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高考英语二轮复习高频考点复习学案+高考真题链接（人教选修第四册）
一、词汇部分
（一）动词类
1. extend vt. 扩展；延长；提供
高频考向：① 词性转换（v.→adj. extensive/ n. extension）；② 固定搭配（extend...to... 提供；extend to 延长到；extend by 延长了）；③ 应用文与读后续写场景应用
练习题
单句语法填空：
The government plans to ________ (extension) the subway line to the new airport, which will bring ________ (extend) benefits to residents.
完成句子：
为了支持乡村教育，学校决定将支教项目延长两年，并向当地教师提供更多培训资源。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The meeting time was (extend) by 30 minutes because the discussion on environmental protection was heated.
（2025·浙江卷·翻译）
我谨向所有为本次活动付出努力的志愿者表示衷心的感谢。（用extend）
（2023·天津卷·选择题）
The company plans to ________ its business to Southeast Asia next year.
extend B. expand C. spread D. stretch
2. deserve vt.&vi. 应受；值得
高频考向：① 词性转换（v.→adj. deserving）；② 特殊用法（deserve doing/to be done 主动表被动，类似need/want/require）；③ 褒义语境应用
练习题
单句语法填空：
The volunteers who devoted themselves to the disaster area ________ (deserve) our respect and support. Their efforts are ________ (deserve) of praise.
句型转换：
The old building deserves protection because of its historical value.（用两种方式改写）
The old building deserves ________.
The old building deserves ________.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The brave firefighter who saved the child from the fire deserves (respect).
（2024·天津卷·翻译）
那些为乡村振兴作出贡献的人值得我们铭记。
3. drag vt. 拖；拉；缓慢移动
高频考向：① 读后续写动作链描写；② 与draw/pull的辨析（drag强调“费力”，draw强调“轻拉”，pull泛指“拉”）
练习题
读后续写动作链补全
老人________（drag）沉重的行李箱，________（cup）双手呵了呵气，艰难地走向公交站，这时一个年轻人上前________（pull）过箱子，扶着他慢慢走。
【高考真题链接】
② （2025·山东卷·读后续写）
看到洪水即将漫过门槛，他立刻拖起年幼的弟弟，抓起急救包，冲向门外的高地。（翻译）
4. accuse vt. 控告；谴责
高频考向：① 与charge的搭配差异（accuse sb. of (doing) sth. / charge sb. with (doing) sth.）；② 被动语态应用；③ 法律、纠纷类语境结合
练习题
句型转换：
The police accused the suspect of stealing the valuable painting.（用charge改写）
单句语法填空：
The manager was accused of ________ (misuse) the company’s funds, which shocked all his colleagues.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·选择题）
The witness insisted that he saw the man ________ the old lady of her purse in the street.
A. accuse B. charge C. rob D. suspect
（2024·北京卷·语法填空）
The actor was (accuse) violating the traffic rules, so he made a public apology.
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·翻译）
那个被指控作弊的学生最终通过监控证明了自己的清白。
5. urge n. 冲动；欲望 vt. 催促；力劝
高频考向：① 词性转换（v.→adj. urgent）；② 从句虚拟（urge that...(should) do）；③ 搭配辨析（urge sb. to do/have an urge to do）
练习题
单句语法填空：
The doctor ________ (urge) that the patient (should) stay in bed for at least a week.
句型转换：
He has a strong urge to travel around the world.（用urge vt.改写）
He ________ around the world.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空）
The coach the players to keep practicing, saying only hard work could lead to success.
urged B. allowed C. forbade D. begged
（2023·天津卷·语法填空）
It is urged that students （develop） the habit of reading (develop) regularly.
6. attend vt. 出席；vi. 照料（attend to 关怀；照料；处理）
高频考向：① 多义性辨析（“出席”vs“照料/处理”）；② 词性转换（attend→n. attendance）；③ 服务、事务类场景应用
练习题
选词填空（attend/attend to/attendance）：
All students are required to ________ the opening ceremony on time.
The nurse has to ________ the patients’ needs carefully during the night shift.
The school will award students with perfect ________ this semester.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The teacher reminded us to (attend) the details when doing the experiment.
（2024·浙江卷·选择题）
With an elderly mother to ________, she had to give up the chance to study abroad. A. attend to B. look up C. take over D. care about
（二）名词类
1. mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕
高频考向：① 词性转换（n.→adj. merciful/merciless）；② 固定搭配（show mercy to/have mercy on 怜悯；at the mercy of 任由……摆布）；③ 读后续写情感表达
练习题
单句语法填空：
The ________ (mercy) judge didn’t punish the poor boy severely, who was completely at the mercy of his cruel stepfather.
句型转换：
The king showed no mercy to the criminals.（用merciless改写）
The king was ________ to the criminals.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·山东卷·读后续写改编）
看到受伤的小狗在雨中瑟瑟发抖，女孩心生怜悯，立刻把它抱进了温暖的屋子。（翻译）
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）
Trapped in the desert, the travelers were the harsh weather.
at the mercy of B. in the charge of C. in the control of D. at the risk of
2. possession n. 财产；拥有
高频考向：① 词性转换（n.→vt. possess）；② 搭配辨析（take possession of 表动作；in possession of 表状态；in the possession of 被……拥有）
练习题
完成句子：
他上周正式接管了父亲留下的公司，现在是这家企业的拥有者。
He ________ the company left by his father last week and is now ________ it.
这幅古画现由国家博物馆收藏。
The ancient painting is now ________ the National Museum.
2023-2025高考真题
（2024·北京卷·语法填空）
(possess) the rare book for over 50 years, the old man decided to donate it to the library.
（2025·江苏卷·选择题）
The team that is ________ the ball has a better chance to score.
in possession of B. in the possession of
taking possession of D. taken possession of
3. debt n. 债务；欠款
高频考向：① 固定短语（in debt 负债；out of debt 不欠债；pay off one’s debt 还清债务）；② 财务、生活压力类主题结合；③ 完形填空语义匹配
练习题
单句语法填空：
After years of hard work, the entrepreneur finally ________ (pay) off all his debts and became ________ (out) of debt.
完成句子：为了不让家庭陷入负债，他不得不放弃创业梦想，找一份稳定的工作。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）
The young man worked two jobs to ________ his debt caused by his father’s illness. A. pay off B. put off C. take off D. set off
（2025·浙江卷·语法填空）
Being heavily (debt) for years, the old couple had to sell their house to make ends meet.
（三）形容词类
1. greedy adj. 贪婪的；渴望的
高频考向：① 褒贬语境区分（“贪婪”vs“渴望”）；② 固定搭配（be greedy for sth. / be greedy to do sth.）；③ 学习、追求类主题结合
练习题
单句语法填空：
The little boy is greedy ________ candies, which is bad for his teeth. However, his sister is greedy ________ (learn) new skills and wins great praise.
完成句子：
年轻的科学家渴望获得更多数据，以便完善他的研究成果。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·天津卷·完形填空）
Unlike those for fame and wealth, the old doctor devotes all his life to helping the poor.
A. greedy B. anxious C. thirsty D. eager
（2025·江苏卷·语法填空）
Greedy (achieve) her goal of entering a key university, she studies until midnight every day.
2. guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
高频考向：① 词性转换（adj.→n. guilt）；② 固定搭配（be guilty of 犯罪；feel guilty about 内疚）；③ 读后续写心理描写
练习题
单句语法填空：
The man felt deep ________ (guilty) after realizing he had lied to his parents.
完成句子：
The suspect was finally proved ________ (犯有盗窃之罪) last month.
2023-2025高考真题
（2025·浙江卷·语法填空）
Feeling (guilty) about forgetting his mother’s birthday, Tom prepared a surprise party immediately after work.
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·翻译）
她因为在考试中作弊而感到无比内疚，主动向老师承认了错误。
（四）高频短语类
1. hand系列短语（in hand/at hand/by hand/hand in hand）
高频考向：语境语义辨析（侧重“手头状态、位置关系、动作方式”）
练习题
用hand短语填空：
①考试时请确保身份证和准考证在手头。
Please make sure your ID card and admission ticket are ________ during the exam.
② 传统工艺由手工制作，蕴含着匠人的心血。
Traditional crafts are made ________ and carry the craftsmen’s devotion.
③科技发展与环境保护应紧密结合，相辅相成。
Technological development and environmental protection should go ________.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空）
With the necessary materials , we started to build the community garden.
in hand B. at hand C. by hand D. on hand
（2024·浙江卷·语法填空）
A dictionary is close (hand) so that I can look up new words anytime.
2. take系列短语（take over/take off/take on/take in/take up/take...for granted）
高频考向：语境语义辨析（侧重“接管、成功、承担、理解、认为理所当然”）
练习题
用take短语适当形式填空：
After graduating, she ________ (开始从事) teaching and soon ________ (承担) the role of class advisor. Her efforts made her career ________ (大获成功) within three years.
完成句子：
我们常常理所当然地认为父母的付出是无私的，却忽略了他们也需要关爱。We often ________ that parents’ devotion is selfless, but we ignore that they also need care.
作为项目负责人，他认真对待每一个细节，充分利用现有资源。As the person who ________ the project, he ________ every detail and ________ the available resources.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·山东卷·完形填空）
When Mr. Smith retired, his son the family business and introduced new management concepts.
took over B. took in C. took up D. took off
（2024·浙江卷·语法填空）
The project (take in) volunteers from different cities, which ensured its smooth progress.
（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）
Many people that clean water is always available, but in some areas it’s a precious resource.
take it for granted B. take it seriously
take pride in D. take charge of
3. turn系列短语（turn out/turn down/turn in/turn to/turn up）
高频考向：语境语义辨析（侧重“结果、拒绝、求助、出现”）
练习题
完成句子：
He ________ (拒绝) the job offer because he wanted to stay with his family.
To my surprise, the shy girl ________ (出现) at the party and ________ (求助于) me for dance guidance.
。
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·选择题）
With no one to for help, the old lady had to call the community service center.
A. turn to B. turn in C. turn out D. turn down
（2025·北京卷·翻译）
结果证明，他在会议上提出的建议非常实用。（用turn out）
4. more than的多重含义
高频考向：① 后接数词（超过）；② 后接名词（不仅仅）；③ 后接形容词（非常）
练习题
判断more than含义：
The new library has more than 100,000 books.（ ）
Her smile is more than kind—it’s warm and sincere.（ ）
Teaching is more than a job; it’s a career.（ ）
【高考真题链接】
（2023·天津卷·语法填空）
I am more than (delight) to be invited to your graduation ceremony.
（2025·江苏卷·翻译）
这位科学家的成就不仅仅属于他个人，更属于整个团队。
二、语法部分
（一）非谓语动词
1. 动词不定式（to do）
核心总结：具名词/形容词/副词功能，关键区分“主动/被动”“完成/进行”时态，高频考点为“作状语（目的/结果）、作定语、省略to的情况”，需结合语境判断逻辑关系。
动词不定式的形式
形式 主动语态 被动语态 核心用法 高考场景
一般时 to do to be done 动作与谓语同时/之后发生 计划、目的
完成时 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语之前 回忆、总结
进行时 to be doing — 谓语发生时，不定式动作正在进行 场景描述
高频句法功能：作目的状语（高考最高频，标志：to do/in order to do，可放句首）
练习题（聚焦易错点）
单句语法填空：
①He seems ________ (work) on the project for a long time, for he looks very tired. ② The book ________ (publish) next month is written by a famous author.
③My parents let me ________ (go) to the party, but I was made ________ (come) back before 10.
2. 过去分词（done）
核心总结：与逻辑主语为“被动关系”，核心功能为作定语、表语、状语、宾补；作定语时，done表“被动完成”，being done表“被动进行”，to be done表“被动未来”。
优化练习题
单句语法填空：
The painting ________ (donate) by a local artist is now on display.
________ (inspire) by her teacher’s words, she decided to pursue her dream of becoming a doctor.
完形填空：
The mother found her baby ________ (wrap) in a warm blanket when she got home. A. wrapping B. wrapped C. to wrap D. be wrapped
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空）
The painting ________ (donate) by a local artist is now on display.
（2025·山东卷·语法填空）
________ (inspire) by her teacher’s words, she decided to pursue her dream of becoming a doctor.
（2024·北京卷·完形填空）
The mother found her baby ________ (wrap) in a warm blanket when she got home. A. wrapping B. wrapped C. to wrap D. be wrapped
（二）被动语态
被动语态核心结构
时态 被动结构 高考高频场景
一般现在时 am/is/are + done 客观事实、规则
现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done 正在被进行的动作
现在完成时 have/has + been + done 已完成的被动动作
动词不定式 to be + done 未来的被动动作
练习题
单句语法填空：
A new library ________ (build) in our community now and it will open next year.
The documents ________ (prepare) by the secretary before the meeting started.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
A new library (build) in our community and it will open next year.
（2024·浙江卷·选择题）
The documents ________ by the secretary before the meeting started.
have been prepared B. were prepared
had been prepared D. are prepared
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·翻译）
这些珍贵的文物需要被妥善保护以传承给后代。
（三）虚拟语气
核心总结：高考高频为wish后宾语从句及urge后的虚拟，关键掌握“时态阶梯”：与现在事实相反用过去式，与过去事实相反用had done，与将来事实相反用would/could do。
练习题（时态阶梯专项）
愿望指向 题目 答案
与现在事实相反 I wish I ________ (be) tall enough to join the basketball team. （我希望我足够高能加入篮球队。）
与过去事实相反 She wishes she ________ (not miss) the important lecture yesterday. （她希望昨天没错过那场重要的讲座。）
与将来事实相反 We wish the rain ________ (stop) tomorrow so that we can go camping.（我们希望明天雨停，这样就能去露营了。）
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
I wish I (invite) to attend the lecture yesterday. It was really valuable.
（2024·全国甲卷·选择题）
—You look upset. What’s wrong —I wish I ________ my parents’ advice before quitting the job.
took B. had taken C. take D. would take
（2025·北京卷·翻译）
我多么希望我的弟弟能明白，努力学习是实现梦想的唯一途径。
（四）复合句
1. 定语从句（含“介词+关系代词”结构）
高频考向：① 指人用“介词+whom”，指物用“介词+which”；② 固定搭配中介词的选择；③ 非限制性定语从句与并列句的区分
优化练习题
单句语法填空：
The volunteers ________ whom I worked last month are all college students.
The book ________ which I borrowed from the library is very inspiring.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The team members， among there are three experts, finished the task ahead of time./ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
高考英语二轮复习高频考点重点复习学案（人教选修第四册）
一、词汇部分
（一）动词类
1. extend vt. 扩展；延长；提供
高频考向：① 词性转换（v.→adj. extensive/ n. extension）；② 固定搭配（extend...to... 提供；extend to 延长到；extend by 延长了）；③ 应用文与读后续写场景应用
练习题
单句语法填空：
The government plans to ________ (extension) the subway line to the new airport, which will bring ________ (extend) benefits to residents.
答案：extend；extensive
解析：第一空需动词作谓语，第二空需形容词修饰benefits，贴合“城市交通建设”场景。
完成句子：
为了支持乡村教育，学校决定将支教项目延长两年，并向当地教师提供更多培训资源。
答案：To support rural education, the school decided to extend the teaching-aid program by two years and extend more training resources to local teachers.
解析：区分“extend by（延长了）”与“extend...to...（提供给）”，贴合“教育帮扶”主题。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The meeting time was (extend) by 30 minutes because the discussion on environmental protection was heated.
答案：extended
解析：考点为被动语态与extend by短语，“会议延长”贴合“环保讨论”场景，主语time与extend为被动关系，用过去分词。
（2025·浙江卷·翻译）
我谨向所有为本次活动付出努力的志愿者表示衷心的感谢。（用extend）
答案：I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the volunteers who have made efforts for this activity.
解析：考点为extend...to...表“提供”，贴合“活动致谢”应用文场景，符合高考应用文常用表达。
（2023·天津卷·选择题）
The company plans to ________ its business to Southeast Asia next year.
extend B. expand C. spread D. stretch
答案：A
解析：考点为动词词义辨析，extend强调“范围延伸”，“业务拓展至东南亚”贴合商业场景；B“扩张”侧重规模，C“传播”侧重范围扩散，D“拉伸”侧重物理形态，均不符。
2. deserve vt.&vi. 应受；值得
高频考向：① 词性转换（v.→adj. deserving）；② 特殊用法（deserve doing/to be done 主动表被动，类似need/want/require）；③ 褒义语境应用
练习题
单句语法填空：
The volunteers who devoted themselves to the disaster area ________ (deserve) our respect and support. Their efforts are ________ (deserve) of praise.
答案：deserve；deserving
解析：第一空动词作谓语，第二空deserving of为固定搭配，贴合“救灾志愿者”褒义场景。
句型转换：
The old building deserves protection because of its historical value.（用两种方式改写）
The old building deserves ________.
The old building deserves ________.
答案：protecting；to be protected
解析：考deserve的主动表被动用法，强化特殊语法点记忆。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The brave firefighter who saved the child from the fire deserves (respect).
答案：respecting/to be respected
解析：考点为deserve的特殊用法，“消防员值得尊重”贴合“英雄事迹”主题，两种形式均正确，易错点为漏用主动表被动结构。
（2024·天津卷·翻译）
那些为乡村振兴作出贡献的人值得我们铭记。
答案：Those who have contributed to rural revitalization deserve our remembrance/to be remembered by us.
解析：考点为deserve的语境应用，“乡村振兴”贴合时政主题，强化“贡献者值得铭记”的褒义表达。
3. drag vt. 拖；拉；缓慢移动
高频考向：① 读后续写动作链描写；② 与draw/pull的辨析（drag强调“费力”，draw强调“轻拉”，pull泛指“拉”）
练习题
读后续写动作链补全
老人________（drag）沉重的行李箱，________（cup）双手呵了呵气，艰难地走向公交站，这时一个年轻人上前________（pull）过箱子，扶着他慢慢走。
答案：dragged；cupped；pulled
解析：结合“老人出行”场景，用drag体现箱子沉重，cup hands为固定肢体动作，pull表主动帮助，符合动作链逻辑。
【高考真题链接】
② （2025·山东卷·读后续写）
看到洪水即将漫过门槛，他立刻拖起年幼的弟弟，抓起急救包，冲向门外的高地。（翻译）
答案：Seeing the flood was about to overflow the threshold, he immediately dragged his young brother, grabbed the first-aid kit, and rushed to the high ground outside the door.
解析：考点为drag在动作链中的应用，“拖起弟弟”体现紧急与费力，贴合“洪水逃生”场景，符合读后续写动作描写要求。
4. accuse vt. 控告；谴责
高频考向：① 与charge的搭配差异（accuse sb. of (doing) sth. / charge sb. with (doing) sth.）；② 被动语态应用；③ 法律、纠纷类语境结合
练习题
句型转换：
The police accused the suspect of stealing the valuable painting.（用charge改写）答案：The police charged the suspect with stealing the valuable painting.
解析：核心考点为“accuse...of”与“charge...with”的同义替换，均表“控告某人做某事”。
单句语法填空：
The manager was accused of ________ (misuse) the company’s funds, which shocked all his colleagues.
答案：misusing
解析：accuse sb. of后接动名词，“滥用公司资金”为具体控告内容，贴合“职场纠纷”场景。
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·选择题）
The witness insisted that he saw the man ________ the old lady of her purse in the street.
A. accuse B. charge C. rob D. suspect
答案：C
解析：考点为动词搭配辨析，干扰项为A、B。accuse/charge均表“控告”，而“抢劫某人某物”固定用rob sb. of sth.，符合“街头抢劫”语境；D“怀疑”语义不符。
（2024·北京卷·语法填空）
The actor was (accuse) violating the traffic rules, so he made a public apology.
答案：accused of
解析：考点为被动语态与固定搭配，“被控告违反交通规则”用be accused of，此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，贴合“公众人物自律”主题。
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·翻译）
那个被指控作弊的学生最终通过监控证明了自己的清白。
答案：The student who was accused of cheating finally proved his innocence through the surveillance camera.
解析：考点为accuse的定语从句应用，“被指控作弊”用被动语态，贴合“校园诚信”场景，符合高考翻译“复杂句式”要求。
5. urge n. 冲动；欲望 vt. 催促；力劝
高频考向：① 词性转换（v.→adj. urgent）；② 从句虚拟（urge that...(should) do）；③ 搭配辨析（urge sb. to do/have an urge to do）
练习题
单句语法填空：
The doctor ________ (urge) that the patient (should) stay in bed for at least a week.答案：urged
解析：考点为urge后的虚拟语气，“医生建议病人卧床”符合医疗场景，虚拟结构中should可省略。
句型转换：
He has a strong urge to travel around the world.（用urge vt.改写）
He ________ around the world.
答案：urges himself to travel
解析：考动词用法与名词用法的转换，保持“渴望旅行”的核心语义。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空）
The coach the players to keep practicing, saying only hard work could lead to success.
urged B. allowed C. forbade D. begged
答案：A
解析：考点为动词词义辨析，“教练督促球员”符合运动场景逻辑，B“允许”、C“禁止”、D“恳求”均不符；且urge sb. to do为核心搭配。
（2023·天津卷·语法填空）
It is urged that students （develop） the habit of reading (develop) regularly.
答案：(should) develop
解析：考点为It is urged that...的虚拟结构，“倡导学生阅读”贴合教育主题，虚拟语气为必考点。
6. attend vt. 出席；vi. 照料（attend to 关怀；照料；处理）
高频考向：① 多义性辨析（“出席”vs“照料/处理”）；② 词性转换（attend→n. attendance）；③ 服务、事务类场景应用
练习题
选词填空（attend/attend to/attendance）：
All students are required to ________ the opening ceremony on time.
The nurse has to ________ the patients’ needs carefully during the night shift.
The school will award students with perfect ________ this semester.
答案：attend；attend to；attendance
解析：①“出席典礼”用attend；②“照料病人需求”用attend to；③“全勤”用名词attendance，覆盖动词、短语、名词用法。
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The teacher reminded us to (attend) the details when doing the experiment.
答案：attend to
解析：考点为固定短语，“注意细节”用attend to，此处不定式作宾语补足语，贴合“实验操作”场景。
（2024·浙江卷·选择题）
With an elderly mother to ________, she had to give up the chance to study abroad. A. attend to B. look up C. take over D. care about
答案：A
解析：考点为动词短语辨析，“照料年迈母亲”用attend to，强调“具体的照顾行动”；B“查阅”、C“接管”、D“关心”（情感层面）均不符。
（二）名词类
1. mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕
高频考向：① 词性转换（n.→adj. merciful/merciless）；② 固定搭配（show mercy to/have mercy on 怜悯；at the mercy of 任由……摆布）；③ 读后续写情感表达
练习题
单句语法填空：
The ________ (mercy) judge didn’t punish the poor boy severely, who was completely at the mercy of his cruel stepfather.
答案：merciful
解析：需形容词修饰judge，“法官仁慈”与“男孩任由继父摆布”形成对比，贴合故事场景。
句型转换：
The king showed no mercy to the criminals.（用merciless改写）
The king was ________ to the criminals.
答案：merciless
解析：考形容词转换，保持“国王对罪犯无仁慈”核心语义。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·山东卷·读后续写改编）
看到受伤的小狗在雨中瑟瑟发抖，女孩心生怜悯，立刻把它抱进了温暖的屋子。（翻译）
答案：Seeing the injured puppy trembling in the rain, the girl showed mercy to it and immediately held it into the warm house.
解析：考点为show mercy to的场景应用，“救助小狗”贴合温情主题，符合读后续写情感表达要求。
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）
Trapped in the desert, the travelers were the harsh weather.
at the mercy of B. in the charge of C. in the control of D. at the risk of
答案：A
解析：考点为固定短语辨析，“旅行者受恶劣天气摆布”贴合“沙漠求生”场景；B“由……负责”、C“被……控制”（主动）、D“冒……风险”均不符。
2. possession n. 财产；拥有
高频考向：① 词性转换（n.→vt. possess）；② 搭配辨析（take possession of 表动作；in possession of 表状态；in the possession of 被……拥有）
练习题
完成句子：
他上周正式接管了父亲留下的公司，现在是这家企业的拥有者。
He ________ the company left by his father last week and is now ________ it.
答案：took possession of；in possession of
解析：区分“动作”与“状态”，贴合“财产继承”场景。
这幅古画现由国家博物馆收藏。
The ancient painting is now ________ the National Museum.
答案：in the possession of
解析：表“被拥有”，贴合“文物收藏”主题。
2023-2025高考真题
（2024·北京卷·语法填空）
(possess) the rare book for over 50 years, the old man decided to donate it to the library.
答案：Having possessed
解析：考点为现在分词完成式，“拥有珍书50年”动作先于“捐赠”，用having done表主动完成，贴合“文化传承”主题。
（2025·江苏卷·选择题）
The team that is ________ the ball has a better chance to score.
in possession of B. in the possession of
taking possession of D. taken possession of
答案：A
解析：考点为短语辨析，“拥有球权”表状态，用in possession of；C表“正在接管”动作，与语境不符；B、D表被动，排除。
3. debt n. 债务；欠款
高频考向：① 固定短语（in debt 负债；out of debt 不欠债；pay off one’s debt 还清债务）；② 财务、生活压力类主题结合；③ 完形填空语义匹配
练习题
单句语法填空：
After years of hard work, the entrepreneur finally ________ (pay) off all his debts and became ________ (out) of debt.
答案：paid；out
解析：第一空“还清债务”用pay off，结合became可知用过去式；第二空为固定短语out of debt，表“摆脱负债状态”。
完成句子：为了不让家庭陷入负债，他不得不放弃创业梦想，找一份稳定的工作。
答案：To prevent his family from being in debt, he had to give up his entrepreneurial dream and find a stable job.
解析：“陷入负债”用be in debt，结合“prevent...from doing”结构，贴合“创业与现实”场景。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）
The young man worked two jobs to ________ his debt caused by his father’s illness. A. pay off B. put off C. take off D. set off
答案：A
解析：考点为动词短语辨析，“还清父亲治病欠下的债务”贴合语境；B“推迟”、C“起飞”、D“出发”均不符，pay off强调“清偿债务”的结果。
（2025·浙江卷·语法填空）
Being heavily (debt) for years, the old couple had to sell their house to make ends meet.
答案：in debt
解析：考点为固定短语，“多年负债累累”用be heavily in debt，此处being短语作原因状语，贴合“生活困境”主题。
（三）形容词类
1. greedy adj. 贪婪的；渴望的
高频考向：① 褒贬语境区分（“贪婪”vs“渴望”）；② 固定搭配（be greedy for sth. / be greedy to do sth.）；③ 学习、追求类主题结合
练习题
单句语法填空：
The little boy is greedy ________ candies, which is bad for his teeth. However, his sister is greedy ________ (learn) new skills and wins great praise.
答案：for；to learn
解析：第一空“贪婪糖果”用be greedy for（贬义）；第二空“渴望学技能”用be greedy to do（褒义），体现同一词的语境差异。
完成句子：
年轻的科学家渴望获得更多数据，以便完善他的研究成果。
答案：The young scientist is greedy for more data to improve his research results.
解析：“渴望获得数据”用be greedy for，贴合“科研探索”主题，不定式作目的状语。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·天津卷·完形填空）
Unlike those for fame and wealth, the old doctor devotes all his life to helping the poor.
A. greedy B. anxious C. thirsty D. eager
答案：A
解析：考点为形容词词义辨析，“贪婪名利”用greedy for（贬义）；B“焦虑的”、C“口渴的”、D“渴望的”（褒义）均不符，此处通过对比突出医生的高尚。
（2025·江苏卷·语法填空）
Greedy (achieve) her goal of entering a key university, she studies until midnight every day.
答案：to achieve
解析：考点为be greedy to do的省略结构，“渴望考上重点大学”用greedy to achieve，此处形容词短语作原因状语，贴合“高考备考”场景。
2. guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
高频考向：① 词性转换（adj.→n. guilt）；② 固定搭配（be guilty of 犯罪；feel guilty about 内疚）；③ 读后续写心理描写
练习题
单句语法填空：
The man felt deep ________ (guilty) after realizing he had lied to his parents.
答案：guilt
解析：形容词deep修饰名词，体现“内心的愧疚感”，贴合家庭关系主题。
完成句子：
The suspect was finally proved ________ (犯有盗窃之罪) last month.
答案：guilty of theft
解析：固定搭配be guilty of后接名词，符合法律场景表达。
2023-2025高考真题
（2025·浙江卷·语法填空）
Feeling (guilty) about forgetting his mother’s birthday, Tom prepared a surprise party immediately after work.
答案：guilty
解析：考点为形容词作伴随状语，“忘记生日的愧疚”贴合家庭情感主题；易错点：易误写为名词guilt，忽略此处需形容词体现状态。
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·翻译）
她因为在考试中作弊而感到无比内疚，主动向老师承认了错误。
答案：She felt extremely guilty about cheating in the exam and took the initiative to admit her mistake to the teacher.
解析：考点为feel guilty about短语及并列谓语，“考试作弊”场景贴近学生生活，强化语境应用。
（四）高频短语类
1. hand系列短语（in hand/at hand/by hand/hand in hand）
高频考向：语境语义辨析（侧重“手头状态、位置关系、动作方式”）
练习题
用hand短语填空：
①考试时请确保身份证和准考证在手头。
Please make sure your ID card and admission ticket are ________ during the exam.
② 传统工艺由手工制作，蕴含着匠人的心血。
Traditional crafts are made ________ and carry the craftsmen’s devotion.
③科技发展与环境保护应紧密结合，相辅相成。
Technological development and environmental protection should go ________.
答案：in hand；by hand；hand in hand
解析：结合“考试、工艺、环保”场景，强化短语语义区分。
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空）
With the necessary materials , we started to build the community garden.
in hand B. at hand C. by hand D. on hand
答案：A
解析：考点为短语辨析，“材料在手边”表“已准备好的状态”，用in hand；B“在附近”、D“现有”侧重客观存在，C“手工”不符语境。
（2024·浙江卷·语法填空）
A dictionary is close (hand) so that I can look up new words anytime.
答案：at hand
解析：考点为at hand表“近在手边”，“词典常备”贴合学习场景，符合高频用法。
2. take系列短语（take over/take off/take on/take in/take up/take...for granted）
高频考向：语境语义辨析（侧重“接管、成功、承担、理解、认为理所当然”）
练习题
用take短语适当形式填空：
After graduating, she ________ (开始从事) teaching and soon ________ (承担) the role of class advisor. Her efforts made her career ________ (大获成功) within three years.
答案：took up; took on; take off
解析：结合“教师职业发展”场景，串联三个短语的核心用法，强化语境记忆。
完成句子：
我们常常理所当然地认为父母的付出是无私的，却忽略了他们也需要关爱。We often ________ that parents’ devotion is selfless, but we ignore that they also need care.
作为项目负责人，他认真对待每一个细节，充分利用现有资源。As the person who ________ the project, he ________ every detail and ________ the available resources.
答案：take it for granted；takes charge of；takes seriously；takes advantage of
解析：串联take系列短语，贴合“家庭与工作”场景，强化句型与搭配记忆。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·山东卷·完形填空）
When Mr. Smith retired, his son the family business and introduced new management concepts.
took over B. took in C. took up D. took off
答案：A
解析：考点为短语辨析，“儿子接管家族企业”符合“传承”主题，A“接管”匹配语境；B“吸收”、C“从事”、D“起飞”均不符。
（2024·浙江卷·语法填空）
The project (take in) volunteers from different cities, which ensured its smooth progress.
答案：took in
解析：考点为take in表“吸收、接纳”，“项目接纳各地志愿者”贴合公益主题，强调短语的语境适配性。
（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）
Many people that clean water is always available, but in some areas it’s a precious resource.
take it for granted B. take it seriously
take pride in D. take charge of
答案：A
解析：考点为短语辨析，“认为清水易得”符合“资源保护”主题，A贴合语境；其他选项语义不符。
3. turn系列短语（turn out/turn down/turn in/turn to/turn up）
高频考向：语境语义辨析（侧重“结果、拒绝、求助、出现”）
练习题
完成句子：
He ________ (拒绝) the job offer because he wanted to stay with his family.
To my surprise, the shy girl ________ (出现) at the party and ________ (求助于) me for dance guidance.
答案：turned down; turned up; turned to
解析：结合“求职与社交”场景，覆盖三个高频短语，强化语义区分。
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·选择题）
With no one to for help, the old lady had to call the community service center.
A. turn to B. turn in C. turn out D. turn down
答案：A
解析：考点为短语辨析，“无人可求助”符合老年服务主题，turn to表“求助于”为固定搭配；其他选项语义不符。
（2025·北京卷·翻译）
结果证明，他在会议上提出的建议非常实用。（用turn out）
答案：It turned out that the suggestion he put forward at the meeting was very practical.
解析：考点为It turns out that...句型，“会议建议”贴合职场场景，强调形式主语与从句的衔接。
4. more than的多重含义
高频考向：① 后接数词（超过）；② 后接名词（不仅仅）；③ 后接形容词（非常）
练习题
判断more than含义：
The new library has more than 100,000 books.（超过）
Her smile is more than kind—it’s warm and sincere.（非常）
Teaching is more than a job; it’s a career.（不仅仅）
【高考真题链接】
（2023·天津卷·语法填空）
I am more than (delight) to be invited to your graduation ceremony.
答案：delighted
解析：考点为more than+形容词表“非常”，“受邀参加毕业典礼”贴合校园场景，形容词化过去分词作表语。
（2025·江苏卷·翻译）
这位科学家的成就不仅仅属于他个人，更属于整个团队。
答案：The scientist’s achievements are more than his own; they belong to the whole team.
解析：考点为more than+名词表“不仅仅”，“科研团队”主题贴合创新话题，强化并列句逻辑。
二、语法部分
（一）非谓语动词
1. 动词不定式（to do）
核心总结：具名词/形容词/副词功能，关键区分“主动/被动”“完成/进行”时态，高频考点为“作状语（目的/结果）、作定语、省略to的情况”，需结合语境判断逻辑关系。
动词不定式的形式
形式 主动语态 被动语态 核心用法 高考场景
一般时 to do to be done 动作与谓语同时/之后发生 计划、目的
完成时 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语之前 回忆、总结
进行时 to be doing — 谓语发生时，不定式动作正在进行 场景描述
高频句法功能：作目的状语（高考最高频，标志：to do/in order to do，可放句首）
练习题（聚焦易错点）
单句语法填空：
①He seems ________ (work) on the project for a long time, for he looks very tired. ② The book ________ (publish) next month is written by a famous author.
③My parents let me ________ (go) to the party, but I was made ________ (come) back before 10.
答案：to have been working；to be published；go；to come
解析：① 表“持续工作”用进行时，“先于look tired”用完成时；
②表“下月出版”用to be published；
③ 主动省to，被动补to。
2. 过去分词（done）
核心总结：与逻辑主语为“被动关系”，核心功能为作定语、表语、状语、宾补；作定语时，done表“被动完成”，being done表“被动进行”，to be done表“被动未来”。
优化练习题
单句语法填空：
The painting ________ (donate) by a local artist is now on display.
答案：donated
解析：过去分词作定语，表被动完成，贴合艺术主题。
________ (inspire) by her teacher’s words, she decided to pursue her dream of becoming a doctor.
答案：Inspired
解析：过去分词作原因状语，与逻辑主语she为被动关系，贴合励志主题。
完形填空：
The mother found her baby ________ (wrap) in a warm blanket when she got home. A. wrapping B. wrapped C. to wrap D. be wrapped
答案：B
解析：过去分词作宾补，“婴儿被包裹”与宾语baby为被动关系，find+宾语+done表“发现某物处于某状态”。
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空）
The painting ________ (donate) by a local artist is now on display.
答案：donated
解析：考点为过去分词作定语，“画家捐赠的画”表被动完成，相当于which was donated，贴合艺术主题。
（2025·山东卷·语法填空）
________ (inspire) by her teacher’s words, she decided to pursue her dream of becoming a doctor.
答案：Inspired
解析：考点为过去分词作原因状语，“受老师鼓励”与逻辑主语she为被动关系，贴合励志主题。
（2024·北京卷·完形填空）
The mother found her baby ________ (wrap) in a warm blanket when she got home. A. wrapping B. wrapped C. to wrap D. be wrapped
答案：B
解析：考点为过去分词作宾补，“婴儿被包裹”与宾语baby为被动关系，find+宾语+done表“发现某物处于某状态”。
（二）被动语态
被动语态核心结构
时态 被动结构 高考高频场景
一般现在时 am/is/are + done 客观事实、规则
现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done 正在被进行的动作
现在完成时 have/has + been + done 已完成的被动动作
动词不定式 to be + done 未来的被动动作
练习题
单句语法填空：
A new library ________ (build) in our community now and it will open next year.
答案：is being built
解析：现在进行时被动，强调动作正在进行，贴合民生主题。
The documents ________ (prepare) by the secretary before the meeting started.答案：had been prepared
解析：过去完成时被动，动作发生在started之前，强调先后顺序。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
A new library (build) in our community and it will open next year.
答案：is being built
解析：考点为现在进行时被动，“社区建图书馆”贴合民生主题，强调动作正在进行。
（2024·浙江卷·选择题）
The documents ________ by the secretary before the meeting started.
have been prepared B. were prepared
had been prepared D. are prepared
答案：C
解析：考点为过去完成时被动，“会议前准备文件”动作发生在started之前，用过去完成时，强调动作先后顺序。
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·翻译）
这些珍贵的文物需要被妥善保护以传承给后代。
答案：These precious cultural relics need to be properly protected to be passed on to future generations.
解析：考点为不定式被动，“文物保护”贴合文化主题，need to be done表被动需求。
（三）虚拟语气
核心总结：高考高频为wish后宾语从句及urge后的虚拟，关键掌握“时态阶梯”：与现在事实相反用过去式，与过去事实相反用had done，与将来事实相反用would/could do。
练习题（时态阶梯专项）
愿望指向 题目 答案
与现在事实相反 I wish I ________ (be) tall enough to join the basketball team. （我希望我足够高能加入篮球队。） were
与过去事实相反 She wishes she ________ (not miss) the important lecture yesterday. （她希望昨天没错过那场重要的讲座。） hadn’t missed
与将来事实相反 We wish the rain ________ (stop) tomorrow so that we can go camping.（我们希望明天雨停，这样就能去露营了。） would stop
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
I wish I (invite) to attend the lecture yesterday. It was really valuable.
答案：had been invited
解析：考点为与过去事实相反的虚拟，“昨天没被邀请”用had been invited，被动语态贴合“遗憾错过讲座”场景。
（2024·全国甲卷·选择题）
—You look upset. What’s wrong —I wish I ________ my parents’ advice before quitting the job.
took B. had taken C. take D. would take
答案：B
解析：考点为虚拟语气时态，“辞职前没听父母建议”是过去事实，用had taken，贴合“职场后悔”场景。
（2025·北京卷·翻译）
我多么希望我的弟弟能明白，努力学习是实现梦想的唯一途径。
答案：How I wish my younger brother would understand that studying hard is the only way to realize his dream.
解析：考点为与将来事实相反的虚拟，“希望弟弟能明白”用would understand，体现“期望与现实的差距”，贴合“亲情与成长”主题。
（四）复合句
1. 定语从句（含“介词+关系代词”结构）
高频考向：① 指人用“介词+whom”，指物用“介词+which”；② 固定搭配中介词的选择；③ 非限制性定语从句与并列句的区分
优化练习题
单句语法填空：
The volunteers ________ whom I worked last month are all college students.
The book ________ which I borrowed from the library is very inspiring.
答案：with; that/which
解析：① 固定搭配work with sb.，故用with whom；② borrow后直接接宾语，关系代词可省略或用that/which。
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The team members, among whom there are three experts, finished the task ahead of time.
答案：whom
解析：考点为among whom引导非限制性定语从句，“团队含专家”贴合协作主题，先行词为人，故用whom。
