose no threat.
Clement, now 29 years old, spent his early childhood in Middelburg, but he would go to the rural area every chance he got, including most school holidays. “I enjoyed climbing mountains and being outdoors. I always knew I wanted to work with wild animals.” He decided to study nature conservation rather than become a tour guide because “dealing with people all the time is not my strongest point.” After three years of studies, he came to Tswalu in 2016 and was offered a position on the conservation team. Though one day rarely looks the same as another, with tasks ranging from collaring wild dogs to mending fences, the chance to spend time with cheetahs is an experience he particularly enjoys.
An hour after we first spotted Artemis, Clement's favorite cheetah, she is still on the move, clearly looking for a meal. She is a beautiful animal, and I am in no hurry to leave. Though she seems unbothered by our presence, we don't want to negatively impact her chances of feeding. Wildlife tourism is an essential conservation tool, both to raise awareness and to pay for all the costs. But the wellbeing of the animals always comes first. “She__is__very__obliging__with__us__today，” he says. “So relaxed. The guides and our guests will love her. She'll be a future star.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与猎豹保育员的一天之行，从中作者了解到猎豹如何适应栖息地，习惯人类的存在。
5．What do we know about habituating wild animals
A．It's a process to get wild animals used to humans.
B．It's done by paying random visits to wild animals.
C．Wild animals will benefit from this practice.
D．Such practice is limited to private reserves.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Habituating wildlife is ... the presence of vehicles and people.(使野生动物适应栖息地是一个持续的过程——慢慢地让野生动物习惯车辆和人的存在。)”可知，使野生动物适应栖息地，即让它们习惯人类的存在是一个过程。故选A。
6．Why did Clement choose to become a nature conservator
A．Because he liked a job with various tasks.
B．Because being a tour guide was not his dream.
C．Because he enjoyed spending time with wild animals.
D．Because working with animals was his strongest point.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I always knew I wanted to work with wild animals.(我一直都知道我想从事与野生动物有关的工作。)”和“Though one day rarely looks the same as another ... he particularly enjoys.(虽然每天的任务从给野狗戴项圈到修补栅栏都不尽相同，但有机会和猎豹相处是他特别喜欢的经历。)”可知，Clement (克莱门特)选择成为一位自然保育员是因为他喜欢和野生动物相处。故选C。
7．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Artemis is responding to our request.
B．Artemis is warning us to keep a distance.
C．Artemis is inviting us to enter her territory.
D．Artemis is feeling comfortable with our presence.
答案：D
解析：句意理解题。根据最后一段中的“Though she seems unbothered ... her chances of feeding.”和“So relaxed. The guides ... be a future star.”可知，最开始发现猎豹Artemis时，它对于人类的出现并不感到惊慌。现在导游和游客都很喜爱它，说明它已经习惯了人类的存在，对人类的存在没有不适的反应。故选D。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．A remarkable cheetah conservator.
B．A reserve for cheetahs.
C．A cheetah conservation program.
D．A tour with a cheetah conservator.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段最后一句“As a conservation photographer ... what it takes to habituate cheetahs.”可知，本文主要讲述了作者与猎豹保育员Clement的一天之行。故选D。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假定你是李华，下周你校英语社团将以“积极乐观的性格对我们生活的影响”为主题开展一次讨论活动。请你写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1．你对性格的理解；
2．积极性格的作用；
3．你的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
Keeping a Positive Attitude
How time flies! It won't be long before we are in Senior 3 when we will be faced with more learning tasks and heavier pressure. Therefore it's crucial and necessary that we keep a positive character both in our study and daily life.
Keeping a positive character does us a lot of good. First of all it can help us stay healthy physically. Meanwhile it's also beneficial to our study for we can usually learn much more effectively when keeping a positive attitude. Besides it's easier for us to make more friends and get on better with our family if we keep a positive attitude.
Now that a positive attitude can bring so much happiness to us, why not try our best to keep it as much as we can in spite of everything
24(共92张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 5 A delicate world
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
４
课前预习自检
MACQUARIE ISLAND:
from Chaos to Conservation
麦夸里岛：从混乱不堪到精心保护
I am standing on Macquarie Island, in the South west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica.
我正站在麦夸里岛上，它位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亚和南极洲的中间。
Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long, thin shape.
强风和惊涛骇浪将海岛塑成现在狭长的形状。
The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty.
绿草和光禿的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美
词句自测
① n. 大混乱；紊乱
② n. 保护
③ adj. 中间的，半途的
④ adv. 显著地
chaos
conservation
halfway
dramatically
No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
没有游客会对这个岛是联合国教科文组织世界遗产感到惊讶。
Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
他们也不难想象出，数千年来，当地的栖居动物，包括皇家企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹，是如何与它们的自然栖息地完美地和谐共处的。
词句自测
⑤ n. 遗产；传统
⑥ n. 栖居的动物
⑦ n. 企鹅
⑧ n. 栖息地
⑨“主(No visitor)谓(would think)宾(it)宾补(surprising)”。it为 宾语，that the island ... Site是 宾语。
⑩“Nor＋助动词(would)＋主语(they)＋谓语(fail)＋宾语(to imagine how ...)”。本句为nor置于句首的 。 how its native ... existed ... years是 从句。
heritage
inhabitant
penguin
habitat
形式
真正的
部分倒装句
宾语
But the island's more recent history tells a different story.
但是这个岛屿最近的历史讲述了一个不同的故事。
It's a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.
那是一个悲惨的故事，开始于1810年人类来到岛上时。
In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice.
在他们的船上，他们不经意间带来了大鼠和小鼠。
These small animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds.
这些小动物很快就接管了岛屿，吃鸟蛋并攻击幼鸟。
Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice.
猫被带到岛上来控制老鼠。
Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too.
不幸地是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。
词句自测
n. 大老鼠
adv. 后来，随后
n. 胃口，食欲
rat
subsequently
appetite
Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.
与此同时，兔子被引入岛上作为人类的食物来源。
Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion.
在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了它们最擅长的事——它们迅速地繁殖，开始吃当地的植被、挖洞，这造成了水土流失。
The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased.
爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了。
This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.
这反过来又导致更多的猫捕鸟。
The end result was that parakeets, once large in number and native to the island, died out in 1891.
最终结果是，曾经数量众多的当地物种长尾小鹦鹉在1891年灭绝。
词句自测
v. （使）大大增加，（使）倍增
n. 植物，草木（总称）
n. 侵蚀
n. 长尾（小）鹦鹉
“主（The exploding rabbit population）谓（provided）＋直接宾语（plentiful food）＋间接宾语（the cats）”。其中现在分词短语meaning ... 作 ；that ... increased是meaning的 从句。
multiply
vegetation
erosion
parakeet
状语
宾语
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control.
即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后，兔子仍然不受控制。
Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.
专家认为有必要想出一个计划来清除岛上所有的兔子。
With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island.
怀着这个目标，一种病毒被释放到岛上。
词句自测
n. 病毒
virus
But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000, it also meant less food for the cats.
然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130，000降到约10，000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。
The cats in consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds, killing up to 60，000 each year.
因此，猫把注意力和胃口重新转向了当地鸟类，每年捕食多达60，000只。
In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.
20世纪80年代，捕兽夹和狗被用来抓猫。
The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.
在2000年，麦夸里岛上的最后一只猫被抓。
词句自测
v. （使）变小，（使）减少
21 n. 夹子，陷阱
decrease
trap
But as the saying goes, “While the cat's away, the mice will play.”
但正如俗语所说：“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”。
With the departure of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase.
随着猫从岛上离开，小鼠和大鼠的数量开始增加。
And remember those 10，000 or so rabbits
还记得那10，000只左右的兔子吗？
It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.
结果是，它们对病毒产生了免疫力，它们的数量再次激增。
词句自测
22 n. 离开
23 n. 免疫力
24 v. 突然增加
25 “主（the mouse and rat population）谓（started）宾（to increase）”。With ... the island作 ；of the cats作the departure的 。
departure
immunity
explode
状语
后置定语
Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins.
然后，在2006年，兔子挖的洞导致一些土地坍塌，并杀死了大量企鹅。
This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛溢的问题需要一次彻底解决。
词句自测
26 v. 倒坍；塌下
27 adj. 大量的，多的
28 n. 事件
collapse
substantial
incident
So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem.
所以，我到麦夸里岛来参加这个项目正是为了解决这个问题。
The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters.
行动的第一步，包括从直升机上投放毒药。
The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species, and that's where I come in—with my dogs.
下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。
They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals.
它们受过训练，在不伤害本土动物的情况下，去寻找剩下的每一只。
This intervention is a long, much delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
这次干预是一个漫长的、被拖延了很久的悲惨故事的结局，但我们人类欠这个岛一个幸福的结局。
词句自测
29 n. 干预，介入
30 v. 应该做；对……负有……的义务
31 “分句（The next ... species）＋and＋分句（that's where ... my dogs）”。本句是and连接的并列复合句；前一个分句的结构为“主（The next step）系（is）表（to remove ... species）”，后面的分句中，where I come ... dogs是 从句。
intervention
owe
表语
Postscript: In 2014, Macquarie Island was declared pest free and the island's ecology is finally on the road to recovery.
附言：2014年麦夸里岛宣布已无有害生物，岛上的生态环境终于走上了恢复之路。
词句自测
32 n. 附言
33 n. 有害小动物；害虫
34 n. 生态
postscript
pest
ecology
重点合作探究
1 decrease v. (使)变小，(使)减少(教材P67)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food, their numbers may decrease.
如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或是它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。
②We have no idea when the housing prices will decrease to the level we can afford.
我们不知道什么时候房价会降到我们能承受的水平。
③The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
今年新生人数从210减少到160。
④According to the report, the number of cyclists running traffic lights is on the decrease.
根据这份报告，骑自行车闯交通信号灯的人数在减少。
(1)单句语法填空
①The number of poor men is ________ the decrease as the economy is growing.
②Since 1945 air forces have decreased ________ size.
③The profit of the month has decreased ________ a new level.
(2)单句表达
人口增长每年下降1.4%。
Population growth is ____________ 1.4% each year.
on
in
to
decreasing by
2 trap n. 夹子，陷阱(教材P68)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
她给他设下圈套，他就径直走了进去。
②If you choose this way, you're likely to fall into a trap.
如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
③After they had been trapped in the mine for fifteen days, the miners were finally rescued.
在矿井里被困了十五天后，矿工们终于获救了。
④Were you just trying to trap her into making some admission
你刚才是想诱使她供认吗？
(1)单句语法填空
①The shopkeeper trapped me ________ buying a lot of products that I didn't need.
②Rescuers were still working their way towards the ________ (trap) men.
③The farmer set a trap ________ rats and it trapped more than ten rats in total.
④She's too clever to fall ________ the trap of doing any unpaid work.
(2)单句表达
大楼倒塌时，数十人被困在废墟中。
Dozens of people ____________________ the rubble when the building collapsed.
into
trapped
for
into
were trapped in
3 explode v. 突然增加(教材P68)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The population is exploding in this country.
这个国家的人口在剧增。
②When Wilson heated it, the container exploded, leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，致使威尔逊双眼失明。
③Do you fear that you'll burst into tears or explode with anger in front of her
你会担心在她面前放声大哭或是勃然大怒吗？
④The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across.
这次爆炸留下了一个40多英里宽的洞。
(1)写出下列句中explode的含义
①Investment by this company in this country has exploded. ___________
②On seeing his funny expression, we all exploded with laughter. ____________
③A bomb exploded suddenly by the roadside and destroyed his car. ________
(2)单句表达
比赛在十分钟后突然激烈起来。
After ten minutes the game ________________．
突然增加
迸发(感情)
爆炸
exploded into life
4 owe v. 应该做；对……负有……的义务(教材P68)
归纳拓展
①I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.
我必须说我的所有成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。
②I owe it to you that I am still alive.
幸亏有你我现在才能继续活着。
③Owing to bad weather, the next flight will be cancelled.
由于天气恶劣，下一趟航班将被取消。
名师点津
(1)如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。
(2)除owing to外，表示“因为；由于”的短语还有because of, due to, on account of, thanks to等。
(1)单句语法填空
①I owe ________ to you that I finished my work ahead of time.
②African countries owe three times more debt ________ Western banks.
③________ (owe) to the rain the ground was not fit to play on.
(2)单句表达
他总是把他的成功归功于勤奋和好运气。
He always ____________________ his hard work and good luck.
it
to
Owing
owes his success to
1 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. (教材P66)他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
剖析 nor置于句首，句子使用部分倒装。
归纳 拓展
①Little did Mary care about her own safety.
玛丽一点也不关心自己的安危。
②Never shall/will I forget the day.
我决不会忘记那一天。
③Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.
在我一生中很少遇到如此果断之人。
单句表达
①直到来到车站我才发现钱包丢了。
____________ I got to the station ____________ my wallet lost.
②我从未听到过那样的事。
Never ____________ heard of such a thing.
③他不仅能说英语而且能说法语。
Not only ________________ English but also French.
Not until
did I find
have I
can he speak
2 It's a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. (教材P66)悲剧从人类1810年来到这座岛屿开始。
剖析 本句是一个定语从句，先行词是1810，是表示时间的名词，在从句中作状语，关系副词是when，此时可用“介词in＋which”结构替换。
归纳拓展
①I shall remember the days when we studied together forever.
＝I shall remember the days in which we studied together forever.
我将永远记住我们一起学习的日子。
②April 1st is the day when people make fun of others.
＝April 1st is the day on which people make fun of others.
4月1日是人们捉弄别人的日子。
(1)单句语法填空
①The rain came at a time ________ which it was not needed.
②I can't forget the days ________ I lived with you.
(2)单句表达
①约翰在寄邮件的那一刻，意识到自己犯了一个多么大的错误。
The moment ______________________， John realized what a big mistake he had made.
②在这个乐队还没出名的时候，我就是他们的歌迷。
I was a fan back in the days _________________________________．
at
when
when he sent the mail
when the band wasn't yet famous
3 Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion. (教材P67)由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。
剖析 Loose on the island为形容词短语作伴随状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)充当状语时，可以位于句首或句末，相当于省略形式的状语从句。
归纳拓展
①Much interested (＝Because/As he was much interested), he agreed to try.
他很感兴趣，同意试一试。
②They began to carry out the research, full of hope.
他们满怀希望地开始进行研究。
③Ripe (＝When they are ripe), these apples are sweet.
这些苹果熟了时是甜的。
名师点津
形容词（短语）作伴随状语时，可以改写成并列句。
(1)句型转换
①Breathless, she rushed in through the back door.
→She rushed in through the back door _______________________．
②Old or young, the peasants are busy with autumn harvest.
→____________________________， the peasants are busy with autumn harvest.
(2)单句表达
她回来了，迫不及待地想见她的朋友们。
She was back, __________________________．
and she was breathless
Whether they are old or young
eager to see her friends
4 Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins. (教材P68)随后，在2006年，兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌，导致大量企鹅死亡。
剖析 the rabbits' digging是动名词的复合结构，名词所有格＋v. ing作主语。
归纳 拓展
①Nixon's visiting China marked a new era between US and China diplomatic relations.
尼克松访华标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代。
②Honestly speaking, I believe your joining our team will benefit us a lot.
老实说，我相信你加入我们的团队会让我们受益匪浅。
单句表达
①汤姆拒绝接受邀请让我很生气。
________________ to accept the invitation upset me very much.
②我们队有获胜的希望吗？
Is there any hope of __________________ the match
③汤姆的晚归使他妈妈担心。
________________________ worries his mother.
Tom's refusing
our team winning
Tom's coming home late
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Finally, you have an unregulated market place, no government constraints, where prices could ________ (突然增加)．
2．He was born in Hong Kong where he ___________ (后来) practised as a lawyer until his retirement.
3．The price of wheat has ___________(减少) by 15%.
4．The test could be used to screen healthy people to see if they are carrying the ________ (病毒).
5．I can well remember an ________ (事件) that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.
explode
subsequently
decreased
virus
incident
6．Most airlines require you to arrive at the airport 2 hours before d________ time.
7．You o________ it to your staff to be honest with them.
8．The little boy is interested in environment c___________．
9．She arrived home exhausted and barely capable of showering before c________ on her bed.
10．The house was in c________ after the party.
eparture
we
onservation
ollapsing
haos
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This species of bird is decreasing ________ numbers every year.
2．While computers have ________________ (dramatic) increased efficiency, they have also provided the ultimate in distraction.
3．Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases ________ (trap) in the atmosphere.
4．Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before ___________ (depart)．
5．The walk gave me ________ appetite for food.
in
dramatically
trapped
departure
an
6．The study also forecast an ___________ (explode) in the diet soft drink market.
7．I find ________ absolutely astonishing that you didn't like it.
8．This was a time ________ the two countries were at war.
9．Seldom ________ you get what you go after unless you know in advance what you want.
10．I always suspected she owed her first job ________ her friendship with Roger.
explosion
it
when
do
to
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The children have been completely ____________ since their father left.
2．It is quite important to live ________________ our roommates in university.
3．Convinced of his parents' way of doing things, the boy can hardly ______________ his own ideas when faced with problems.
4．A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _________ will promote its economic development.
5．Those species inadaptable to changing conditions may __________．
out of control
in harmony with; in turn; out of control; die out; come up with
in harmony with
come up with
in turn
die out
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．老实说，违反交通规则的人正在减少。
Honestly speaking, people who break traffic rules are __________________．
2．大约有5万人被困在这座已被包围40多天的城市中。
About 50，000 people ________________ the town, which has been blockaded for more than 40 days.
3．让我们感到宽慰的是，那个迷路的小孩子十天后返回了家里，疲惫不堪却很健康。
To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, ________________．
on the decrease
are trapped in
tired but healthy
4．我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。(when引导定语从句)
I still remember the day __________________________ school.
5．晚上我很少独自一人出去散步。(seldom置于句首)
____________________ a walk in the evening by myself.
when I first came to
Seldom do I go for
课后课时作业
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 完形填空
Sammie Vance approached her principal at Haley Elementary with the idea of installing “buddy benches” into her school playground to help others feel less lonely. The principal __1__ of the idea. But wooden benches are __2__. Just one would be worth nearly a thousand dollars. However, a bench made of __3__ bottle caps would only be around $250. So Sammie __4__ others in her community to collect enough caps to make one bench. __5__， she managed to get bottle caps from 50 states. And thus, the initiative of “Sammie's Buddy Bench Project” was __6__．
Pretty soon, Sammie's Buddy Bench Project began commanding the __7__ of several news media. For her amazing efforts, Sammie has been chosen the receiver of several __8__ and was __9__ one of People magazine's “Girls Changing the World”. And __10__， more than 200 bottle cap buddy benches have been around at schools and parks across the country, plus Mexico and Australia.
This is, of course, not just a beautiful story about helping others. It's also a major win for __11__. It is reported that 1.3 billion bottle caps are used each year. These caps cannot be recycled in the same way along with plastic bottles __12__ each has a different melting point, and when they are __13__ in, it can ruin an entire batch (一批). And that's why they get discarded. Millions of caps have been found in our __14__ alone, which can be devastating to marine life. In fact, it's one of the leading __15__ of death. It's big caring hearts like Sammie's that help our planet heal against damage.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sammie Vance (萨米·万斯)发起了一个名为“Sammie's Buddy Bench Project”的倡议，呼吁大家回收瓶盖来制作供人们休息的长椅，这也有助于帮助地球愈合损伤。
1．A.complained B．allowed
C．approved D．spoke
解析：complain 抱怨；allow 允许；approve 赞同；speak 讲话。根据下文“So Sammie __4__ others ... to make one bench.”可推知，校长赞成Sammie的想法。故选C。
2．A.costly B．heavy
C．productive D．valueless
3．A.reviewed B．recreated
C．removed D．recycled
解析：costly 昂贵的；heavy 重的；productive 多产的；valueless 没有价值的，不值钱的。根据下文“Just one would be worth nearly a thousand dollars.”可知，木制的长椅很贵。故选A。
解析： review 复习；recreate 再创造，再现；remove 移除；recycle 回收利用。根据下文“So Sammie __4__ others ... to make one bench.”可知，此处是指用回收的瓶盖制作长椅。故选D。
4．A.kept track of B．reached out to
C．sang high praises for D．got rid of
解析： keep track of 跟踪；reach out to (把手)伸向，联系；sing high praises for 高度赞扬；get rid of 摆脱。根据下文“others in her community to collect enough caps”可知，Sammie一个人在短时间内不能收集足够多的瓶盖，因此联系社区的其他人收集瓶盖。故选B。
5．A.Unfortunately B．Accordingly
C．Apparently D．Eventually
6．A.born B．promoted
C．obtained D．commented
解析：根据上文“So Sammie __4__ others ... to make one bench.”可知，此处指经过Sammie和社区其他人的努力，她最终收集到了足够的瓶盖。故选D。
解析： bear 生，诞生；promote 提升，促进；obtain 获得；comment 评论。根据下文“Pretty soon, Sammie's Buddy Bench Project ... several news media.”可知，“Sammie's Buddy Bench Project”的倡议诞生了。故选A。
7．A.attraction B．attention
C．acceptance D．admission
解析： attraction 吸引力，吸引物；attention 注意力，关注；acceptance 接受；admission 准许进入，进入权。根据下文“Sammie has been chosen ... People magazine's ‘Girls Changing the World’”可知，Sammie的项目引起了媒体的关注。故选B。
8．A.campaigns B．contests
C．assemblies D．awards
9．A.nicknamed B．introduced
C．defined D．named
解析： campaign 运动，战役；contest 竞赛，比赛；assembly 集会，议会；award 奖品，奖励。根据上文“For her amazing efforts”可知，因为努力她得到了多个奖项。故选D。
解析：nickname 取绰号；introduce 介绍，引入；define 给……下定义；name 命名。根据下文“one of People magazine's ‘Girls Changing the World’”可知，此处指Sammie被《人物》杂志命名为“改变世界的女孩”之一。故选D。
10．A.the other day B．to date
C．by then D．until recently
11．A.sustainability B．changeability
C．adaptability D．visibility
解析：the other day 前几天；to date 至今，到目前为止；by then 直到那时；until recently 直到最近。根据句中的“have been”可知，句子使用了现在完成时，应用时间状语to date。故选B。
解析： sustainability 可持续性；changeability 可变性；adaptability 适应性；visibility 能见度。根据下文“It is reported that 1.3 billion bottle caps are used each year.”可知，用可回收的瓶盖制作长椅是可持续性发展的体现。故选A。
12．A.though B．as
C．if D．when
13．A.combined B．mixed
C．involved D．fitted
解析：句意：这些瓶盖不能以相同的方式与塑料瓶一起回收，因为每个瓶盖的熔点都不同，当它们混合在一起时，可能会破坏整个批次。故选B。
解析： combine 联合；mix 混合；involve 包括，涉及；fit 适合。根据下文“it can ruin an entire batch (一批)”并结合常识可知，瓶盖熔点不同，如果把瓶盖和塑料瓶混合在一起同时回收，会破坏整个批次。故选B。
14．A.fields B．walls
C．oceans D．rains
15．A.explanations B．questions
C．ways D．causes
解析：根据下文“which can be devastating to marine life”可知，此处是指仅在海洋中就发现了数百万个瓶盖。故选C。
解析： explanation 解释；question 问题；way 方法；cause 原因，起因。根据常识可知，海洋中的瓶盖是导致海洋生物死亡的主要原因之一。故选D。
Ⅱ 阅读
A
For an industry that thrives (蓬勃发展) on creativity, fashion has been slow to introduce new ideas to reduce its distinctly uncool environmental footprint.
On all three fronts in the planetary crisis—climate change, nature loss and waste—manufacturers and retailers (零售商) of clothing could, and must, do better. Their carbon emissions are huge, thirst for raw materials is unsustainable (不可持续的) and waste management systems are rubbish. As just one example, every year we send 350，000 tonnes of clothing to landfill in the UK.
There are growing pockets of green creativity in the industry, but for the most part high street brands seem to double down on the “fast fashion” business model.
We as consumers must also shoulder a large part of the blame, gladly stuffing our cupboards with cheap, bad and unsustainably produced clothes to be worn a few times and then thrown away. Most people on Earth participate in this wasteful cycle, helping to make clothing one of the most environmentally destructive industries.
Unlike some other damaging consumer choices, such as buying animal products, it isn't really possible to simply choose out of clothes shopping. But of course there are ways of consuming that are less harmful. If patterns of demand change, such as changing to brands that run buy back schemes for unwanted clothing, the industry will respond. More powerfully, we can simply choose to wear our clothes for longer. Keeping an article of clothing for an extra year can cut its environmental footprint by 30 per cent.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出时尚界必须改变其破坏环境的方式，消费者也要转变消费方式和理念。
That, of course, requires a change in our mindsets. But such things can and do happen. A few years ago, plant based diets were the choice of the unconventional few. Now they are commonplace.
We need the same revolution to happen when it comes to clothing choices. Here's a make do and mend mindset becoming mainstream—and even fashionable.
1．What's the author's attitude to the carbon footprint of the fashion industry
A．Satisfied. B．Uncared.
C．Negative. D．Favorable.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，对于一个依靠创造力蓬勃发展的行业来说，时装业在引进新理念以减少其明显不酷的环境足迹方面一直进展缓慢。由此可推知，作者对于时尚行业碳排放的观点是否定的。故选C。
2．What's the author's suggestion for consumers when it comes to clothing choices
A．Stop shopping for new clothes.
B．Making old clothes last longer.
C．Throwing out your unwanted clothes.
D．Buying expensive and designer clothes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Keeping an article of clothing for an extra year can cut its environmental footprint by 30 per cent.”可知，作者对于衣物选择上的建议是旧衣服应多穿几年。故选B。
3．Why does the author mention plant based diets
A．He is an advocate of plant based diets.
B．Plant based diets are increasingly popular.
C．Plant based diets are environmentally friendly.
D．He wants to stress it's possible to change mindsets.
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段第一句“That, of course, requires a change in our mindsets.(当然，这需要我们改变心态。)”及本段后面内容可推知，作者提到植物性饮食，是想强调心态是可以改变的。故选D。
4．What's the best title of the text
A．Make Do and Mend
B．Personal Clothing Choices
C．The Future of Fashion Industry
D．Reduce Carbon Emissions
解析：标题判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段最后一句可知，A项(修修补补将就)最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
B
Many guests have had the pleasure of observing the magnificent cheetahs (猎豹) that find shelter on the Tswalu Private Reserve, but they might not be aware of the work to make these wild cats feel comfortable in the presence of humans. As a conservation photographer, I spent a day with conservator Clement Motau to understand what it takes to habituate cheetahs.
Habituating wildlife is an on going process—slowly getting wild animals used to the presence of vehicles and people. Animals like cheetahs receive regular visits from the wildlife conservation team. That way they learn that in this privately protected area, humans pose no threat.
Clement, now 29 years old, spent his early childhood in Middelburg, but he would go to the rural area every chance he got, including most school holidays. “I enjoyed climbing mountains and being outdoors. I always knew I wanted to work with wild animals.” He decided to study nature conservation rather than become a tour guide because “dealing with people all the time is not my strongest point.” After three years of studies, he came to Tswalu in 2016 and was offered a position on the conservation team. Though one day rarely looks the same as another, with tasks ranging from collaring wild dogs to mending fences, the chance to spend time with cheetahs is an experience he particularly enjoys.
An hour after we first spotted Artemis, Clement's favorite cheetah, she is still on the move, clearly looking for a meal. She is a beautiful animal, and I am in no hurry to leave. Though she seems unbothered by our presence, we don't want to negatively impact her chances of feeding. Wildlife tourism is an essential conservation tool, both to raise awareness and to pay for all the costs. But the wellbeing of the animals always comes first. “She__is__very__obliging__with__us__today，” he says. “So relaxed. The guides and our guests will love her. She'll be a future star.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与猎豹保育员的一天之行，从中作者了解到猎豹如何适应栖息地，习惯人类的存在。
5．What do we know about habituating wild animals
A．It's a process to get wild animals used to humans.
B．It's done by paying random visits to wild animals.
C．Wild animals will benefit from this practice.
D．Such practice is limited to private reserves.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Habituating wildlife is ... the presence of vehicles and people.(使野生动物适应栖息地是一个持续的过程——慢慢地让野生动物习惯车辆和人的存在。)”可知，使野生动物适应栖息地，即让它们习惯人类的存在是一个过程。故选A。
6．Why did Clement choose to become a nature conservator
A．Because he liked a job with various tasks.
B．Because being a tour guide was not his dream.
C．Because he enjoyed spending time with wild animals.
D．Because working with animals was his strongest point.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I always knew I wanted to work with wild animals.(我一直都知道我想从事与野生动物有关的工作。)”和“Though one day rarely looks the same as another ... he particularly enjoys.(虽然每天的任务从给野狗戴项圈到修补栅栏都不尽相同，但有机会和猎豹相处是他特别喜欢的经历。)”可知，Clement (克莱门特)选择成为一位自然保育员是因为他喜欢和野生动物相处。故选C。
7．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Artemis is responding to our request.
B．Artemis is warning us to keep a distance.
C．Artemis is inviting us to enter her territory.
D．Artemis is feeling comfortable with our presence.
解析：句意理解题。根据最后一段中的“Though she seems unbothered ... her chances of feeding.”和“So relaxed. The guides ... be a future star.”可知，最开始发现猎豹Artemis时，它对于人类的出现并不感到惊慌。现在导游和游客都很喜爱它，说明它已经习惯了人类的存在，对人类的存在没有不适的反应。故选D。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．A remarkable cheetah conservator.
B．A reserve for cheetahs.
C．A cheetah conservation program.
D．A tour with a cheetah conservator.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段最后一句“As a conservation photographer ... what it takes to habituate cheetahs.”可知，本文主要讲述了作者与猎豹保育员Clement的一天之行。故选D。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假定你是李华，下周你校英语社团将以“积极乐观的性格对我们生活的影响”为主题开展一次讨论活动。请你写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1．你对性格的理解；
2．积极性格的作用；
3．你的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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[精彩范文]
Keeping a Positive Attitude
How time flies! It won't be long before we are in Senior 3 when we will be faced with more learning tasks and heavier pressure. Therefore it's crucial and necessary that we keep a positive character both in our study and daily life.
Keeping a positive character does us a lot of good. First of all it can help us stay healthy physically. Meanwhile it's also beneficial to our study for we can usually learn much more effectively when keeping a positive attitude. Besides it's easier for us to make more friends and get on better with our family if we keep a positive attitude.
Now that a positive attitude can bring so much happiness to us, why not try our best to keep it as much as we can in spite of everything
