(共14张PPT)
培优增分课 巧用语篇结构破解阅读七选五
一、利用语篇分析，妙解阅读七选五
阅读七选五所选语篇通常以说明文为主，这类文章往往层次清楚，篇章结构以“总—分(—总)”结构常见，有时也会出现“总—分—分”结构。把握住这个规律后，考生在做题前，先整体观察一下文章是不是“总—分”结构，如果是，紧接着观察每一部分(段落)是否有主题句，若有，这些主题句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有句点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主题句的位置，则该处应为段落主题句，这样就可快速从选项中找出类似结构的句子，并根据本段内容做出选择。因此，精准把握语篇结构能够大大提高解答阅读七选五的能力。
高考阅读七选五常见语篇结构如下：
图1 图2 图3 图4
充分利用“总—分”结构中的“小标题”
段首设空时，考生应先观察“分讲部分”是否有小标题。若有小标题，仔细观察其他段落标题的句式结构，然后，根据结构相同的原则，缩小范围，选择短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词-ing形式的短语或祈使句作为小标题。
[典例1] (2023·全国甲卷)
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？There's one answer：36.They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience．
...
·Practice gratitude (感激)
...
·Make yourself wait
...
·__39__
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself，“40.This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable．”You'll then gradually become more patient.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
分析语篇结构可知，本文为“总—分”结构，根据文章结构可缩小选择范围。每段首句都是主题句，且是祈使句，故39题的答案范围限定在A、B、C三个选项中。根据本段中的“So many of us have the belief...we get impatient about the circumstances.”可推知，本段的主旨应与接受不舒适相关。
参考答案：___
C
解题思路
充分利用“总—分”结构中的“首段末尾句”
在“总—分”结构的文章中，首段的末尾句往往起到统领下文的作用，如果在首段末尾处设题，正确答案的语句通常为：
·Here are some tips/advice on how to...
·The following steps may help you...
·Here are some ways to...
如果首段末尾处不设题，也可利用这些总结句，选出后面段落的主题句。
典例2] (2022·浙江卷1月)I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed. __31__
·Pick the most important.
...
·Combine your activities.
...
·34.Be__an__active__learner.
...
D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
分析语篇结构可知，本文为“总—分”结构，在此类结构的文章中，首段的末尾句往往起到统领下文的作用。上文说作者做出选择，这个选择让作者充分利用每一天，并且依然感到快乐和轻松；根据下文各段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空处应是承上启下，引出下文的建议。
参考答案：___
解题思路
F
二、充分利用篇章结构中的“标点符号”
标点符号能确定句子之间的关系。设空处后面的标点符号可以是逗号、句号、破折号、问号等，借助于这些标点符号可以缩小答案范围，提高做题的准确率。
借助标点符号解题的常见情况如下：
典例3] (2025·全国二卷)
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults __36__ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
...
A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
空前以两个提问引出家庭共同活动的需求(寻找使家庭成员凝聚在一起的方式和成员的共同爱好)。空后指出志愿服务对家庭有意外的积极影响。选项B“家庭志愿服务可能正是你需要的”直接回应上文提问，引出下文的志愿服务对家庭的益处并形成“提问—建议—展开”的逻辑链。
参考答案：___
解题思路
B(共13张PPT)
培优增分课 非谓语动词4大核心考点
非谓语动词是英语语法体系中的核心难点，也是历年高考语法填空的高频考点。其四大用法覆盖了句子的主要成分功能。作为动词的特殊形式(不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词)，非谓语动词通过作状语实现逻辑关系的补充说明(考点1)，作定语时能替代定语从句简化结构(考点2)，作补语则完善宾语或主语的语义表达(考点3)，而充当主语、宾语和表语时更展现了其名词性特征(考点4)。掌握这四大用法，既能突破长难句分析的瓶颈，也能提升语言运用的准确性。
[典例1] (2025·浙江卷1月)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women ________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61.solution to one-time event dressing.
考查非谓语动词。“Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women”是句子的主体，已包含主谓宾成分，后面用动词不定式作目的状语。
参考答案：_________
解题思路
非谓语动词作状语
to rent
[典例2] (2025·威海模拟)The United Nations launched its 16th Chinese Language Day series—“Poetic China: Rhymes and Romance”—at UN headquarters on April 15, 2025, ________(offer) an immersive cultural experience that blends Chinese tea culture, calligraphy and poetry.
考查非谓语动词。这里offer与其逻辑主语“The United Nations”之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词作状语表示伴随状态或补充说明。
参考答案：_______
解题思路
offering
[典例3] (2025·九江模拟)________ (found) by Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Nobel, the award is intended for an author who has “produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction.”
考查非谓语动词。found一词的逻辑主语是“the award”，这里表示诺贝尔奖“被创建”，因此用表达被动概念的过去分词形式作状语。
参考答案：_______
解题思路
Founded
[典例4] (2025·南宁模拟)It has journeyed to Singapore, Malaysia, and New Zealand, displaying the combination of art and technology and granting the global public an opportunity ________ (appreciate) this iconic illustration of China's rich history and cultural heritage.
考查非谓语动词。结合语境可知，这里应该用动词不定式短语作后置定语，来修饰前面的名词opportunity。
参考答案：_____________
解题思路
非谓语动词作定语
to appreciate
[典例5] (2025·常州模拟)Luban Workshop is not a project created by China out of thin air, but is deeply rooted in China's concept of promoting the building of a global community of ________(share) future and promoting high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.
考查非谓语动词。这里shared表示“共有的；分享的”。根据语境应该用相当于形容词的过去分词shared作定语。
参考答案：_____
解题思路
shared
[典例6] (2025·丽水模拟)With this addition, China now has 44 cultural elements or practices ________ (recognize) by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
考查非谓语动词。这里用表示被动概念的过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词短语cultural elements or practices。
参考答案：____________
解题思路
recognized
[典例7] (2025·南昌联考)The railway authorities encourage passengers ________ (make) use of these new features and welcome feedback and suggestions to continually refine and improve the platform.
考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth是固定用法，因此这里用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
参考答案：_______
解题思路
非谓语动词作补语
to make
[典例8] (2025·镇江模拟)The different approaches to campus access have sparked fierce online debate, with many ________ (argue) that universities have a responsibility to interact with the public and share their facilities.
考查非谓语动词。这里many与argue之间是主动关系，因此用“with＋名词/代词＋动词-ing形式”构成的with复合结构，表示一种补充说明或伴随情况。
参考答案：_______
解题思路
arguing
[典例9] (2025·济宁模拟)China has maintained its lead of having the largest number of Global Geoparks in the world, with two new sites ________ (add) to the list by UNESCO.
考查非谓语动词。这里表示中国有两地“被加入”世界地质公园名单，因此用表达被动概念的过去分词，构成with复合结构。
参考答案：_____
解题思路
added
[典例10] (2025·山西五校联考)It is truly rewarding ________ (explore) the profound cultural heritage of Chinese calligraphy and tea ceremonies, which offer deep insights into ancient philosophies.
考查非谓语动词。本空前面句首的代词It作形式主语，因此这里应该用动词不定式形式作真正主语。
考查非谓语动词。本空前面句首的代词It作形式主语，因此这里应该用动词不定式形式作真正主语。
参考答案：_________
解题思路
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
to explore
[典例11] (2025·全国一卷)“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art，” says Tu. “We hope __________ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，hope to do sth是固定表达，这里动词不定式短语作宾语。
参考答案：_________
解题思路
to present(共18张PPT)
培优增分课 阅读理解正确选项的三大特征
分析和研究近几年高考英语试题，我们会发现阅读理解的正确选项具有如下特征：
从具体到抽象
阅读理解文章中的信息往往是具体的、确切的，而正确选项的设置却是抽象的。
[典例1] (2025·全国一卷阅读D)
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A．The importance of plastic recycling.
B．The severity of the microplastic problem.
C．The danger in overusing pure water.
D．The difficulty in treating polluted water.
本题关键信息句“Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”陈述了这样一个具体事实：科学家今年早些时候发现，即便是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比最初认为的多出10至1000倍。根据这一具体事实，可以得出一个抽象的结论：微塑料问题极其严重。
参考答案：___
解题思路
B
[典例2] (2025·全国二卷阅读B)
“If you're scared about something and thinking only about that, there's no way you're going to be able to learn，” Ho says. “I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
25．What is a characteristic of Ho's job
A．Prioritizing academics.
B．Encouraging innovation.
C．Treating various diseases.
D．Playing multiple roles.
本题关键信息句“I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”陈述了这样一个具体事实：Ho既是教练，也是顾问，同时还是安慰者——这正是医院教师的职责所在。这一具体事实，充分说明Ho的职业所具有的一个重大特征，那就是：身兼多职、扮演多种角色。
参考答案：___
解题思路
D
从举例到概括
阅读理解文章中往往会列举一些具体事实或案例，而正确选项的设置却是对这些事实或案例的提炼和概括。
[典例3] (2025·全国一卷阅读B)
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
24．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Ninth graders.
B．Students' parents.
C．Modern writers.
D．Fictional characters.
本段关键信息句列举了一位拯救小镇的牛仔，一位要求儿子门门功课都得A的严父，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶这些案例，在结合下文中的“who'd created these people”可知，这些人物都是九年级学生虚构的。选项D“Fictional characters”正好是对文中信息“a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet...”的概括。
参考答案：___
解题思路
D
[典例4] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B)
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
本段中列举了两个例子：①Leigh Tindale的爱犬查理患有严重心脏病。Leigh Tindale坦言，当查理心脏病发作时，她已准备实施安乐死，但法伯医生的治疗极大缓解了爱犬的痛苦，使其生命得以延续五个月。②Priscilla Dewing则反馈，她的马匹经过脊椎矫正后，“行动更自如，骑乘更舒适”。这两个案例都证明一个结论：法伯医生的治疗方法是极其有效的。
参考答案：___
解题思路
D
从现象到本质
阅读理解文章中往往会阐述一些现象，而正确选项往往是对现象背后所揭示的本质的概括。
[典例5] (2025·全国一卷阅读B)
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
27．What does the author's experience show
A．Teaching is learning.
B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power.
D．Practice makes perfect.
本段结尾阐述了这样一种现象：当六月的最后铃声响起时，我带着一本写满留言的纪念册离开，那些文字揭示了写作最深刻的意义——它能够联结人心，让我们换位思考，教会我们何以为人。这一现象背后的本质是——教学相长(Teaching is learning)。
参考答案：___
解题思路
A
[典例6] (2025·贵阳质检阅读C)
“I think your cooking smells strange，” my 7-year-old said one evening, as I set dinner in front of her. She wasn't trying to be hurtful; she was simply stating her truth. While my initial reaction was a mix of amusement and mild offense, it got me thinking about why kids of this age are often so unapologetically honest. Unlike adults, who frequently filter (过滤) their thoughts to preserve social harmony, kids at this age tend to say what's on their minds.
28．Why does the author mention her daughter's judging her cooking
A．To show children usually tell the truth.
B．To show children's honesty is unwelcome.
C．To prove children tend to ignore others' feelings.
D．To prove children's words are unpleasant to hear.
根据本段可知，女儿直言作者所做的饭菜味道古怪(I think your cooking smells strange)。在作者看来，女儿并非有意伤人，只是坦率地陈述了自己的真实想法。虽然作者的第一反应是既觉得好笑又有些被冒犯，但这句话让作者开始思考：为什么这个年龄段的孩子总能如此毫无保留地诚实？成年人常常会过滤自己的言辞以维护社交和谐，而这个年纪的孩子却总是想到什么就说什么。显然，通过这一现象，作者揭示了这一本质——儿童通常会直言不讳、实话实说。
参考答案：___
解题思路
A(共18张PPT)
培优增分课 规避5大高频易错点
在高考英语中，完形填空一直以来都是考生得分率较低的题型，也是高考的拉分题目，所以这类题对于考生来说分分都要争，每分都要保，力争得满分。
因不能正确区分形/义近词(组)而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词(组)或义近词(组)让考生辨析，因为形式相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义就很容易选错。
[典例1] (2024·全国甲卷)．..While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside，I was left alone in the 41.kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes.__42__， my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
...
...her stories always make my history textbooks __60__．
42．A.As always B．By the way
C．For example D．Here and now
60．A.come true B．come round
C．come out D．come alive
42．考生若混淆“习惯性动作”与“举例、转换话题”的语境，易误选B或C。根据语境可知，“讲故事”是两人在洗碗时的习惯性行为，而非“顺便说”或“举例”，因此“as always”最贴合语境。
60．考生若仅记住“come”短语的字面含义，忽略其引申义，易误选come out(出版)。但文中核心是“祖母的故事总是让作者的历史教科书栩栩如生”，“come alive”准确表达“生动起来”的状态。
参考答案：42.___60. ___
解题思路
A
D
因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，课标词汇中较为生僻的单词以及由课标词组成的较生僻的短语也逐渐出现在选项中。考生在备考时要对照课标词汇表查缺补漏，多积累由课标词组成的生僻词汇，做到课标词汇无遗漏。
典例2] (2025·全国一卷)I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 53.belongings that share our small space. I take 54.joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is __55__ something that couldn't come with us.
55．A.anticipating
B．appreciating
C．delivering
D．withdrawing
前文“loving(珍视)”与后文“appreciating(欣赏、珍视)”构成情感平行，体现“我”的行为是将不用的物品分享给他人，而他人对这些物品的态度应是“珍视、欣赏”，符合全文“物尽其用”的温暖基调。考生若不熟悉生僻词“anticipate vt.预期，预料；withdraw v．提，取(银行账户中的钱款)；停止，退出，(军队)撤离”则会误选。
参考答案：___
解题思路
B
因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
[典例3] (2025·北京卷)Little did I realize that single moment would ruin everything.
The following day, called to the headmaster's office, I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts. “I didn't do it, sir，” I argued, but suspicion __5__ his eyes. His repeated 6.questioning intensified, pushing me to the edge of fear and tears. In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I 7.falsely confessed (承认).
5．A.caught B．clouded
C．hurt D．brightened
cloud熟义：n.云，vt.使模糊；但很多考生对其“(负面情绪)笼罩、使充满疑虑”的生义不熟悉，易误选其他选项。“suspicion clouded his eyes”形象表达“他的眼神中充满怀疑”，符合校长对“我”的不信任状态，与后文“repeated 6.questioning(反复质问)”形成逻辑呼应。
参考答案：___
解题思路
B
因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式。考生在学习单词、词组或习惯用语时，受到思维定式的影响，只记中文意思过于简单化，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。
典例4] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)．..The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such __51__．That day，I got 52.passed by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.
51．A.dangers
B．events
C．opponents
D．challenges
由51题前面的句子可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对一个新手来说是一个挑战。由空前的“such”可知，这里说的是上文的情况。如果没明白这一点，很容易受后面“about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”的影响而错选C。
参考答案：___
解题思路
D
因抓不住文章主线而错选
完形填空的考查点依附于语篇，而语篇具有连贯性，这就要求考生要理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理和判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持一个原则——不急于解答，根据前后文综合考虑再做判定。
[典例5] (2025·北京卷)At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed. The 1.desire to stand out consumed me, pushing me towards a regrettable decision.
...
The headmaster asked my father to come to school, whose shaky faith in me brought a mix of relief and 8.shame. My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my actions. 9.Tearfully,__I confessed my misguided longing for recognition. In the headmaster's office, my father listened attentively, and then spoke with quiet authority: “I trust my son. He is not a thief.”
With my father's support, I learned a valuable lesson：__10__ cannot be forced; true recognition comes from honourable acts.
10．A.tolerance
B．gratitude
C．sympathy
D．attention
文章开篇明确提到“felt overshadowed and unnoticed(感到被忽视)”“The 1.desire to stand out(渴望脱颖而出)”，核心诉求是“获得关注(attention)”。结尾总结“________ cannot be forced; true recognition comes from honourable acts”，与开篇“渴望关注却用错方式”呼应，强调“关注(attention)无法被强迫，真正的认可来自正当行为”，与主线完全一致。
考生错选源于未能把握“渴望关注→错误行为→领悟真谛”的主线，忽略了“attention”与“stand out”“unnoticed”“recognition”的贯穿关联。
参考答案：___
解题思路
D
