英语 选择性必修 第二册 WY
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Plan B: Life on Mars
B计划：在火星上生活？
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button.
在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类以及地球上所有的高级生命体，就可能被核导弹彻底毁灭。
Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.
然而，今天，环境问题已经成为地球上的生命面临的最大风险。
Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.
科学家们正在思考降低这种风险的方法，比如用可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。
But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life
但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？
What is our Plan B for Earth
我们的地球B计划是什么？
词句自测
①Mars n. 火星
②advanced adj. 高级的；先进的
③wipe v. 擦，拭，揩
④wipe__out 彻底摧毁，消灭
⑤nuclear adj. 核武器的
⑥terrifying adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.
一种选择是探索其他行星，看看我们是否能在它们上面生活。
The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
最有可能的选择是火星，它与地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。
Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.
火星自古以来就吸引着人们，我们现在对火星探测的兴趣比以往任何时候都更浓厚。
Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity.
像《火星救援》这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎。
More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North west China's Qinghai Province.
越来越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关“红色星球”的教育，例如美国犹他州沙漠的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。
词句自测
⑦hostile adj. (生长环境)恶劣的
⑧“主(One option)系(is)表(to explore other planets)”。不定式短语to see ... them作目的状语；if we could live on them是if引导的宾语从句。
Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人飞船。
Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images.
我们的探测器已经绕火星运行，发回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图像。
Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life.
我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面，测试了土壤并在寻找资源、水和生命的迹象。
Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.
受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内进行载人火星任务。
词句自测
⑨unmanned adj. 无人驾驶(操纵)的
⑩spacecraft n. 航天器，宇宙飞船
orbit v. 环绕……运行
stunning adj. 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
agency n. 机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处
“主(space agencies of various countries)谓(are planning)宾(manned missions)”。Encouraged by ... the years作原因状语；that could ... 25 years是定语从句，修饰missions。
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。
However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race.
然而，把人类送上火星将要求全人类的技能、勇气和智慧。
While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation.
虽然月球可以在几天内到达，但要到达火星需要几个月的时间，期间要穿过危险的太阳辐射。
And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth—ever.
而且即使第一批定居者真的安全抵达火星，他们也可能永远无法返回地球。
Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible.
维持生命将是一项日常挑战，但正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的那样，这并非不可能。
词句自测
“让步状语从句(While the ... within days)＋主句(it takes ... to reach Mars)”。主句中，it作形式主语，不定式短语to reach Mars作真正的主语；现在分词短语travelling through dangerous solar radiation作伴随状语。
As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.
早在20世纪80年代，科学家们就在亚利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圈2号”。
It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.
它由一个封闭的空间组成，人、动物和植物可以在其中共同生活。
The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world.
这个“封闭”的概念意味着这个空间被设计成依靠自身的氧气、食物和水来运作，而不需要外界的任何东西。
Although the two year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.
尽管这项为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何在另一个星球上生活。
More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.
最近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。
That definitely is a big step forward.
这无疑是向前迈出的一大步。
词句自测
consist v. 组成
consist__of 由……构成，由……组成
“让步状语从句(Although ... a success)＋主句(it did provide ... planet)”。did强调谓语动词provide；how humans ... planet是宾语从句。
For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away.
目前，人类在火星定居仍需几十年的时间。
In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.
与此同时，科学研究表明地球正在变暖。
This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.
这种变化是由人类活动引起的，而且对生物圈产生了严重的影响。
Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own.
在我们最终能够生活在另一个星球上之前，我们需要更好地保护好我们自己的星球。
Right now, it's the only one we have!
现在，它是我们唯一赖以生存的星球！
词句自测
in__the__meantime 在此期间，与此同时
1 advanced adj. 高级的；先进的(教材P90)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①He introduced advanced technology and management into China.
他把先进的技术和管理引入中国。
②This meeting room is a non smoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
这个会议室是无烟区。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，将会被罚款。
③We should make arrangements in advance of the meeting.
我们应当在开会前做好准备工作。
④Xi'an, with a rich history and culture, has made great advances (in) preventing the pollution of the environment over the past 10 years.
过去十年，西安这座有着悠久历史文化的古城，在防止环境污染方面取得了很大的进展。
(1)单句语法填空
①You will be at an advantage if you have thought about the interview questions ________ advance.
②We should learn their ________ (advance) experience in management from them.
答案：①in ②advanced
(2)语段填空
他决心去国外学习这项先进技术，已做了准备，并提前申请了护照。他相信自己会在这一领域取得巨大进步并且遥遥领先于他的同学。
Determined to learn the ________ technology abroad, he has made preparations and applied for a passport __________________. He believes he will __________________________________ this field and be far ________________________ his classmates.
答案：advanced; in advance; make great advances in; in advance of
2 terrifying adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的(教材P90)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The story he told was so terrifying that it gave me the shivers.
他讲述的故事是如此令人害怕，以至于让我发抖。
②He terrified the boy into telling a lie.
他恐吓那个小男孩，使他撒了谎。
③Don't be terrified of the difficulties. Try your best.
别怕困难，尽你最大的努力。
名师点津 terrifying多用来形容事物，表示事物的性质；而terrified则多用来形容人或表情、声音等，表示人的感觉。
(1)单句语法填空
①The old lady was terrified ________ crossing the busy road.
②Mark was terrified ________ the thought of parachuting.
③The boys, faced with this somewhat ________ (terrify) figure, had lost their tongues.
④To the ________ of everyone, he made a ________ decision and made everyone present ________．(terrify)
答案：①of ②at/by ③terrifying ④terror; terrifying; terrified
(2)单句表达
这些可怕的故事吓坏了这个女孩，这让她的母亲非常害怕。
______________________________ the girl, which made ____________________．
答案：The terrifying stories terribly terrified; her mother terrified
3 expose v. 使暴露(于险境)(教材P93)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.
不要让婴孩受到强烈的阳光照射。
②Yang Ming's neighbours say they were being driven mad by being exposed to such noise.
杨明的邻居们说处于这样的噪音中他们快要被逼疯了。
③Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.
已知接触铅会损害幼童的大脑。
(1)写出下列句中expose的含义
①The soldiers were warned to remain hidden and not to expose themselves.________
②The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.________
③He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of white teeth.________
④We want to expose the kids to as much art as possible.________
答案：①暴露 ②揭露 ③露出 ④使接触
(2)单句语法填空
①Being exposed ________ the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
②Long ________ (expose) to noisy surroundings may result in some physical and mental problems.
答案：①to ②exposure
1 wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭(教材P90)
归纳拓展
①The disease almost wiped out the people of the island.
这种疾病几乎将岛上所有人毁灭。
②Our football team had a lead in the match, but the last minute goal of the guest team wiped it away.
我们的足球队本来在比赛中领先，但客队最后一分钟的进球使这一优势消失。
③You must have wiped off that programme I recorded.
你一定是把我录制的节目抹掉了。
(1)用wipe的相关短语填空
①I tried to ________ the whole episode ________ my mind.
②They think that taking exercise can ____________ their stress.
③Billions of pounds were ____________ share prices today.
答案：①wipe; from ②wipe away ③wiped off
(2)单句表达
据报道，在过去的50年中，大约80%的北京四合院被摧毁。
It's reported that in the past 50 years around 80 percent of Beijing's courtyard houses ____________________．
答案：have been wiped out
2 consist of 由……构成，由……组成(教材P92)
归纳拓展
①Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.
生活中不仅有阳光，也有艰难困苦的时候。
②The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
这座城市的美就在于其宏伟的建筑。
③We must be consistent in applying the rules.
我们在实施这些规则时必须保持一致。
④The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。
名师点津 (1)consist of不用于被动语态和进行时。 (2)表示“由……组成/构成”的短语还有be made up of, be composed of等。
(1)用consist 的相关短语填空
①As everyone knows, water ______________ oxygen and hydrogen.
②True wealth doesn't ____________ what we are.
③His conclusions do not ____________ the facts.
答案：①consists of ②consist in ③consist with
(2)语段填空
生活主要是由幸福和悲伤组成，而幸福主要在于奋斗。请记住，你的理想生活并不总是与现实相一致的。
Life mainly ____________ happiness and sorrow while happiness ____________ struggle. Remember that your ideal life does not always ____________ the reality.
答案：consists of; consists in; consist with
3 in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时(教材P92)
归纳拓展
①The train won't leave within an hour. In the meantime, we can have lunch.
火车在一个小时之内不会开走。在此期间，我们可以吃午餐。
②My daughter went to see her piano teacher this morning. Meantime/Meanwhile, I went shopping.
我女儿今天上午去见她的钢琴老师。在此期间，我去购物了。
(1)单句语法填空
①Please post this letter in the post office nearby, and ________ the meantime, I will get two tickets in the train station.
②I'm changing my email address but ________ the meantime you can use the old one.
答案：①in ②for
(2)单句表达
与此同时，夜变得越来越黑。
______________________， the night became darker and darker.
答案：In the meantime/Meanwhile
1 ... what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life (教材P90)……如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？
剖析 what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films是What if ... 句型。
归纳拓展
①What (could I do) if he doesn't agree with me
要是他不同意我的看法(，我该)怎么办？
②If she spent five years in Paris, how come her French is so bad
既然她在巴黎待了五年，为什么她的法语这么糟糕？
(1)单句语法填空
①What ________ we moved the sofa over there Would that look better
②He replied with characteristic insouciance: “So ________？”
答案：①if ②what
(2)句型转换
What can we do if we can't find the lost car
→____________ we can't find the lost car
答案：What if
2 There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. (教材P91)毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。
剖析 “There is no doubt that ...”是常用句型结构，其中doubt为名词，that引导的是doubt的同位语从句。
归纳拓展
①There is no doubt that staying up is more likely to result in over anxiety.
毫无疑问，熬夜更有可能导致过度焦虑。
②There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job.
他是否是这个工作的最佳人选还有些疑问。
③I don't doubt that they can complete the task on time.
我确信他们能按时完成这项任务。
名师点津 doubt既可以作名词，又可以作动词。在肯定句中常接whether/if引导的从句(同位语从句中只用whether)，在否定句和疑问句中常接that从句。
(1)单句语法填空
①I doubt ________ he will continue to work here.
②I don't doubt ________ he will win the competition.
答案：①whether/if ②that
(2)单句表达
毫无疑问，互联网使交流更容易，也有助于我们了解最新的信息。
________________________ the Internet makes communication easier and helps us keep up with the latest information.
答案：There is no doubt that
3 While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. (教材P91)虽然到达月球只需要几天的时间，但是到达火星却需要数月的时间，并且期间要经历危险的太阳辐射。
剖析 while引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although或though。
归纳拓展
①While the Internet is of great use to us, I don't think we should spend too much time on it.
尽管互联网对我们非常有用，但我认为我们不应该花费太多的时间在上面。
②I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.
我总是随身携带着便携式电视，坐在石墙上看，小狗则在我身边绕圈。
③I'm good at playing table tennis, while my brother is good at playing tennis.
我擅长打乒乓球，而我弟弟擅长打网球。
(1)写出下列句中while的含义
①Men tended to be violent while women acted in the opposite way.________
②While I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace disappeared.________
③She worked in a bank for a while before studying law.________
④While those seeds are expensive, the companies tell farmers that they will make good profits.________
答案：①然而 ②当……时 ③一段时间 ④虽然
(2)单句表达
尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。
__________________________， I do not have much time available.
答案：While I am willing to help
4 And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth—ever. (教材P91)而且，即使第一批开拓者安全抵达火星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。
剖析 even if意为“即使；尽管”，相当于even though，引导让步状语从句。
归纳拓展
①Native English speakers can understand each other even if/though they don't speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
②We have decided to visit the museum even if/though it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我们也决定去参观博物馆。
(1)单句语法填空
①They will stand by you even if/though you ________ (not) succeed.
②Hard ________ he studies, he makes little progress.
③________ these icons have different shapes, they are of similar size and color.
答案：①don't ②as/though ③While
(2)单句表达
即使你皮肤黝黑，仍需要防晒。
__________________________， you still need protection from the sun.
答案：Even if/though you have dark skin
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．People who have experienced flood often say that's a ________ (极其可怕的) experience.
答案：terrifying
2．Dressed in a spacesuit in the base, the young man looks more like an ________ (宇航员) I've been admiring.
答案：astronaut
3．It can be ________ (推断) from the passage that DustCart will not come into use very soon.
答案：inferred
4．The guitarist conquered his audience with his ________ (极具吸引力的) solo performance.
答案：stunning
5．Without more training or ________ (高级的) technical skills, they'll lose their jobs.
答案：advanced
6．According to the Science and Technology A________， young Japanese are surrounded by high tech devices, but are not interested in how they work.
答案：Agency
7．The workers wear masks to avoid inhaling the d________．
答案：dust
8．Is it 48 hours that it takes the man made satellite which is made in our country to o________ the planet around
答案：orbit
9．There is a new t________ growing out of the fallen dead tree.
答案：trunk
10．A Russian space c________ is currently orbiting the Earth.
答案：capsule
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．A rescue plan could be achieved by sending an ________ (unman) module to the space station.
答案：unmanned
2．She was ________ (terrify) at the thought of being alone.
答案：terrified
3．Prolonged ________ (expose) to these pollutants may result in chronic disease.
答案：exposure
4．If what you say is not ________ (consist) with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.
答案：consistent
5．It is possible to “read” others around us, even ________ they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.
答案：if/though
6．From the passage we can infer ________ cloning has already been used to treat heart diseases.
答案：that
7．The subject of the talk is announced a week ________ advance.
答案：in
8．No matter ________ they slander us, we will never give in.
答案：how
9．We must strike ________ the iron is hot.
答案：while
10．I never doubt ________ special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.
答案：that
Ⅲ.选词填空
in the meantime; even if; wipe out; consist of; what if
1．Some advertisements ____________ pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are.
答案：consist of
2．We are now enjoying the cool air in the room. ____________， the farmers are harvesting crops in the hot sun.
答案：In the meantime
3．To ____________ the resistant force, they declared that they had put army including advanced tanks and fighter planes in place.
答案：wipe out
4．You see, we will face many more exams in the future ____________ we leave school!
答案：even if
5．My heart is beating heavily. ____________ I failed the exam
答案：What if
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．健康饮食应由全天然的食物构成。
A healthy diet should ________________ wholefood.
答案：consist of
2．这种疾病有毁灭整个族群的危险。
The disease threatens to ________________ the entire population.
答案：wipe out
3．毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。
There __________________ that this candidate's advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
答案：is no doubt
4．虽然我明白你说的话，可是我还是不能同意。(while引导让步状语从句)
________________________ what you say, I can't agree with you.
答案：While I understand
5．尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。(even if 引导让步状语从句)
He is willing to help us ____________________ very busy.
答案：even if he is
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比25%) 拔高题(占比25%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★★★
Ⅰ 阅读
Researchers from the University of Queensland (UQ) have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating language barriers among scientists. The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”， ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.
UQ's Dr Pablo Negret said the research team analysed more than 10，000 bird species, and found that 1，587 species have 10 languages or more spoken within their distributions. “Scientific information on species can be spread across different languages, but valuable information can go missing or get lost in translation，” Dr Negret said. “Without enough sharing of information, this can affect the effectiveness of conservation measures.”
Take the common bird Pochard for example. It is classified as vulnerable species (易危种) and crosses 108 countries in Europe, Asia and north Africa, where a total of 75 official languages are spoken. The survival of the common Pochard, and so many other species, depends on effective cooperation and policy agreements among people with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically, in relation to the language spoken in those regions. “We hope the app will encourage researchers and conservation organisations to interact with their peers in other regions, especially if they speak different languages, and be a starting point to allow everyone to work together to protect threatened species，” Dr Negret said.
Dr Tatsuya Amano, a researcher and the co author of the paper, said this work could extend further than bird species. “Any species, whether they're mammals, amphibians (两栖动物), or plants, with a range crossing multiple countries will be impacted by language barriers, as well as species that migrate across different countries, such as marine species and butterflies，” he said. “The significance of the impact of poor communication on such an important issue is evident, and is the reason why we're working hard to improve science communication across languages.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新型的应用程序，该程序被用来保护世界各地濒临灭绝的鸟类。
1．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Giving in to. B.Coming across.
C.Putting up with. D.Breaking down.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“The Bird Language Diversity ... to improve worldwide conservation.”和第二段中的“‘Scientific information on species ... or get lost in translation，’ Dr Negret said.”可知，这款应用程序通过打破科学家之间的语言障碍来保护世界各地濒临灭绝的鸟类。由此可推知，画线词意为“破坏，消除”。故选D。
2．What is the function of adequate sharing of information
A．Ensuring the effectiveness of protective measures.
B．Helping people know more about scientists' efforts.
C．Spreading knowledge of the diversity of birds worldwide.
D．Compromising the effectiveness of conservation measures.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Without enough sharing of information, this can affect the effectiveness of conservation measures.”可知，充分的信息共享可以确保保护措施的有效性。故选A。
3．What is shown on the app
A．The producer of the app.
B.The organizations involved.
C．The location of endangered birds.
D.The information of new geographers.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This app reveals where threatened ... in those regions.”可知，该应用程序显示了濒危鸟类和候鸟地理上的位置。故选C。
4．What can be the best title for the text
A．Birds Protection Is an Urgency
B.A New Bird App Spreads Its Wings
C．A New Bird App Helps Learn Languages
D.Poor Communication Impacts Cooperation
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。根据第一段“Researchers from the University of Queensland (UQ) ... to improve worldwide conservation.”可知，本文主要介绍了一款新型的应用程序，该程序被用来保护世界各地濒临灭绝的鸟类。故选B。
Ⅱ 完形填空
Back in 2007, Uruguay had a serious problem with no obvious answer: The economy was growing very fast, but there wasn't enough energy to power the rapid __1__．
Then Ramón Méndez Galain, a physicist, started __2__ different potential paths for Uruguay's energy future. Finally, he wrote a plan that Uruguay could almost entirely __3__ renewable energy. There would be less __4__ and it would be the most economical choice Uruguay could make in the long run.
Méndez Galain's plan was built around two simple __5__ about his country. First, while there wasn't a domestic (国内的) supply of coal or oil, there was a great deal of __6__. Second, that wind blew over a country that was known for __7__ grassland. His plan for Uruguay's energy future was to __8__ the empty grassland into hundreds of wind farms.
To solve the problem of how to pay for all those wind farms, Méndez Galain came up with a variation on a(n) __9__ used by some electric plants in neighboring Brazil, in which state owned power plants handled energy generation, while __10__ companies were in charge of power distribution and customer service. Méndez Galain's plan changed the relationship to the __11__， so that private companies would be in charge of setting up and __12__ the wind farms, while the state owned power companies would distribute that energy to its customers.
The strategy worked __13__ well. Just within a few years, Méndez Galain had __14__ what he had set out to do: 98% of Uruguay's __15__ comes from renewable sources.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。物理学家Ramón Méndez Galain (雷蒙·门德斯·加拉兰)制订了一个计划，帮助乌拉圭实现了98%的电力来自可再生能源。
1．A.decline B．growth
C．consumption D．program
答案：B
解析：decline 下降；growth 增长；consumption 消耗；program 程序。根据前文“The economy was growing very fast, but there wasn't enough energy”可知，乌拉圭的经济增长非常快，但没有足够的能源来推动这种快速增长，设空处应与“growing very fast”相照应。故选B。
2．A.building B．blocking
C．repairing D．seeking
答案：D
解析：build 建立；block 阻断；repair 修复；seek 寻找。根据前文可知，乌拉圭没有足够的能源推动经济的快速增长，根据后文“different potential paths for Uruguay's energy future”可知，物理学家Ramón Méndez Galain开始为乌拉圭的能源的未来寻找不同的潜在途径。故选D。
3．A.rely on B．find out
C．refer to D．give up
答案：A
解析：rely on 依赖；find out 找出；refer to 提到；give up 放弃。根据后文“renewable energy”以及“There would be less ... in the long run.”可知，Ramón Méndez Galain认为乌拉圭几乎可以完全依靠可再生能源。故选A。
4．A.risk B．power
C．pollution D．benefit
答案：C
解析：risk 风险；power 能力；pollution 污染；benefit 益处。根据前文“Uruguay could almost entirely __3__ renewable energy”可知，利用可再生能源可以减少污染。故选C。
5．A.facts B．theories
C．answers D．principles
答案：A
解析：fact 事实；theory 理论；answer 答案；principle 原则。根据后文“First, while there wasn't a domestic (国内的) supply ... was known for __7__ grassland.”可知，Méndez Galain的计划建立在关于他的国家的两个简单事实之上。故选A。
6．A.water B．light
C．wind D．ice
答案：C
解析：water 水；light 光；wind 风；ice 冰。根据后文“His plan for Uruguay's ... hundreds of wind farms.”可知，那里可以建造风力发电厂，所以有大量的风能。故选C。
7．A.tended B．undeveloped
C．protected D．limited
答案：B
解析：tend 倾向于；照顾；undeveloped 未开发的；protected 受保护的；limited 有限的。根据后文“the empty grassland”可知，此处是指一片未开发的草原。故选B。
8．A.break B．put
C．send D．turn
答案：D
解析：break 打破；put 放；send 寄；turn 使变成。根据后文“the empty grassland into hundreds of wind farms”可知，Méndez Galain的计划是将未开发的草原变成数百个风力发电场。故选D。
9．A.tool B．software
C．image D．approach
答案：D
解析：根据前文“To solve the problem of how to pay for all those wind farms”和设空前“came up with”以及后文“used by some electric plants in neighboring Brazil”可知，Méndez Galain提出了一种解决问题的方法。故选D。
10．A.responsible B．weak
C．private D．profitable
答案：C
解析：responsible 负责任的；weak 虚弱的；private 私营的；profitable 赢利的。根据前文“state－owned power plants handled energy generation”可知，国有发电厂负责发电，而私营公司负责配电和客户服务。故选C。
11．A.public B．opposite
C．rich D．powerful
答案：B
解析：根据前文“state－owned power plants ... and customer service”和后文“private companies would be ... to its customers”可知，两种方法是相反的。故选B。
12．A.managing B．selling
C．abandoning D．starting
答案：A
解析：manage 管理；sell 卖；abandon 抛弃；start 开始。根据前文“private companies would be in charge of setting up”和后文“the state owned power companies would distribute that energy to its customers”可知，私营公司将负责建立和管理风力发电场。故选A。
13．A.hardly B．relatively
C．unexpectedly D．rarely
答案：C
解析：hardly 几乎不；relatively 相对地；unexpectedly 出乎意料地；rarely 很少地。根据后文“Just within a few years ... comes from renewable sources.”可知，Méndez Galain的这个方法非常成功，超出了预期。故选C。
14．A.forgotten B．achieved
C．apologized D．approved
答案：B
解析：根据后文“what he had set out to do ... comes from renewable sources”可知，在短短几年内，Méndez Galain就实现了他的目标。故选B。
15．A.income B．food
C．supply D．electricity
答案：D
解析：income 收入；food 食物；supply 供应；electricity 电。根据前文“His plan for Uruguay's ... hundreds of wind farms.”可知，乌拉圭98%的电力来自可再生能源。故选D。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Overfishing and climate change are pushing some of the __1__ (world) most iconic seabirds to the brink (边缘) of extinction, according to a new report.
The study reveals that kittiwakes (海鸥) and gannets (塘鹅) __2__ (be) among a number of seabirds that have now joined the red list of under threat birds __3__ (draw) up by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)．
According to the study, birds are well studied and great indicators of the health of the wider environment. A species __4__ higher risk of dying out is such a worrying alarm call __5__ action needs to be taken now.
The study finds that overfishing and changes in the Pacific and north Atlantic caused by climate change __6__ (affect) the availability of sand eels (鳗鱼) in recent years. This has caused “disastrous chick survival rates”， it says. __7__ (global), the species is thought to have declined by about 40% since the 1970s, __8__ (justify) its move from the “least concern” category to “vulnerable” on the Red List.
“The alarming decline of the seabirds provides a painful lesson in what happens __9__ nations take __10__ ‘out of sight, out of mind’ approach to conservation，” said Marguerite Tarzia, European marine conservation officer for Bird Life International.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。过度捕捞鱼类和气候变化让海鸟的生存变得艰难，人们应该努力去保护它们。
1．答案：world's
解析：考查名词。应用名词所有格修饰名词seabirds。故填world's。
2．答案：are
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据reveals可知，应用一般现在时，且主语kittiwakes (海鸥) and gannets (塘鹅) 为复数。故填are。
3．答案：drawn
解析：考查非谓语动词。draw与the red list之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填drawn。
4．答案：at
解析：考查介词。at risk of doing ...“处于……危险中”，为固定搭配。故填at。
5．答案：that
解析：考查连词。句意：一种处于更高灭绝风险的物种，是如此一个令人担忧的警报以至于需要现在就采取行动。such ... that ... 表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
6．答案：have affected
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。affect作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，根据时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时，主语overfishing and changes是复数。故填have affected。
7．答案：Globally
解析：考查词性转换。应用副词修饰整个句子作状语，位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Globally。
8．答案：justifying
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填justifying。
9．答案：when
解析：考查状语从句的连接词。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，应用when引导。故填when。
10．答案：an
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一种眼不见心不烦的保护方法”，应用不定冠词，且out的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
Ⅳ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a hot September afternoon, Peter and his friend Isabel were on their way to the library. When they passed by Tubman park, Isabel suggested cutting through it to get to the library. As they entered the park, the sight of the swings (秋千) and the merry go round brought back a flood of memories of their childhood spent there. But now everything looked so old, sad, and dirty. Litter lay on the ground next to an overflowing trash bin. There were still young schoolchildren playing there but they had to avoid the trash that littered the playground. A little boy told them that the city took the other trash cans away and the remaining one never got emptied often.
As they headed toward the library, the two high school students wrinkled their forehead. In the library, they encountered Mrs Evans, their kind hearted fifth grade teacher, retired yet still passionate. Mrs Evans listened as Isabel and Peter eagerly explained what they'd seen. Finally, she recommended them to go to the City Hall to voice their concerns.
The next day, Isabel and Peter went into the building of the City Hall but were met with an impatient officer. They were informed that the city couldn't help with their problem due to a tight budget. Discouraged, they left and turned to Mrs Evans for help.
Under her guidance, they decided to ask Go Green, a non profit organization whose goal is to protect the environment, for help. “This group is good at raising money for projects just like yours，” said Mrs Evans. She promised to arrange them to present their ideas to Go Green. Hearing this, their face lit up.
Two main tasks remained ahead: researching ways to clean up the park and preparing a convincing presentation. As Isabel was good at researching while Peter always had a talent for speaking, they cooperated quite well. Isabel learned from a science magazine that a new type of trash bin can squeeze the trash down without being emptied often, which saves time, money, and energy. Based on this, Peter practiced his presentation over and over again.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
A week later, Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting. After the meeting, Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Peter (彼得)和Isabel (伊莎贝尔)发现儿时玩耍的公园破败不堪，于是在他们老师Evans (伊文思)女士的指导下，向以保护环境为目标的非营利性组织Go Green寻求帮助。一周后，Peter在Go Green陈述会上说了什么？Peter又得到了什么好消息呢？
[精彩范文]
A week later, Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting. Finally, it was time for him to do the presentation. Standing in front of several experts from Go Green, Peter was nervous in fear of screwing things up. But unbelievably, when he began to speak, everything went so smoothly. His voice was clear and influential, and his speech was logical and well organized. Peter ended his presentation with a deep bow and went out to wait for Go Green's decision.
After the meeting, Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news. Their ideas were approved and Go Green agreed to provide the money they needed to purchase the trash bin. Peter smiled. It meant not only their efforts paid off, but also Tubman park would restore its cleanness and tidiness. Peter and Isabel decided to tell Mrs Evans this good news first and then worked out the next step they needed to take.
26(共94张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6 Survival
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
课前预习自检
重点合作探究
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
４
课前预习自检
Plan B: Life on Mars
B计划：在火星上生活？
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button.
在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类以及地球上所有的高级生命体，就可能被核导弹彻底毁灭。
Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.
然而，今天，环境问题已经成为地球上的生命面临的最大风险。
Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.
科学家们正在思考降低这种风险的方法，比如用可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。
But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life
但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？
What is our Plan B for Earth
我们的地球B计划是什么？
词句自测
①________ n. 火星
②___________adj. 高级的；先进的
③___________v. 擦，拭，揩
④___________ 彻底摧毁，消灭
⑤___________ adj. 核武器的
⑥___________ adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
Mars
advanced
wipe
wipe out
nuclear
terrifying
One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.
一种选择是探索其他行星，看看我们是否能在它们上面生活。
The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
最有可能的选择是火星，它与地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。
Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.
火星自古以来就吸引着人们，我们现在对火星探测的兴趣比以往任何时候都更浓厚。
Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity.
像《火星救援》这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎。
More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North west China's Qinghai Province.
越来越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关“红色星球”的教育，例如美国犹他州沙漠的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。
词句自测
⑦___________ adj. (生长环境)恶劣的
⑧“主(One option)系(is)表(to explore other planets)”。不定式短语to see ... them作___________；if we could live on them是if引导的________从句。
hostile
目的状语
宾语
Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人飞船。
Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images.
我们的探测器已经绕火星运行，发回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图像。
Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life.
我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面，测试了土壤并在寻找资源、水和生命的迹象。
Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.
受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内进行载人火星任务。
词句自测
⑨___________adj. 无人驾驶(操纵)的
⑩___________ n. 航天器，宇宙飞船
___________ v. 环绕……运行
___________ adj. 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
___________ n. 机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处
“主(space agencies of various countries)谓(are planning)宾(manned missions)”。Encouraged by ... the years作___________；that could ... 25 years是___________从句，修饰___________。
unmanned
spacecraft
orbit
stunning
agency
原因状语
定语
missions
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。
However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race.
然而，把人类送上火星将要求全人类的技能、勇气和智慧。
While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation.
虽然月球可以在几天内到达，但要到达火星需要几个月的时间，期间要穿过危险的太阳辐射。
And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth—ever.
而且即使第一批定居者真的安全抵达火星，他们也可能永远无法返回地球。
Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible.
维持生命将是一项日常挑战，但正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的那样，这并非不可能。
词句自测
“让步状语从句(While the ... within days)＋主句(it takes ... to reach Mars)”。主句中，it作___________，不定式短语to reach Mars作___________；现在分词短语travelling through dangerous solar radiation作___________。
形式主语
真正的主语
伴随状语
As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.
早在20世纪80年代，科学家们就在亚利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圈2号”。
It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.
它由一个封闭的空间组成，人、动物和植物可以在其中共同生活。
The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world.
这个“封闭”的概念意味着这个空间被设计成依靠自身的氧气、食物和水来运作，而不需要外界的任何东西。
Although the two year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.
尽管这项为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何在另一个星球上生活。
More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.
最近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。
That definitely is a big step forward.
这无疑是向前迈出的一大步。
词句自测
___________v. 组成
___________ 由……构成，由……组成
“让步状语从句(Although ... a success)＋主句(it did provide ... planet)”。did强调谓语动词provide；how humans ... planet是_____从句。
consist
consist of
宾语
For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away.
目前，人类在火星定居仍需几十年的时间。
In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.
与此同时，科学研究表明地球正在变暖。
This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.
这种变化是由人类活动引起的，而且对生物圈产生了严重的影响。
Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own.
在我们最终能够生活在另一个星球上之前，我们需要更好地保护好我们自己的星球。
Right now, it's the only one we have!
现在，它是我们唯一赖以生存的星球！
词句自测
________________ 在此期间，与此同时
in the meantime
重点合作探究
1 advanced adj. 高级的；先进的(教材P90)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①He introduced advanced technology and management into China.
他把先进的技术和管理引入中国。
②This meeting room is a non smoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
这个会议室是无烟区。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，将会被罚款。
③We should make arrangements in advance of the meeting.
我们应当在开会前做好准备工作。
④Xi'an, with a rich history and culture, has made great advances (in) preventing the pollution of the environment over the past 10 years.
过去十年，西安这座有着悠久历史文化的古城，在防止环境污染方面取得了很大的进展。
(1)单句语法填空
①You will be at an advantage if you have thought about the interview questions ____ advance.
②We should learn their ________ (advance) experience in management from them.
(2)语段填空
他决心去国外学习这项先进技术，已做了准备，并提前申请了护照。他相信自己会在这一领域取得巨大进步并且遥遥领先于他的同学。
Determined to learn the ________ technology abroad, he has made preparations and applied for a passport ___________. He believes he will ______________________ this field and be far ______________ his classmates.
in
advanced
advanced
in advance
make great advances in
in advance of
2 terrifying adj. 极其可怕的，骇人听闻的(教材P90)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①The story he told was so terrifying that it gave me the shivers.
他讲述的故事是如此令人害怕，以至于让我发抖。
②He terrified the boy into telling a lie.
他恐吓那个小男孩，使他撒了谎。
③Don't be terrified of the difficulties. Try your best.
别怕困难，尽你最大的努力。
名师点津
terrifying多用来形容事物，表示事物的性质；而terrified则多用来形容人或表情、声音等，表示人的感觉。
(1)单句语法填空
①The old lady was terrified ________ crossing the busy road.
②Mark was terrified ________ the thought of parachuting.
③The boys, faced with this somewhat ________ (terrify) figure, had lost their tongues.
④To the ______ of everyone, he made a _________ decision and made everyone present ________．(terrify)
(2)单句表达
这些可怕的故事吓坏了这个女孩，这让她的母亲非常害怕。
______________________________ the girl, which made _________________．
of
at/by
terrifying
terror
terrifying
terrified
The terrifying stories terribly terrified
her mother terrified
3 expose v. 使暴露(于险境)(教材P93)
归纳拓展
情景助记
①Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.
不要让婴孩受到强烈的阳光照射。
②Yang Ming's neighbours say they were being driven mad by being exposed to such noise.
杨明的邻居们说处于这样的噪音中他们快要被逼疯了。
③Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.
已知接触铅会损害幼童的大脑。
(1)写出下列句中expose的含义
①The soldiers were warned to remain hidden and not to expose themselves.________
②The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.________
③He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of white teeth.________
④We want to expose the kids to as much art as possible.________
(2)单句语法填空
①Being exposed ________ the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
②Long ________ (expose) to noisy surroundings may result in some physical and mental problems.
暴露
揭露
露出
使接触
to
exposure
1 wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭(教材P90)
归纳拓展
①The disease almost wiped out the people of the island.
这种疾病几乎将岛上所有人毁灭。
②Our football team had a lead in the match, but the last minute goal of the guest team wiped it away.
我们的足球队本来在比赛中领先，但客队最后一分钟的进球使这一优势消失。
③You must have wiped off that programme I recorded.
你一定是把我录制的节目抹掉了。
(1)用wipe的相关短语填空
①I tried to ________ the whole episode ________ my mind.
②They think that taking exercise can ____________ their stress.
③Billions of pounds were ____________ share prices today.
(2)单句表达
据报道，在过去的50年中，大约80%的北京四合院被摧毁。
It's reported that in the past 50 years around 80 percent of Beijing's courtyard houses ____________________．
wipe
from
wipe away
wiped off
have been wiped out
2 consist of 由……构成，由……组成(教材P92)
归纳拓展
①Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.
生活中不仅有阳光，也有艰难困苦的时候。
②The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
这座城市的美就在于其宏伟的建筑。
③We must be consistent in applying the rules.
我们在实施这些规则时必须保持一致。
④The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。
名师点津
(1)consist of不用于被动语态和进行时。
(2)表示“由……组成/构成”的短语还有be made up of, be composed of等。
(1)用consist 的相关短语填空
①As everyone knows, water ______________ oxygen and hydrogen.
②True wealth doesn't ____________ what we are.
③His conclusions do not ____________ the facts.
(2)语段填空
生活主要是由幸福和悲伤组成，而幸福主要在于奋斗。请记住，你的理想生活并不总是与现实相一致的。
Life mainly ____________ happiness and sorrow while happiness ____________ struggle. Remember that your ideal life does not always ____________ the reality.
consists of
consist in
consist with
consists of
consists in
consist with
3 in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时(教材P92)
归纳拓展
①The train won't leave within an hour. In the meantime, we can have lunch.
火车在一个小时之内不会开走。在此期间，我们可以吃午餐。
②My daughter went to see her piano teacher this morning. Meantime/Meanwhile, I went shopping.
我女儿今天上午去见她的钢琴老师。在此期间，我去购物了。
(1)单句语法填空
①Please post this letter in the post office nearby, and ________ the meantime, I will get two tickets in the train station.
②I'm changing my email address but _____ the meantime you can use the old one.
答案：① ②
(2)单句表达
与此同时，夜变得越来越黑。
________________________， the night became darker and darker.
in
for
In the meantime/Meanwhile
1 ... what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life (教材P90)……如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？
剖析 what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films是What if ... 句型。
归纳拓展
①What (could I do) if he doesn't agree with me
要是他不同意我的看法(，我该)怎么办？
②If she spent five years in Paris, how come her French is so bad
既然她在巴黎待了五年，为什么她的法语这么糟糕？
(1)单句语法填空
①What ________ we moved the sofa over there Would that look better
②He replied with characteristic insouciance: “So ________？”
(2)句型转换
What can we do if we can't find the lost car
→____________ we can't find the lost car
if
what
What if
2 There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. (教材P91)毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。
剖析 “There is no doubt that ...”是常用句型结构，其中doubt为名词，that引导的是doubt的同位语从句。
归纳拓展
①There is no doubt that staying up is more likely to result in over anxiety.
毫无疑问，熬夜更有可能导致过度焦虑。
②There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job.
他是否是这个工作的最佳人选还有些疑问。
③I don't doubt that they can complete the task on time.
我确信他们能按时完成这项任务。
名师点睛
doubt既可以作名词，又可以作动词。在肯定句中常接whether/if引导的从句(同位语从句中只用whether)，在否定句和疑问句中常接that从句。
(1)单句语法填空
①I doubt __________ he will continue to work here.
②I don't doubt ________ he will win the competition.
(2)单句表达
毫无疑问，互联网使交流更容易，也有助于我们了解最新的信息。
________________________ the Internet makes communication easier and helps us keep up with the latest information.
whether/if
that
There is no doubt that
3 While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. (教材P91)虽然到达月球只需要几天的时间，但是到达火星却需要数月的时间，并且期间要经历危险的太阳辐射。
剖析 while引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although或though。
归纳拓展
①While the Internet is of great use to us, I don't think we should spend too much time on it.
尽管互联网对我们非常有用，但我认为我们不应该花费太多的时间在上面。
②I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.
我总是随身携带着便携式电视，坐在石墙上看，小狗则在我身边绕圈。
③I'm good at playing table tennis, while my brother is good at playing tennis.
我擅长打乒乓球，而我弟弟擅长打网球。
(1)写出下列句中while的含义
①Men tended to be violent while women acted in the opposite way.________
②While I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace disappeared.________
③She worked in a bank for a while before studying law.___________
④While those seeds are expensive, the companies tell farmers that they will make good profits.________
(2)单句表达
尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。
__________________________， I do not have much time available.
然而
当……时
一段时间
虽然
While I am willing to help
4 And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth—ever. (教材P91)而且，即使第一批开拓者安全抵达火星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。
剖析 even if意为“即使；尽管”，相当于even though，引导让步状语从句。
归纳拓展
①Native English speakers can understand each other even if/though they don't speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
②We have decided to visit the museum even if/though it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我们也决定去参观博物馆。
(1)单句语法填空
①They will stand by you even if/though you ________ (not) succeed.
②Hard __________ he studies, he makes little progress.
③________ these icons have different shapes, they are of similar size and color.
(2)单句表达
即使你皮肤黝黑，仍需要防晒。
______________________________， you still need protection from the sun.
don't
as/though
While
Even if/though you have dark skin
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子
1．People who have experienced flood often say that's a ________ (极其可怕的) experience.
2．Dressed in a spacesuit in the base, the young man looks more like an ________ (宇航员) I've been admiring.
3．It can be _______ (推断) from the passage that DustCart will not come into use very soon.
4．The guitarist conquered his audience with his ________ (极具吸引力的) solo performance.
5．Without more training or ________ (高级的) technical skills, they'll lose their jobs.
terrifying
astronaut
inferred
stunning
advanced
6．According to the Science and Technology A________， young Japanese are surrounded by high tech devices, but are not interested in how they work.
7．The workers wear masks to avoid inhaling the d________．
8．Is it 48 hours that it takes the man made satellite which is made in our country to o________ the planet around
9．There is a new t________ growing out of the fallen dead tree.
10．A Russian space c________ is currently orbiting the Earth.
gency
ust
rbit
runk
apsule
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．A rescue plan could be achieved by sending an __________ (unman) module to the space station.
2．She was ________ (terrify) at the thought of being alone.
3．Prolonged _________ (expose) to these pollutants may result in chronic disease.
4．If what you say is not ________ (consist) with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.
5．It is possible to “read” others around us, even ________ they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.
unmanned
terrified
exposure
consistent
if/though
6．From the passage we can infer ________ cloning has already been used to treat heart diseases.
7．The subject of the talk is announced a week ________ advance.
8．No matter ________ they slander us, we will never give in.
9．We must strike ________ the iron is hot.
10．I never doubt ________ special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.
that
in
how
while
that
in the meantime; even if; wipe out; consist of; what if
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Some advertisements ____________ pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are.
2．We are now enjoying the cool air in the room. _______________， the farmers are harvesting crops in the hot sun.
3．To ____________ the resistant force, they declared that they had put army including advanced tanks and fighter planes in place.
4．You see, we will face many more exams in the future ________ we leave school!
5．My heart is beating heavily. ___________ I failed the exam
consist of
In the meantime
wipe out
even if
What if
Ⅳ.单句表达
1．健康饮食应由全天然的食物构成。
A healthy diet should ________________ wholefood.
2．这种疾病有毁灭整个族群的危险。
The disease threatens to ________________ the entire population.
3．毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。
There __________________ that this candidate's advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
4．虽然我明白你说的话，可是我还是不能同意。(while引导让步状语从句)
________________________ what you say, I can't agree with you.
5．尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。(even if 引导让步状语从句)
He is willing to help us ____________________ very busy.
consist of
wipe out
is no doubt
While I understand
even if he is
课后课时作业
较易题(占比50%) 中档题(占比25%) 拔高题(占比25%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★★★
Ⅰ 阅读
Researchers from the University of Queensland (UQ) have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating language barriers among scientists. The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”， ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.
UQ's Dr Pablo Negret said the research team analysed more than 10，000 bird species, and found that 1，587 species have 10 languages or more spoken within their distributions. “Scientific information on species can be spread across different languages, but valuable information can go missing or get lost in translation，” Dr Negret said. “Without enough sharing of information, this can affect the effectiveness of conservation measures.”
Take the common bird Pochard for example. It is classified as vulnerable species (易危种) and crosses 108 countries in Europe, Asia and north Africa, where a total of 75 official languages are spoken. The survival of the common Pochard, and so many other species, depends on effective cooperation and policy agreements among people with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically, in relation to the language spoken in those regions. “We hope the app will encourage researchers and conservation organisations to interact with their peers in other regions, especially if they speak different languages, and be a starting point to allow everyone to work together to protect threatened species，” Dr Negret said.
Dr Tatsuya Amano, a researcher and the co author of the paper, said this work could extend further than bird species. “Any species, whether they're mammals, amphibians (两栖动物), or plants, with a range crossing multiple countries will be impacted by language barriers, as well as species that migrate across different countries, such as marine species and butterflies，” he said. “The significance of the impact of poor communication on such an important issue is evident, and is the reason why we're working hard to improve science communication across languages.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新型的应用程序，该程序被用来保护世界各地濒临灭绝的鸟类。
1．What does the underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Giving in to. B.Coming across.
C.Putting up with. D.Breaking down.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“The Bird Language Diversity ... to improve worldwide conservation.”和第二段中的“‘Scientific information on species ... or get lost in translation，’ Dr Negret said.”可知，这款应用程序通过打破科学家之间的语言障碍来保护世界各地濒临灭绝的鸟类。由此可推知，画线词意为“破坏，消除”。故选D。
2．What is the function of adequate sharing of information
A．Ensuring the effectiveness of protective measures.
B．Helping people know more about scientists' efforts.
C．Spreading knowledge of the diversity of birds worldwide.
D．Compromising the effectiveness of conservation measures.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Without enough sharing of information, this can affect the effectiveness of conservation measures.”可知，充分的信息共享可以确保保护措施的有效性。故选A。
3．What is shown on the app
A．The producer of the app.
B.The organizations involved.
C．The location of endangered birds.
D.The information of new geographers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This app reveals where threatened ... in those regions.”可知，该应用程序显示了濒危鸟类和候鸟地理上的位置。故选C。
4．What can be the best title for the text
A．Birds Protection Is an Urgency
B.A New Bird App Spreads Its Wings
C．A New Bird App Helps Learn Languages
D.Poor Communication Impacts Cooperation
解析：标题判断题。根据第一段“Researchers from the University of Queensland (UQ) ... to improve worldwide conservation.”可知，本文主要介绍了一款新型的应用程序，该程序被用来保护世界各地濒临灭绝的鸟类。故选B。
Ⅱ 完形填空
Back in 2007, Uruguay had a serious problem with no obvious answer: The economy was growing very fast, but there wasn't enough energy to power the rapid __1__．
Then Ramón Méndez Galain, a physicist, started __2__ different potential paths for Uruguay's energy future. Finally, he wrote a plan that Uruguay could almost entirely __3__ renewable energy. There would be less __4__ and it would be the most economical choice Uruguay could make in the long run.
Méndez Galain's plan was built around two simple __5__ about his country. First, while there wasn't a domestic (国内的) supply of coal or oil, there was a great deal of __6__. Second, that wind blew over a country that was known for __7__ grassland. His plan for Uruguay's energy future was to __8__ the empty grassland into hundreds of wind farms.
To solve the problem of how to pay for all those wind farms, Méndez Galain came up with a variation on a(n) __9__ used by some electric plants in neighboring Brazil, in which state owned power plants handled energy generation, while __10__ companies were in charge of power distribution and customer service. Méndez Galain's plan changed the relationship to the __11__， so that private companies would be in charge of setting up and __12__ the wind farms, while the state owned power companies would distribute that energy to its customers.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。物理学家Ramón Méndez Galain (雷蒙·门德斯·加拉兰)制订了一个计划，帮助乌拉圭实现了98%的电力来自可再生能源。
The strategy worked __13__ well. Just within a few years, Méndez Galain had __14__ what he had set out to do: 98% of Uruguay's __15__ comes from renewable sources.
1．A.decline B．growth
C．consumption D．program
解析： decline 下降；growth 增长；consumption 消耗；program 程序。根据前文“The economy was growing very fast, but there wasn't enough energy”可知，乌拉圭的经济增长非常快，但没有足够的能源来推动这种快速增长，设空处应与“growing very fast”相照应。故选B。
2．A.building B．blocking
C．repairing D．seeking
解析： build 建立；block 阻断；repair 修复；seek 寻找。根据前文可知，乌拉圭没有足够的能源推动经济的快速增长，根据后文“different potential paths for Uruguay's energy future”可知，物理学家Ramón Méndez Galain开始为乌拉圭的能源的未来寻找不同的潜在途径。故选D。
3．A.rely on B．find out
C．refer to D．give up
解析： rely on 依赖；find out 找出；refer to 提到；give up 放弃。根据后文“renewable energy”以及“There would be less ... in the long run.”可知，Ramón Méndez Galain认为乌拉圭几乎可以完全依靠可再生能源。故选A。
4．A.risk B．power
C．pollution D．benefit
5．A.facts B．theories
C．answers D．principles
解析： risk 风险；power 能力；pollution 污染；benefit 益处。根据前文“Uruguay could almost entirely __3__ renewable energy”可知，利用可再生能源可以减少污染。故选C。
解析： fact 事实；theory 理论；answer 答案；principle 原则。根据后文“First, while there wasn't a domestic (国内的) supply ... was known for __7__ grassland.”可知，Méndez Galain的计划建立在关于他的国家的两个简单事实之上。故选A。
6．A.water B．light
C．wind D．ice
7．A.tended B．undeveloped
C．protected D．limited
解析： water 水；light 光；wind 风；ice 冰。根据后文“His plan for Uruguay's ... hundreds of wind farms.”可知，那里可以建造风力发电厂，所以有大量的风能。故选C。
解析： tend 倾向于；照顾；undeveloped 未开发的；protected 受保护的；limited 有限的。根据后文“the empty grassland”可知，此处是指一片未开发的草原。故选B。
8．A.break B．put
C．send D．turn
9．A.tool B．software
C．image D．approach
解析： break 打破；put 放；send 寄；turn 使变成。根据后文“the empty grassland into hundreds of wind farms”可知，Méndez Galain的计划是将未开发的草原变成数百个风力发电场。故选D。
解析：根据前文“To solve the problem of how to pay for all those wind farms”和设空前“came up with”以及后文“used by some electric plants in neighboring Brazil”可知，Méndez Galain提出了一种解决问题的方法。故选D。
10．A.responsible B．weak
C．private D．profitable
11．A.public B．opposite
C．rich D．powerful
解析： responsible 负责任的；weak 虚弱的；private 私营的；profitable 赢利的。根据前文“state－owned power plants handled energy generation”可知，国有发电厂负责发电，而私营公司负责配电和客户服务。故选C。
解析:根据前文“state－owned power plants ... and customer service”和后文“private companies would be ... to its customers”可知，两种方法是相反的。故选B。
12．A.managing B．selling
C．abandoning D．starting
解析： manage 管理；sell 卖；abandon 抛弃；start 开始。根据前文“private companies would be in charge of setting up”和后文“the state owned power companies would distribute that energy to its customers”可知，私营公司将负责建立和管理风力发电场。故选A。
13．A.hardly B．relatively
C．unexpectedly D．rarely
14．A.forgotten B．achieved
C．apologized D．approved
解析：hardly 几乎不；relatively 相对地；unexpectedly 出乎意料地；rarely 很少地。根据后文“Just within a few years ... comes from renewable sources.”可知，Méndez Galain的这个方法非常成功，超出了预期。故选C。
解析：根据后文“what he had set out to do ... comes from renewable sources”可知，在短短几年内，Méndez Galain就实现了他的目标。故选B。
15．A.income B．food
C．supply D．electricity
解析： income 收入；food 食物；supply 供应；electricity 电。根据前文“His plan for Uruguay's ... hundreds of wind farms.”可知，乌拉圭98%的电力来自可再生能源。故选D。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Overfishing and climate change are pushing some of the __1__ (world) most iconic seabirds to the brink (边缘) of extinction, according to a new report.
The study reveals that kittiwakes (海鸥) and gannets (塘鹅) __2__ (be) among a number of seabirds that have now joined the red list of under threat birds __3__ (draw) up by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)．
According to the study, birds are well studied and great indicators of the health of the wider environment. A species __4__ higher risk of dying out is such a worrying alarm call __5__ action needs to be taken now.
The study finds that overfishing and changes in the Pacific and north Atlantic caused by climate change __6__ (affect) the availability of sand eels (鳗鱼) in recent years. This has caused “disastrous chick survival rates”， it says. __7__ (global), the species is thought to have declined by about 40% since the 1970s, __8__ (justify) its move from the “least concern” category to “vulnerable” on the Red List.
“The alarming decline of the seabirds provides a painful lesson in what happens __9__ nations take __10__ ‘out of sight, out of mind’ approach to conservation，” said Marguerite Tarzia, European marine conservation officer for Bird Life International.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。过度捕捞鱼类和气候变化让海鸟的生存变得艰难，人们应该努力去保护它们。
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
1．答案：world's
2．答案：are
3．答案：drawn
解析：考查名词。应用名词所有格修饰名词seabirds。故填world's。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据reveals可知，应用一般现在时，且主语kittiwakes (海鸥) and gannets (塘鹅) 为复数。故填are。
解析：考查非谓语动词。draw与the red list之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填drawn。
4．答案：at
5．答案：that
6．答案：have affected
解析:考查介词。at risk of doing ...“处于……危险中”，为固定搭配。故填at。
解析：考查连词。句意：一种处于更高灭绝风险的物种，是如此一个令人担忧的警报以至于需要现在就采取行动。such ... that ... 表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。affect作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，根据时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时，主语overfishing and changes是复数。故填have affected。
7．答案：Globally
8．答案：justifying
解析：考查词性转换。应用副词修饰整个句子作状语，位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Globally。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填justifying。
9．答案：when
10．答案：an
解析：考查状语从句的连接词。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，应用when引导。故填when。
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一种眼不见心不烦的保护方法”，应用不定冠词，且out的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
Ⅳ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a hot September afternoon, Peter and his friend Isabel were on their way to the library. When they passed by Tubman park, Isabel suggested cutting through it to get to the library. As they entered the park, the sight of the swings (秋千) and the merry go round brought back a flood of memories of their childhood spent there. But now everything looked so old, sad, and dirty. Litter lay on the ground next to an overflowing trash bin. There were still young schoolchildren playing there but they had to avoid the trash that littered the playground. A little boy told them that the city took the other trash cans away and the remaining one never got emptied often.
As they headed toward the library, the two high school students wrinkled their forehead. In the library, they encountered Mrs Evans, their kind hearted fifth grade teacher, retired yet still passionate. Mrs Evans listened as Isabel and Peter eagerly explained what they'd seen. Finally, she recommended them to go to the City Hall to voice their concerns.
The next day, Isabel and Peter went into the building of the City Hall but were met with an impatient officer. They were informed that the city couldn't help with their problem due to a tight budget. Discouraged, they left and turned to Mrs Evans for help.
Under her guidance, they decided to ask Go Green, a non profit organization whose goal is to protect the environment, for help. “This group is good at raising money for projects just like yours，” said Mrs Evans. She promised to arrange them to present their ideas to Go Green. Hearing this, their face lit up.
Two main tasks remained ahead: researching ways to clean up the park and preparing a convincing presentation. As Isabel was good at researching while Peter always had a talent for speaking, they cooperated quite well. Isabel learned from a science magazine that a new type of trash bin can squeeze the trash down without being emptied often, which saves time, money, and energy. Based on this, Peter practiced his presentation over and over again.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
A week later, Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
After the meeting, Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Peter (彼得)和Isabel (伊莎贝尔)发现儿时玩耍的公园破败不堪，于是在他们老师Evans (伊文思)女士的指导下，向以保护环境为目标的非营利性组织Go Green寻求帮助。一周后，Peter在Go Green陈述会上说了什么？Peter又得到了什么好消息呢？
[精彩范文]
A week later, Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting. Finally, it was time for him to do the presentation. Standing in front of several experts from Go Green, Peter was nervous in fear of screwing things up. But unbelievably, when he began to speak, everything went so smoothly. His voice was clear and influential, and his speech was logical and well organized. Peter ended his presentation with a deep bow and went out to wait for Go Green's decision.
After the meeting, Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news. Their ideas were approved and Go Green agreed to provide the money they needed to purchase the trash bin. Peter smiled. It meant not only their efforts paid off, but also Tubman park would restore its cleanness and tidiness. Peter and Isabel decided to tell Mrs Evans this good news first and then worked out the next step they needed to take.
