英语 选择性必修 第二册 WY
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar (it作形式宾语)
①I think it difficult to learn English well.
②We make it clear that speaking to the teacher in that way is not polite.
③I don't like it when people talk with the mouth full of food.
在例句①②③中it用作形式宾语。
(1)句①用在“动词＋it＋形容词＋动词不定式(短语)”中，it指代______________。
(2)句②用在“动词＋it＋形容词＋that从句”中，it指代________。
(3)句③用在某些特殊的句式中，it指代________。
答案：(1)动词不定式(短语) (2)that从句 (3)when从句
it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面。it作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件：
(1)真正的宾语是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句。
(2)有宾语补足语。
一、不定式(短语)作真正的宾语
1．think/find/feel/consider/make/regard ... ＋it＋形容词＋不定式(短语)
I find it pleasant to work with him. (it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to work with him)
我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。
They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.(it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to finish the work)
他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。
2．think/find/feel/consider/make/regard ... ＋it＋名词＋不定式(短语)
She thinks it her duty to help us.(it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to help us)
她觉得帮助我们是她的责任。
I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.(it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to be invited to speak)
我觉得应邀在这里演讲是我的荣幸。
单句表达
①汤姆发现用汉语写信不难。
Tom didn't ______________________ letters in Chinese.
②我觉得我有责任给你写信表示感谢。
I __________________ to write to you and thank you.
答案：①find it difficult to write ②consider it my duty
二、动名词(短语)作真正的宾语
动词＋it＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/worth one's while等＋doing ...
I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.
告诉我他的秘密，我会酬谢你的。
He thought it no use trying to convince them.
他认为企图说服他们没有用。
单句表达
①这位教授认为只阅读而不理解没有益处。
The professor ____________________________ without understanding.
②你觉得再试会有好处吗？
Do you ________________________ again
答案：①considers it no good reading ②consider it any good trying
三、从句作真正的宾语
1．动词＋it＋介词短语＋that从句
I took it for granted that they would not come.
我想当然地认为他们不会来了。
2．动词＋it＋名词＋that从句
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
会议取消了，我们都感到很遗憾。
3．动词＋it＋形容词＋that从句
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。
4．动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike＋it＋if/when引导的宾语从句
He will appreciate it if they invite him.
如果他们邀请他，他将非常感激。
She hates it when he bragged that he was the most important.
她讨厌他吹嘘自己最重要。
单句表达
①苏珊向我明确表示，她想为自己开创新生活。
Susan ________________ to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself.
②如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来，我会很感激的。
I'd ________________ you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
③我们觉得生活向前迈进是理所当然的。
We ______________________ life moves forward.
④我们规定我们每天六点起床。
We ________________________ we get up at six every day.
答案：①made it clear; that ②appreciate it if ③take it for granted that ④make it a rule that
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Heat gently until the sugar ________ (溶解)．
答案：dissolves
2．This unique ________ (生态系统) may soon be under pressure.
答案：ecosystem
3．________ (养分) problem is one of the most serious problems.
答案：Nutrient
4．They are about to r________ an album of their greatest hits.
答案：release
5．Plants a________ carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.
答案：absorb
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Many accidents were due ________ pilots' misjudgment.
答案：to
2．New technologies have made ________ easier to enjoy life than ever before.
答案：it
3．You may depend on it ________ they will look after your daughter when you are away.
答案：that
4．—Have you got used to the weather here
—Yes. But I don't enjoy it in the summer ________ it rains on end.
答案：when
5．I would appreciate it very much ________ you could give me some suggestions.
答案：if
6．Will you see to ________ that my children are taken good care of while I am away
答案：it
7．Minerals in general are not nearly so well absorbed as other ________ (nutrient)．
答案：nutrients
8．First of all, I think it very important ________ (make) more friends abroad.
答案：to make
9．Sharks feed ________ fish, other sea animals, or smaller sharks.
答案：on
10．I think it no use ________ (argue) with him.
答案：arguing
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．如果你能告诉我更多关于活动的事宜，我将不胜感激。
I would ______________________ you could tell me more about the activity.
答案：appreciate it if
2．有些洗衣粉通过化学作用分解蛋白质。
Some washing powders ________________ proteins by chemical action.
答案：break down
3．我认为到这样一个地方去是不值得的。
I don't ____________________ to such a place.
答案：think it worthwhile going
4．他们发现和我们中国人合作很愉快。
They found ______________________ with us Chinese.
答案：it pleasant to work
5．这种学校自古以来就存在。
This type of school has been ____________ since ancient times.
答案：in existence
6．有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
Several of the members have ________________ suggestions of their own.
答案：come up with
7．熊猫产于中国四川。
The panda ____________________ Sichuan in China.
答案：is native to
8．我们规定每个周末都去拜访那些老人。
We ________________ visit the old every weekend.
答案：make it a rule to
9．毛虫以各类树木、灌木和植物为食。
The caterpillars ______________ a wide range of trees, shrubs and plants.
答案：feed on
10．我们都想当然地认为米莱能成功。
We all ________________________ Mile can succeed.
答案：take it for granted that
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
With all the recent concern about the environment, people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well known environmental organizations.
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. It's been around for over 60 years. You can donate through their website worldwildlife.org, join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.
National Geographic Society (NGS)
National Geographic Society is famous for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest running in the world—It's been around since 1888. They focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You can donate money through the website nationalgeographic.org, buy something at their online store, or take out a subscription to the magazine.
National Wildlife Federation (NWF)
Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs. In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website ref.org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations.
Set up in 1976, is run on users' clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy an endangered wilderness to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名的环保组织。
1．Which environmental organization has the shortest history
A．National Geographic Society (NGS)．
B.National Wildlife Federation (NWF)．
C．World Wildlife Fund (WWF)．
D..
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。四个组织分别提到了“over 60 years”“since 1888”“Founded officially in 1937”及“Set up in 1976”可知，成立于1976年的的历史最短。故选D。
2．In what way is National Geographic Society different from the other three organizations
A．It protects societies as well as nature.
B．You need to be expert in protecting wildlife.
C．You can adopt an animal through its online adoption center.
D．It believes that education is the most important in helping the environment.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据National Geographic Society (NGS)部分中的“They focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies.”可知，国家地理协会与其他三个组织的不同在于它不仅保护自然，还保护社会。故选A。
3．How can you support National Wildlife Federation
A．By giving money through its website.
B.By clicking on its online articles.
C．By subscribing to its magazines.
D.By buying ad space on the site.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据National Wildlife Federation (NWF)部分中的“Donations to the NWF can be made through ... or memorial donations.”可知，你可以通过它的网站捐款来支持国家野生动物联盟。故选A。
B
Scientists say they are in a race against time. The endangered Franciscana Dolphin population off the Argentine coast is shrinking. The dolphins are dying in fishing nets and scientists are trying to reverse that trend.
Doctor Martin Mandez is one of the team leaders. He and his colleagues are combining three lines of research. They are catching the dolphins and implanting devices for satellite tracking. They are testing environmental conditions such as the food supply and water temperature to better understand why the dolphins choose to live there. And back in New York, Mandez is studying the dolphins on a molecular (分子的) level by sequencing (测定序列) their DNA to better classify family groups.
They think that they basically completed a very important piece of research. They combined each of their new data for addressing population structure.
The team hopes the combined data will paint a very clear picture of the rare dolphin's habitat, allowing scientists like Pablo Bordino to make informed recommendations for their protection. Bordino says the research is born some surprising discoveries.
They are finding that those animals are special residents. They don't like to move a lot so that results support the genetic results too.
And that could be important, according to Mandez, gill net fishing in certain areas has the potential to wipe out entire families of Franciscana Dolphins.
Basically the end goal is to preserve such kind of dolphins, as a viable (可繁衍的) species.This means having viable populations to distribute in space. So they are basically doing everything they can, combining all the evidence they can, different tools, and different lines of research to provide the best understanding they can to then put together a sense of conservation plan. So they are basically at the point. They trust throwing science at its best to address this issue.
Mandez says in recent years, local fishing and the government in Argentina had been helpful to their mission. Ultimately though, he believes the fate of the Franciscana dolphin may come down to science.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了阿根廷沿海的拉河豚面临灭绝，科学家们正在寻找可行的办法保护这个物种，使其能继续繁衍生息。
4．Which of the following statements belongs to the three lines of research
A．Tracking the leader of a dolphin family with satellites.
B．Improving the living conditions of the dolphins.
C．Studying the dolphins' preference for where to live.
D．Classifying the dolphins into different family groups by their habitats.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are catching the dolphins ... why the dolphins choose to live there.”可知，科学家们捕捉拉河豚并植入卫星跟踪装置，还进行了环境条件检测，是为了更好地了解拉河豚喜欢的生活地点。故选C。
5．The Franciscana dolphin's habit of living in certain areas without moving may have a consequence that________．
A．they may eat up all the food in certain areas
B．they may have the potential to harm other sea life
C．they are likely to be killed off by gill fishing
D．they will have trouble adapting to the environment in other areas
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段“And that could be important ... entire families of Franciscana Dolphins.(这可能很重要，根据Mandez(曼德兹)的说法，刺网捕鱼在某些地区有可能消灭拉河豚的整个家族。)”可推知，拉河豚不喜欢移动，这个习性很可能导致它们被刺网捕鱼灭绝。故选C。
6．What determines the fate of the Franciscana dolphin according to Mandez
A．Science.
B．Local fishing.
C．The habitat.
D．The government's effort.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Ultimately though, he believes the fate of the Franciscana dolphin may come down to science.(不过，他相信，拉河豚的命运最终可能取决于科学。)”可知，根据Mandez的说法，决定拉河豚命运的是科学。故选A。
7．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Fishing nets are putting rare dolphins in great danger.
B．Satellite tracking is widely used in protecting endangered dolphins.
C．Scientists are testing environmental conditions off the Argentine coast.
D．Scientists are trying to stop Franciscana Dolphin from dying out.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要阐述了由于刺网捕鱼，阿根廷沿海的拉河豚面临灭绝，科学家们正在寻找可行的办法，使拉河豚这个物种继续繁殖下去。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
When the British poet Alfred Lord Tennyson described nature as “red in tooth and claw”， he was telling us that the natural world can be cruel as well as beautiful. __1__
Most people living in urban areas rarely encounter wild animals in their natural surroundings. __2__ And they are willing to get close to them. But for wild animals, it is “eat or be eaten，” and they can't distinguish between humans and other animals.
__3__ In Canadian woods lives a dog like animal, coyote, which is a little bigger than a fox, but smaller than a wolf. They usually avoid humans, but the occasional attacks can be deadly. Every year, one or two people end up getting killed by coyotes.
Earlier this year, a herd of elephants in Yunnan left their home in the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve and went on a meandering journey through the province. They destroyed crops and buildings along the way. Villages in their path had to be evacuated because of the potential dangers they posed to villagers. Animal experts haven't determined why the elephants went on their journey. __4__ The wild animals we love are in a constant struggle for survival. Our expanding into the natural habitats of wild animals can be dangerous for the animals and then us humans as well.
Maybe we should try to stay away from them. __5__ Their lives—red in tooth and claw—are difficult enough without us causing them any more problems than they already have.
A．A walk in the woods can be dangerous.
B．It is a way to protect the wild animals, and it's also our responsibility.
C．In Canada, people have a more realistic attitude towards wild animals.
D．In simple terms, we should try to keep proper distance from wild animals.
E．Hence they misunderstand that wild animals are just as friendly as Disney characters.
F．Thanks to active environmental conservation, the number of the elephants grew larger.
G．A reasonable possibility is that they probably needed more room and more food to survive.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章开篇借由英国诗人Alfred Lord Tennyson (阿尔弗雷德·劳德·丁尼生)的话“残酷无情”，引出观点：我们应尽量与野生动物保持距离。
1．答案：D
解析：设空处位于段末，应具有总结上文的作用。上文提到了英国诗人Alfred Lord Tennyson的话，他认为自然界可残酷可美丽。D项(简单地说，我们应该尽量与野生动物保持适当的距离。)总结上文。故选D。
2．答案：E
解析：上文“Most people living in urban areas rarely encounter wild animals in their natural surroundings.”提到了大多数生活在城市的人很少遇到野生动物。E项(因此，他们误以为野生动物和迪士尼角色一样友好。)承接上文，与上文构成因果关系。故选E。
3．答案：A
解析：设空处位于段首，应具有概述下文的作用。下文提到了加拿大森林里有一种土狼，有时会把人咬死。A项(在树林里散步可能很危险。)引出下文。故选A。
4．答案：G
解析：下文“The wild animals we love are in a constant struggle for survival.”提到了这些野生动物一直在为生存而奋斗。G项(一个合理的可能性是，它们可能需要更多的空间和更多的食物来生存。)引出下文。故选G。
5．答案：B
解析：上文“Maybe we should try to stay away from them.”提议应尽量远离野生动物。B项(这是保护野生动物的一种方式，也是我们的责任。)承接上文。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of__1__ new way of dressing, and it's beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer __2__(time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
“I think it's an amazing idea，” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead __3__ the fact that they have something unique to wear__4__ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women __5__ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive __6__ (solve) to one time event dressing. The concept __7__ (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing as service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
Tanya is also looking beyond special occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __8__ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer term rental period. “I really want to make this work for __9__ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean __10__ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚兴起的服装租赁服务。
1．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一种新兴的穿衣方式，应用不定冠词，且new是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
2．答案：times
解析：考查名词。此处time意为“次数”，为可数名词，根据设空前fewer可知，应用名词复数。故填times。
3．答案：on/upon
解析：考查介词。focus on/upon意为“专注于”。故填on/upon。
4．答案：and
解析：考查连词。设空处连接前后并列的内容，表示既有独特的衣服可以穿，又不至于让自己的衣柜堆满衣物。故填and。
5．答案：to rent
解析：考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语动词offers，设空处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to rent。
6．答案：solution
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前a less expensive可知，设空处应用名词作providing的宾语。故填solution。
7．答案：is
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语，主语The concept是单数，谓语动词也应用单数。结合全文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
8．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词less formal clothing，指物，在从句中作宾语。故填which。
9．答案：people's
解析：考查名词。此处指人们的生活，应用所有格形式。故填people's。
10．答案：returning
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一就归还衣服。mean doing sth意为“意味着做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
13(共51张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 5 A delicate world
Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
4
课前自主预习
Grammar (it作形式宾语)
①I think it difficult to learn English well.
②We make it clear that speaking to the teacher in that way is not polite.
③I don't like it when people talk with the mouth full of food.
在例句①②③中it用作形式宾语。
(1)句①用在“动词＋it＋形容词＋动词不定式(短语)”中，it指代______________________。
(2)句②用在“动词＋it＋形容词＋that从句”中，it指代___________。
(3)句③用在某些特殊的句式中，it指代____________。
动词不定式(短语)
that从句
when从句
精讲课时语法
it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面。it作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件：
(1)真正的宾语是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句。
(2)有宾语补足语。
一、不定式(短语)作真正的宾语
1．think/find/feel/consider/make/regard ... ＋it＋形容词＋不定式(短语)
I find it pleasant to work with him. (it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to work with him)
我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。
They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.(it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to finish the work)
他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。
2．think/find/feel/consider/make/regard ... ＋it＋名词＋不定式(短语)
She thinks it her duty to help us.(it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to help us)
她觉得帮助我们是她的责任。
I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.(it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to be invited to speak)
我觉得应邀在这里演讲是我的荣幸。
单句表达
①汤姆发现用汉语写信不难。
Tom didn't ______________________ letters in Chinese.
②我觉得我有责任给你写信表示感谢。
I __________________ to write to you and thank you.
find it difficult to write
consider it my duty
二、动名词(短语)作真正的宾语
动词＋it＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time/worth one's while等＋doing ...
I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.
告诉我他的秘密，我会酬谢你的。
He thought it no use trying to convince them.
他认为企图说服他们没有用。
单句表达
①这位教授认为只阅读而不理解没有益处。
The professor ____________________________ without understanding.
②你觉得再试会有好处吗？
Do you __________________________ again
considers it no good reading
consider it any good trying
三、从句作真正的宾语
1．动词＋it＋介词短语＋that从句
I took it for granted that they would not come.
我想当然地认为他们不会来了。
2．动词＋it＋名词＋that从句
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
会议取消了，我们都感到很遗憾。
3．动词＋it＋形容词＋that从句
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。
4．动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike＋it＋if/when引导的宾语从句
He will appreciate it if they invite him.
如果他们邀请他，他将非常感激。
She hates it when he bragged that he was the most important.
她讨厌他吹嘘自己最重要。
单句表达
①苏珊向我明确表示，她想为自己开创新生活。
Susan _____________ to me _______ she wished to make a new life for herself.
②如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来，我会很感激的。
I'd _____________ you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
③我们觉得生活向前迈进是理所当然的。
We ______________________ life moves forward.
④我们规定我们每天六点起床。
We ___________________ we get up at six every day.
made it clear
that
appreciate it if
take it for granted that
make it a rule that
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．Heat gently until the sugar ________ (溶解)．
2．This unique ___________ (生态系统) may soon be under pressure.
3．________ (养分) problem is one of the most serious problems.
4．They are about to r________ an album of their greatest hits.
5．Plants a________ carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.
dissolves
ecosystem
Nutrient
elease
bsorb
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Many accidents were due ________ pilots' misjudgment.
2．New technologies have made ________ easier to enjoy life than ever before.
3．You may depend on it ________ they will look after your daughter when you are away.
4．—Have you got used to the weather here
—Yes. But I don't enjoy it in the summer ________ it rains on end.
5．I would appreciate it very much ______ you could give me some suggestions.
to
it
that
when
if
6．Will you see to ____ that my children are taken good care of while I am away
7．Minerals in general are not nearly so well absorbed as other ___________ (nutrient)．
8．First of all, I think it very important ________ (make) more friends abroad.
9．Sharks feed ________ fish, other sea animals, or smaller sharks.
10．I think it no use ________ (argue) with him.
it
nutrients
to make
on
arguing
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．如果你能告诉我更多关于活动的事宜，我将不胜感激。
I would ________________ you could tell me more about the activity.
2．有些洗衣粉通过化学作用分解蛋白质。
Some washing powders ________________ proteins by chemical action.
3．我认为到这样一个地方去是不值得的。
I don't _________________________ to such a place.
4．他们发现和我们中国人合作很愉快。
They found ______________________ with us Chinese.
5．这种学校自古以来就存在。
This type of school has been ____________ since ancient times.
appreciate it if
break down
think it worthwhile going
it pleasant to work
in existence
6．有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
Several of the members have ________________ suggestions of their own.
7．熊猫产于中国四川。
The panda _____________ Sichuan in China.
8．我们规定每个周末都去拜访那些老人。
We ________________ visit the old every weekend.
9．毛虫以各类树木、灌木和植物为食。
The caterpillars __________ a wide range of trees, shrubs and plants.
10．我们都想当然地认为米莱能成功。
We all ________________________ Mile can succeed.
come up with
is native to
make it a rule to
feed on
take it for granted that
课后课时作业
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比50%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
With all the recent concern about the environment, people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well known environmental organizations.
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. It's been around for over 60 years. You can donate through their website worldwildlife.org, join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.
National Geographic Society (NGS)
National Geographic Society is famous for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest running in the world—It's been around since 1888. They focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You can donate money through the website nationalgeographic.org, buy something at their online store, or take out a subscription to the magazine.
National Wildlife Federation (NWF)
Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs. In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website ref.org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名的环保组织。
Set up in 1976, is run on users' clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy an endangered wilderness to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.
1．Which environmental organization has the shortest history
A．National Geographic Society (NGS)．
B.National Wildlife Federation (NWF)．
C．World Wildlife Fund (WWF)．
D..
解析：细节理解题。四个组织分别提到了“over 60 years”“since 1888”“Founded officially in 1937”及“Set up in 1976”可知，成立于1976年的的历史最短。故选D。
2．In what way is National Geographic Society different from the other three organizations
A．It protects societies as well as nature.
B．You need to be expert in protecting wildlife.
C．You can adopt an animal through its online adoption center.
D．It believes that education is the most important in helping the environment.
解析：细节理解题。根据National Geographic Society (NGS)部分中的“They focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies.”可知，国家地理协会与其他三个组织的不同在于它不仅保护自然，还保护社会。故选A。
3．How can you support National Wildlife Federation
A．By giving money through its website.
B.By clicking on its online articles.
C．By subscribing to its magazines.
D.By buying ad space on the site.
解析：细节理解题。根据National Wildlife Federation (NWF)部分中的“Donations to the NWF can be made through ... or memorial donations.”可知，你可以通过它的网站捐款来支持国家野生动物联盟。故选A。
B
Scientists say they are in a race against time. The endangered Franciscana Dolphin population off the Argentine coast is shrinking. The dolphins are dying in fishing nets and scientists are trying to reverse that trend.
Doctor Martin Mandez is one of the team leaders. He and his colleagues are combining three lines of research. They are catching the dolphins and implanting devices for satellite tracking. They are testing environmental conditions such as the food supply and water temperature to better understand why the dolphins choose to live there. And back in New York, Mandez is studying the dolphins on a molecular (分子的) level by sequencing (测定序列) their DNA to better classify family groups.
They think that they basically completed a very important piece of research. They combined each of their new data for addressing population structure.
The team hopes the combined data will paint a very clear picture of the rare dolphin's habitat, allowing scientists like Pablo Bordino to make informed recommendations for their protection. Bordino says the research is born some surprising discoveries.
They are finding that those animals are special residents. They don't like to move a lot so that results support the genetic results too.
And that could be important, according to Mandez, gill net fishing in certain areas has the potential to wipe out entire families of Franciscana Dolphins.
Basically the end goal is to preserve such kind of dolphins, as a viable (可繁衍的) species.This means having viable populations to distribute in space. So they are basically doing everything they can, combining all the evidence they can, different tools, and different lines of research to provide the best understanding they can to then put together a sense of conservation plan. So they are basically at the point. They trust throwing science at its best to address this issue.
Mandez says in recent years, local fishing and the government in Argentina had been helpful to their mission. Ultimately though, he believes the fate of the Franciscana dolphin may come down to science.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了阿根廷沿海的拉河豚面临灭绝，科学家们正在寻找可行的办法保护这个物种，使其能继续繁衍生息。
4．Which of the following statements belongs to the three lines of research
A．Tracking the leader of a dolphin family with satellites.
B．Improving the living conditions of the dolphins.
C．Studying the dolphins' preference for where to live.
D．Classifying the dolphins into different family groups by their habitats.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are catching the dolphins ... why the dolphins choose to live there.”可知，科学家们捕捉拉河豚并植入卫星跟踪装置，还进行了环境条件检测，是为了更好地了解拉河豚喜欢的生活地点。故选C。
5．The Franciscana dolphin's habit of living in certain areas without moving may have a consequence that________．
A．they may eat up all the food in certain areas
B．they may have the potential to harm other sea life
C．they are likely to be killed off by gill fishing
D．they will have trouble adapting to the environment in other areas
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段“And that could be important ... entire families of Franciscana Dolphins.(这可能很重要，根据Mandez(曼德兹)的说法，刺网捕鱼在某些地区有可能消灭拉河豚的整个家族。)”可推知，拉河豚不喜欢移动，这个习性很可能导致它们被刺网捕鱼灭绝。故选C。
6．What determines the fate of the Franciscana dolphin according to Mandez
A．Science.
B．Local fishing.
C．The habitat.
D．The government's effort.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Ultimately though, he believes the fate of the Franciscana dolphin may come down to science.(不过，他相信，拉河豚的命运最终可能取决于科学。)”可知，根据Mandez的说法，决定拉河豚命运的是科学。故选A。
7．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Fishing nets are putting rare dolphins in great danger.
B．Satellite tracking is widely used in protecting endangered dolphins.
C．Scientists are testing environmental conditions off the Argentine coast.
D．Scientists are trying to stop Franciscana Dolphin from dying out.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要阐述了由于刺网捕鱼，阿根廷沿海的拉河豚面临灭绝，科学家们正在寻找可行的办法，使拉河豚这个物种继续繁殖下去。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
When the British poet Alfred Lord Tennyson described nature as “red in tooth and claw”， he was telling us that the natural world can be cruel as well as beautiful. __1__
Most people living in urban areas rarely encounter wild animals in their natural surroundings. __2__ And they are willing to get close to them. But for wild animals, it is “eat or be eaten，” and they can't distinguish between humans and other animals.
__3__ In Canadian woods lives a dog like animal, coyote, which is a little bigger than a fox, but smaller than a wolf. They usually avoid humans, but the occasional attacks can be deadly. Every year, one or two people end up getting killed by coyotes.
Earlier this year, a herd of elephants in Yunnan left their home in the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve and went on a meandering journey through the province. They destroyed crops and buildings along the way. Villages in their path had to be evacuated because of the potential dangers they posed to villagers. Animal experts haven't determined why the elephants went on their journey. __4__ The wild animals we love are in a constant struggle for survival. Our expanding into the natural habitats of wild animals can be dangerous for the animals and then us humans as well.
Maybe we should try to stay away from them. __5__ Their lives—red in tooth and claw—are difficult enough without us causing them any more problems than they already have.
A．A walk in the woods can be dangerous.
B．It is a way to protect the wild animals, and it's also our responsibility.
C．In Canada, people have a more realistic attitude towards wild animals.
D．In simple terms, we should try to keep proper distance from wild animals.
E．Hence they misunderstand that wild animals are just as friendly as Disney characters.
F．Thanks to active environmental conservation, the number of the elephants grew larger.
G．A reasonable possibility is that they probably needed more room and more food to survive.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章开篇借由英国诗人Alfred Lord Tennyson (阿尔弗雷德·劳德·丁尼生)的话“残酷无情”，引出观点：我们应尽量与野生动物保持距离。
1．答案：D
2．答案：E
解析：设空处位于段末，应具有总结上文的作用。上文提到了英国诗人Alfred Lord Tennyson的话，他认为自然界可残酷可美丽。D项(简单地说，我们应该尽量与野生动物保持适当的距离。)总结上文。故选D。
解析：上文“Most people living in urban areas rarely encounter wild animals in their natural surroundings.”提到了大多数生活在城市的人很少遇到野生动物。E项(因此，他们误以为野生动物和迪士尼角色一样友好。)承接上文，与上文构成因果关系。故选E。
3．答案：A
4．答案：G
解析：设空处位于段首，应具有概述下文的作用。下文提到了加拿大森林里有一种土狼，有时会把人咬死。A项(在树林里散步可能很危险。)引出下文。故选A。
解析：下文“The wild animals we love are in a constant struggle for survival.”提到了这些野生动物一直在为生存而奋斗。G项(一个合理的可能性是，它们可能需要更多的空间和更多的食物来生存。)引出下文。故选G。
解析：上文“Maybe we should try to stay away from them.”提议应尽量远离野生动物。B项(这是保护野生动物的一种方式，也是我们的责任。)承接上文。故选B。
5．答案：B
Ⅲ 语法填空
The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of__1__ new way of dressing, and it's beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer __2__(time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
“I think it's an amazing idea，” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead __3__ the fact that they have something unique to wear__4__ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women __5__ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive __6__ (solve) to one time event dressing. The concept __7__ (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing as service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
Tanya is also looking beyond special occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __8__ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer term rental period. “I really want to make this work for __9__ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean __10__ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚兴起的服装租赁服务。
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
1．答案：a
2．答案：times
3．答案：on/upon
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一种新兴的穿衣方式，应用不定冠词，且new是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
解析：考查名词。此处time意为“次数”，为可数名词，根据设空前fewer可知，应用名词复数。故填times。
解析：考查介词。focus on/upon意为“专注于”。故填on/upon。
4．答案：and
5．答案：to rent
解析：考查连词。设空处连接前后并列的内容，表示既有独特的衣服可以穿，又不至于让自己的衣柜堆满衣物。故填and。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语动词offers，设空处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to rent。
6．答案：solution
7．答案：is
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前a less expensive可知，设空处应用名词作providing的宾语。故填solution。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语，主语The concept是单数，谓语动词也应用单数。结合全文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
8．答案：which
9．答案：people's
10．答案：returning
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词less formal clothing，指物，在从句中作宾语。故填which。
解析：考查名词。此处指人们的生活，应用所有格形式。故填people's。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一就归还衣服。mean doing sth意为“意味着做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
