高考英语二轮复习专题突破阅读理解题型2推理判断题课件(共99张PPT)
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习专题突破阅读理解题型2推理判断题课件(共99张PPT) |
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| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.7MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-12-11 00:00:00 | ||
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(共99张PPT)
题型2 推理判断题
推理判断题属于深层次的阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
推理判断题选项的特点：
正确选项特征：
①是根据原文推断出的内容，不是原文直接呈现的内容，多为表层含义的延伸；
②一般不含有表示绝对概念的字眼，而通常含有usually、may、some、probably、be likely to、about、can、possibly等词语。
干扰选项特征：
①文章中直接用于表达细节的信息，而不是推断的结论；
②文章中无关紧要或推出的片面结论；
③与文章内容完全相反的结论或是不合常理、颠倒逻辑的结论。
技法1 隐含推断题——逻辑分析推隐含
推断隐含意义类的题目要求考生根据文章中的信息(某个或某些句子、段落或全文的信息)进行合理的、适度的逻辑推断，推断出作者没有直接说明的内容、可能会发生的事情或者事物的特征等，理解作者的言外之意或深层含义。
常见设问方式有：
·What can we infer/learn about...from the last/first/...paragraph
·What does the author indicate/want to say/want to show by...
·The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________．
[典例1] (2025·全国一卷阅读C)．..Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
30．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A．They boosted the sales of cars.
B．They turned out largely ineffective.
C．They won government support.
D．They advocated building new parks.
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s”。
第二步 寻信息句：根据关键句“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.”可知，尽管有这些运动， 但是大多数西方城市还是围绕汽车的需求进行彻底的重新设计， 路上的汽车数量猛增。
解题流程
第三步 揣摩含义：城市规划仍以道路为中心，故推断这些运动基本上是无效的。
参考答案：__
B
图解技法
技法2 观点态度题——依据措辞定态度
观点态度题往往要求考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事(物)所持的观点、态度，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一般分为三大类：
①支持、赞同、乐观；
②客观、中立、公正；
③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。
常见设问方式有：
·What is the author's/sb's attitude towards...
·What do the researchers/author think of...
·How does the author/sb find/feel about...
[典例2] (2024·全国甲卷阅读C)Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year，the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks，before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给)．Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”
31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A．Appreciative.
B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Cautious.
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services”。
第二步 寻信息句： 根据关键信息定位信息1：“I was very impressed by the doctors”，形容词impressed，说明Ducke对医生和他们的助手的工作印象深刻；信息2：“living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned”，形容词little和focused and very concerned，说明医生和助手虽然住在如此狭小的空间里，但仍然保持专注和关切； 信息3：“They were the best chance”，名词短语the best chance，说明他们能提供专业的治疗。
解题流程
第三步 归纳人物态度：综上可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务是感激的。
参考答案：__
A
图解技法
技法3 写作意图题——文体特点推意图
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
常见设问方式有：
·What is the purpose of the passage
·What does the writer use the example of...to do
·What does the story/the writer of the story intend to/want to tell us
· For what purpose did the author write the passage
[典例3] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives，we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future，and this is where AI by Design：A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革)．
In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，AI is already super-smart and will become more capable，moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there，Campbell says，will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence，or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking，followed by global regulation，will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all，and if you only read one book on the subject，this is it.
35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert
第一步 看文体：本文以“书”为对象，阐述了作者对这本书的评价，由此可推知，本文是一篇书评。
第二步 明主旨：Para.1：总体介绍了新书《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计划》；Para.2：介绍了本书作者的背景和写作特点；Paras.3－4：概述了书中的主要论点及其意义；Para.5：再次强烈推荐这本书。根据各段主旨可知，本文介绍了《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计划》这本书的内容并作了评价。
第三步 作判断：作者写这篇文章是为了推荐一本有关AI的书。
参考答案：___
解题流程
A
图解技法
技法4 文章类型/出处题、读者对象题——内容细节巧判断
文章类型/出处题、读者对象题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的类型/出处和读者对象。读者对象题要求考生根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象。
常见设问方式有：
·From which is the passage probably taken
·Where can the text be found/is the text probably taken from
·The passage is probably intended for...
·What is the passage
[典例4] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists' representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this“book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to．
28．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book.
B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum.
D．A review of modern paintings.
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“where”和“is...taken from”。
第二步 寻信息句： 根据关键信息可知本题考查文章出处。可以通过看内容或看关键词来快速解此类题。
第三步 比对答案： 根据第一段第一句“Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration...three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books，’ artworks are selected and arranged...”可知，这本书展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，且本文主要是对该书内容的介绍，故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。
参考答案：____
解题流程
A
图解技法
A
Gukesh Dommaraju, from Chennai, India, has been playing chess since he was about 7 years old and turned professional at 10. By 12, he became a chess grandmaster, the highest title a chess player can reach. Over the last few years, he has had numerous successes. In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.
跟踪
训练
The world chess champion is decided by a series of 14 games between the champion and the challenger. Players earn 1 point for winning a game and a half point for every drawn (tied) game. To win, a player must earn 7.5 points.
Even though Ding was the world champion, many people thought Gukesh might win, as Ding had been struggling, with no wins since January. Despite this, Ding quickly took the lead by winning the first game. However, Gukesh began to play better, winning Game 3 and continuing to perform well. The players tied every game after that until Gukesh won Game 11.Ding then took Game 12. After Game 13 ended in a draw, the match was tied at 7.5 points each, setting up the final game as the decider. In the last game, Gukesh and Ding played for almost five hours.
On the 55th move, Ding made a serious mistake, which left him “totally in shock”. This allowed Gukesh to exchange some pieces and gain an advantage, leading to his victory. Ding congratulated the new champion, and Gukesh was so happy that he cried.
Many people have congratulated Gukesh on his victory. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that Gukesh's victory had “inspired millions of young minds to dream big”．
Despite being the world champion, Gukesh remains focused on improving his game. “Becoming the world champion does not mean I am the best player，” he said. He hopes one day to be as strong a chess player as Magnus Carlsen, who was world champion for 10 years and is still ranked No.1 in the world.
语境猜词：
①numerous(派生)＝number＋后缀-ous ____________________
②victorious(派生)＝victory＋后缀-ious ________________
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了印度棋手Gukesh Dommaraju成为世界冠军的历程。
1．What earned Gukesh the chance to challenge Ding
A．The highest title he has reached.
B．His passion for playing chess.
C．Winning Candidates Tournament.
D．The age at which he competed.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.”可知，Gukesh赢得了候选人锦标赛，获得了挑战世界冠军丁立人的机会。故选C。
2．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．The game was fiercely contested.
B．Gukesh had an advantage over Ding.
C．Gukesh and Ding got the same final point.
D．Ding made no wins in the whole game.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，这场比赛竞争十分激烈。故选A。
3．Which of the following can best describe Gukesh
A．Generous and caring. B．Humble and inspiring.
C．Confident and outgoing. D．Humorous and determined.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Becoming the world champion does not mean I am the best player”可知，即使成为世界冠军，他仍然很谦虚；根据第五段中“Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that Gukesh's victory had ‘inspired millions of young minds to dream big’．”可知，印度总理认为Gukesh的胜利“激励了数百万年轻人敢于梦想”。由此可推知，Gukesh的胜利是鼓舞人心的。故选B。
4．What does the text mainly highlight about Gukesh
A．The impact of his victory on young minds.
B．The importance of his early training in chess.
C．The journey of his becoming a world champion.
D．The strategies used by him to defeat Ding Liren.
解析：C 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.”以及本文主要讲述了来自印度金奈的Gukesh Dommaraju从七岁开始学习国际象棋，十岁时成为职业棋手，十二岁时成为国际象棋特级大师，并在2024年4月赢得了候选人锦标赛，获得了挑战世界冠军丁立人的机会，最终经过激烈的竞争，战胜了丁立人，成为新的世界冠军的故事。由此可知，本文主要讲述了Gukesh成为世界冠军的历程。故选C。
B
(2025·四川省高三质量联合测评)In his new biography of Robert Crumb, Dan Nadel, a comics (漫画) expert, writes that his subject agreed to participate in the project under one condition: “that I be honest about his faults, look closely at his urges, and examine the racially charged aspects of his work.” Crumb, honest in his work as an underground comics pioneer, expected the same from his biographer. And Nadel fulfilled.
That doesn't mean Crumb: A Cartoonist's life is a hatchet job. Far from it, Nadel expresses intense admiration for Crumb's art and deep sympathy for his troubled upbringing. Nadel tracks Crumb's artistic progress, from working with his brother Charles on adolescent comics influenced by childhood heroes like Carl Barks and John Stanley, to designing greeting cards for American Greetings, and finally to sinking into a boundless release of subconscious chaos.
When it comes time to explore Crumb's problematic representations of black people, Nadel neither excuses the artist nor issues simple criticism. Crumb's work often embraced the racist prejudices he absorbed from his white, postwar American upbringing, and his art was an unpleasant reflection of those influences. According to Nadel, essentially it is both prejudiced and blaming, pointing fingers at himself, the reader and the entire culture, and there are never happy endings in Crumb Land.
Nor happy beginnings. Crumb was born in 1943 in Philadelphia, the youngest of five children in a family marked by mental illness and frequent moves. This instability shaped his early life and created a sense of disconnection that would last throughout his career.
Nadel also investigates Crumb's later years, including his time in San Francisco, where he became a major figure in the counterculture, but always kept questioning it. Crumb's fame grew, but he continued to refuse to be categorized, seeing himself as separate from the very culture that celebrated him.
Generously illustrated with work throughout Crumb's career, Crumb is an artist biography that connects the work to the life story without forcing or simplifying anything. It works as cultural history; you won't find a sharper analysis of the underground comics movement. Nadel honors the complexity of his subject, even, perhaps particularly, when it gets ugly.
语境猜词：
①subconscious (派生)＝sub-(前缀)＋conscious ________________
②problematic (派生)＝problem＋后缀-atic ________________
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍丹·纳德尔为漫画先驱罗伯特·克拉姆所著传记的内容。
5．What does the underlined phrase “a hatchet job” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．A careless analysis. B．A confusing overview.
C．A cruel attack. D．A failed experiment.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第二段“Far from it, Nadel expresses intense admiration for Crumb's art and deep sympathy for his troubled upbringing.”可知，画线短语与后文“钦佩与同情”语义相反，结合前文“诚实探讨缺点”的语境，可推断a hatchet job意为“恶意攻击”。故选C。
6．How does Nadel approach Crumb's representations of black people
A．He embraces the sad endings.
B．He defends Crumb's artistic freedom.
C．He acknowledges racism and criticism.
D．He separates Crumb's views from his art.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段“When it comes time to...nor issues simple criticism.”及“According to Nadel, essentially it is...endings in Crumb Land.”可知，纳德尔承认其作品中的种族主义问题并加以评论。故选C。
7．What was Crumb's relationship with the counterculture
A．He was doubtful yet part of it.
B．He was angry yet influential in it.
C．He was interested yet rejected by it.
D．He was respectful yet distanced from it.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Nadel also investigates Crumb's later...counterculture, but always kept questioning it.”可知，克拉姆既是反主流文化的一部分，又对其持怀疑态度。故选A。
8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To analyze the underground comics movement.
B．To recommend a book on a comics pioneer.
C．To examine the influence of upbringing on art.
D．To honor the friendship with a former colleague.
解析：B 写作意图题。通读全文，尤其最后一段可知，全文围绕传记“Crumb: A Cartoonist's Life”展开，介绍其对克拉姆艺术生涯、争议及成长背景的呈现，并评价其作为文化史和地下漫画运动分析的价值，作者不仅是介绍了这本人物传记，也表达了对本传记的欣赏和推荐。故选B。
语境猜词答案：
A①adj.众多的，许多的 ②adj.获胜的，胜利的
B①adj.潜意识的；下意识的 ②adj.有问题的；造成麻烦的
训练3 隐含推断、写作意图题
(建议用时：25分钟 总分：30分)
阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A
(2025·石家庄市教学质量检测)
When Glen Coupland was first practising yoga more than 25 years ago, it was to get active and boost his own fitness. Now, at the age of 78, Glen is a yoga teacher at five locations around Toronto, teaching 17 classes a week. And he's built a community of students who gather weekly to practise and socialize. “It's really nice to see people build friendships here，” he says.
限时规范
训练3-4
Nancy，56, has been practising yoga with Coupland for about a decade, and she says why she keeps coming back is the community. She's become friends with Coupland and her fellow students: they go cycling, meet up for tea, go hiking, even go on vacation together.
“Social isolation is the new smoking, in terms of death rate，” says Dr Alexandra Papaioannou, director of the Geras Centre for Aging Research. “Older adults tend to have fewer social ties. As seniors leave the work force, they're not getting that daily connection. Plus, family members may not live near and spouses (配偶) may have passed away，” she adds.
A study published by the Journal of Aging Health found that loneliness and social isolation could lead to higher chances of depression and weakened thinking abilities, greater risks of heart diseases, memory loss, and a reduced quality of life.
Another study found that older adults who exercised with others demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those who didn't exercise at all or exercised alone. And compared with those who exercised alone, older adults who participated in group fitness had significantly better muscle strength, attention, memory and overall function.
For seniors, group fitness classes are a good way of getting much-needed exercise and an opportunity to socialize.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对于老年人来说，团体健身课程不仅是获得必要锻炼的好方式，也是社交的机会，文中通过具体事例及研究说明社交隔离对老年人健康的危害以及团体锻炼对老年人健康的益处。
1．What's the main reason for Nancy to keep practising yoga with Glen Coupland？( )
A．To become a yoga teacher.
B．To improve her fitness.
C．To enjoy a sense of belonging.
D．To serve the community.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nancy, 56, has been...back is the community.” 可知南希坚持和格伦·库普兰练习瑜伽主要是为了享受一种归属感。故选C。
C
2．What can we learn from Dr Alexandra Papaioannou's words？
( )
A．Seniors living alone tend to smoke more.
B．Lack of social ties causes more smoking.
C．Seniors need avoid smoking to live longer.
D．Social isolation is as dangerous as smoking.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Social isolation is the new smoking, in terms of death rate”可推知，社会隔离和吸烟一样危险。故选D
D
3．What can we conclude from the two studies？( )
A．Group exercise helps fight health risks.
B．Group activities can cure mental diseases.
C．Better physical condition can improve memory.
D．Social bonds have little impact on mental health.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四、五段可推知，团体锻炼有助于对抗健康风险。故选A。
A
4．Which column of a website is the text probably taken from？( )
A．Entertainment. B．Wellness.
C．Fashion. D．Culture.
解析：B 文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了对于老年人来说，团体健身课程不仅是获得必要锻炼的好方式，也是社交的机会，文中通过具体事例及研究说明社交隔离对老年人健康的危害以及团体锻炼对老年人健康的益处。文章内容与健康养生相关。所以这篇文章可能来自网站的健康专栏。故选B。
B
B
(2025·贵阳市七校联考)
Recently, we've interacted more and more with chatbots and other programs that use natural language processing and generative artificial intelligence to simulate conversation. And there's a lot we want to know. How do chatbots generate their answers to our questions How and where do they get their information Could a chatbot ever form a genuine connection with a human And at what point might the chatbot itself seem human
These are the questions the cartoonist and writer Amy Kurzweil brings to Artificial: A Love Story, a graphic memoir that takes a heartfelt look at the technological dimensions of human connection. Kurzweil's perspective and storytelling shows her close relationship with her father, computer scientist and inventor Ray Kurzweil, who has long predicted the eventual merging of human and machine.
At its core, Artificial is an intimate story about how we preserve the bonds of family and the meaning of heritage across physical and temporal distances. Kurzweil narrates the life of her grandfather, Fritz “Fred” Kurzweil, who died when Ray was only 22.
Now Fred is coming back to life, in a way, through AI. His memories, pieced together through personal letters and documentation, have become data, fed to an algorithm for Ray Kurzweil's latest invention: Fredbot, a chatbot that will write in the voice of his father. Amy Kurzweil, who was tasked with gathering and digitizing thousands of old, often handwritten documents, brings a keen eye to her illustrations, contrasting the ambitious goals of her father's project and the mundanity of sifting through file after file, box after box, in a family storage unit. Throughout the narrative, she thinks about the meaning not only of these materials but also of the digital relics of our everyday lives.
Human presence is powerful, yet it is also fleeting. It can arise through the technologies we use to connect with others but is subject to the mistakes of memory and perspective. Kurzweil expresses a growing understanding of her family's legacy and how it has influenced her life as an artist and her relationships.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Artificial：A Love Story一书，通过讲述Amy Kurzweil利用AI技术重现祖父记忆的故事，深刻探讨了科技时代下人类情感的纽带与传承。
5．What is the main topic of Artificial: A Love Story？( )
A．The prediction of the merging of human and machine.
B．The exploration of human bond in technological age.
C．The development of chatbots and AI technology.
D．The life story of Amy Kurzweil and his father.
解析：B 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第三段内容可知，Artificial：A Love Story这本书主要探讨的是科技时代下的人类情感纽带。故选B。
B
6．What can we infer about Fredbot？( )
A．It physically resembles Fred.
B．It uses AI to write in Fred's voice.
C．It simulates the personality of Fred.
D．It narrates the story of Amy's father.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“His memories, pieced together...write in the voice of his father.”可知，Fredbot是一个使用AI技术，以Fred的声音写作的聊天机器人。故选B。
B
7．What does the word “mundanity” in paragraph 4 refer to？( )
A．The excitement of a new project.
B．The challenge of downloading files.
C．The boredom of sorting documents.
D．The creativity of illustrating a story.
解析：C 词义猜测题。 “mundanity”出现在描述Amy Kurzweil整理文件的过程中，与“the ambitious goals of her father's project”形成对比，可以推断出“mundanity”指的是整理文件的无聊和乏味。故选C。
C
8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text？( )
A．To criticize the use of technology.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To introduce a new chatbot invention.
D．To reflect on the impact of technology.
解析：D 写作意图题。根据第一段对聊天机器人的讨论和后续对Artificial：A Love Story一书的介绍，可以推断出作者主要想反映科技对人类生活的影响。故选D。
D
C
(2025·常州模拟)
We all recognize the “Bluetooth” brand, but we take for granted its significance and how much it impacts our lives. From smartphones to headphones and beyond, we rely on Bluetooth technology to free us from the tether (绳或链) of wired tech.
While the wireless technology has become an essential part of everyday life, not many people have given much thought to the inspiration behind the iconic Bluetooth name and logo. For how innovative the technology, the name doesn't sound technological. It's not an acronym (首字母缩略词) and doesn't stand for anything. So what does it mean
Surprisingly, the name dates back to King Harald “Bluetooth” Gormsson who was well known for two things: Uniting Denmark and Norway in 958. His dead tooth, which was a dark blue/grey color, earned him the nickname Bluetooth. His nickname comes from the extreme amount of blueberries he ate, staining his teeth.
In 1996, three industry leaders, Intel, Ericsson, and Nokia, met to plan the standardization of this short-range radio technology to support connectivity and collaboration between different products and industries.
During this meeting, Jim Kardach from Intel suggested Bluetooth as a temporary code name. Kardach was later quoted as saying, “King Harald ‘Bluetooth’．..was famous for uniting Scandinavia just as we intended to unite the PC and cellular industries with a short-range wireless link.”
Bluetooth was only intended as a temporary name until marketing could come up with something really cool. Later, when it came time to select a serious name, Bluetooth was to be replaced with either RadioWire or PAN (Personal Area Networking). PAN was the front runner, but an exhaustive search discovered it already had tens of thousands of hits throughout the Internet.
A full trademark search on RadioWire couldn't be completed in time for launch, making Bluetooth the only choice. The name caught__on fast and before it could be changed, it spread throughout the industry, becoming synonymous with short-range wireless technology.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。“蓝牙”这个词大家都不陌生，可是，你知道它的来历吗？
9．What do we know about the name “Bluetooth”？( )
A．It stands for high technology.
B．It dates back nearly 1，000 years.
C．It comes from a king's nickname.
D．It contains initial letters of some words.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，“蓝牙”这一名称既没有科技感，也不是首字母缩略词，它可以追溯到十世纪的Harald “Bluetooth” Gormsson国王，他在公元958年统一了丹麦和挪威。故C项正确。
C
10．What made Jim Kardach think of King Harald “Bluetooth”？( )
A．His uniting Scandinavia.
B．His having a blue tooth.
C．His interest in blueberries.
D．His passion for technology.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Jim Kardach之所以想到了Harald “Bluetooth”国王，是因为该国王以统一斯堪的纳维亚半岛而闻名，而这几家科技公司打算用短距离无线连接技术将个人电脑和手机连接起来。故A项正确。
A
11．Why was “Bluetooth” selected in the end？( )
A．It was very serious and formal.
B．It sounded cool and fashionable.
C．There were many supporters.
D．There were no better choices.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Bluetooth本来只是Jim Kardach等人临时使用的一个名字，后来他们想出了更正式的名字RadioWire和PAN，可惜已被使用；由于他们没有时间再想更合适的名字，所以就继续沿用了Bluetooth。故D项正确。
D
12．What does the underlined phrase “caught on” in the last paragraph mean？( )
A．Became suitable.
B．Became popular.
C．Became important.
D．Became interesting.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文信息“it spread throughout the industry”可知，Bluetooth这个名字很快就在行业里被广泛传播，也就是迅速流行起来。故B项正确。
B
训练4 观点态度、文章类型/出处、读者对象题
(建议用时：25分钟 总分：27.5分)
阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A
(2025·湖北省新高考信息卷)
One-Day Barossa Valley Wine Tour
Enjoy some of the best food and wine in Australia while soaking up rolling hills and charming villages. The Barossa Valley Wine Tour is perfect for keen culture lovers, or those just looking to test their taste buds.
Important Information
Tour Details Available Fares
Depart time: 9：00 a．m. Adult from: $179
Return time: 5：30 p．m. Child from: $179
We don't carry children under five years on this tour. There are no children's activities and those under 18 years are not permitted to sample any alcohol.
Itinerary (行程)
Order Location Specialty
1 Kies Family
Wines Award-winning blends and strong family values
2 Tanunda Charming township with specialty shops and picturesque scenery
3 Turkey Flat
Vineyards A tasting session of wines from old plantings, delicate platter lunch with local produce
4 Mengler's Hill Breathtaking lookout with expansive views of the region
5 Rosenvale
Vineyards Biodynamic family-owned winery (酒庄), delicious Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon
6 Seppeltsfield Iconic date palms for photo opportunity
What's included
Wine tasting at three wineries
Delicious platter style lunch of regional produce
All entrance fees
Adelaide CBD and Glenelg pick-up and drop-off
Friendly and informative tour guide
Air-conditioned transport
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为期一天的巴罗萨谷葡萄酒之旅。
1．What can tourists do during the One-Day Tour？( )
A．Process wines in old plantings.
B．Visit two family-owned wineries.
C．Try low-alcohol drinks with kids.
D．Enter Seppeltsfield with extra fees.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据行程表中的第一项Kies Family Wines 和“Award-winning blends and strong family values”可知，这也是家族酒庄。由此可知，游客会参观两个家族酒庄。故选B。
B
2．What is the feature of the One-Day Tour？( )
A．Pick-up services are offered anywhere.
B．Children under five can travel for free.
C．Immersive experiences are stressed.
D．Activities for children are arranged.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据What's included？部分中的内容可知，游客可以在3个酒庄品酒，还可以吃到带有地方特色的农产品，导游也见闻广博，由此可见，该一日游强调沉浸式体验。故选C。
C
3．Whom is the One-Day Tour intended for？( )
A．General readers. B．History lovers.
C．Photographers. D．Businessmen.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The Barossa Valley Wine Tour...test their taste buds.”可知，该一日游适合文化爱好者参加，也适合那些单纯想要测试自己味蕾的人，可见，它的受众就是一般读者，不局限于特定群体。故选A。
A
B
(2025·广东省部分学校联考)
Searching for a way to breathe life into overlooked objects and forgotten events, Erin started her career working in museums. Before long, she found herself writing a resource manual (使用手册) for teachers, leading school tours, and engaging students in interactive programs. She realized that the enthusiasm she saw on field trips was missing in too many classrooms, and she decided to do something about it.
For the past eight years, Erin has taught social studies in the Milwaukee area. Her mission is not only to raise and develop curiosity about the past, but also to motivate students to update their knowledge in the present.
One day, an eighth grader complained that the reading assignment from a history textbook was inaccurate. If you're a teacher, that kind of criticism could be a headache. Using an outdated textbook would be a sign that you don't know your material, and it would be embarrassing if your students noticed the error before you did.
But Erin had assigned that particular reading intentionally. She collects old history books because she enjoys seeing how the stories we tell change over time, and she decided to give her students part of a textbook from 1940. Some of them just accepted the information it presented without critical thinking. Through years of education, they had come to take it for granted that textbooks told the truth. Others were shocked by errors and omissions (删减). It was rooted in their minds that their readings were filled with undeniable facts. The lesson led them to start thinking like scientists and questioning what they were learning: Whose story was included, whose was excluded, and what were they missing if only one or two viewpoints were shared After opening her students' eyes to the fact that knowledge can get updated, Erin's next step was to show them that it's always changing and developing.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了Erin如何通过创新的教学方法激发学生对历史的兴趣和提升学生的批判性思维能力。
4．What inspired Erin to want to make a difference？( )
A．Students' lack of passion in class.
B．Her working experience in museum.
C．The outdated textbooks used in schools.
D．The eagerness to explore forgotten events.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“She realized that...something about it.”可知，Erin在博物馆工作时，发现学生们在实地考察中表现出的热情在课堂上却常常缺失。由此可推知，是学生在课堂上缺乏热情激发了Erin想要做出改变。故选A。
A
5．What may make a teacher awkward according to paragraph 3？( )
A．Teaching with only one viewpoint.
B．Failing to answer students' questions.
C．Students knowing more than the teacher.
D．Students finding mistakes before teachers do.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Using an outdated textbook...error before you did.”可知，如果学生在老师之前发现教科书中的错误，这会让老师感到尴尬。故选D。
D
6．Why did Erin make her students read old history books？( )
A．To help them admire history.
B．To prepare them for a history quiz.
C．To develop students' critical thinking.
D．To teach them how to fix errors in textbooks.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Erin让学生读旧历史书，一些学生不加批判地接受信息，而另一些学生对书中内容的错误和删减感到震惊，这节课让他们开始像科学家一样思考并质疑所学内容，由此可推断出，Erin让学生读旧历史书是为了培养学生的批判性思维。故选C。
C
7．Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from？( )
A．History Facts.
B．Scientific Findings.
C．Education Innovations.
D．Career Development.
解析：C 文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“She realized that...something about it.”可知，文章主要讲述了Erin发现学生在课堂上缺乏热情的问题，然后通过让学生读旧历史书培养他们的批判性思维，这是一种教育创新。所以文章可能来自杂志的“教育创新”专栏。故选C。
C
C
(2025·江西省南昌市二模)
James Hansen, the climate scientist best known for warning the US Congress about global warming in the 1980s, has strengthened his message that we are underestimating the climate impact of declining air pollution.
“Reducing air pollution is essential for health and environment, but we have to understand its complex relationship with climate change when we used aerosols (气溶胶) to cancel out almost half of greenhouse gas warming，” said Hansen at a United Nations Sustainable Development Network briefing.
Record rises in global temperatures in 2023 and 2024 have led to debate about whether global warming is accelerating faster than expected. Hansen and colleagues previously linked this acceleration with reduced air pollution. Now they offer a new analysis suggesting declining air pollution can explain recent temperature increases. Aerosols in air pollution reflect sunlight away from Earth and affect cloud properties.
A 2020 shipping regulation controlling sulphur (硫磺) emissions provided critical evidence: in Pacific shipping routes, reduced aerosols allowed 0.5 watts of additional heat per square meter to reach Earth, equal to a decade's worth of current CO2 emissions. This suggests aerosols previously masked up to half of greenhouse warming. Hansen warns such findings imply climate sensitivity is far higher than estimated, and argues the world is more rapidly approaching climate tipping points.
However, many scientists have mixed views. Michael Diamond at Florida State University notes Hansen's 0.5-watt estimate is “at the extreme edge of plausibility (合理性)，” while NASA's Gavin Schmidt argues the number is “very likely an overestimate”．
A change in aerosols may not even be necessary to explain the temperature rise, says Shiv Priyam Raghuraman at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign—he previously found it can be explained by changes in Pacific Ocean temperatures alone. He says more work is needed to understand the warming effects of aerosols before we put the blame on reduced air pollution. “At least, reducing air pollution remains vital nowadays.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是气候学家詹姆斯·汉森关于减少空气污染对气候影响的警告，并探讨了气溶胶与全球变暖之间的复杂关系及其科学争议。
8．What's Hansen's warning about？( )
A．The misconception of greenhouse gases.
B．The influence of air pollution reduction.
C．The necessity of declining air pollution.
D．The results of continuing global warming.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，汉森指出，减少空气污染对健康和环境至关重要，但需要注意其与气候变化的复杂关系，由此可知，汉森的警告主要集中在减少空气污染对气候的影响。故选B。
B
9．Why does the author mention the 2020 shipping regulation？( )
A．To urge the government to reduce air pollution.
B．To stress aerosols' impact on greenhouse warming.
C．To explain the change of present climate.
D．To praise the regulations on sulphur emissions.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A 2020 shipping regulation...worth of current CO2 emissions.”可知，作者提到2020年的航运法规是为了强调气溶胶对温室效应的影响。故选B。
B
10．What is Michael Diamond's attitude towards Hansen's 0.5-watt estimate？( )
A．Supportive. B．Indistinct.
C．Respectful. D．Doubtful.
解析：D 观点态度题。根据第五段中的“Michael Diamond at Florida State University...number is ‘very likely an overestimate’．”可知，迈克尔·戴蒙德指出，汉森提出的0.5瓦估计值“处于合理性的极端边缘”，由此可推断，迈克尔·戴蒙德对汉森的估计持怀疑态度。故选D。
D
11．What can be inferred about the temperature rise from the last paragraph？( )
A．Further research is demanded.
B．Aerosols are the decisive factor.
C．Previous studies are ineffective.
D．Pacific Ocean temperatures count most.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He says more work...air pollution.”可知，关于气温上升的原因仍需进一步研究。故选A。
A
题型2 推理判断题
推理判断题属于深层次的阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
推理判断题选项的特点：
正确选项特征：
①是根据原文推断出的内容，不是原文直接呈现的内容，多为表层含义的延伸；
②一般不含有表示绝对概念的字眼，而通常含有usually、may、some、probably、be likely to、about、can、possibly等词语。
干扰选项特征：
①文章中直接用于表达细节的信息，而不是推断的结论；
②文章中无关紧要或推出的片面结论；
③与文章内容完全相反的结论或是不合常理、颠倒逻辑的结论。
技法1 隐含推断题——逻辑分析推隐含
推断隐含意义类的题目要求考生根据文章中的信息(某个或某些句子、段落或全文的信息)进行合理的、适度的逻辑推断，推断出作者没有直接说明的内容、可能会发生的事情或者事物的特征等，理解作者的言外之意或深层含义。
常见设问方式有：
·What can we infer/learn about...from the last/first/...paragraph
·What does the author indicate/want to say/want to show by...
·The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________．
[典例1] (2025·全国一卷阅读C)．..Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
30．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A．They boosted the sales of cars.
B．They turned out largely ineffective.
C．They won government support.
D．They advocated building new parks.
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s”。
第二步 寻信息句：根据关键句“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.”可知，尽管有这些运动， 但是大多数西方城市还是围绕汽车的需求进行彻底的重新设计， 路上的汽车数量猛增。
解题流程
第三步 揣摩含义：城市规划仍以道路为中心，故推断这些运动基本上是无效的。
参考答案：__
B
图解技法
技法2 观点态度题——依据措辞定态度
观点态度题往往要求考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事(物)所持的观点、态度，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一般分为三大类：
①支持、赞同、乐观；
②客观、中立、公正；
③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。
常见设问方式有：
·What is the author's/sb's attitude towards...
·What do the researchers/author think of...
·How does the author/sb find/feel about...
[典例2] (2024·全国甲卷阅读C)Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year，the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks，before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给)．Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”
31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A．Appreciative.
B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Cautious.
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services”。
第二步 寻信息句： 根据关键信息定位信息1：“I was very impressed by the doctors”，形容词impressed，说明Ducke对医生和他们的助手的工作印象深刻；信息2：“living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned”，形容词little和focused and very concerned，说明医生和助手虽然住在如此狭小的空间里，但仍然保持专注和关切； 信息3：“They were the best chance”，名词短语the best chance，说明他们能提供专业的治疗。
解题流程
第三步 归纳人物态度：综上可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务是感激的。
参考答案：__
A
图解技法
技法3 写作意图题——文体特点推意图
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
常见设问方式有：
·What is the purpose of the passage
·What does the writer use the example of...to do
·What does the story/the writer of the story intend to/want to tell us
· For what purpose did the author write the passage
[典例3] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives，we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future，and this is where AI by Design：A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革)．
In the wrong hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but，thankfully，Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，AI is already super-smart and will become more capable，moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there，Campbell says，will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence，or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking，followed by global regulation，will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all，and if you only read one book on the subject，this is it.
35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert
第一步 看文体：本文以“书”为对象，阐述了作者对这本书的评价，由此可推知，本文是一篇书评。
第二步 明主旨：Para.1：总体介绍了新书《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计划》；Para.2：介绍了本书作者的背景和写作特点；Paras.3－4：概述了书中的主要论点及其意义；Para.5：再次强烈推荐这本书。根据各段主旨可知，本文介绍了《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计划》这本书的内容并作了评价。
第三步 作判断：作者写这篇文章是为了推荐一本有关AI的书。
参考答案：___
解题流程
A
图解技法
技法4 文章类型/出处题、读者对象题——内容细节巧判断
文章类型/出处题、读者对象题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的类型/出处和读者对象。读者对象题要求考生根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象。
常见设问方式有：
·From which is the passage probably taken
·Where can the text be found/is the text probably taken from
·The passage is probably intended for...
·What is the passage
[典例4] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists' representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this“book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to．
28．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book.
B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum.
D．A review of modern paintings.
第一步 找关键词：题干中的关键信息为“where”和“is...taken from”。
第二步 寻信息句： 根据关键信息可知本题考查文章出处。可以通过看内容或看关键词来快速解此类题。
第三步 比对答案： 根据第一段第一句“Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration...three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books，’ artworks are selected and arranged...”可知，这本书展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，且本文主要是对该书内容的介绍，故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。
参考答案：____
解题流程
A
图解技法
A
Gukesh Dommaraju, from Chennai, India, has been playing chess since he was about 7 years old and turned professional at 10. By 12, he became a chess grandmaster, the highest title a chess player can reach. Over the last few years, he has had numerous successes. In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.
跟踪
训练
The world chess champion is decided by a series of 14 games between the champion and the challenger. Players earn 1 point for winning a game and a half point for every drawn (tied) game. To win, a player must earn 7.5 points.
Even though Ding was the world champion, many people thought Gukesh might win, as Ding had been struggling, with no wins since January. Despite this, Ding quickly took the lead by winning the first game. However, Gukesh began to play better, winning Game 3 and continuing to perform well. The players tied every game after that until Gukesh won Game 11.Ding then took Game 12. After Game 13 ended in a draw, the match was tied at 7.5 points each, setting up the final game as the decider. In the last game, Gukesh and Ding played for almost five hours.
On the 55th move, Ding made a serious mistake, which left him “totally in shock”. This allowed Gukesh to exchange some pieces and gain an advantage, leading to his victory. Ding congratulated the new champion, and Gukesh was so happy that he cried.
Many people have congratulated Gukesh on his victory. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that Gukesh's victory had “inspired millions of young minds to dream big”．
Despite being the world champion, Gukesh remains focused on improving his game. “Becoming the world champion does not mean I am the best player，” he said. He hopes one day to be as strong a chess player as Magnus Carlsen, who was world champion for 10 years and is still ranked No.1 in the world.
语境猜词：
①numerous(派生)＝number＋后缀-ous ____________________
②victorious(派生)＝victory＋后缀-ious ________________
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了印度棋手Gukesh Dommaraju成为世界冠军的历程。
1．What earned Gukesh the chance to challenge Ding
A．The highest title he has reached.
B．His passion for playing chess.
C．Winning Candidates Tournament.
D．The age at which he competed.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.”可知，Gukesh赢得了候选人锦标赛，获得了挑战世界冠军丁立人的机会。故选C。
2．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．The game was fiercely contested.
B．Gukesh had an advantage over Ding.
C．Gukesh and Ding got the same final point.
D．Ding made no wins in the whole game.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，这场比赛竞争十分激烈。故选A。
3．Which of the following can best describe Gukesh
A．Generous and caring. B．Humble and inspiring.
C．Confident and outgoing. D．Humorous and determined.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Becoming the world champion does not mean I am the best player”可知，即使成为世界冠军，他仍然很谦虚；根据第五段中“Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that Gukesh's victory had ‘inspired millions of young minds to dream big’．”可知，印度总理认为Gukesh的胜利“激励了数百万年轻人敢于梦想”。由此可推知，Gukesh的胜利是鼓舞人心的。故选B。
4．What does the text mainly highlight about Gukesh
A．The impact of his victory on young minds.
B．The importance of his early training in chess.
C．The journey of his becoming a world champion.
D．The strategies used by him to defeat Ding Liren.
解析：C 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In April 2024, he emerged victorious in the Candidates Tournament, qualifying him to challenge the world champion, Ding Liren.”以及本文主要讲述了来自印度金奈的Gukesh Dommaraju从七岁开始学习国际象棋，十岁时成为职业棋手，十二岁时成为国际象棋特级大师，并在2024年4月赢得了候选人锦标赛，获得了挑战世界冠军丁立人的机会，最终经过激烈的竞争，战胜了丁立人，成为新的世界冠军的故事。由此可知，本文主要讲述了Gukesh成为世界冠军的历程。故选C。
B
(2025·四川省高三质量联合测评)In his new biography of Robert Crumb, Dan Nadel, a comics (漫画) expert, writes that his subject agreed to participate in the project under one condition: “that I be honest about his faults, look closely at his urges, and examine the racially charged aspects of his work.” Crumb, honest in his work as an underground comics pioneer, expected the same from his biographer. And Nadel fulfilled.
That doesn't mean Crumb: A Cartoonist's life is a hatchet job. Far from it, Nadel expresses intense admiration for Crumb's art and deep sympathy for his troubled upbringing. Nadel tracks Crumb's artistic progress, from working with his brother Charles on adolescent comics influenced by childhood heroes like Carl Barks and John Stanley, to designing greeting cards for American Greetings, and finally to sinking into a boundless release of subconscious chaos.
When it comes time to explore Crumb's problematic representations of black people, Nadel neither excuses the artist nor issues simple criticism. Crumb's work often embraced the racist prejudices he absorbed from his white, postwar American upbringing, and his art was an unpleasant reflection of those influences. According to Nadel, essentially it is both prejudiced and blaming, pointing fingers at himself, the reader and the entire culture, and there are never happy endings in Crumb Land.
Nor happy beginnings. Crumb was born in 1943 in Philadelphia, the youngest of five children in a family marked by mental illness and frequent moves. This instability shaped his early life and created a sense of disconnection that would last throughout his career.
Nadel also investigates Crumb's later years, including his time in San Francisco, where he became a major figure in the counterculture, but always kept questioning it. Crumb's fame grew, but he continued to refuse to be categorized, seeing himself as separate from the very culture that celebrated him.
Generously illustrated with work throughout Crumb's career, Crumb is an artist biography that connects the work to the life story without forcing or simplifying anything. It works as cultural history; you won't find a sharper analysis of the underground comics movement. Nadel honors the complexity of his subject, even, perhaps particularly, when it gets ugly.
语境猜词：
①subconscious (派生)＝sub-(前缀)＋conscious ________________
②problematic (派生)＝problem＋后缀-atic ________________
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍丹·纳德尔为漫画先驱罗伯特·克拉姆所著传记的内容。
5．What does the underlined phrase “a hatchet job” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．A careless analysis. B．A confusing overview.
C．A cruel attack. D．A failed experiment.
解析：C 词义猜测题。根据第二段“Far from it, Nadel expresses intense admiration for Crumb's art and deep sympathy for his troubled upbringing.”可知，画线短语与后文“钦佩与同情”语义相反，结合前文“诚实探讨缺点”的语境，可推断a hatchet job意为“恶意攻击”。故选C。
6．How does Nadel approach Crumb's representations of black people
A．He embraces the sad endings.
B．He defends Crumb's artistic freedom.
C．He acknowledges racism and criticism.
D．He separates Crumb's views from his art.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段“When it comes time to...nor issues simple criticism.”及“According to Nadel, essentially it is...endings in Crumb Land.”可知，纳德尔承认其作品中的种族主义问题并加以评论。故选C。
7．What was Crumb's relationship with the counterculture
A．He was doubtful yet part of it.
B．He was angry yet influential in it.
C．He was interested yet rejected by it.
D．He was respectful yet distanced from it.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Nadel also investigates Crumb's later...counterculture, but always kept questioning it.”可知，克拉姆既是反主流文化的一部分，又对其持怀疑态度。故选A。
8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To analyze the underground comics movement.
B．To recommend a book on a comics pioneer.
C．To examine the influence of upbringing on art.
D．To honor the friendship with a former colleague.
解析：B 写作意图题。通读全文，尤其最后一段可知，全文围绕传记“Crumb: A Cartoonist's Life”展开，介绍其对克拉姆艺术生涯、争议及成长背景的呈现，并评价其作为文化史和地下漫画运动分析的价值，作者不仅是介绍了这本人物传记，也表达了对本传记的欣赏和推荐。故选B。
语境猜词答案：
A①adj.众多的，许多的 ②adj.获胜的，胜利的
B①adj.潜意识的；下意识的 ②adj.有问题的；造成麻烦的
训练3 隐含推断、写作意图题
(建议用时：25分钟 总分：30分)
阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A
(2025·石家庄市教学质量检测)
When Glen Coupland was first practising yoga more than 25 years ago, it was to get active and boost his own fitness. Now, at the age of 78, Glen is a yoga teacher at five locations around Toronto, teaching 17 classes a week. And he's built a community of students who gather weekly to practise and socialize. “It's really nice to see people build friendships here，” he says.
限时规范
训练3-4
Nancy，56, has been practising yoga with Coupland for about a decade, and she says why she keeps coming back is the community. She's become friends with Coupland and her fellow students: they go cycling, meet up for tea, go hiking, even go on vacation together.
“Social isolation is the new smoking, in terms of death rate，” says Dr Alexandra Papaioannou, director of the Geras Centre for Aging Research. “Older adults tend to have fewer social ties. As seniors leave the work force, they're not getting that daily connection. Plus, family members may not live near and spouses (配偶) may have passed away，” she adds.
A study published by the Journal of Aging Health found that loneliness and social isolation could lead to higher chances of depression and weakened thinking abilities, greater risks of heart diseases, memory loss, and a reduced quality of life.
Another study found that older adults who exercised with others demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those who didn't exercise at all or exercised alone. And compared with those who exercised alone, older adults who participated in group fitness had significantly better muscle strength, attention, memory and overall function.
For seniors, group fitness classes are a good way of getting much-needed exercise and an opportunity to socialize.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对于老年人来说，团体健身课程不仅是获得必要锻炼的好方式，也是社交的机会，文中通过具体事例及研究说明社交隔离对老年人健康的危害以及团体锻炼对老年人健康的益处。
1．What's the main reason for Nancy to keep practising yoga with Glen Coupland？( )
A．To become a yoga teacher.
B．To improve her fitness.
C．To enjoy a sense of belonging.
D．To serve the community.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nancy, 56, has been...back is the community.” 可知南希坚持和格伦·库普兰练习瑜伽主要是为了享受一种归属感。故选C。
C
2．What can we learn from Dr Alexandra Papaioannou's words？
( )
A．Seniors living alone tend to smoke more.
B．Lack of social ties causes more smoking.
C．Seniors need avoid smoking to live longer.
D．Social isolation is as dangerous as smoking.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Social isolation is the new smoking, in terms of death rate”可推知，社会隔离和吸烟一样危险。故选D
D
3．What can we conclude from the two studies？( )
A．Group exercise helps fight health risks.
B．Group activities can cure mental diseases.
C．Better physical condition can improve memory.
D．Social bonds have little impact on mental health.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四、五段可推知，团体锻炼有助于对抗健康风险。故选A。
A
4．Which column of a website is the text probably taken from？( )
A．Entertainment. B．Wellness.
C．Fashion. D．Culture.
解析：B 文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了对于老年人来说，团体健身课程不仅是获得必要锻炼的好方式，也是社交的机会，文中通过具体事例及研究说明社交隔离对老年人健康的危害以及团体锻炼对老年人健康的益处。文章内容与健康养生相关。所以这篇文章可能来自网站的健康专栏。故选B。
B
B
(2025·贵阳市七校联考)
Recently, we've interacted more and more with chatbots and other programs that use natural language processing and generative artificial intelligence to simulate conversation. And there's a lot we want to know. How do chatbots generate their answers to our questions How and where do they get their information Could a chatbot ever form a genuine connection with a human And at what point might the chatbot itself seem human
These are the questions the cartoonist and writer Amy Kurzweil brings to Artificial: A Love Story, a graphic memoir that takes a heartfelt look at the technological dimensions of human connection. Kurzweil's perspective and storytelling shows her close relationship with her father, computer scientist and inventor Ray Kurzweil, who has long predicted the eventual merging of human and machine.
At its core, Artificial is an intimate story about how we preserve the bonds of family and the meaning of heritage across physical and temporal distances. Kurzweil narrates the life of her grandfather, Fritz “Fred” Kurzweil, who died when Ray was only 22.
Now Fred is coming back to life, in a way, through AI. His memories, pieced together through personal letters and documentation, have become data, fed to an algorithm for Ray Kurzweil's latest invention: Fredbot, a chatbot that will write in the voice of his father. Amy Kurzweil, who was tasked with gathering and digitizing thousands of old, often handwritten documents, brings a keen eye to her illustrations, contrasting the ambitious goals of her father's project and the mundanity of sifting through file after file, box after box, in a family storage unit. Throughout the narrative, she thinks about the meaning not only of these materials but also of the digital relics of our everyday lives.
Human presence is powerful, yet it is also fleeting. It can arise through the technologies we use to connect with others but is subject to the mistakes of memory and perspective. Kurzweil expresses a growing understanding of her family's legacy and how it has influenced her life as an artist and her relationships.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Artificial：A Love Story一书，通过讲述Amy Kurzweil利用AI技术重现祖父记忆的故事，深刻探讨了科技时代下人类情感的纽带与传承。
5．What is the main topic of Artificial: A Love Story？( )
A．The prediction of the merging of human and machine.
B．The exploration of human bond in technological age.
C．The development of chatbots and AI technology.
D．The life story of Amy Kurzweil and his father.
解析：B 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第三段内容可知，Artificial：A Love Story这本书主要探讨的是科技时代下的人类情感纽带。故选B。
B
6．What can we infer about Fredbot？( )
A．It physically resembles Fred.
B．It uses AI to write in Fred's voice.
C．It simulates the personality of Fred.
D．It narrates the story of Amy's father.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“His memories, pieced together...write in the voice of his father.”可知，Fredbot是一个使用AI技术，以Fred的声音写作的聊天机器人。故选B。
B
7．What does the word “mundanity” in paragraph 4 refer to？( )
A．The excitement of a new project.
B．The challenge of downloading files.
C．The boredom of sorting documents.
D．The creativity of illustrating a story.
解析：C 词义猜测题。 “mundanity”出现在描述Amy Kurzweil整理文件的过程中，与“the ambitious goals of her father's project”形成对比，可以推断出“mundanity”指的是整理文件的无聊和乏味。故选C。
C
8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text？( )
A．To criticize the use of technology.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To introduce a new chatbot invention.
D．To reflect on the impact of technology.
解析：D 写作意图题。根据第一段对聊天机器人的讨论和后续对Artificial：A Love Story一书的介绍，可以推断出作者主要想反映科技对人类生活的影响。故选D。
D
C
(2025·常州模拟)
We all recognize the “Bluetooth” brand, but we take for granted its significance and how much it impacts our lives. From smartphones to headphones and beyond, we rely on Bluetooth technology to free us from the tether (绳或链) of wired tech.
While the wireless technology has become an essential part of everyday life, not many people have given much thought to the inspiration behind the iconic Bluetooth name and logo. For how innovative the technology, the name doesn't sound technological. It's not an acronym (首字母缩略词) and doesn't stand for anything. So what does it mean
Surprisingly, the name dates back to King Harald “Bluetooth” Gormsson who was well known for two things: Uniting Denmark and Norway in 958. His dead tooth, which was a dark blue/grey color, earned him the nickname Bluetooth. His nickname comes from the extreme amount of blueberries he ate, staining his teeth.
In 1996, three industry leaders, Intel, Ericsson, and Nokia, met to plan the standardization of this short-range radio technology to support connectivity and collaboration between different products and industries.
During this meeting, Jim Kardach from Intel suggested Bluetooth as a temporary code name. Kardach was later quoted as saying, “King Harald ‘Bluetooth’．..was famous for uniting Scandinavia just as we intended to unite the PC and cellular industries with a short-range wireless link.”
Bluetooth was only intended as a temporary name until marketing could come up with something really cool. Later, when it came time to select a serious name, Bluetooth was to be replaced with either RadioWire or PAN (Personal Area Networking). PAN was the front runner, but an exhaustive search discovered it already had tens of thousands of hits throughout the Internet.
A full trademark search on RadioWire couldn't be completed in time for launch, making Bluetooth the only choice. The name caught__on fast and before it could be changed, it spread throughout the industry, becoming synonymous with short-range wireless technology.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。“蓝牙”这个词大家都不陌生，可是，你知道它的来历吗？
9．What do we know about the name “Bluetooth”？( )
A．It stands for high technology.
B．It dates back nearly 1，000 years.
C．It comes from a king's nickname.
D．It contains initial letters of some words.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，“蓝牙”这一名称既没有科技感，也不是首字母缩略词，它可以追溯到十世纪的Harald “Bluetooth” Gormsson国王，他在公元958年统一了丹麦和挪威。故C项正确。
C
10．What made Jim Kardach think of King Harald “Bluetooth”？( )
A．His uniting Scandinavia.
B．His having a blue tooth.
C．His interest in blueberries.
D．His passion for technology.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Jim Kardach之所以想到了Harald “Bluetooth”国王，是因为该国王以统一斯堪的纳维亚半岛而闻名，而这几家科技公司打算用短距离无线连接技术将个人电脑和手机连接起来。故A项正确。
A
11．Why was “Bluetooth” selected in the end？( )
A．It was very serious and formal.
B．It sounded cool and fashionable.
C．There were many supporters.
D．There were no better choices.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，Bluetooth本来只是Jim Kardach等人临时使用的一个名字，后来他们想出了更正式的名字RadioWire和PAN，可惜已被使用；由于他们没有时间再想更合适的名字，所以就继续沿用了Bluetooth。故D项正确。
D
12．What does the underlined phrase “caught on” in the last paragraph mean？( )
A．Became suitable.
B．Became popular.
C．Became important.
D．Became interesting.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文信息“it spread throughout the industry”可知，Bluetooth这个名字很快就在行业里被广泛传播，也就是迅速流行起来。故B项正确。
B
训练4 观点态度、文章类型/出处、读者对象题
(建议用时：25分钟 总分：27.5分)
阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A
(2025·湖北省新高考信息卷)
One-Day Barossa Valley Wine Tour
Enjoy some of the best food and wine in Australia while soaking up rolling hills and charming villages. The Barossa Valley Wine Tour is perfect for keen culture lovers, or those just looking to test their taste buds.
Important Information
Tour Details Available Fares
Depart time: 9：00 a．m. Adult from: $179
Return time: 5：30 p．m. Child from: $179
We don't carry children under five years on this tour. There are no children's activities and those under 18 years are not permitted to sample any alcohol.
Itinerary (行程)
Order Location Specialty
1 Kies Family
Wines Award-winning blends and strong family values
2 Tanunda Charming township with specialty shops and picturesque scenery
3 Turkey Flat
Vineyards A tasting session of wines from old plantings, delicate platter lunch with local produce
4 Mengler's Hill Breathtaking lookout with expansive views of the region
5 Rosenvale
Vineyards Biodynamic family-owned winery (酒庄), delicious Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon
6 Seppeltsfield Iconic date palms for photo opportunity
What's included
Wine tasting at three wineries
Delicious platter style lunch of regional produce
All entrance fees
Adelaide CBD and Glenelg pick-up and drop-off
Friendly and informative tour guide
Air-conditioned transport
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为期一天的巴罗萨谷葡萄酒之旅。
1．What can tourists do during the One-Day Tour？( )
A．Process wines in old plantings.
B．Visit two family-owned wineries.
C．Try low-alcohol drinks with kids.
D．Enter Seppeltsfield with extra fees.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据行程表中的第一项Kies Family Wines 和“Award-winning blends and strong family values”可知，这也是家族酒庄。由此可知，游客会参观两个家族酒庄。故选B。
B
2．What is the feature of the One-Day Tour？( )
A．Pick-up services are offered anywhere.
B．Children under five can travel for free.
C．Immersive experiences are stressed.
D．Activities for children are arranged.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据What's included？部分中的内容可知，游客可以在3个酒庄品酒，还可以吃到带有地方特色的农产品，导游也见闻广博，由此可见，该一日游强调沉浸式体验。故选C。
C
3．Whom is the One-Day Tour intended for？( )
A．General readers. B．History lovers.
C．Photographers. D．Businessmen.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The Barossa Valley Wine Tour...test their taste buds.”可知，该一日游适合文化爱好者参加，也适合那些单纯想要测试自己味蕾的人，可见，它的受众就是一般读者，不局限于特定群体。故选A。
A
B
(2025·广东省部分学校联考)
Searching for a way to breathe life into overlooked objects and forgotten events, Erin started her career working in museums. Before long, she found herself writing a resource manual (使用手册) for teachers, leading school tours, and engaging students in interactive programs. She realized that the enthusiasm she saw on field trips was missing in too many classrooms, and she decided to do something about it.
For the past eight years, Erin has taught social studies in the Milwaukee area. Her mission is not only to raise and develop curiosity about the past, but also to motivate students to update their knowledge in the present.
One day, an eighth grader complained that the reading assignment from a history textbook was inaccurate. If you're a teacher, that kind of criticism could be a headache. Using an outdated textbook would be a sign that you don't know your material, and it would be embarrassing if your students noticed the error before you did.
But Erin had assigned that particular reading intentionally. She collects old history books because she enjoys seeing how the stories we tell change over time, and she decided to give her students part of a textbook from 1940. Some of them just accepted the information it presented without critical thinking. Through years of education, they had come to take it for granted that textbooks told the truth. Others were shocked by errors and omissions (删减). It was rooted in their minds that their readings were filled with undeniable facts. The lesson led them to start thinking like scientists and questioning what they were learning: Whose story was included, whose was excluded, and what were they missing if only one or two viewpoints were shared After opening her students' eyes to the fact that knowledge can get updated, Erin's next step was to show them that it's always changing and developing.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了Erin如何通过创新的教学方法激发学生对历史的兴趣和提升学生的批判性思维能力。
4．What inspired Erin to want to make a difference？( )
A．Students' lack of passion in class.
B．Her working experience in museum.
C．The outdated textbooks used in schools.
D．The eagerness to explore forgotten events.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段的“She realized that...something about it.”可知，Erin在博物馆工作时，发现学生们在实地考察中表现出的热情在课堂上却常常缺失。由此可推知，是学生在课堂上缺乏热情激发了Erin想要做出改变。故选A。
A
5．What may make a teacher awkward according to paragraph 3？( )
A．Teaching with only one viewpoint.
B．Failing to answer students' questions.
C．Students knowing more than the teacher.
D．Students finding mistakes before teachers do.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Using an outdated textbook...error before you did.”可知，如果学生在老师之前发现教科书中的错误，这会让老师感到尴尬。故选D。
D
6．Why did Erin make her students read old history books？( )
A．To help them admire history.
B．To prepare them for a history quiz.
C．To develop students' critical thinking.
D．To teach them how to fix errors in textbooks.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Erin让学生读旧历史书，一些学生不加批判地接受信息，而另一些学生对书中内容的错误和删减感到震惊，这节课让他们开始像科学家一样思考并质疑所学内容，由此可推断出，Erin让学生读旧历史书是为了培养学生的批判性思维。故选C。
C
7．Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from？( )
A．History Facts.
B．Scientific Findings.
C．Education Innovations.
D．Career Development.
解析：C 文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“She realized that...something about it.”可知，文章主要讲述了Erin发现学生在课堂上缺乏热情的问题，然后通过让学生读旧历史书培养他们的批判性思维，这是一种教育创新。所以文章可能来自杂志的“教育创新”专栏。故选C。
C
C
(2025·江西省南昌市二模)
James Hansen, the climate scientist best known for warning the US Congress about global warming in the 1980s, has strengthened his message that we are underestimating the climate impact of declining air pollution.
“Reducing air pollution is essential for health and environment, but we have to understand its complex relationship with climate change when we used aerosols (气溶胶) to cancel out almost half of greenhouse gas warming，” said Hansen at a United Nations Sustainable Development Network briefing.
Record rises in global temperatures in 2023 and 2024 have led to debate about whether global warming is accelerating faster than expected. Hansen and colleagues previously linked this acceleration with reduced air pollution. Now they offer a new analysis suggesting declining air pollution can explain recent temperature increases. Aerosols in air pollution reflect sunlight away from Earth and affect cloud properties.
A 2020 shipping regulation controlling sulphur (硫磺) emissions provided critical evidence: in Pacific shipping routes, reduced aerosols allowed 0.5 watts of additional heat per square meter to reach Earth, equal to a decade's worth of current CO2 emissions. This suggests aerosols previously masked up to half of greenhouse warming. Hansen warns such findings imply climate sensitivity is far higher than estimated, and argues the world is more rapidly approaching climate tipping points.
However, many scientists have mixed views. Michael Diamond at Florida State University notes Hansen's 0.5-watt estimate is “at the extreme edge of plausibility (合理性)，” while NASA's Gavin Schmidt argues the number is “very likely an overestimate”．
A change in aerosols may not even be necessary to explain the temperature rise, says Shiv Priyam Raghuraman at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign—he previously found it can be explained by changes in Pacific Ocean temperatures alone. He says more work is needed to understand the warming effects of aerosols before we put the blame on reduced air pollution. “At least, reducing air pollution remains vital nowadays.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是气候学家詹姆斯·汉森关于减少空气污染对气候影响的警告，并探讨了气溶胶与全球变暖之间的复杂关系及其科学争议。
8．What's Hansen's warning about？( )
A．The misconception of greenhouse gases.
B．The influence of air pollution reduction.
C．The necessity of declining air pollution.
D．The results of continuing global warming.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，汉森指出，减少空气污染对健康和环境至关重要，但需要注意其与气候变化的复杂关系，由此可知，汉森的警告主要集中在减少空气污染对气候的影响。故选B。
B
9．Why does the author mention the 2020 shipping regulation？( )
A．To urge the government to reduce air pollution.
B．To stress aerosols' impact on greenhouse warming.
C．To explain the change of present climate.
D．To praise the regulations on sulphur emissions.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A 2020 shipping regulation...worth of current CO2 emissions.”可知，作者提到2020年的航运法规是为了强调气溶胶对温室效应的影响。故选B。
B
10．What is Michael Diamond's attitude towards Hansen's 0.5-watt estimate？( )
A．Supportive. B．Indistinct.
C．Respectful. D．Doubtful.
解析：D 观点态度题。根据第五段中的“Michael Diamond at Florida State University...number is ‘very likely an overestimate’．”可知，迈克尔·戴蒙德指出，汉森提出的0.5瓦估计值“处于合理性的极端边缘”，由此可推断，迈克尔·戴蒙德对汉森的估计持怀疑态度。故选D。
D
11．What can be inferred about the temperature rise from the last paragraph？( )
A．Further research is demanded.
B．Aerosols are the decisive factor.
C．Previous studies are ineffective.
D．Pacific Ocean temperatures count most.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He says more work...air pollution.”可知，关于气温上升的原因仍需进一步研究。故选A。
A