【期末考点培优】专题12 阅读理解-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册期末复习考点培优牛津上海版（试用本）（含答案解析）

/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年九年级英语上册期末复习考点培优牛津上海版
（试用本）专题12 阅读理解
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
If you have a dog, you’ve probably seen it yawn (打哈欠) many times. Dog yawning looks funny and cute, but have you ever wondered why dogs yawn
Dogs yawn mainly when they are tired, though scientists still don’t fully understand why yawning happens. “Yawning helps relax face muscles (肌肉) and wake up tired dogs,” says Dr. Katy Nelson, a doctor at an animal hospital. At the same time, yawning increases blood flow (流动) in the head, neck, and face. By sending more oxygen (O2) to the brain, it helps dogs stay awake and keep a clear mind.
What’s more, dogs yawn when they are worried, scared, or excited. For example, when a dog visits the vet or hears a loud sound, it may yawn again and again. This helps the dog stay calm and relaxed. In addition, when two dogs meet on the street and one yawns, it is a friendly greeting. It shows the other dog, “I want to be friends.” In this case, yawning is like a handshake between humans.
Another interesting reason is that dogs can “catch” yawns from people they love. That means when owners yawn, their dogs may yawn, too. Scientists have found that dogs are more likely to catch yawns from people they feel close to, not from strangers. This shows a close relationship between dogs and their humans. Dogs can feel our emotions and react (作出反应) to them, just like close friends.
In short, dog yawning is not only a simple action but also a way to communicate with us. By paying attention to when and where dogs yawn, we can better understand their health and feelings. For example, if a dog yawns during play or training, it might be a sign that it feels stressed or needs a rest. In that case, stopping for a break or using a gentle voice can help the dog feel safe again. Watching closely allows us to see when they are tired, nervous, or just trying to say hello. In this way, we can take better care of our furry (皮毛的) friends.
1．According to Paragraph 2, what is good about dogs’ yawning
A．It makes dogs run faster and jump higher. B．It wakes up dogs naturally in the morning.
C．It relaxes muscles and increases blood flow. D．It takes oxygen from the brain and helps rest.
2．How does the writer support the idea in Paragraph 3
A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions.
C．By listing numbers. D．By showing opinions.
3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．Dogs often sleep next to their owners to feel safe.
B．Dogs become more active when they see strangers.
C．Dogs copy their owners’ yawns to show closeness.
D．Dogs use yawns to make friends with other animals.
4．What is the structure of the text
A． B． C． D．
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Learning English is important for many reasons. It can help you communicate with people from all over the world. 5 Here are some tips to help you learn English well.
First, practice speaking English every day. 6 You can talk to your English teacher, your classmates or even your family members. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Mistakes are part of the learning process.
Second, read English as much as possible. 7 You can read English newspapers, magazines, storybooks or even online articles. Reading can help you learn new words and improve your grammar.
Third, listen to English every day. You can listen to English songs, English radio programs or English movies. 8 This can help you improve your pronunciation and listening skills.
Fourth, keep an English diary. Write down your thoughts, feelings or daily activities in English. 9 This can help you improve your writing skills and remember new words.
Remember, learning English takes time and effort. Don’t give up easily. With practice, you will become better at English.
A．Speaking is an important skill in English learning.
B．It can also help you get better job opportunities in the future.
C．You can use your English dictionary to check new words.
D．Watching English movies with subtitles is a good way.
E．You should always speak English in class.
F．This can help you practice using English in real life.
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项仅使用一次。
Now students’ English handwriting (书写) gets worse and worse. That makes their teachers feel worried. Is your English handwriting beautiful 10 Use paper with lines
When you write English words or sentences, you can use paper with lines. That will make your handwriting straight. 11 Be sure to fill the lined space completely. And make sure these capital letters (大写字母) are written properly.Slow down
If your writing is hard to read, just slow down a little. 12 If you write too quickly, it’s hard for you to stop where you should, and you may make more mistakes easily.Hold your pencil right.
When you hold your pencil in the correct way, writing is much better. Some kids press down really hard when they write. 13 Try to be relaxed and don’t hold the pencil so hard. Let your writing appear nice and clean. If you do so, people will guess you are a student with a good habit.Draw more pictures
14 While you are drawing pictures, you need to use the skills to control your pencil better. Even though you have no chance to draw at school, you can practice by drawing at home.
Handwriting is very important. Imagine if you are a famous movie star or a well-known sports player, what will you do when your fans run up to you Give them your autographs (亲笔签名). Of course!
A．If not, here are four steps that really work!
B．That makes the handwriting bad.
C．Drawing can improve your handwriting.
D．Going slower makes your handwriting clearer.
E．Those lines on the paper can help you to write words in the right size.
Habits get created in our brains kind of like the way a groove (沟) gets carved (被刻) into a path. Suppose you ride your bicycle on a path every day. The repeated pressure of your tires on the path wears a groove into it. In time, it’s hard not to ride in that groove. Your tires (轮胎) might even get stuck in it. It takes effort to keep your bicycle out of the groove.
Similarly, a habit is carved into your brain. When you do something the same way repeatedly, your brain notices. “Oh, this is what we do when we’re avoiding homework We can pick up the phone. Got it!” You get “into the habit” of doing something.
You may even get a “prize” from the habit, at least at first. Your brain says, “Ah, fun and relaxation,” or, “I feel calmer, I like this.”
Little by little, it can seem as if you can’t seem to stop or control the habit. You may not know how to get the rewards you want without it.
▲ One way is just to notice them at first. Think about what rewards they give you. Joy Escape Activity when you’re bored What do you get out of a habit, or what does it help you avoid
Then think about if you can get the rewards in other ways, without the downsides you don’t want. For example, instead of avoiding homework, you might deal with the challenge and feel the reward of getting it done! Notice how great it feels when you don’t have it weighing you down. Next time, remind yourself of that great feeling of the pride you felt—when you broke your habit.
When a habit tempts (诱惑) you, take a deep breath. Remind yourself of your goal. Tell your brain, “You’ve got this.” Because, with effort and maybe some help, you can make your bicycle stay out of the groove. You may even decide to ride down a different path.
15．What does it refer to in Para.1
A．The path. B．The groove. C．The bicycle. D．The pressure.
16．What influences do habits have on us at first
A．They quickly become uncontrollable.
B．They help us avoid challenging tasks at once.
C．They change the way our brain works over time.
D．They give us pleasant feelings like fun or relaxation.
17．Which of the following sentences can be put into “ ▲ ”
A．But you can control your habits! B．Habits develop without your attention.
C．Breaking habits needs little effort. D．Habits are likely hard to notice or change.
18．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．We can get rewards just from doing our homework.
B．We can hardly change the habits once they are formed.
C．We can ride our bikes in another way to avoid getting stuck.
D．We can see the bright sides of the challenges or break certain habits.
All of us may have experienced embarrassing moments. It could have been the time when you pronounced a simple word wrong in class, wore your T-shirt backwards, talked about someone else without realizing that they were right behind you, or secretly tried to take a picture of someone while the flash was on.
Though these embarrassing moments don’t harm us a lot, they come back from time to time and make us feel upset. Even if these moments may have faded (消失) after some time, we would always remember the feeling of strong embarrassment. In fact, these feelings may last for years. When these kinds of feelings return, they are known as a “cringe attack (羞愧综合征)”.
I personally get a quite uncomfortable feeling when I think back on a party my parents took me to when I was younger. I ate a bowl of strawberries by myself. My parents shouted at me in front of everyone—for being so selfish. From then on every time I put a strawberry into my mouth, my brain just throws that embarrassing scene back.
Why do these “cringe attacks” still pop up in our daily lives even though the actual events happened weeks, months, or even years ago According to researchers, our brains give special attention to feelings that can be easily noticed. The stronger the feeling is, the stronger the memory will be. If you have a highly embarrassing or highly emotional (情绪激动的) moment, no matter what it is, your brain will try to catch it.
So how can we deal with this Well, we can start by trying to be more objective (客观的) about our past selves. Consider that you are not alone in your embarrassment—everyone fails or makes silly, embarrassing mistakes. Instead of just trying to forget what we did, we should try to accept who we were at that moment and think about how we can change for the better.
19．The writer talks about his own experience in Paragraph 3 ________.
A．to show his love for strawberries
B．to give an example of cringe attacks
C．to explain that he was not really selfish
20．According to Paragraph 4, the more emotional we are, ________.
A．the more exciting life we will live
B．the shorter the event will stay in our memory
C．the better we will remember about the event
21．What’s the writer’s suggestion about dealing with embarrassing moments
A．Taking them seriously.
B．Just forgetting about them.
C．Trying to improve ourselves.
22．The structure of the passage may be ________.
A． B． C．
IAN DOG PARK The perfect place for dog training and general exercise Park rules: When you visit the Ian Dog Park, we want it to be an enjoyable experience for you and your pets. So we have a set of rules for all visitors. Don’t let your dog dig on the ground. No climbing on the fence (围栏). Don’t leave your dog alone at any time. Dogs are only allowed in the area that has been booked for them. Owners must pick up dog waste and put it in the bin (垃圾箱) provided on the way out. Opening hours: Summer hours: 7:00 am-7:00 pm (Mon.-Sun.) Winter hours: 8:00 am-5:00 pm (Mon.-Sun.)
（+44）077077670 XX Monday-Sunday: 7:00 am～7:00 pm info@ Email us anytime. Welcome to the park!
23．What are dogs allowed to do in Ian Dog Park
A．Staying with owners. B．Climbing over the fence.
C．Digging on the ground. D．Running around freely.
24．How long is the park open every day in winter
A．12 hours. B．11 hours. C．10 hours. D．9 hours.
25．How can people ask for more information about the park
A．Go to the park at 8:00 in the evening. B．Send an email to them on weekends.
C．Call them at 6:30 in the morning. D．Post the question on the website.
Each year many people get lost in the mountains. Losing one’s way in the forest can be an uneasy and terrible experience. However, if you find you’ve got lost, stop at once. In many cases, you will find that following your footsteps will bring you back to the road. If not, follow these steps:
Stay calm. If you get lost, panic is your greatest enemy. If you run wildly around, even for a little while, you could lose your sense of direction. Try to remember how you got to your present location.
Start marking. Leave marks wherever you go, so you can return. Also, if someone tries to rescue (营救) you, they will look for marks. So make as many of them as you can. On every turn, try to mark the direction you are taking. You got off the road, maybe ten minutes ago, so if you retrace (折回) more than that time, you know you are on the wrong way.
Stay put. Remember that if you can’t retrace your steps, then it’s better to just stay where you are and let the searchers find you. Sing loudly or shout for help when you hear others trying to find you. If you have a whistle (哨子), blow it. Moreover, stay in the open so they can find you easily. Do not hide in the unseen areas.
Follow down a river. It can be hard going but will often lead to a road. And you will finally come back to a village or a town.
26．If you CANNOT retrace your steps, what should you do to help the searchers find you
A．Hide in the unseen areas of the forest.
B．Sit down and wait quietly for a rescue.
C．Stay in the open and shout for help.
27．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．steps. B．marks C．locations.
28．What are the reasons for leaving marks
①To remember the way back.
②To help the searchers find you.
③To help find the river.
④To mark the direction you are taking.
A．①②④ B．①③④ C．①②③
29．What is the main idea of the passage
A．A common problem that many people face.
B．The greatest enemy when someone gets lost.
C．How to find your way out in forests.
Asking for directions is the first thing we need to do when we get to a different country. 30 Here are some ways for you.
Use greetings and polite expressions. 31 If you want to get a great answer, begin by saying “hello” first, and finish with “thank you” and “have a nice day”.
Examples: Excuse me, could you help me /Hello! May I ask for some help
32 You should know the basic (基础的) vocabulary (词汇) that can be used when getting directions. Try to remember places like High Park, Queen Street and words like traffic lights, bank, block (街区), etc.
Examples: It’s about two blocks away from here./Go along the street until you reach the traffic lights.
Learn the most commonly used prepositions (介词) and adverbs (副词). Some important prepositions to remember are between, next to and straight ahead. 33
Examples: The zoo is straight ahead./It’s between a bank and a post office.
Try to know some important landmarks (地标). 34 You can cut down (削减) on search time if you know what the important landmarks are.
Examples: It is next to the CN Tower!/Go past the Aquarium (水族馆) and then turn left.
A．Build your vocabulary.
B．Knowing where you are is the most important.
C．Every city in the world has its own landmarks.
D．Starting the conversation with a friendly greeting is a must.
E．Knowing how to ask for help can make our life much easier.
F．And the adverbs like “near”, “nearer”, and “nearest” are very useful when you need to find somewhere fast.
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Shyness is a kind of fear, People who are shy always worry too much about what people think of them or embarrassing themselves in some way in front of others, 35
Have a good posture (姿势).
The way a person holds themselves says a lot about that person. People with sloped (倾斜的) shoulders don’t think of themselves as important. So stand up straight, shoulders back, keep your head up, and make eye contact (接触). 36
Increase your walking speed.
You can tell if a person is confident by the way they walk. People who walk in a slow way, or look at the ground while walking usually have no confidence in themselves. 37 That is because they have important things to do, friends to meet, places to go, and so on. So walk a little faster, head held up, and look straight ahead.
38
Exercise increases your energy levels in the body. That will put you in a more positive (积极的) state of mind. By taking exercise, you will feel sure of yourself. It is better to do some exercise than just watch TV all day.
Do things that make you feel good about yourself.
This can be anything that you really like doing. For example, you can go to the theater, listen to music, travel and help someone out with a problem, etc.
A．Walking helps you a lot.
B．Do some exercise.
C．By practicing good posture, you will feel you have the ability to do things well.
D．How can we overcome shyness
E．People who have confidence in themselves walk faster.
In the heart of the city lies a local market, a place that offers a special shopping experience different from supermarkets. For many families, a Saturday trip to this market has become a tradition.
The market is divided into many different sections, and each offers its own specialties (特色商品). In the fresh produce area, farmers like Mr. Chen sell fruits and vegetables that are directly picked from their gardens. Unlike in supermarkets where produce is often prepackaged, customers here can even taste a cherry tomato or a piece of cucumber to see whether it is fresh or not. The bakery section, managed by Mr. Johnson, is located right next to the flower stalls (摊位). It fills the air with the warm smell of freshly baked bread and attracts many visitors every morning. For those interested in crafts, the handmade section shows plenty of special items. Local skilled craftsmen, some of whom are also part-time farmers, show their works here, such as delicate wooden toys and bamboo baskets. This area is quite popular with tourists who look for souvenirs.
Each family member finds something to enjoy. Children are often attracted to the bright flowers at Mrs. Lee’s stall, while parents discuss the best ingredients for the week’s meals with the friendly sellers. This direct interaction between buyers and sellers is a key feature of the market, creating a sense of community.
After finishing their shopping, many families choose to relax at a nearby cafe. They enjoy a drink and talk about what they’ve bought. The market is more than just a place to buy things; it serves as a social center where people connect, and a tradition that brings families together over the shared joy of fresh, local goods.
39．What is implied about the shopping experience in the fresh produce area
A．Food can be tasted for quality before buying.
B．It is the favorite place for children at the market.
C．Sellers there are less friendly than in supermarkets.
D．Products are better packaged than in supermarkets.
40．What can be inferred about Mr. Johnson’s bakery section
A．It is owned by a local fruit farmer.
B．It attracts people with its pleasant smell.
C．It is the first stop for every family’s visit.
D．It provides all the bread for the nearby cafe.
41．The underlined word “crafts” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to activities that involve ________.
A．making artistic items by hand B．helping farmers with their work
C．selling farm tools and fresh seeds D．using machines for mass production
42．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph
A．To show how families relax after shopping.
B．To emphasize the market’s role in social life.
C．To compare the market’s food with the cafe’s.
D．To advise on building more cafes near the market.
505 ratings (评论) 260+ bought in the past month
Price: 1500 Company: Rnabot Model name: CH-03 Ways to connect: Wireless (无线的) Special point: Clear night vision (视觉)
About this robot CH-03 is a robot that helps you stay in touch with your pets. It’s small and can move around in your house, so you can see your pets anytime you want. CH-03 lets you talk to your family or pets anytime. With your smartphone, they can hear you clearly through the robot’s speaker. CH-03 can be used by more than one person, so your family can use it together. CH-03 saves videos on a memory card (comes with 32 GB, up to 128 GB). You can download (下载) videos on your phone and share them online. It works well with iPhones and Android phones, but not with computers. What’s in the box: CH-03 robot×1, USB charger (充电器) ×1, Memory card (32GB) ×1, Instruction book×1
43．What is Rnabot CH-03
A．A moveable robot. B．A music speaker. C．An electronic pet. D．A smart phone.
44．What can Rnabot CH-03 do
A．Play with your pets. B．Check your pet’s health.
C．Cook food for your pets. D．Save videos of your pets.
45．Which of the following can you see in the box
A． B． C． D．
46．How many Rnabot CH-03 robots were bought in the past month
A．More than 150 B．More than 200 C．More than 260 D．More than 500
47．What can we get from the introduction of Rnabot CH-03
A．It’s blind at night. B．It connects in a wireless way.
C．It works well with computers. D．About 505 people like this product.
①When I was your age, my mom always told me, exactly is happiness Is it about having fun playing the latest online games Is it about getting the basketball shoes in fashion Is it about achieving our goal Is it a destination, or is it more like a road that never ends
②Is happiness on social media It surely seems that way. Take a look at the most popular platforms Weibo and Xiaohongshu. Youngsters love posting (发布) perfect pictures of their best moments on them to get a like from others. It usually takes them hours to make their pictures perfect and hours to reply to others’ comments. They do get a lot of likes from others but do these likes bring them joy Plenty of research has connected social media use to low moods. One U.S. study found that people who frequently check their social media are twice as likely to feel lonely.
③But when we share a happy moment, we must have felt happy. But over the years, I’ve come to discover and experience the something good happens, but after a while, we return to feeling the same as before. In other words, happiness doesn’t last for long. As the influences of one search of new sources of happiness.
④Happily, there’s still hope for us to find lasting happiness: It’s called (情感真实性) fear and sadness. It’s not easy, but when we are honest about our experiences, we build deeper and more meaningful connections with others. And those friendships bring us smiles that last much longer than any number of
⑤March 20th is World Happiness Day. Take it as a reminder that happiness isn’t about running after a picture-perfect life. Trying to be happy all the time is like trying to catch a unicorn (独角兽)—it’s just not going to happen. Instead, pay attention to your own journey and accept different feelings you’ll feel along the way.
48．What can we learn from Paragraph ②
A．The reasons why people love posting pictures online.
B．The influence of social media on users’ emotions.
C．How to avoid feeling lonely when using social media.
D．Which social media platforms are the most suitable for sharing life.
49．Which of the following line shows the
A．A B．B C．C D．D
50．What does the writer want to tell people with the unicorn analogy(比喻) in the last paragraph
A．It is easy to achieve a picture-perfect life if people keep trying.
B．Trying to be happy all the time is an impossible goal.
C．Unicorns are magical creatures that can bring long-lasting happiness.
D．People should spend more time pursuing different things to feel happy.
51．Which of the following shows the structure of this text
A． B． C． D．
If you only read novels or magazines, the reading speed may not be so important to you. But if you have to read a lot for study, you will look forward to having the ability of reading more quickly. 52
Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right place from your eyes. 53
Spend a few minutes looking through the book. Look at the table of contents (目录), the preface (前言), the title of each chapter (章) and so on. This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. 54
If you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. 55 A history book which includes stories will be easier to read than one about scientific subject. In the first one, you may be able to read a chapter. In the second one, you may only be able to read one page.
56 Make a note of any page which is of special importance. Write down the information which is important for your purpose as well as anything that leads you to further research. You don’t have to write all these things down. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words.
A．It’s necessary to read novels and magazines for your English studies.
B．Always keep a pencil and some paper beside you.
C．This depends on which kind of book you are reading.
D．Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E．Close your eyes and have a rest from time to time if you get tired.
F．Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid falling asleep.
G．Ten minutes spent in this way could save you much time in the future.
Do you ever feel like you are just running from one activity to another In school, do you rush from one subject to another When things happen so fast, you may easily get lost in what you are doing or learning. It is important to stop yourself every now and then to think about what you’ve been doing or learning.
Self-reflection means slowing down and calming yourself, including calming your mind. By being calm and going slowly, you give your brain a chance to look at the things it has already received. Here are some tips on self-reflection in your study.
Use natural breaks in your textbooks as chances to stop and reflect. School textbooks are often divided into units. Look for the times when you complete a unit of study in the subjects you are learning, such as math, social studies, science and art. Sometimes you know the unit is over because there is some kind of test.
Write down some notes on the new things that you learned in the unit. Let your mind think about the notes you have written and make some connections (连接). Having lots of connections allows your brain to quickly get back information when you need it again.
Next, think about things that you are unsure of. For example, maybe you learned about a certain body system, but you’re not sure how it works together with the other body systems. Writing down your questions will help you remember to look for answers the next time you are working with the same topic.
Self-reflection is a very important skill for a successful student. If you have never taken the time to reflect, try it now.
57．What does the underlined word “self-reflection” mean
A．自我欣赏 B．自我否定 C．自我表现 D．自我反省
58．Why does the writer begin the passage with two questions
A．To ask readers for some tips about learning.
B．To help readers get the main idea of the passage.
C．To make readers interested in reading the passage.
D．To get readers to think about things they are unsure of.
59．How does the writer support his opinion in paragraph 5
A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts.
C．By giving examples. D．By reporting results.
60．What’s the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
61．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To suggest a new learning skill to students.
B．To show students the importance of learning.
C．To introduce a new school subject to students.
D．To describe a special learning experience to students.
①Do you think you are an optimist (乐观主义者) Do you usually expect that everything is going well or do you usually think about the trouble and difficulties ahead
②You may think whether you are an optimist or not depends on things around you. However, recent studies have shown that optimism (乐观主义) is 50% influenced by our genes (基因), 40% influenced by ourselves and 10% influenced by the environment around us. This is really good news, because it means we can work on the 40% to increase our levels of optimism. Then what can we do to achieve it
③Studies have shown that taking part in interesting activities like singing, hanging out with friends, cooking with parents, will give off dopamine (多巴胺). You will feel happier and more active. At the same time, we can do more sports, because sports can also bring dopamine and keep us happy.
④On the other hand, we should do something to avoid bad feelings. Researchers also believe that bad feelings can break the immune system (免疫系统), and it will make us feel uncomfortable and unhappy. For example, stress (压力) will cause the rise of blood pressure and blood sugar levels. But there are many ways that can help you reduce your stress. For example, you can take a deep breath. According to a study by the University of Kansas, smiling and taking a deep breath can help reduce your heart rate (心率) and lower your blood pressure when you are in stressful situations. That is to say, it reduces your stress.
⑤Do you still usually think about the trouble and difficulties ahead Now you must have known what to do with it.
62．How does the writer lead into the topic
A．By making a comparison. B．By asking questions.
C．By making an introduction. D．By giving examples.
63．According to para ②, picture ________ shows correctly.
a: the environment around us b: ourselves c: our parents
A． B． C． D．
64．From this passage, we can infer (推断) ________.
A．whether we are optimists or not depends on genes only
B．doing fun activities may help us become more optimistic
C．bad feelings are the main reason of people’s illnesses
D．smiling and breathing deeply make our dopamine higher
65．What is the best structure of the passage (①= Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2...)
A． B． C． D．
阅读短文，从下面所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯。选项中有一项为多余选项。
5 Ways to Make Your Dog Smarter
Well-trained dogs are smarter, act better and are more fun to be with. In fact, looking “smart” often just comes from training. 66 Here are 5 useful tips.
Start training early. The earlier you train your little dog, the more likely you’ll see good results. Try short training several times a day—it works better. And don’t worry if you have an older dog; it’s still possible to teach it new things.
67 Dogs can understand about as many words as a two-year-old kid. Use rewards (奖励) to help them connect words with actions, activities or things. For example, most dogs know “treat”, “toy” or “walk” because they get food, games or outings when they hear these words.
Use hand signals (手势). Dogs like responding to what they see and can understand human hand movements. 68 Use hand signals with your voice orders, and your dog will act faster.
69 Short, regular (定期的) training in your dog’s life works well. It can be done anytime and anywhere—training regularly is key. For example, practice simple orders before giving your dog dinner, when it’s more willing to listen.
Teach tricks (技巧). Dogs that can do tricks look smart. Besides being fun, it helps you build a closer relationship with your dog. Start with easy ones like “stand up”, then learn more.
70 Every day you spend together will be filled with more warmth and joy.
A．Connect words with rewards.
B．Keep training regularly.
C．These games keep their brains active.
D．But how can you train your dog to be smarter
E．Try these ways, and your dog will become smarter and closer to you.
F．Pointing is a good example—point to a toy, and your dog will pick it up.
Though among the most popular pets, house cats remain mysterious (神秘的) to many. While we know exactly when they’re hungry, it is often unclear what they pay attention to at other times. Now, researchers have found that these independent animals can learn the names of other cats they live with. Some might even connect their human friends’ faces with their names.
The researchers examined the actions of cats living in homes with at least two cats, and compared them with cats living in cat cafes (咖啡馆). In the test, each cat was shown a photo of a cat they knew on a screen while a recorded voice played correct and incorrect names. When the name did not match the cat they were looking at, the house cats would fix their eyes on it longer and tilt (倾斜) their heads, as if thinking. “Is this certain to be my friend’s name ”
However, cats living in cat cafes did not act the same way. The researchers suggest that this is because cafe cats are called by a number of names by different visitors. As a result, they have less chance to hear one exact name repeated over and over again, making it harder for them to learn it properly.
The researchers also wondered whether cats can learn human names. The results were less clear than with cat names, but a pattern appeared: Cats that had lived with a larger family of humans for a longer time seemed better at connecting human faces with names.
Unless we can invent a machine that truly understands animals’ thoughts, it’s impossible to know for sure what is going on in a cat’s mind. But this study shows that through everyday family life, cats do seem to remember which name goes with which person. This finding proves our pet cats are really quite smart——they learn far more from living with us than we often realize.
71．What can we learn about cats from paragraph 1
A．They depend on humans too much. B．They are the most mysterious pets.
C．They can learn other cats’ names. D．They are easy to get hungry.
72．What happened during the test when a wrong name was called
A．House cats watched the screen longer. B．Cats tried to call the right name.
C．The cafe cats acted more strongly. D．House cats stopped tilting their heads.
73．Why didn’t the cafe cats act the same as the house cats
A．They weren’t as smart as house cats. B．They didn’t live with a large family.
C．The visitors were not their owners. D．They heard different names from people.
74．What can we infer (推断) from the research
A．Cats’ name-learning has nothing to do with family size.
B．Cats may need time and daily life to learn human names.
C．Cats remember human names as clearly as their own names.
D．Scientists surely understand cats’ brain when learning names.
75．How does the writer mainly develop the text
A．By telling stories. B．By giving examples.
C．By listing numbers. D．By making comparisons.
We all hope for deep and lasting friendships with other people. Making friends, however, is as simple as it is difficult. Do you find it hard to make new friends Here is some experts’ advice. Accept the awkwardness (尴尬).
Heather Havrilesky is an agony aunt (答问专栏作者). “Many people think that everybody already has his friends,” she says. “This is a wrong idea. Nobody already has their friends.”
It is uncomfortable to send the first message or hang out one-on-one for the first time. You have to accept that awkwardness. You can’t have friends without feeling awkward. Spend time on your hobbies.
If you ask people how you can make new friends, many of them will tell you to try picking up a hobby. Havrilesky says that this truly works. “Do the things you like and you will naturally draw people to you,” she says, “You will meet people with the same hobbies.”
You may start with your favorite hobby: If it doesn’t work out, remind yourself that you have many talents. You don’t have to be interested in just one thing.Care about your friends.
If you want to have deep friendships, you have to take care of them: In her book The Art of Showing Up, Rachel Wilkerson Miller shares two tips on building friendships. First, take notes of your conversations with your friends. They will offer you points of connection later. Second, remember the names of people in your friends’ lives to show how much you care about them.
76．It’s natural to feel ________ when sending the first message to someone.
A．proud B．awkward C．lost D．disappointed
77．What does the underlined word “draw” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Attract. B．Paint. C．Mention. D．Invite.
78．How can you show you care about your new friends
A．By developing a hobby. B．By taking photos for them.
C．By sending them gifts. D．By taking notes of your conversations.
79．What’s the text mainly about
A．Benefits of making new friends. B．Advice on keeping close friendships.
C．Ways to build long friendships. D．Challenges of meeting new people.
Ma Rui, a top performing graduate at Zhengzhou Foreign Language School, is going to study English in Peking University. Here, she shares her tips on memorizing English words in a fast and fun way. English words can sometimes seem similar but have completely different meanings, for example, ________. And sometimes the different tenses (时态) of the same verb may not follow the regular structure (结构). So, how can you effectively memorize and learn English words
After learning some new words, you can write a short story using all of these words. This way, you can better remember the spelling, as well as learning how to use words in different tenses and in the right context. And, it’s fun! You get to break away from the dull act of word memorizing and free your imagination. If you can’t think of anything to write, why not just write about your day and try to use the new words
Another method is to create associations (联系) between words. For example, when you try to remember a word that has a suffix (词缀) like “-ment”, think of some other words that also have this suffix. This way, you can remember many words at the same time.
It’s also fun to work together with your classmates. Do some word-guessing games or organize competitions like spelling bees with them during the class breaks. These activities are never boring. When you have a partner, learning can become a part of your daily life.
80．Which of the following best fits in the blank (空白处)
A．“photo” and “picture” have the same meaning
B．“autumn” in British English is “fall” in American English
C．there is no connection between “quite” and “quiet”
D．English has about 5,000 words that are commonly used
81．How many methods does Ma Rui introduce to memorize and learn English words
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
82．According to Ma Rui, what word can we think of when trying to remember “advertisement”
A．Sadness. B．Swimming. C．Education. D．Achievement.
83．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
84．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．How to memorize English words effectively.
B．How to study languages in Peking University.
C．The development of the English language.
D．The advantages of learning foreign languages.
Why do We Yawn
Do you yawn There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research. They do not know exactly why yawning happens, but they do know many facts about yawning.
We know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. You take in a lot of air and then push it out. Then you quickly close your mouth. We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.
Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired. That might be true. People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.
Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly. When you yawn, you breathe deeply. You also stretch (强化) the muscles (肌肉) in your face, mouth, and neck. Your eardrums stretch, too. Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things.
In some countries, people think yawning is not nice. People put their hands over their mouths to cover a yawn. In other countries, people think yawning is healthy. They think that opening the mouth very big can let good things in. When they breathe out, they think that bad things go out of the body with the air.
Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning does not hurt. It is just something we do.
85．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Able to spread quickly. B．Able to breathe easily.
C．Able to change easily. D．Able to sleep quickly.
86．Why do Olympic runners often yawn before a race
A．They are too tired or too bored. B．A yawn can let good things in.
C．A yawn can help a warm brain cool down. D．A yawn can stretch the muscles in their faces.
87．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5
A．Reasons for yawning. B．Advantages of yawning.
C．Disadvantages of yawning. D．Different ideas about yawning.
88．What can we probably infer from the passage
A．People use different ways to yawn.
B．Scientists will do further research on yawning.
C．Some scientists think yawning is good for people.
D．It’s hard to notice things quickly while yawning.
89．What would be the best structure of the passage
A．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥
C．①②③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④⑤⑥
/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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参考答案及试题解析
1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了狗打哈欠的原因，包括疲劳、情绪状态、友好问候以及受主人影响等，同时指出狗打哈欠是与人类交流的一种方式，关注狗打哈欠能更好了解其健康和感受。
1．细节理解题。根据“Yawning helps relax face muscles (肌肉) and wake up tired dogs”以及“yawning increases blood flow (流动) in the head, neck, and face”可知，狗打哈欠能放松肌肉，增加头部、颈部和脸部的血液流动。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“For example, when a dog visits the vet or hears a loud sound, it may yawn again and again.”可知，作者通过举例来支持第三段中关于狗打哈欠的观点。故选A。
3．主旨大意题。根据“Another interesting reason is that dogs can ‘catch’ yawns from people they love. That means when owners yawn, their dogs may yawn, too.”以及“Scientists have found that dogs are more likely to catch yawns from people they feel close to, not from strangers.”可知，第四段主要讲的是狗会模仿主人打哈欠以表示亲密。故选C。
4．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出话题，提出狗打哈欠的现象并引发思考；第二段阐述狗打哈欠在疲劳时的作用；第三段说明狗在担心、害怕或兴奋时打哈欠的情况；第四段讲述狗会受主人影响打哈欠；第五段总结狗打哈欠是与人类交流的方式及关注狗打哈欠的意义。整体结构为总—分—总。故选B。
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．F
【导语】本文主要介绍了学好英语的一些建议。
5．根据“It can help you communicate with people from all over the world.”以及“Here are some tips to help you learn English well.”可知，此处应是阐述学习英语除了能和世界各地的人交流之外的其他好处，引出后文学好英语的建议，选项B“它还可以帮助你在未来获得更好的工作机会。”符合语境。故选B。
6．根据“practice speaking English every day.”可知，此处应是说口语在英语学习中的重要性，选项A“口语是英语学习中的一项重要技能。”符合语境。故选A。
7．根据“read English as much as possible.”以及“Reading can help you learn new words and improve your grammar.”可知，此处应是说阅读时对于新单词的处理方式，选项C“你可以用英语字典查新单词。”符合语境。故选C。
8．根据“You can listen to English songs, English radio programs or English movies.”以及“This can help you improve your pronunciation and listening skills.”可知，此处应是说通过哪种具体方式听英语来提高发音和听力技能，选项D“看有字幕的英语电影是个好办法。”符合语境。故选D。
9．根据“keep an English diary. Write down your thoughts, feelings or daily activities in English.”可知，此处应是说写英语日记的作用，选项F“这可以帮助你在现实生活中练习使用英语。”符合语境。故选F。
10．A 11．E 12．D 13．B 14．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要从在纸上画线、慢速书写、正确握笔、多学绘画四个方面介绍了如何使书写变得漂亮的方法，以及美观书写的重要性。
10．根据“Is your English handwriting beautiful ”可知，此处是说如果书写不漂亮，下文给出了四种方法。A项“如果不漂亮，这里有四个真正有效的步骤！”符合语境。故选A。
11．根据“Use paper with lines”可知，此处讲与带线条的纸张相关的内容，E项“纸上的这些线条可以帮助你写大小合适的单词。”符合语境。故选E。
12．根据“If your writing is hard to read, just slow down a little.”可知，此处讲慢些来的好处。D项“慢一点可以使你的字迹更清楚。”符合语境。故选D。
13．根据“Try to be relaxed and don’t hold the pencil so hard”可知，写字时压得很重是不好的。B项“那使书写很糟糕。”符合语境。故选B。
14．根据“Draw more pictures”可知此处讲与画画相关的内容。C项“画画可以改善你的书法。”符合语境。故选C。
15．B 16．D 17．A 18．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了对习惯的理解，并介绍了如何控制习惯。
15．词句猜测题。根据“In time, it’s hard not to ride in that groove. Your tires (轮胎) might even get stuck in it.”可知，前文描述轮胎反复在路径上压出沟槽，轮胎甚至可能卡在它里面。因此it指代的是前一句中的groove。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据“You may even get a ‘prize’ from the habit, at least at first. Your brain says, ‘Ah, fun and relaxation,’ or, ‘I feel calmer, I like this’”可知，习惯最初会带来奖励，例如乐趣和放松或感到平静。故选D。
17．推理判断题。根据“One way is just to notice them at first. Think about what rewards they give you. Joy Escape Activity when you’re bored What do you get out of a habit, or what does it help you avoid ”可知，此处介绍了如何控制习惯，选项A“但是你可以控制你的习惯”符合语境。故选A。
18．推理判断题。通读最后两段可知，最后两段主要讲述打破不良习惯的方法：通过直面挑战（如完成作业）获得奖励，提醒自己目标并拒绝习惯的诱惑。D选项“我们可以看到挑战的积极面，或者打破某些习惯。”，符合最后两段主旨：直面挑战能获得成就感，通过努力可以打破不良习惯，故选D。
19．B 20．C 21．C 22．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了生活中常见的尴尬现象以及如何去应对这些情况。
19．推理判断题。根据“When these kinds of feelings return, they are known as a ‘cringe attack (羞愧综合征)’.”和“… my brain just throws that embarrassing scene back.”可知，作者列举自己的亲身经历是想说明什么是“羞愧综合征”。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据“The stronger the feeling is, the stronger the memory will be.”可知，感觉越强烈，记忆就越强烈。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据“Instead of just trying to forget what we did, we should try to accept who we were at that moment and think about how we can change for the better.”可知，与其试着忘记我们做过的事，我们还不如试着接受那一刻的自己，思考如何才能变得更好。故选C。
22．篇章结构题。根据“All of us may have experienced embarrassing moments.”可知，第①段是引出话题；根据第二段“When these kinds of feelings return, they are known as a ‘cringe attack (羞愧综合征)’.”，第三段“I personally get a quite uncomfortable feeling when …”和第四段“Why do these ‘cringe attacks’ still pop up in our daily lives …”可知，第②③④段主要介绍什么是“羞愧综合征”；根据“So how can we deal with this ”可知，第⑤段是如何解决这种情况。综上，C选项为本文的结构图。故选C。
23．A 24．D 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Ian Dog Park的用途、开放时间及联系方式，重点列出了多条确保宠物与主人良好体验的公园规则，包括禁止挖地、爬围栏、独自留狗等。
23．细节理解题。根据“Park rules: Don’t leave your dog alone at any time.”可知，狗需一直和主人在一起，故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据“Winter hours: 8:00 am-5:00 pm (Mon.-Sun.)”可知，冬季每天开放9小时（17-8=9），故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据“info@ Email us anytime.”可知，可通过发邮件咨询，周末也能发邮件，故选B。
26．C 27．B 28．A 29．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在森林中迷路时，如何找到出路的方法和建议，旨在帮助人们在迷路时保持冷静并采取正确的行动。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Remember that if you can’t retrace your steps, then it’s better to just stay where you are and let the searchers find you. Sing loudly or shout for help when you hear others trying to find you.”可知，如果你无法找回原来的路，那么最好待在原地，大声呼救，这样可以帮助搜救者找到你。故选C。
27．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Leave marks wherever you go, so you can return. Also, if someone tries to rescue (营救) you, they will look for marks. So make as many of them as you can.”可知，“them”指代的是前文提到的“marks”，表示“标记”。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Leave marks wherever you go, so you can return. Also, if someone tries to rescue (营救) you, they will look for marks. So make as many of them as you can. On every turn, try to mark the direction you are taking.”可知，留下标记的原因包括：记住回来的路、帮助搜救人员找到你、标记你正在走的方向，所以①②④符合题意。故选A。
29．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了在森林中迷路时，如何找到出路的方法和建议，所以选项C“如何在森林中找到出路”符合题意。故选C。
30．E 31．D 32．A 33．F 34．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了在国外问路时的一些技巧，包括使用礼貌用语、积累词汇、学习常用介词和副词以及了解重要地标等，这些技巧能让在国外的生活变得更加容易。
30．根据“Here are some ways for you.”可知，此处引起下文，学会寻求帮助很重要。选项E“知道如何寻求帮助可以让我们的生活变得容易得多。”符合语境。故选E。
31．根据“Use greetings and polite expressions.”可知，学会使用问候语和礼貌用语。选项D“以友好的问候开始谈话是必须的。”符合语境。故选D。
32．根据“You should know the basic (基础的) vocabulary (词汇) that can be used when getting directions.”可知，要掌握一些基础词汇。选项A“扩大你的词汇量。”符合语境。故选A。
33．根据“Learn the most commonly used prepositions (介词) and adverbs (副词).”可知，学习最常用的介词和副词。选项F“当你需要快速找到某个地方时，像‘近’，‘更近’和‘最近’这样的副词非常有用。”符合语境。故选F。
34．根据“Try to know some important landmarks (地标).”可知，试着了解一些重要的地标。选项C“世界上每个城市都有自己的地标。”符合语境。故选C。
35．D 36．C 37．E 38．B
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了几种克服羞怯的方法。
35．根据“Shyness is a kind of fear. People who are shy always worry too much about what people think of them or embarrassing themselves in some way in front of others”可知，此处是对害羞的定义及表现进行阐述，而后文均为克服害羞的具体方法，空格处需起到承上启下、引出下文方法的作用。选项D“我们如何克服害羞？”符合语境，能够自然衔接前文内容并引出下文建议。故选D。
36．根据“Have a good posture (姿势).”及“So stand up straight, shoulders back, keep your head up, and make eye contact (接触)”可知，此处是围绕“保持良好姿势”这一建议展开，需说明良好姿势带来的积极影响。选项C“通过练习良好的姿势，你会觉得自己有能力把事情做好。”直接呼应小标题核心内容，符合语境。故选C。
37．根据“Increase your walking speed.”及“People who walk in a slow way, or look at the ground while walking usually have no confidence in themselves”可知，此处是通过对比缺乏自信者的走路方式，引出自信者的走路特点，以支撑“提高走路速度”的建议。选项E“有自信的人走路更快。”与前文形成对比，且契合小标题主题，符合逻辑。故选E。
38．根据“Exercise increases your energy levels in the body. That will put you in a more positive (积极的) state of mind. By taking exercise, you will feel sure of yourself”可知，此处为小标题，需概括段落核心内容，该段围绕“运动”的作用展开。选项B“做一些运动。”精准概括了段落主旨，符合小标题的功能要求。故选B。
39．A 40．B 41．A 42．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍城市中心本地市场的分区特色与购物体验，讲述市场不仅是购物场所，更是促进人们交流、凝聚家庭的社交中心。
39．细节理解题。根据“Unlike in supermarkets where produce is often prepackaged, customers here can even taste a cherry tomato or a piece of cucumber to see whether it is fresh or not.”可知，生鲜区购物可先品尝判断品质，故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据“It fills the air with the warm smell of freshly baked bread and attracts many visitors every morning.”可知，面包区靠香味吸引顾客，故选B。
41．词句猜测题。根据“the handmade section shows plenty of special items…such as delicate wooden toys and bamboo baskets”可知，“crafts”所在的区域是手工艺品区，售卖手工制作的物品，因此“crafts”指手工制作艺术品的活动，故选A。
42．主旨大意题。根据“The market is more than just a place to buy things; it serves as a social center where people connect…”可知，最后一段的核心是强调市场不只是购物场所，更是社交和家庭团聚的地方，故选B。
43．A 44．D 45．A 46．C 47．B
【导语】本文介绍了Rnabot CH-03宠物互动机器人的功能特点、配置及用户评价。
43．细节理解题。根据“About this robot”部分“It’s small and can move around in your house”可知，CH-03是一款可移动的机器人。故选A。
44．细节理解题。根据“CH-03 saves videos on a memory card...You can download videos on your phone”可知，该机器人可以保存宠物视频。故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据“What’s in the box”列表可知，包装盒内有CH-03机器人、USB充电器、32GB存储卡和说明书。图A符合此配置。故选A。
46．细节理解题。根据“260+ bought in the past month”可知，过去一个月售出260多台。故选C。
47．细节理解题。根据“Ways to connect: Wireless”可知，该机器人通过无线方式连接。故选B。
48．B 49．C 50．B 51．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了幸福的真谛。文章通过讨论社交媒体对人们情绪的影响、幸福感的短暂性，以及情感真实性的重要性，最终指出真正的幸福不是追求完美生活，而是接受并体验人生旅程中的各种情感。
48．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Plenty of research has connected social media use to low moods. One U.S. study found that people who frequently check their social media are twice as likely to feel lonely.”可知，本段主要讨论了社交媒体对用户情绪的影响。故选B。
49．推理判断题。根据“We get excited and happy when something good happens, but after a while, we return to feeling the same as before.”可知，当好事发生时，我们会感到兴奋和快乐，但过了一段时间，我们会恢复到以前的感觉，故图表显示情绪先上升后下降，但不是持续下降。会回到之前。故选C。
50．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Trying to be happy all the time is like trying to catch a unicorn (独角兽)—it’s just not going to happen.”可知，作者用独角兽的比喻想要告诉人们，一直试图保持快乐是一个不可能实现的目标。故选B。
51．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文第一段提出问题什么是幸福，第二段第三段介绍了社交媒体对幸福的影响，第四段提出了“情感真实性”作为解决方案，第五段总结并给出建议。故选A。
52．D 53．F 54．G 55．C 56．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的技巧。
52．根据“if you have to read a lot for study, you will look forward to having the ability of reading more quickly.”以及后文对提高阅读速度技巧的介绍，D选项“这里有一些帮助你提高阅读速度的技巧。”起到承上启下的作用。故选D。
53．根据“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right place from your eyes.”，F选项“保持房间凉爽而不是温暖，以避免睡着。”是关于阅读环境的进一步说明，符合语境。故选F。
54．根据“Spend a few minutes looking through the book. Look at the table of contents, the preface, the title of each chapter and so on. This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it.”，G选项“以这种方式花费十分钟可以在未来为你节省很多时间。”是对浏览书籍这一做法的好处总结。故选G。
55．根据“A history book which includes stories will be easier to read than one about scientific subject. In the first one, you may be able to read a chapter. In the second one, you may only be able to read one page.”，C选项“这取决于你正在读的是哪种类型的书。”能够引出后文关于不同类型书籍阅读量的内容。故选C。
56．根据“Make a note of any page which is of special importance. Write down the information which is important for your purpose as well as anything that leads you to further research.”，B选项“总是在身边放一支铅笔和一些纸。”与做笔记的动作相关，符合语境。故选B。
57．D 58．C 59．C 60．D 61．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要围绕自我反省这一学习技能展开，先通过两个问题引出话题，接着介绍自我反省的含义，然后给出在学习中进行自我反省的一些建议，最后强调自我反省对成功学生的重要性并鼓励读者尝试。
57．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Self-reflection means slowing down and calming yourself, including calming your mind. By being calm and going slowly, you give your brain a chance to look at the things it has already received.”可知，自我反省意味着放慢速度，让自己平静下来，包括让大脑平静，给大脑一个机会去看它已经接收到的信息，所以“self-reflection”意思是“自我反省”。故选D。
58．推理判断题。文章开头提出“Do you ever feel like you are just running from one activity to another In school, do you rush from one subject to another ”这两个问题，以这种提问的方式能够引起读者的好奇心，让读者对文章内容产生兴趣，从而想要继续阅读下去。故选C。
59．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Next, think about things that you are unsure of. For example, maybe you learned about a certain body system, but you’re not sure how it works together with the other body systems.”可知，作者通过列举“学习某个身体系统，但不确定它如何与其他身体系统协同工作”这个例子，来支持关于思考自己不确定的事情这一观点。故选C。
60．篇章结构题。文章第一段通过两个问题引出自我反省的话题；第二段介绍自我反省的含义；第三、四、五段分别给出在学习中进行自我反省的一些建议；第六段强调自我反省对成功学生的重要性并鼓励读者尝试。故选D。
61．主旨大意题。文章主要围绕自我反省这一学习技能展开，介绍了自我反省的含义以及在学习中进行自我反省的一些建议，最后强调自我反省对成功学生的重要性，目的是向学生建议一种新的学习技能。故选A。
62．B 63．C 64．B 65．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了乐观主义的影响因素，分享提升乐观、缓解压力的方法，鼓励人们即便身处困境，也要做乐观主义者。
62．细节理解题。根据“Do you think you are an optimist ”可知，作者是以提问的方式引出话题的。故选B。
63．细节理解题。根据“However, recent studies have shown that optimism is 50% influenced by our genes, 40% influenced by ourselves and 10% influenced by the environment around us.”可知，乐观情绪50%受基因影响，40%取决于我们自己，10%受周围环境影响，与选项C的图相符。故选C。
64．推理判断题。根据“Studies have shown that taking part in interesting activities like singing, hanging out with friends, cooking with parents, will give off dopamine. You will feel happier and more active.”可推知，做有趣的活动可以帮助我们变得更加乐观。故选B。
65．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段以问句引出“乐观主义”的话题；第二段分析了乐观主义的成因与可控性；第三、四段就如何变得更乐观提出了几点建议；第五段呼应开头，呼吁大家积极行动起来。因此本文的结构为“①—②—③④—⑤”，与选项B的图相符。故选B。
66．D 67．A 68．F 69．B 70．E
【导语】本文主要讲述了五种让狗变得更聪明的方法。
66．根据“Well-trained dogs are smarter, act better and are more fun to be with. In fact, looking ‘smart’ often just comes from training.”可知，训练有素的狗更聪明，表现更好，也更有趣。事实上，“聪明”通常来自训练。选项D“但是你如何训练你的狗变得更聪明呢？”符合语境。故选D。
67．根据“Dogs can understand about as many words as a two-year-old kid. Use rewards (奖励) to help them connect words with actions, activities or things.”可知，狗能理解的词汇量与两岁小孩相当。用奖励帮助他们将单词与动作、活动或事物联系起来。选项A“将单词与奖励联系起来”符合语境。故选A。
68．根据“Dogs like responding to what they see and can understand human hand movements.”可知，狗喜欢对看到的东西做出反应，并能理解人类的手部动作。选项F“指着是一个很好的例子——指向一个玩具，你的狗就会把它捡起来。”符合语境。故选F。
69．根据“Short, regular (定期的) training in your dog’s life works well.”可知，在狗的生活中进行短期的、定期的训练效果很好。选项B“保持定期训练”符合语境。故选B。
70．根据“Every day you spend together will be filled with more warmth and joy.”可知，你们在一起的每一天都会充满更多的温暖和快乐。选项E“尝试这些方法，你的狗会变得更聪明，与你更亲近。”符合语境。故选E。
71．C 72．A 73．D 74．B 75．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于家猫能够学习其他猫咪名字以及可能将人类面孔与名字联系起来的研究发现。
71．细节理解题。根据第一段“Now, researchers have found that these independent animals can learn the names of other cats they live with.”可知，家猫可以学习和它们一起生活的其他猫的名字。故选 C。
72．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the test, each cat was shown a photo of a cat they knew on a screen while a recorded voice played correct and incorrect names. When the name did not match the cat they were looking at, the house cats would fix their eyes on it longer and tilt (倾斜) their heads, as if thinking. ‘Is this certain to be my friend’s name ’.”可知，当叫错名字时，家猫会更长时间地盯着屏幕。故选A。
73．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers suggest that this is because cafe cats are called by a number of names by different visitors.”可知，咖啡馆的猫因为会被不同访客叫不同名字，所以和家猫表现不同。故选D。
74．推理判断题。根据第四段“Cats that had lived with a larger family of humans for a longer time seemed better at connecting human faces with names.”可推断，猫可能需要时间和日常生活来学习人类的名字。故选B。
75．推理判断题。文章通过对比家猫和咖啡馆的猫在实验中的不同表现，以及不同家庭环境下猫对人类名字的学习情况来展开内容，主要是通过作比较的方式行文。故选D。
76．B 77．A 78．D 79．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了专家提出的建立长久友谊的具体方法。
76．细节理解题。根据“It is uncomfortable to send the first message or hang out one-on-one for the first time. You have to accept that awkwardness.”可知，发送第一条信息时会感到不舒服，需要接受这种尴尬。故选B。
77．词句猜测题。根据“‘Do the things you like and you will naturally draw people to you,’ she says, ‘You will meet people with the same hobbies.’”可知，做你喜欢的事，你自然会吸引志同道合的人，你会遇到有相同爱好的人，因此draw表示“吸引”，即Attract。故选A。
78．细节理解题。根据“you have to take care of them...First, take notes of your conversations with your friends.”可知，记录与朋友的对话。故选D。
79．主旨大意题。根据文章可知，本文主要介绍了专家提出的建立长久友谊的具体方法。故选C。
80．C 81．B 82．D 83．D 84．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了郑州外国语学校的一名优秀毕业生分享了一些快速有趣的记忆英语单词的方法。
80．推理判断题。根据第一段中“English words can sometimes seem similar but have completely different meanings”可知，英语单词有时看起来很相似，但意思却完全不同，结合“For example”可知，此处是在举例，选项C中单词“quite”和“quiet”属于拼写相似，但意思不同的情况。故选C。
81．细节理解题。根据第二段中“After learning some new words, you can write a short story using all of these words.”和第三段中“Another method is to create associations (联系) between words.”及第四段中“It’s also fun to work together with your classmates.”可知，马瑞介绍了3种记忆和学习英语单词的方法。故选B。
82．推理判断题。根据第三段中“For example, when you try to remember a word that has a suffix like ‘-ment’, think of some other words that also have this suffix.”可知，当你试着记住一个有“-ment”这样后缀的单词时，想想其他一些也有这个后缀的单词，结合题干和选项可知，advertisement和achievement都含有“-ment”后缀，所以当我们试图记住“advertisement”时，我们会联想到achievement。故选D。
83．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出主题（如何记忆英语单词），第二段到第四段依次给出三种具体的记忆单词的方法，这是“总—分”的结构。故选D。
84．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“So, how can you effectively memorize and learn English words ”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有效地记忆和学习英语单词的方法。故选A。
85．A 86．C 87．D 88．C 89．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了打哈欠的相关知识，包括打哈欠的方式、传染性、原因、不同国家的看法以及科学家对其研究的情况等。
85．词句猜测题。根据“When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too.”可知，打哈欠是可以快速传播的。所以“contagious”意为“能够快速传播的”。故选A。
86．细节理解题。根据“Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that In 2007, scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down.”可知，奥运选手赛前打哈欠是因为打哈欠可以帮助温暖的大脑降温。故选C。
87．主旨大意题。根据“In some countries, people think yawning is not nice...In other countries, people think yawning is healthy.”可知，该段主要讲述了不同国家的人们对打哈欠的不同看法。故选D。
88．推理判断题。根据“Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly.”可知，一些科学家认为打哈欠对人们有好处。故选C。
89．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出打哈欠的话题；第二、三、四、五段分别介绍打哈欠的方式、原因、作用以及不同国家的看法；第六段说明科学家对打哈欠研究不多的情况。因此文章结构为：①/②③④⑤/⑥。故选B。
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