(共37张PPT)
Unit 6 Earth and Beyond
Grammar in use
（仁爱版 2024）八年级
上
Learning objectives
0
Lead in
Presentation
2
Practice
Production
4
Summary
Assessment
6
Homework
1
3
5
7
By the end of the lesson, I will be able to...
1
2
3
master “-ness” suffix for adj - to - noun conversion;
use comparative and superlative adjectives in planet contexts;
describe planets to spark interest in space exploration.
00
Learning objectives
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Task one
The suffix -ness
_________________ and ______________ play an important role in scientific exploration.
Activity 1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
Lead in
01
Look and answer.
What qualities do they need in scientific exploration
What do they do
Carefulness
responsibility
They are doing scientific research
Tip:
careful（形容词，细心的 ）
+ ness
→ carefulness（名词，细心 ）
________ of the ________ and ________ is important for scientists to live and work in space.
Activity 1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
Lead in
01
Look and answer.
What is important for scientists to live and work in space
Who is the person in the picture
Fitness
body
He is an astronaut.
mind
Tip:
fit（形容词，健康的 ）
+ ness
→ fitness（名词，健康；适合 ）
The _______ the star is, the __________ it is.
Activity 1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
Lead in
01
Look and answer.
How does a star’s size connect with its brightness
What is a star’s brightness related to
It's related to the ______________.
star's size
larger
brightness
Tip:
bright（形容词，明亮的 ）
+ ness
→ brightness（名词, 明亮 ）
Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific exploration.
Activity 1 Look at the pictures and read the sentences. Pay attention to
the words in bold.
Fitness of the body and mind is of key importance for scientists to love and work in space.
The brightness of a star is related to its size. The larger, the brighter.
Lead in
01
Look and read.
Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific exploration.
Fitness of the body and mind is of key importance for scientists to love and work in space.
The brightness of a star is related to its size. The larger, the brighter.
Read and find.
Presentation
02
-ness 后缀通常用来构成________，表示某种___________ 。
Activity 2 Complete the table and learn how to form nouns with the suffix -ness.
shyness
ugliness
Complete the table.
Presentation
02
careful
carefulness
brave
braveness
careless
carelessness
shy
ugly
+ness
-ness 后缀通常用来构成________，表示某种___________ 。
抽象名词
状态或品质
形容词
抽象名词
后缀 -ness规则
多音节单词以___________ 加 _____ 结尾，
先把_____________ , 再加___________。
一般情况下词尾+-________。
careful-carefulness
bright-brightness
uneasy-uneasiness
lazy-laziness
dark-darkness
shy-shyness
-ness
Read and learn.
Presentation
02
ness
辅音字母
y
y变i
ness
Activity 2 Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.
business
weakness
happiness
darkness
1. The high cost is a big __________ in space exploration.
2. The development of the space industry will bring more ________ and create more jobs in different areas.
3. So many stars shine in the ________. What a beautiful
night.
4. Nature can fill our lives with real joy, peace and _________.
weakness
business
darkness
happiness
Fill in the blanks.
Presentation
02
Activity 3 Complete the text with the words in the box.
coldness closeness brightness smallness
Venus and Mercury are two of the closest planets to the Sun.
Because of its __________ to the Sun and its ___________ in size, Mercury is difficult for us to see on Earth. Venus, on the other hand, is known for its ____________ and it's beautiful. People can see it at night on Earth. Venus is the hottest planet while the surface temperature on Mercury can drop down to -173℃ at night. Its ___________ is due to its thin air.
closeness
smallness
brightness
coldness
Complete the text.
Presentation
02
Comparative & Superlative Dialogue
Task two
Neptune
the Sun
Mars
Mercury
Earth
Jupiter
What are the differences between Mercury and Earth
Mercury is smaller than Earth and it is closer to the Sun than Earth.
Comparative and superlative adjectives
Read the conversation. Pay attention to the words in bold.
Yes, I know that! It is the closest planet to the Sun.
Activity 1 Pair work.
Presentation
02
Yes, so it’s also much hotter than Earth.
比较级
（Comparative）
最高级
（Superlative）
Read and learn.
Presentation
02
Look and learn.
Sirius is brighter than Polaris.天狼星比北极星更亮。
比较级：brighter；
最高级：brightest
Sirius
Polaris
Sirius is one of the
brightest stars in the night sky.
规则 1：
add -er/-est（单音节形容词，结尾非 y / 重读闭音节）
Presentation
02
Look and learn.
→ Jupiter is larger than Saturn.木星比土星更大。
比较级：larger；
最高级：largest
Saturn
Jupiter
Jupiter is the
largest planet in the solar system.
木星是太阳系中最大的行星 。
规则 2：
add -r/-st（以 e 结尾的单音节形容词）
Presentation
02
Look and learn.
→Mercury’s surface is drier than Mars’.水星表面比火星更干燥 。
比较级：drier；
最高级：driest；
Mercury
Mars
Mercury is one of the
driest planets in the solar system.
水星是太阳系中最干燥的行星之一 。
规则 3：
change -y into -i, add -er/-est（辅音 + y 结尾的形容词）
Presentation
02
Look and learn.
→ Venus is hotter than Mercury.金星比水星更热。
比较级：hotter；
最高级：hottest ；
Mercury
Venus
Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.金星是太阳系中最热的行星 。
规则 4：
double the last consonant and add -er/-est（重读闭音节：辅 + 元 + 辅结尾）
Presentation
02
Look and learn.
→ The Orion Nebula is more wonderful than the Horsehead Nebula.
猎户座星云比马头星云更壮观。
比较级：more wonderful；
最高级：most wonderful ；
The Orion Nebula
Horsehead Nebula
The Orion Nebula is one of the most wonderful nebulae we know.猎户座星云是已知最壮观的星云之一 。
规则 5：
add more/the most（多音节形容词，≥3 个音节）
Presentation
02
Look and learn.
→ Neptune is farther from the Sun than Uranus.海王星比天王星离太阳更远。
比较级：farther；
最高级：farthest；
Neptune
Pluto
→ Pluto was once one of the
farthest celestial bodies from the Sun in the solar system.冥王星曾是太阳系中离太阳最远的天体之一 。
规则 6：
irregular form（不规则变化）
Uranus
Complete the table and learn how to use comparative and superlative adjectives.
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives add-er/-est bright - _____________________________
add-r/-st large - ______________________________
change -y into -i, add -er/-est dry - _______________________________
double the last consonant and add-er/-est hot - _______________________________
add more/the most Wonderful -___________________________
irregular form Far - _________________________________
brighter-brightest
larger-largest
dried-driest
hotter-hottest
more wonderful-most wonderful
farther/further-farthest/furthest
Activity 2 Complete the table.
Presentation
02
形容词的比较级和最高级 在单音节和少数双音节的形容词后面__________ small-smaller-smallest
形容词原级以e结尾且e不发音 __________ nice-nicer-nicest
原级以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，把 -_____________________ heavy-heavier-heaviest
原级以辅音+元音+辅音组合的形容词，要
___________________________________ big-bigger-biggest
________________ +双音节或多音节的形容词 more beautiful/the most beautiful
不规则的变形，需要_____________ good-better-best
Read and summarize the rules.
Presentation
02
+ -er/-est
+ -r/-st
y 变成 -i, + -er/-est
双写末尾的辅音+-er/-est
more/the most
特殊记忆
Activity 3 Read the text and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the given words.
Practice
03
Read and fill in the blanks
The Death Valley is known as the _______ (hot) place on the earth and the ________ (dry) place in North American. In 1913, the __________ (high) air temperature of 134 F (56.7 ℃) reached a record here. In summer, the average rainfall in the Death Valley is _________ (little) than 5 cm. But winter and spring are _________ (wet) and the weather is more comfortable. Higher places are ___________ (cool) than the lower areas in the valley.
hotter
driest
highest
less
wetter
cooler
Activity 1 Pair work.
Presentation
02
Describe Celestial Bodies
Task three
Sun: Biggest in solar system, gives light/heat, no life
Mercury: Closest planet to Sun, smaller than Earth, no life
Earth: Only planet with life, 3rd closest to Sun
Jupiter: Largest planet (gas), has rings
Neptune: Farthest from Sun, very cold, no life
Moon: Earth’s natural satellite, no life, orbits Earth ~27 days
Production
04
Look at the pictures and then describe them by following the example.
Group work-
For example:
The Sun is bigger than Jupiter.
The Sun is the biggest among the Sun, Earth and Mercury.
Show time
Talk clearly (内容清晰)
Pronunciation(发音标准)
Body language(使用肢体语言)
Fluently(流利的)
Reasonable(理由合理)
Grade and share:
一、根据句意及提示，用 “形容词 +-ness” 构成的名词填空：
______________ (Careful) is very important when doing scientific experiments.
The astronauts need good ________ (Fit) to work in space.
The ______________ (Bright) of the star makes it easy to see at night.
The ______________ (Dark) of the forest made us feel a little scared.
Helping others can bring us real ______________ (Happy).
The phrase we have learned
Summary
05
Carefulness
fitness
brightness
darkness
happiness
二、用所给形容词的比较级或最高级形式填空：
Mercury is ________ (small) than Earth.
Venus is the ________ (hot) planet in the solar system.
The Death Valley is one of the ________ (dry) places in North America.
Higher areas in the valley are ________ (cool) than lower ones.
The ________ (far) planet from the Sun is Neptune.
The phrase we have learned
Summary
05
smaller
hottest
driest
cooler
farthest
三、短语翻译：
科学探索中的谨慎 ________________________________
身体与精神的健康 ________________________________
比地球更靠近太阳 ________________________________
太阳系中最热的星球 ________________________________
星星的亮度 ________________________________
The phrase we have learned
Summary
05
carefulness in scientific exploration
physical and mental health
closer to the Sun than the Earth
the hottest planet in the solar system
the brightness of the stars
四、句子翻译：
谨慎在科学探索中扮演着重要角色。
_________________________________________________________________
水星比地球更小，也比地球更靠近太阳。
_________________________________________________________________
金星因它的亮度而闻名，是夜空中很美的星球。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
死亡谷是地球上最热的地方之一，夏季降雨量比 5 厘米还少。_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
The phrase we have learned
Summary
05
Carefulness plays an important role in scientific exploration.
Mercury is smaller than the Earth and is closer to the Sun than the Earth.
Venus is famous for its brightness and is a very beautiful planet in the night sky.
The Death Valley is one of the hottest places on Earth, and the rainfall in summer is less than 5 centimeters.
Assessment
06
Self-assessment
I can master “-ness” suffix for adj - to - noun conversion.
I can use comparative and superlative adjectives in planet contexts.
I can describe planets to spark interest in space exploration.
Basic (基础)
Improving(提升)
Extend (拓展)
Homework
07
写出 5 个 “形容词 +-ness” 构成的名词，并各造 1 个简单句。
选取一个星球，用-ness后缀名词和比较级 / 最高级写 50 词左右的介绍。
小组线上合作，完成一段 “太空探索重要性” 的对话（含至少 2 个-ness名词、2 组比较级 / 最高级）。
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