【期末语法培优】核心语法之一般过去时的被动语态-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册期末核心语法培优牛津上海(试用本) (含答案解析)

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名称 【期末语法培优】核心语法之一般过去时的被动语态-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册期末核心语法培优牛津上海(试用本) (含答案解析)
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/ 让学习更有效 期末语法培优 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年九年级英语上册期末核心语法培优牛津上海(试用本)
核心语法:一般过去时的被动语态
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
1.The Hong Kong--Zhuhai—Macao Bridge ____________________ in 2019. It connects people from the three places.
A.is built B.was built C.built D.building
2.Cindy ________ to the party yesterday. But she didn't go.
A.invite B.invites C.is invited D.was invited
3.—I think the shop ____.
—No, It's open. It ____ at six.
A.is close … close B.is closed … closes
C.closed … closes D.is closed
4.Last year, another two beautiful bridges ___________ over the Jialing River.
A.built B.are built C.were built D.will be built
5.— Hey, Molly. You on the phone just now. But you weren't here and the man left a phone number.
— Oh I was in the library.
A.wanted B.are wanted C.were wanted D.have wanted
6.—These days, teenagers often have to do what they ______ to.
— It's not good for their independence. They need to think on their own.
A.tell B.are telling C.are told D.were told
7.Wang Yuan ________ to give a speech at ECOSOC Youth Forum 2017.
A.invites B.invited C.is invited D.was invited
8.Many trees and flowers ________ in our school last year,and they made our school a beautiful garden.
A.plant B.planted C.have planted D.were planted
9.I usually felt very nervous as I ________ to answer the teacher's questions in class.
A.ask B.will ask C.was asked D.have asked
10.A question was _______by the reporter, "Mr. President, the price of rice _______greatly recently. How are you going to deal with the problem "
A.raised; has risen B.risen; is raising
C.raised; is raising D.risen; has risen
11.A new bridge _______over the river last year.
A.built B.was built C.has built D.is building
12.—Who's the little girl in the photo
—It's me. The photo ______ 10 years ago.
A.took B.is taken C.has taken D.was taken
13.—Have all the students known that we will have an English exam this Saturday
—Yes. Every student _______ about it.
A.tells B.told C.was told D.has told
14.In 1958, Pinyin ________ by a Chinese linguist (语言学家) and his team.
A.designs B.is designed C.designed D.was designed
15.Shenzhou-19 spacecraft ________ into space in October 2024, marking a new step in space exploration.
A.launched B.was launched C.has launched D.launches
16.— A new bridge ________ in our hometown last year.
— Yes. Thanks to our government, our life is becoming better and better.
A.is building B.is built C.was built
17.—Lily was made __________ the test paper because of the mistakes she made .
—Really I ________ anything about that .
A.copy; didn't tell B.to copy ; am not told
C.copying ; don't tell D.to copy; wasn't told
18.The 16th Asian Game in Guangzhou in November, 2010.
A.holds B.will hold C.was held D.will be held
19.—Who is the little boy in the picture
—It's me. The picture ______ 10 years ago.
A.took B.is taken C.has taken D.was taken
20.Half of the Beijing's private cars ____ off the roads due to heavy smog on Friday.
A.order B.are ordered C.ordered D.were ordered
21.一 Why didn't you come to Jenny's birthday party yesterday
一 Because I ______________________.
A.didn't invite B.isn't invited
C.wasn't invited D.haven't invited
22.— Do you know when ancient Chinese brought tea to Korea
— Yes. It ____ to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.
A.brought B.brings C.is brought D.was brought
23.Every boy and every girl ________ a new book two days ago.
A.was given B.were given C.have given
24. A housewarming party ____ when the Smiths moved to their new house.
A.held B.was held
C.will hold D.will be held
25.As is known to all,the 2022 Winter Olympics ____ in China.
A.has held B.is holding
C.will be held D.was held
26.—Tell me one thing you're proud of in your junior high school, Tom.
—I ________ as captain of the school football team.
A.choose B.chose C.was chosen
27.—Her performance on the live show was truly ____ .
—Yes. I was ____ by her performance.
A.moving; impressed
B.moving; moved
C.impressive; impressed
D.impressing; moving
E.None of the above
28.Abraham Lincoln ______ in 1865 by his enemy and died ______ his wounds.
A.shoot; of B.shot; of
C.was shot; from D.were shot; from
29.—You ______ to Jennie and Bob's wedding, but why didn't you go
—I would like to, but I happened to be on business that day.
A.are invited B.will be invited C.were invited
30. — Do you know____ in ancient China?
— I have no idea. But I know people once used tree leaves to make paper.
A.how paper was made B.how was paper made
C.what paper was made D.what was paper made
31.That was his first invention. It was a machine ________ clothes.
A.that was used to wash B.which was used to washing
C.which got used to washing D.that used to wash
32.A large amount of money ______ on the house.
A.spent B.was spent C.spends D.were spent
33.The kite _______ in China more than 2, 000 years ago.
A.invents B.invented C.is invented D.was invented
34.—Dad, what are you looking at
—An old photo. It taken a long time ago.
A.has B.was C.does D.is
35.Put on more clothes, Kate. The window in our room yesterday.
A.was broken B.are broken C.have broken
36.Many shops in China ________to shut down as a new law against ivory( 象牙)trade came into effect on January 1st,2018.
A.ordered B.didn't order C.were ordered D.are ordered
37. The students ____ how to do eye exercises just now.
A.was taught B.were taught C.taught
38. Hou Yi ____ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it.
A.gives B.has given C.gave D.was given
39.In our last chemistry class, we ________ to follow the rules strictly so that we could finish the project safely in the laboratory.
A.tell B.told C.are told D.were told
40.The Japanese swimmer was ____ in women' s 100m free style final.
A.left B.left behind C.leaving behind
41.Neither of the young men who had tried to get the job in the company _______.
A.has been accepted B.had been accepted
C.was accepted D.accepted
42.The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in February, 2022, Beijing.
A.hold B.held C.is held D.was held
43.—Perfect photos! Good skills!
—Thank you. They ________ by my HUAWEI mobile phone. I'm not skillful at all.
A.took B.were taken C.will take D.will be taken
44. Everyone except Jack and Tom ____ to clean up the classroom yesterday.
A.was asked B.are asked C.asked D.were asked
45.A new school ___________ last year in my home town.
A.set up B.sets up C.was set up
46.He _____ some pieces of advice, but he _____ to them.
A.gave; didn't listen B.was given; wasn't listened
C.give; wasn't listened D.was given; didn't listen
47. A Chinese ruler ____Shen Nong in Cha Jing by Lu Yu, "the saint of tea"____
A.was called, was mentioned B.called, was mentioned
C.called, mentioned D.was called, mentioned
48.In the old days, they ______ in the factory from morning to evening.
A.were made to work B.asked to work C.were asked for work
49.—Lots of trees and flowers ________ on both sides of the road last year.
—Oh, ________ beautiful they are!
A.planted; how B.were planted; what
C.were planted; how D.planted; what
50.The 30th Olympic Games _______ in London in 2012.
A.hold B.will hold C.will be held D.was held
参考答案及试题解析
1.B
【解析】句意:港珠澳大桥建于2019年。它把来自这三个地方的人们联系起来。主语“T heHong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge”是动词“build”的承受着,且句中的时间是“in 2019”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,结构是“was/were+过去分词”,故选B。
【点评】考查时态和被动语态。注意分析判断正确时态,掌握被动语态的用法。
2.D
3.B
【解析】句意:——我认为那家店关门了。——不,它开着在。它六点关门。close关闭,动词,接近的,形容词;第一空是宾语从句,主句是一般现在时,从句根据主现从任原则,再根据句意可知,从句描述目前的状态,用一般现在时,且shop是close的动作承受者,用一般现在时的被动语态,第二空表示六点关门,表示事物的特性,用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,一般现在时和主谓一致。注意根据语境选择正确的时态。
4.C
【解析】句意:去年,在长江上建起了另外两座美丽的桥。结合语境可知本句描述的是过去发生的动作,故用一般过去时态。主语是动作对象,故用被动语态,选C。
【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型,首先要注意句子中的时间状语,如果没有则要通过分析上下文,结合语境来判断句子的时态。语态的判断主要是确定句子主语与谓语动词的关系。如果是主动关系则用主动语态,反之如果是动宾关系,则用被动语态,尤其要注意一些特殊动词的用法。
5.C
【解析】句意:——嘿,莫莉。刚才有人打电话找你。但你不在,那人留了个电话号码。——哦?我在图书馆。根据下文语句But you weren't here and the man left a phone number.提示可知此句表示有你的电话。be wanted on the phone,表示有你的电话,由 were not here提示要用一般过去时, 故选C。
【点评】考查动词的被动语态。熟知被动语态的基本结构,根据语境来确定正确的时态。
6.C
【解析】句意:—如今, 青少年经常不得不做他们被要求去做的事情。—这不利于他们的独立。他们需要独立思考。根据句意可知,本句是一般现在时态的被动句:be(is/am/are)+动词的过去分词。所以选C。
【点评】本题考查被动语态,其结构为be+过去分词。
7.D
【解析】句意: 王源被邀请在2017年经社理事会青年论坛上发表演讲。invite邀请,动词,invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事,固定短语,此处Wang Yuan是invite的动作承受者,用被动语态,根据at ECOSOC Youth Forum 2017,可知,此处描述过去的事情, 用一般过去时,所以此处是一般过去时的被动语态,用was/were done形式,故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意根据语境选择正确的时态和语态。
8.D
【解析】句意:去年我们学校种了很多树木和花,它们使我们学校成为了一个美丽的花园。Many trees and flowers与plant是被动关系,因而使用被动句。去年是过去时态。所以选D。
9.C
10.A
【解析】句意:记者提出了一个问题:“总统先生,最近米价上涨很大。”你打算如何处理这个问题 ”raise及物动词,提出,提高,后面跟宾语,raise a question提出问题,第一个空的主语和所给空的动词存在被动关系;rise是不及物动词,上涨,升高,后面不接宾语,没有被动形式;被动语态的结构:be+过去分词,排除BD,根据时间recently,可知第二个空用现在完成时:have/has+过去分词;故答案为A。
【点评】考查被动语态和现在完成时。注意识记被动语态和现在完成时的用法。
11.B
【解析】句意:去年,在这条河上建了一座新桥。A.建,过去式的主动语态;B.被建,一般过去时的被动语态;C.已经建好,现在完成时的主动语态;D.正在建,现在进行时的主动语态。根据主语 A new bridge 一座新桥,和时间状语 last year去年,可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意掌握结构:was/were+过去分词。
12.D
【解析】句意:——照片中的小女孩是谁?——是我,这张照片是十年前照的。句子主语是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态,时间状语是十年前,应该用过去时,故答案为D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。was/were+及物动词的过去分词,过去的被动语态结构。
13.C
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:——所有的同学都知道了我们这个周六将有英语考试吗?——是的,每位同学已被告知了。every student为单数,根据语境用被动语态。故选C。
14.D
15.B
16.C
17.D
【解析】句意:莉莉被要求抄写试卷,因为她所犯的错误。真的 没有人告诉我任何事情。Make sb do sth让某人做某事,其被动形式为be made to do sth;tell sb sth告诉某人某事,其被动形式为be told sth。所以选D。
【点评】 考查被动语态。
18.C
【解析】句意:第16届亚运会在2010年11月的广州举办。hold举办,实义动词,主语Asian Game是动作hold的承受者,2010表明时态是一般过去时,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,结构是was/were+动词过去分词,主语Asian Game是单数,所以用was,hold的过去分词是held,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意平时识记其结构是was/were+动词过去分词。
19.D
【解析】句意:——照片里的小男孩是谁?——是我。这照片是十年前照的。主语the picture和动词take之间的动宾关系,时间状语10 years ago可知,本句应用一般过去时的被动语态,was+过去分词,故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意掌握结构被动语态was/were+过去分词。
20.D
【解析】句意:星期五,由于大雾,北京的私家车中有一半是被禁止的。本题考查一般过去时态的被动语态,其结构是be done的形式。根据句意,故选D。
【点评】考查动词的时态和语态。
21.C
【解析】句意:——昨天你为什么没有来Jenny的生日派对?——因为我没有被邀请。答语主语I 和invite是被动关系,被邀请,问句是一般过去时,因此这里要用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为:was/were+动词过去分词,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意根据语境确定时态和语态。
22.D
【解析】句意:——你知道古代中国人什么时候把茶带到韩国吗?——是的。它在6世纪和7世纪被带到了韩国。A:brought,带,动词过去式。B:brings,带,动词单三形式。C:is brought,被携带,现在时的被动语态。D:was brought,被携带,过去时的被动语态。根据主语it可知,物做主语,所以此处可以用被动语态。且根据during the 6th and 7th centuries可知,这是过去的时间,所以要用过去式,故选D。
【点评】考查动词辨析。注意要根据语法来判断语态和时态。
23.A
【解析】句意:两天前每个男孩和每个女孩都被给了一本新书。was given一般过去时的被动语态,主语为单数;were given也是一般过去时态的被动语态,主语为复数;have given是现在完成时,主动形式。根据句意,这句话的主语every boy and every girl与谓语动词give构成被动关系,故应使用被动语态,C排除。一般来说and连接的并列名词做主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式,但是当名词前有every, no等来修饰的时候,谓语动词用单数。故应选A。
【点评】考查主谓一致和被动语态。
24.B
【解析】句意:当史密斯一家搬到新房子时,举办了一个乔迁派对。A. held 是hold的过去式或过去分词,但这里缺少主语与动词之间必须的被动语态结构。B. was held 是hold的过去被动语态形式,表示"被举办"。C. will hold 是hold的一般将来时形式,表示将来某个时间将会举办聚会,这与句子描述的是过去发生的事件不符。D. will be held 是hold的将来被动语态形式,表示将来某个时间聚会将被举办,同样与句子的时态不符。句子描述的是一个发生在过去的被动事件,即"聚会"是"被举办"的,而且举办的时间是当史密斯一家搬入新家时,这也属于过去时态的范畴。所以我们需要用被动语态来描述这一动作,并且需要用过去时态来匹配句子描述的时间点。故选B。
【点评】考查动词时态和语态的正确使用。在时态方面,需要区分过去时态和将来时态;在语态方面,需要区分主动语态和被动语态。正确选择时态和语态需要根据句子的具体内容和上下文语境来确定。
25.D
【解析】句意:众所周知,2022年冬奥会是在中国举办的。A.has held已经举办;B.is holding正在举办;C.will be held将会被举办;D.was held被举办。根据语境"the 2022 Winter Olympics...in China"可知,此处谓语动词与主语"the 2022 Winter Olympics"为被动关系,且时间是过去的时间,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意根据主语与谓语之间的逻辑关系确定动词形式。
26.C
27.A,B,C
【解析】句意:——她在现场表演上的表演真的很感人。——是的。她的表演给我留下了深刻的印象。moving感人的,形容词,修饰物;impressive给人印象深刻的,形容词,impressing令人深刻的,形容词;impressed给……留下印象深刻,过去式或过去分词,moved使感动,过去式或过去分词,moving令人感到的,形容词或现在分词。空格前有连系动词was,要用形容词作表语;由I was 和by,可知一般过去时的被动语态was+过去分词,要用impressed或moved,故选ABC。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态的构成。根据句子的结构,确定正确的答案。
28.C
【解析】be shot被射死;die from死于……。
【点评】考查被动语态。
29.C
【解析】句意:——你被邀请参加詹妮和鲍勃的婚礼,但是你为什么没去呢?——我想去,但是那天我碰巧出差了。根据 but why didn't you go 可知,指的是你被邀请参加婚礼,由句中的didin't可知,句子是一般过去时;所以要用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为was/were done,主语是you,所以be动词用were,invite的过去分词是invited。故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意根据语境选择正确的时态和语态。
30.A
【解析】句意:—— 你知道中国古代是怎么造纸的吗? ——我不知道。但我知道人们曾经用树叶来造纸。宾语从句语序是疑问词+陈述句语序,根据回答used tree leaves to make paper,可知提问方式故用how,主语paper和谓语动词make是被动关系,描述过去时态用一般过去时,故用一般过去时被动语态,故选A。
【点评】考查宾语从句,注意识记语序,how的用法。
31.A
32.B
【解析】句意:这房子花了一大笔钱。money与spend之间被动关系,钱被花费,因此用被动语态:be +过去分词,spend-spent;房子已经买了,因此用一般过去时,a large amount of +不可数名词,做单数处理,因此be动词用was,故选B。
【点评】考查固定短语和一般过去时的被动语态的用法。注意主语与谓语动词在数上一致和根据句意确定动词的时态。
33.D
【解析】句意:风筝是中国在2000多年前发明的。invents发明,一般现在时的第三人称单数;invented一般过去时;is invented一般现在时的被动语态;was invented一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知主语是动作的承受着,用被动语态,根据时间可知是过去时,故答案为D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意识记一般过去时的被动语态。
34.B
【解析】句意:—— 爸爸,你在看什么?—— 一张老照片。它是很久以前拍的。has,有,助动词 / 实义动词;was,是,be 动词过去式;does,助动词;is,是,be 动词现在时。结合语句 "—Dad, what are you looking at —An old photo. It … taken a long time ago." 可知,主语 It(指代照片)与 taken 是被动关系,且时间是过去,需用一般过去时被动语态,故答案为 B。
【点评】考查一般过去时被动语态的用法。解题需先判断主语与动词的被动关系,再根据 "a long time ago" 确定过去时态,选择对应的 be 动词过去式 was。
35.A
【解析】句意:Kate,多穿点衣服。我们房间的窗户昨天……。根据句意可知是被打破了,用被动语态,由yesterday可知用一般过去时,故选A。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。
36.C
【解析】句意:因为一部新的法律开始在2018年1月1日生效,禁止象牙交易,中国许多商店被命令关闭。根据on January 1st, 2018,可知用一般过去时,order和many shops是动宾关系,因此用过去时的被动语态,过去时的被动语态由were/was+done构成,故选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态和语态。注意被动语态由be+done构成。
37.B
【解析】句意:刚才教学生们如何做眼保健操。was taught被教;were taught,被教;taught教;根据句意可知主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态:be+过去分词;主语students是复数,be动词用were,故答案为B。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。识记被动语态的构成和用法。
38.D
【解析】句意:后羿因为射下了九个太阳而得到了神药,然后逄蒙想偷走它。根据 for shooting down the nine suns 可知上帝给了后羿神药,give与 Hou Yi 之间是被动关系,后羿被给神药,要用被动语态,且下句的谓语动词tried,要用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词,主语是 Hou Yi ,人,单数,助动词用was,give的过去分词given。故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态的构成和用法。根据主语与动词之间的关系和语境,确定动词的语态和时态,同时注意人称和数的变化。
39.D
40.B
【解析】句意:,这位日本游泳运动员在女子100米自由泳决赛中落后。A过去式,B过去分词,C动名词,主语是swimmer,根据women' s 100m free style final,以及助动词was,可知运动员被落下,故是一般过去时被动语态,故用过去分词,故选B。
【点评】考查时态语态,注意识记一般过去时被动语态的用法。
41.C
【解析】句意:两个想在这家公司得到工作的年轻人都没有被接受。主语neither of the young men与accept构成被动关系;根据had tried可知用过去的时态,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。
42.D
【解析】句意:第24届冬奥会于2022年2月在北京举行。hold举行,一般现在时,主动语态;held举行,一般过去时,主动语态;is held举行,一般现在时的被动语态;was held一般过去时的被动语态;主语是The 24th Winter Olympic Games ,是动词hold的承受者,用被动语态。根据识记 in February, 2022可知是过去的时间,句子用一般过去时,故答案为D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。识记被动语态的构成并运用正确的时态。
43.B
【解析】句意:——多么完美的照片啊!拍摄技能真好!——谢谢你。它们是用我的华为手机拍的,我一点技术都不会。take在这个情境中意为“拍摄,拍照”,是一个动词。由语境可知,该句主语“They”指代的是“photos”,与take构成被动关系,应用被动语态,排除A和C;并且从语境中可以知道这些照片是过去拍摄的,应用一般过去时态。故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意当主语和谓语动词构成逻辑上动宾关系时,句子要用被动语态,被动语态有各种时态的变化。
44.A
【解析】句意:昨天除了杰克和汤姆以外,所有人都被要求打扫教室。A.一般过去时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数;B.一般现在时的被动语态,主语为第二人称或复数;C.一般过去时的主动语态,主语为第二人称或复数;D.一般过去时的被动语态,主语为第二人称或复数。根据主语everyone"每个人",和谓语动词ask to clean"要求打扫"之间的被动关系,以及时间状语yesterday昨天,可知句子应用一般过去时的被动语态was asked。故选A。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意 except Jack and Tom为介词短语,真正的主语是everyone。
45.C
【解析】句意:一所新学校去年在我学校被建立。A.建立,一般过去时;B.建立,一般现在时;C.被建立,一般过去时。last year表明时态是一般过去时,排除B。主语school是动作set up的承受者,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,结构是was/were+动词过去分词,school是单数,所以用was,set的过去分词是set,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意平时识记其结构,理解句意。
46.D
【解析】句意:别人给他一些建议,但是他不听。根据句意可知he与give构成被动关系,故用被动语态; listen to听;听取。he与listen to构成主动关系,故选D。
【点评】考查被动语态。
47.B
【解析】句意:一位被称为神农氏的中国统治者,在陆羽所著的《茶经》(被誉为"茶圣")中被提及。第一空需表达"被称为神农氏"的含义,即"统治者被命名为神农"。called 是过去分词,可作后置定语,表示"被称作……的"。was called 是被动语态的谓语形式,根据选项第二空才是句子的谓语,因此,第一空应选 called。第二空需表达"神农氏在《茶经》中被提及"的含义,即"被陆羽提到"。主语是 A Chinese ruler 与动词"提及"是被动关系,因此需用被动语态。was mentioned 是一般过去时的被动语态,故选B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词和时态语态,本题涉及过去分词作后置定语以及一般过去时的被动语态。
48.A
【解析】句意:在过去,他们被迫在工厂里从早上工作到晚上。根据时间状语In the old days可知此处应用一般过去的某种时态,ask sb. to do sth,要求做某事,固定搭配;make sb. do sth.,让某人做某事,被动语态结构为sb. be made to do sth.,此处主语they与谓语动词之间存在被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态结构,故选A。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意根据语境确定句子的时态和语态。
49.C
【解析】句意:——去年很多树和花种在了道路两侧。——噢,他们多漂亮啊!
trees and flowers 和plant是被动关系,应使用被动语态,根据last year,可知应使用一般过去时的被动语态,were planted;答语是感叹句,形容词后没有名词,应使用how引导,故答案是C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态和how引导的感叹句,注意根据主语和动词的关系确定语态,再就是如果形容词后没有名次出现,应使用how构成感叹句。
50.D
【解析】考查被动语态。由主语the 30th Olympic Games与谓语hold之间存在被动关系可知,应该用被动语态,再由时间状语in 2012是过去的时间,故用过去时的被动语态(was/were+过去分词),故选D。
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