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新人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 5知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.bounce vi.&vt. (使)弹起;上下晃动 n. 弹性;弹跳;活力 2.accuse vt. 控告;控诉;谴责 3.spy n. 密探;间谍 vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见;发现 4.debt n. 债务;欠款 5.fry n. 油煎的食物 vt.&vi. 油炸;油炒;油煎 6.sew vi.&vt. 缝制;缝;做针线活→sewed/sewn/sewed/sewing (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 7.cage n. 笼子 vt. 关在笼子里 8.profile n. 简介;概述;侧面轮廓 vt. 扼要介绍;概述;写简介 14.estate n. 庄园;住宅区;工业区 9.fox n. 狐狸;狡猾的人 10.desert n. 沙漠;荒漠 11.handwriting n. 书法;书写;笔迹 12.certificate n. 合格证书;证明 13.detective n. 侦探;警探 15.wrist n. 手腕;腕关节 16.geometry n. 几何学;几何图形 17.code n. 代码;密码 vt. 编码;把……译成密码 18.graphic n. 图表;图形;图画 adj. 绘画的;图案的 19.purse n. 钱包;皮夹子(尤指女用) 20.canal n. 运河;灌溉渠 21.supervise vt.&vi. 主管;指导;监督
词 汇 拓 展 1.employer n. 雇主;老板→employ v. 雇用;应用→employee n. 受雇者;雇工;雇员→employment n. 工作;职业;就业;雇用→employed adj. 有工作的,受雇的→(反)unemployed adj. 失业的;待业的;下岗的→unemployment n. 失业;失业人数 2.acquire vt. 获得;购得→acquired adj. 后天习得的→acquisition n. 获得;学识 3.greedy adj. 贪婪的;贪心的→greedily adv. 贪心地;贪婪地;贪吃地→greed n. 贪婪;贪心;贪欲;贪食 4.dedicate vt. 把……奉献给→dedication n. 献身;奉献→dedicated adj. 献身的;专心致志的 5.participant n. 参与者;参加者→participate v. 参加;参与→participation n. 参加;参与 6.accountant n. 会计;会计师→account n. 账户;账目;描述;叙述;理由 v. 认为是;视为 7.wool n. 毛;毛线;毛料→woolen adj. 毛纺的;羊毛的 8.priority n. 优先事项;首要的事;优先→prior adj. 先前的;较早的;在前的;优先的 9.finance n. 资金;财政;金融 vt. 提供资金→financial adj. 财政的;财务的;金融的 10.justice n. 公平;公正;合理→just adj. 公正的;正义的;正当的;合理的 adv. 正好;恰好 11.receptionist n. 接待员→reception n. 欢迎会;招待会→receive v. 拿到;接到;收到→receipt n. 收据;接收 12.categorise vt. 把……分类(加以归类)→category n. (人或事物的)类别,种类 13.parking n. 停车位;停车→park v. 停(车);泊(车) 14.lawyer n. 律师→law n. 法律;法令;法规 15.socialist adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者→socialism n. 社会主义→social adj. 社会的→society n. 社会 munist adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者→communism n. 共产主义;共产主义制度
重 点 短 语 1．bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去 2．head start 起步前的优势 3．a chest of drawers 抽屉柜 4．come to a conclusion 得出结论 5．attend to 关怀；照料；处理
重 点 句 型 1．This is because your career is a very important part of who you are. 这是因为你的职业是你的身份的一个非常重要的部分。 2．Some people know what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads. 有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。 3．Having this information will provide you with a better chance of finding a job you like. 有这方面的信息，你就有更好的机会找到你喜欢的工作。 4．You don’t want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.” 你也不希望多年之后回顾过去时才说：“我真希望当年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么。” 5．I have been captain of my school table tennis team for two years，so I know how to lead and decide on priorities. 我已经当了两年的校乒乓球队队长，因此我知道如何领导和决定优先做的事情。
You will be asked about your career when 1._________(meet) with a new person because the job you have 2._______(define) who you are.However，it’s hard for young people 3.________(think) about their possible careers.So，one of the most effective ways is 4._______(complete) a “career aptitude test”．The results will tell you about your 5. ________(strength) and interests，and provide you with a better chance 6._____finding a job you like.There are many different kinds of tests but it is important to be honest while completing 7.______—there are no right or wrong answers.One test asks the 8._______(participate) to grade their preferences and then their top three scores are used to make a code 9._____indicates their work personality and generates a list of career suggestions.To conclude，career aptitude tests are 10._______(clear) a very useful tool.However，the secret to a good career lies in your own passionate things.
知识点
debt n．债务；欠款
in debt负债 out of debt不欠债 pay off one’s debt还清某人的欠款或债务
(1)The real estate agent was dedicated to working day and night so that he could pay off his debt as soon as possible.
(2)一个人如果负债累累，就无法谋生，更不用说获得独立了。
If a person is heavily in debt，he is unable to earn his living，let alone gain independence.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）
The young man worked two jobs to ________ his debt caused by his father’s illness.
pay off B. put off C. take off D. set off
（2025·浙江卷·语法填空）
Being heavily (debt) for years, the old couple had to sell their house to make ends meet.
accuse vt.控告；控诉；谴责
accuse sb.of (doing) sth./charge sb.with (doing) sth.控告/指责某人(做)某事
这位青少年被控告偷了这位女士的金戒指，他站在那里，低着头。
(1)The teenager was accused of stealing the woman’s gold ring and he stood there with his head down.(accuse)
(2)The teenager was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring and he stood there with his head down.(charge)
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·选择题）
The witness insisted that he saw the man ________ the old lady of her purse in the street.
accuse B. charge C. rob D. suspect
（2024·北京卷·语法填空）
The actor was (accuse) violating the traffic rules, so he made a public apology.
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·翻译）
那个被指控作弊的学生最终通过监控证明了自己的清白。
greedy adj.贪婪的；贪心的；贪吃的
be greedy for sth.对……贪婪/渴望 be greedy to do sth.渴望做某事
(1)The lawyer was greedy for knowledge and his English was at an intermediate level.
(2)我渴望报名参加这门课程，以便我能够学到更多有关急救的知识。
I am greedy to sign up for the course so that I can learn more about first aid.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·天津卷·完形填空）
Unlike those greedy for fame and wealth, the old doctor devotes all his life to helping the poor.
greedy B. anxious C. thirsty D. eager
（2025·江苏卷·语法填空）
Greedy (achieve) her goal of entering a key university, she studies until midnight every day.
attend to关怀；照料；处理；注意，专心于(attendance n．出席；参加；到场)
attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 attend school/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜
(1)Nowadays we need changes in the law governing school attendance(attend)．
(2)非常抱歉，今天早晨我没有按时上学。
I am terribly sorry that I didn’t attend school on time this morning.
(3)我写信给你提供一些关于如何处理你和同学之间冲突的建议。(应用文写作之建议信)
I am writing to offer you some suggestions on how to attend to the conflicts between you and your classmates.
用法点拨 “照看/照顾某人”的多种表达：attend (to) sb./care for sb./take care of sb./look after sb.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The teacher reminded us to (attend) the details when doing the experiment.
（2024·浙江卷·选择题）
With an elderly mother to ________, she had to give up the chance to study abroad.
attend to B. look up C. take over D. care about
（2025·山东卷·翻译）
这位志愿者在灾区忙于照料受伤群众，连吃饭的时间都没有。
You don’t want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”你不会想在以后的岁月里回望过去时说：“要是当时我能对我想做的事情多考虑考虑就好了。”
wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could/should＋动词原形”。
(1)我的头脑里有几个方案在蹦来蹦去，我的确希望现在可以决定一个。
With several scenarios bouncing around in my head，I do wish that I decided on one now.
(2)我的确希望我没和丈夫吵架。
I do wish that I hadn’t quarrelled with my husband.
(3)我希望我的儿子明天真诚地向他的老师道歉。
I wish that my son would sincerely apologize to his teacher tomorrow.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
I wish I (invite) to attend the lecture yesterday. It was really valuable.
（2024·全国甲卷·选择题）
—You look upset. What’s wrong —I wish I ________ my parents’ advice before quitting the job. A. took B. had taken C. take D. would take
（2025·北京卷·翻译）
我多么希望我的弟弟能明白，努力学习是实现梦想的唯一途径。
语法点
Grammar 长句
无论是多么复杂的长句，它都是由一些基本的成分组成。所以首先要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系。
一般来说，造成长句的原因有三方面： (1)修饰语多；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言结构层次多。
在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法：
(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3)分析从句和短语的功能。例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等；若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等。
(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。
(5)注意插入语等其他成分。
(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析：
[例1] Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
分析：(1)该句的主语为behaviorists，谓语为suggest，宾语为一个从句，因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that clause结构。
(2)该句共有五个谓语结构，它们的谓语动词分别为suggest，is raised，are，develop，experience。这五个谓语结构之间的关系为：Behaviorist suggest that clause结构为主句；who is raised in an environment为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为child；where there are many stimuli为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为environment；which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为stimuli；在suggest的宾语从句中，主语为child，谓语为experience，宾语为greater intellectual development。在作了如上的分析之后，我们就会对该句有了一个较为透彻的理解。
[例2] For a family of four，for example，it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home，with almost unlimited entertainment available，than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.
譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣更便宜更方便。
分析：(1)该句的主干结构为it is more... to do sth.than to do sth.else.是一个比较结构，而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。
(2)该句中共有三个谓语结构，它们之间的关系为：it is more convenient as well as cheaper to...为主体结构，但it是形式主语，真正的主语为第二个谓语结构to sit comfortably at home，并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。
(3)句首的for a family of four作状语，表示条件。另外，还有两个介词短语作插入语：for example，with almost unlimited entertainment available，其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语，修饰to sit comfortably at home。
分析下列长句，并试着翻译
1．People feared that weakening a 21 year old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.
【分析】 that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21 year old ban on the sale of ivory。
【句意】 二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。
2．Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health，a 15 year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid 1990s.
【分析】 句子主干为Economists analysed findings，from the University of Sussex作economists的定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health作findings的定语；a 15 year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语；charting...作project 的定语；who引导定语从句，先行词为teenagers。
【句意】 来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名20世纪90年代中期在美国上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。
3．Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on yourself growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.
【分析】 此句为复合句，句中whether引导主语从句，as引导原因状语从句，how well引导从句作介词of的宾语。
【句意】 你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展起着重要的作用，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。
4．Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products，to some degree，their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising.
【分析】 本句是一个“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句型。“make＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾补”，即“使……成为……”，只不过宾语和宾补被“to some degree”隔开而已。
【句意】 一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。
5．The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.
【分析】 本句的主干为The fact does not mean that...，其中that they do not experience emotions从句作mean的宾语。that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another为fact的同位语，其中as do members of another是状语从句，助动词do位于主语members of another 前形成倒装。
【句意】 一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇）
原句：The researchers found that participants who were shown the “future self” images reported a greater willingness to save money than those who were shown images of their current selves or generic images.
拆解步骤：
1. 主干：The researchers found that-clause（研究人员发现……）；
2. 宾语从句：participants（who定语从句1）reported a greater willingness...than those（who定语从句2）；
3. 定语从句1：who were shown the “future self” images（修饰participants，“被展示‘未来自我’图片的参与者”）；
4. 定语从句2：who were shown images of their current selves...（修饰those，“被展示当前自我或普通图片的参与者”）；
5. 非谓语短语：to save money（作willingness的定语，“储蓄的意愿”）。
译文：
2.（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇）
原句：Designed to test the theory that humans and Neanderthals interbred around 50,000 years ago, a study published in the journal Nature analyzed DNA from the bones of 43 individuals who lived in Europe and Asia.
拆解步骤：
1. 主干：a study（published定语）analyzed DNA（研究分析了DNA）；
2. 非谓语短语：Designed to test the theory...（作目的状语，逻辑主语为study，“旨在验证……理论的研究”）；
3. 同位语从句：that humans and Neanderthals interbred...（解释theory内容，“人类与尼安德特人约5万年前杂交”）；
4. 定语1：published in the journal Nature（修饰study，“发表于《自然》期刊的”）；
5. 定语2：from the bones of 43 individuals（修饰DNA，“来自43个个体骨骼的”）；
6. 定语从句：who lived in Europe and Asia（修饰individuals，“生活在欧亚的”）。
译文：
3.（2025·浙江卷·语法填空）
原句：The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.
拆解步骤：
1. 主干：The fact does not mean that-clause（该事实并不意味着……）；
2. 同位语从句：that members of one culture...as do members of another（解释fact内容，“一种文化的人不如另一种文化的人坦率表达情感”）；
3. 倒装结构：as do members of another（=as members of another do，“另一种文化的人（坦率表达）”，倒装表强调）；
4. 宾语从句：that they do not experience emotions（作mean的宾语，“他们没有情感体验”）。
译文：
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 5知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.bounce vi.&vt. (使)弹起;上下晃动 n. 弹性;弹跳;活力 2.accuse vt. 控告;控诉;谴责 3.spy n. 密探;间谍 vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见;发现 4.debt n. 债务;欠款 5.fry n. 油煎的食物 vt.&vi. 油炸;油炒;油煎 6.sew vi.&vt. 缝制;缝;做针线活→sewed/sewn/sewed/sewing (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 7.cage n. 笼子 vt. 关在笼子里 8.profile n. 简介;概述;侧面轮廓 vt. 扼要介绍;概述;写简介 14.estate n. 庄园;住宅区;工业区 9.fox n. 狐狸;狡猾的人 10.desert n. 沙漠;荒漠 11.handwriting n. 书法;书写;笔迹 12.certificate n. 合格证书;证明 13.detective n. 侦探;警探 15.wrist n. 手腕;腕关节 16.geometry n. 几何学;几何图形 17.code n. 代码;密码 vt. 编码;把……译成密码 18.graphic n. 图表;图形;图画 adj. 绘画的;图案的 19.purse n. 钱包;皮夹子(尤指女用) 20.canal n. 运河;灌溉渠 21.supervise vt.&vi. 主管;指导;监督
词 汇 拓 展 1.employer n. 雇主;老板→employ v. 雇用;应用→employee n. 受雇者;雇工;雇员→employment n. 工作;职业;就业;雇用→employed adj. 有工作的,受雇的→(反)unemployed adj. 失业的;待业的;下岗的→unemployment n. 失业;失业人数 2.acquire vt. 获得;购得→acquired adj. 后天习得的→acquisition n. 获得;学识 3.greedy adj. 贪婪的;贪心的→greedily adv. 贪心地;贪婪地;贪吃地→greed n. 贪婪;贪心;贪欲;贪食 4.dedicate vt. 把……奉献给→dedication n. 献身;奉献→dedicated adj. 献身的;专心致志的 5.participant n. 参与者;参加者→participate v. 参加;参与→participation n. 参加;参与 6.accountant n. 会计;会计师→account n. 账户;账目;描述;叙述;理由 v. 认为是;视为 7.wool n. 毛;毛线;毛料→woolen adj. 毛纺的;羊毛的 8.priority n. 优先事项;首要的事;优先→prior adj. 先前的;较早的;在前的;优先的 9.finance n. 资金;财政;金融 vt. 提供资金→financial adj. 财政的;财务的;金融的 10.justice n. 公平;公正;合理→just adj. 公正的;正义的;正当的;合理的 adv. 正好;恰好 11.receptionist n. 接待员→reception n. 欢迎会;招待会→receive v. 拿到;接到;收到→receipt n. 收据;接收 12.categorise vt. 把……分类(加以归类)→category n. (人或事物的)类别,种类 13.parking n. 停车位;停车→park v. 停(车);泊(车) 14.lawyer n. 律师→law n. 法律;法令;法规 15.socialist adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者→socialism n. 社会主义→social adj. 社会的→society n. 社会 munist adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者→communism n. 共产主义;共产主义制度
重 点 短 语 1．bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去 2．head start 起步前的优势 3．a chest of drawers 抽屉柜 4．come to a conclusion 得出结论 5．attend to 关怀；照料；处理
重 点 句 型 1．This is because your career is a very important part of who you are. 这是因为你的职业是你的身份的一个非常重要的部分。 2．Some people know what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads. 有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。 3．Having this information will provide you with a better chance of finding a job you like. 有这方面的信息，你就有更好的机会找到你喜欢的工作。 4．You don’t want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.” 你也不希望多年之后回顾过去时才说：“我真希望当年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么。” 5．I have been captain of my school table tennis team for two years，so I know how to lead and decide on priorities. 我已经当了两年的校乒乓球队队长，因此我知道如何领导和决定优先做的事情。
You will be asked about your career when 1._________(meet) with a new person because the job you have 2._______(define) who you are.However，it’s hard for young people 3.________(think) about their possible careers.So，one of the most effective ways is 4._______(complete) a “career aptitude test”．The results will tell you about your 5. ________(strength) and interests，and provide you with a better chance 6._____finding a job you like.There are many different kinds of tests but it is important to be honest while completing 7.______—there are no right or wrong answers.One test asks the 8._______(participate) to grade their preferences and then their top three scores are used to make a code 9._____indicates their work personality and generates a list of career suggestions.To conclude，career aptitude tests are 10._______(clear) a very useful tool.However，the secret to a good career lies in your own passionate things.
1.meeting 2.defines 3.to think4. to complete 5. strengths 6. of 7. them 8.participants 9.that/which 10. clearly
知识点
debt n．债务；欠款
in debt负债 out of debt不欠债 pay off one’s debt还清某人的欠款或债务
(1)The real estate agent was dedicated to working day and night so that he could pay off his debt as soon as possible.
(2)一个人如果负债累累，就无法谋生，更不用说获得独立了。
If a person is heavily in debt，he is unable to earn his living，let alone gain independence.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）
The young man worked two jobs to ________ his debt caused by his father’s illness.
pay off B. put off C. take off D. set off
答案：A
解析：考点为动词短语辨析，“还清父亲治病欠下的债务”贴合语境；B“推迟”、C“起飞”、D“出发”均不符，pay off强调“清偿债务”的结果。
（2025·浙江卷·语法填空）
Being heavily (debt) for years, the old couple had to sell their house to make ends meet.
答案：in debt
解析：考点为固定短语，“多年负债累累”用be heavily in debt，此处being短语作原因状语，贴合“生活困境”主题。
accuse vt.控告；控诉；谴责
accuse sb.of (doing) sth./charge sb.with (doing) sth.控告/指责某人(做)某事
这位青少年被控告偷了这位女士的金戒指，他站在那里，低着头。
(1)The teenager was accused of stealing the woman’s gold ring and he stood there with his head down.(accuse)
(2)The teenager was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring and he stood there with his head down.(charge)
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·选择题）
The witness insisted that he saw the man ________ the old lady of her purse in the street.
accuse B. charge C. rob D. suspect
答案：C
解析：考点为动词搭配辨析，干扰项为A、B。accuse/charge均表“控告”，而“抢劫某人某物”固定用rob sb. of sth.，符合“街头抢劫”语境；D“怀疑”语义不符。
（2024·北京卷·语法填空）
The actor was (accuse) violating the traffic rules, so he made a public apology.
答案：accused of
解析：考点为被动语态与固定搭配，“被控告违反交通规则”用be accused of，此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，贴合“公众人物自律”主题。
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·翻译）
那个被指控作弊的学生最终通过监控证明了自己的清白。
答案：The student who was accused of cheating finally proved his innocence through the surveillance camera.
解析：考点为accuse的定语从句应用，“被指控作弊”用被动语态，贴合“校园诚信”场景，符合高考翻译“复杂句式”要求。
greedy adj.贪婪的；贪心的；贪吃的
be greedy for sth.对……贪婪/渴望 be greedy to do sth.渴望做某事
(1)The lawyer was greedy for knowledge and his English was at an intermediate level.
(2)我渴望报名参加这门课程，以便我能够学到更多有关急救的知识。
I am greedy to sign up for the course so that I can learn more about first aid.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·天津卷·完形填空）
Unlike those greedy for fame and wealth, the old doctor devotes all his life to helping the poor.
greedy B. anxious C. thirsty D. eager
答案：A
解析：考点为形容词词义辨析，“贪婪名利”用greedy for（贬义）；B“焦虑的”、C“口渴的”、D“渴望的”（褒义）均不符，此处通过对比突出医生的高尚。
（2025·江苏卷·语法填空）
Greedy (achieve) her goal of entering a key university, she studies until midnight every day.
答案：to achieve
解析：考点为be greedy to do的省略结构，“渴望考上重点大学”用greedy to achieve，此处形容词短语作原因状语，贴合“高考备考”场景。
attend to关怀；照料；处理；注意，专心于(attendance n．出席；参加；到场)
attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 attend school/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜
(1)Nowadays we need changes in the law governing school attendance(attend)．
(2)非常抱歉，今天早晨我没有按时上学。
I am terribly sorry that I didn’t attend school on time this morning.
(3)我写信给你提供一些关于如何处理你和同学之间冲突的建议。(应用文写作之建议信)
I am writing to offer you some suggestions on how to attend to the conflicts between you and your classmates.
用法点拨 “照看/照顾某人”的多种表达：attend (to) sb./care for sb./take care of sb./look after sb.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The teacher reminded us to (attend) the details when doing the experiment.
答案：attend to
解析：考点为固定短语，“注意细节”用attend to，此处不定式作宾语补足语，贴合“实验操作”场景。
（2024·浙江卷·选择题）
With an elderly mother to ________, she had to give up the chance to study abroad.
attend to B. look up C. take over D. care about
答案：A
解析：考点为动词短语辨析，“照料年迈母亲”用attend to，强调“具体的照顾行动”；B“查阅”、C“接管”、D“关心”（情感层面）均不符。
（2025·山东卷·翻译）
这位志愿者在灾区忙于照料受伤群众，连吃饭的时间都没有。
答案：The volunteer was busy attending to the injured in the disaster area and even had no time to eat.
解析：考点为attend to的场景应用，“照料受伤群众”用attend to，贴合“公益救援”主题，符合高考翻译“动态描述”要求。
You don’t want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”你不会想在以后的岁月里回望过去时说：“要是当时我能对我想做的事情多考虑考虑就好了。”
wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could/should＋动词原形”。
(1)我的头脑里有几个方案在蹦来蹦去，我的确希望现在可以决定一个。
With several scenarios bouncing around in my head，I do wish that I decided on one now.
(2)我的确希望我没和丈夫吵架。
I do wish that I hadn’t quarrelled with my husband.
(3)我希望我的儿子明天真诚地向他的老师道歉。
I wish that my son would sincerely apologize to his teacher tomorrow.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
I wish I (invite) to attend the lecture yesterday. It was really valuable.
答案：had been invited
解析：考点为与过去事实相反的虚拟，“昨天没被邀请”用had been invited，被动语态贴合“遗憾错过讲座”场景。
（2024·全国甲卷·选择题）
—You look upset. What’s wrong —I wish I ________ my parents’ advice before quitting the job. A. took B. had taken C. take D. would take
答案：B
解析：考点为虚拟语气时态，“辞职前没听父母建议”是过去事实，用had taken，贴合“职场后悔”场景。
（2025·北京卷·翻译）
我多么希望我的弟弟能明白，努力学习是实现梦想的唯一途径。
答案：How I wish my younger brother would understand that studying hard is the only way to realize his dream.
解析：考点为与将来事实相反的虚拟，“希望弟弟能明白”用would understand，体现“期望与现实的差距”，贴合“亲情与成长”主题。
语法点
Grammar 长句
无论是多么复杂的长句，它都是由一些基本的成分组成。所以首先要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系。
一般来说，造成长句的原因有三方面： (1)修饰语多；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言结构层次多。
在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法：
(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3)分析从句和短语的功能。例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等；若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等。
(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。
(5)注意插入语等其他成分。
(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析：
[例1] Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
分析：(1)该句的主语为behaviorists，谓语为suggest，宾语为一个从句，因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that clause结构。
(2)该句共有五个谓语结构，它们的谓语动词分别为suggest，is raised，are，develop，experience。这五个谓语结构之间的关系为：Behaviorist suggest that clause结构为主句；who is raised in an environment为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为child；where there are many stimuli为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为environment；which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为stimuli；在suggest的宾语从句中，主语为child，谓语为experience，宾语为greater intellectual development。在作了如上的分析之后，我们就会对该句有了一个较为透彻的理解。
[例2] For a family of four，for example，it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home，with almost unlimited entertainment available，than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.
譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣更便宜更方便。
分析：(1)该句的主干结构为it is more... to do sth.than to do sth.else.是一个比较结构，而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。
(2)该句中共有三个谓语结构，它们之间的关系为：it is more convenient as well as cheaper to...为主体结构，但it是形式主语，真正的主语为第二个谓语结构to sit comfortably at home，并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。
(3)句首的for a family of four作状语，表示条件。另外，还有两个介词短语作插入语：for example，with almost unlimited entertainment available，其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语，修饰to sit comfortably at home。
分析下列长句，并试着翻译
1．People feared that weakening a 21 year old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.
【分析】 that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21 year old ban on the sale of ivory。
【句意】 二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。
2．Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health，a 15 year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid 1990s.
【分析】 句子主干为Economists analysed findings，from the University of Sussex作economists的定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health作findings的定语；a 15 year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语；charting...作project 的定语；who引导定语从句，先行词为teenagers。
【句意】 来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名20世纪90年代中期在美国上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。
3．Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on yourself growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.
【分析】 此句为复合句，句中whether引导主语从句，as引导原因状语从句，how well引导从句作介词of的宾语。
【句意】 你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展起着重要的作用，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。
4．Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products，to some degree，their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising.
【分析】 本句是一个“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句型。“make＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾补”，即“使……成为……”，只不过宾语和宾补被“to some degree”隔开而已。
【句意】 一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。
5．The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.
【分析】 本句的主干为The fact does not mean that...，其中that they do not experience emotions从句作mean的宾语。that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another为fact的同位语，其中as do members of another是状语从句，助动词do位于主语members of another 前形成倒装。
【句意】 一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇）
原句：The researchers found that participants who were shown the “future self” images reported a greater willingness to save money than those who were shown images of their current selves or generic images.
拆解步骤：
1. 主干：The researchers found that-clause（研究人员发现……）；
2. 宾语从句：participants（who定语从句1）reported a greater willingness...than those（who定语从句2）；
3. 定语从句1：who were shown the “future self” images（修饰participants，“被展示‘未来自我’图片的参与者”）；
4. 定语从句2：who were shown images of their current selves...（修饰those，“被展示当前自我或普通图片的参与者”）；
5. 非谓语短语：to save money（作willingness的定语，“储蓄的意愿”）。
译文：研究人员发现，与那些被展示当前自我或普通图片的参与者相比，被展示“未来自我”图片的参与者表现出更强的储蓄意愿。
2.（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇）
原句：Designed to test the theory that humans and Neanderthals interbred around 50,000 years ago, a study published in the journal Nature analyzed DNA from the bones of 43 individuals who lived in Europe and Asia.
拆解步骤：
1. 主干：a study（published定语）analyzed DNA（研究分析了DNA）；
2. 非谓语短语：Designed to test the theory...（作目的状语，逻辑主语为study，“旨在验证……理论的研究”）；
3. 同位语从句：that humans and Neanderthals interbred...（解释theory内容，“人类与尼安德特人约5万年前杂交”）；
4. 定语1：published in the journal Nature（修饰study，“发表于《自然》期刊的”）；
5. 定语2：from the bones of 43 individuals（修饰DNA，“来自43个个体骨骼的”）；
6. 定语从句：who lived in Europe and Asia（修饰individuals，“生活在欧亚的”）。
译文：一项发表于《自然》期刊的研究旨在验证“人类与尼安德特人约5万年前杂交”的理论，该研究分析了43名生活在欧洲和亚洲的个体的骨骼DNA。
3.（2025·浙江卷·语法填空）
原句：The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.
拆解步骤：
1. 主干：The fact does not mean that-clause（该事实并不意味着……）；
2. 同位语从句：that members of one culture...as do members of another（解释fact内容，“一种文化的人不如另一种文化的人坦率表达情感”）；
3. 倒装结构：as do members of another（=as members of another do，“另一种文化的人（坦率表达）”，倒装表强调）；
4. 宾语从句：that they do not experience emotions（作mean的宾语，“他们没有情感体验”）。
译文：一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人那样坦率地表达情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没有情感体验。
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