2026年中考英语复习语法专题课件★★★ 定语从句(共19张PPT)

(共19张PPT)
2026年中考英语复习语法专题课件★★★ 定语从句
定语从句(也叫“关系从句”)是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如：
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 那群踢足球的男孩都是一班的。
(先行词)(引导词)　(从句)
常见的关系代词有：
定语从句的引导词(关系词)
指代对象 代指人 代指物 既可指人也可指物
主语 who，that which，that that
宾语 whom，that 所有格 whose 常见的关系副词有：
指代对象 先行词 关系副词及相应的介词结构
时间 day，year，date，time when：during which(time)
地点 the place，the city where：in which，from which
原因 the reason why：that，for which
1.引导词(关系代词)的常见用法
引导词的用法
引导词 用法 举例
that 一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语 ①The man that(who)is speaking at the meeting is a foreigner.正在会上发言的那个男人是个外国人。(先行词是the man，关系代词在从句中作主语，用that或who)
②Is this the nurse that(whom)you talked about yesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位护士吗？(先行词是the nurse，关系代词在从句中作动词短语talked about的宾语，用that或whom)
③(2024广东，完形填空)She studies brain diseases that come along with aging.她研究随年龄增长而出现的脑部疾病。
(续表)
引导词 用法 举例
who 在从句中作主语 (2024广东，阅读理解B)This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier.这对想让这些家禽更快乐健康的农民来说是好消息。
whom 在从句中作宾语 He is the boy whom you wanted to find.他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
whose 在从句中作定语 The girl whose mother is a nurse is waiting for you outside.那个女孩在外面等你，她的妈妈是名护士。
which 指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语 ①On the other hand，the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.另一方面，大象生活的栖息地被人类过度使用。
②The book which is on the desk belongs to me.
桌子上的那本书是我的。
2.引导词(关系代词)的特殊用法
(1)下列情况只能用that(不能用which)来指代物：
情况 举例
①先行词为all，much，little，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时 I will do everything that I can do to help you.
我将会尽我所能来帮助你。
②先行词是形容词最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时 This is the most important task that must be finished soon.
这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。
③先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时 You are the first men that like this kind of books.
你们是第一批喜欢这种书的人。
(续表)
情况 举例
④先行词中既有人又有物时 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了很深的印象。
⑤当先行词由the only，the last，the very，any，few，little，no，all等限定词修饰时，引导词只能用that He is the only person that knows the truth.
他是唯一知道真相的人。
⑥当主句中已经含有关系词who或者which时，引导词只用that He built a factory which produced things that I had never seen before.他建造了一个工厂，生产的东西是我之前从未见过的。
(2)下列情况只能用who来指代人：
情况 举例
①先行词是one，ones，anyone时 ①One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。
②Don’t tell anyone who shouldn’t be told about the news.
别把消息告诉给不该告诉的人。
②当those作先行词指人时 ①(2024广东，短文填空) Wang is only one of those who are deeply in love with biking.小王只是酷爱骑行的人之一。
②Those who respect others are often respected by others.
敬人者，人恒敬之。
③当先行词有较长的后置定语时 I met a foreigner in the street who could speak Chinese well.
我在街上遇到一位中文说得很好的外国人。
(续表)
情况 举例
④有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经使用了that，另一个宜用who The boy that you met last night is her boyfriend who can make kites.
你昨晚遇到的那个男孩是她的男朋友，他会制作风筝。
⑤在there be开头的句子中，先行词指人 There is an old man who wants to see you.有一个老人想见你。
⑥当主语是I，he，you，they等时，常用于谚语、格言中 He who plays with fire gets burned.玩火者必自焚。
用下划线“______”画出下列句子中的定语从句。
1.Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings.
2.As a science lover，I hope I can invent a bike which can fly in the sky.
3.Mrs.Wang is an English teacher who makes her class lively.
4.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
5.The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
一、语法选择基础练(单项填空)
( )1.—I’ll never forget the experiences _______ we had in the volunteer work last summer.
—Me too.The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
A.when B.who C.that
( )2.A true friend is a person _______ will always be there to share your laughter and tears.
A.what B.which C.who
C
C
( )3.—What kind of movies do you like best？
—I like the movies _______ make me feel happy and relaxed.
A.what B.which C.who
( )4.Great changes have taken place here.Everything _______ comes into my eyes is so new to me.
A.that B.which C.who
A
B
二、语法选择 (2024·山东泰安中考改编)
Do dogs like postmen？ Many people believe not， because dogs often bark (犬吠) at postmen. However， a Brazilian postman named Cristiano is challenging this old idea.
( )1.A.as B.for C.of　
( )2.A.who B.that C.whose
( )3.A.they B.them C.their
B
B
He is known 　1　 the “Animal-friendly Postman”. For years， he has been making friends with the dogs 　2　 he meets during his work. And he often takes photos with them and posts 　3　 online.
A
( )4.A.dog B.dogs C.dog’s
( )5.A.the B.a C.an　
( )6.A.need B.must C.can
( )7.A.close B.closer C.the closest
B
C
A
It is not easy to win a 　4　 trust， but he has a way of doing that. First， he greets 　5　 dog. Then， he lets the dog sniff (嗅) his hand from a proper distance. In this way， the dog 　6　 get to know him better. Gradually， he gets much 　7　 to the dog until the dog is comfortable enough to lick (舔) his face.
C
( )8.A.was B.is C.were
( )9.A.whether B.where C.why
C
This postman has a few dogs and cats at home. He has been around dogs since he 　8　 a child. This might explain 　9　 dogs welcome him. Cristiano is also friendly to other kinds of animals.
A
( )10.A.to open B.open C.opening
Cristiano does not just show off his friendship with animals. He also has a mission (使命) of his own. In fact， it’s his dream 　10　 his own animal shelter (收容所).
“I want to help my little animal friends more！” says the postman.
A