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高考英语二轮复习高频考点复习学案+高考真题链接（人教选修第二册）
复习总览：本资料整合选修第二册U1-U5核心知识点，近三年高考高频结合“疾病防控、跨文化交流、急救健康、传统文化”四大主题，词汇侧重“固定搭配+语境辨析”，语法侧重“逻辑判断+场景应用”，覆盖语法填空（25%-30%）、完形填空、翻译等核心题型，是二轮复习“考点强化+实战突破”的核心素材。
一、核心词汇专项
1. blame vt. / n. 责怪；责任
核心考点：① 主动表被动（be to blame表“应受责备”，无被动形式）；
② 搭配：blame sb. for sth. 因某事责怪某人；blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人；take the blame 承担责任）；
③ 语境区分“追责”与“担责”语义。
练习题
单句语法填空：
Don’t blame the failure on others—you should ________ (take) the blame for your carelessness.
完成句子：
很多人误以为老年人容易生病就该被指责，这是完全错误的。
Many people mistakenly think the elderly ________ easily getting sick, which is completely wrong.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·山东卷·完形填空）
The manager made it clear that no one was for the accident, as it was caused by bad weather.
to blame B. blaming C. blamed D. to be blamed
（2024·江苏卷·语法填空）
People used to the spread of the disease on “bad air” before John Snow’s research.
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·翻译）
我们应该客观分析问题，而不是一味地指责他人。
2. defend vt. / defence n. 保卫；辩解
核心考点：① 介词搭配（defend...against/from 保卫……抵御……；in defence of 为……辩护/保护）；② 词性转换（defend→defence 名词形式）；
③ 场景适配（健康防护、言语辩解、物理保卫）。
练习题
单句语法填空：
Wearing masks can ________ (defend) us against the spread of viruses.
句型转换：
He stood up to protect the weak student from being bullied.（用defence短语改写）He stood up ________ the weak student from being bullied.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·北京卷·选择题）
The immune system helps ________ the body against harmful bacteria and viruses. A. defend B. prevent C. protect D. guard
（2024·天津卷·语法填空）
In his (defend), he said he had no idea about the wrong data in the report.
3. come相关短语（高频多义）
核心考点：区分易混短语：① come up with“提出（观点/计划）”vs come up“（问题/话题）被提出”；② come down with“患病”vs come across“偶遇”；③ 关联“疾病、学习、问题解决”主题。
练习题
用come短语填空：
When it ________ English learning strategies, our teacher always ________ practical ideas.
She ________ a fever after working overtime for a week, so her colleague offered to help her.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国甲卷·完形填空）
When the question of how to improve public health came up in the meeting, Dr. Li came up with a detailed plan.
came up; came up with B. came across; came out
came down with; came on D. came about; came up
2)（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
I came across an old friend when I was doing research on cholera in the library.
4. all相关短语（逻辑衔接）
核心考点：区分语义差异：① above all“最重要的是”vs first of all“首先”；② after all“毕竟”vs all in all“总而言之”；③ 写作中承担“开头、转折、总结”的衔接功能。
练习题
用all短语填空：
________, you should wear protective gear when doing experiments. ________, you’re new to this and safety comes first. ② ________, the medical team has treated 50 patients ________.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·江苏卷·翻译）
最重要的是，我们要养成良好的卫生习惯，毕竟健康是一切的基础。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·选择题）
All in all, the campaign to prevent the spread of diseases has achieved great success. A. Above all B. After all C. All in all D. In all
二、核心语法专项
（一）名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句）
核心考点：① 连接词分类及功能；② 四大从句易错点对比；③ 结合“跨文化、健康、文化传播”主题应用。
连接词分类及功能
类别 典型词 核心功能 主题例句
从属连词 that whether 无实义；不充当成分（whether表“是否”） That Xie Lei adapted to campus life quickly surprised us.（主语从句）
连接代词 what who whose 有实义；充当主/宾/表/定语 We wondered what made American food different from Chinese food.（宾语从句）
连接副词 why/how/ when/where 有实义；充当状语（原因/方式/时间/地点） This is why many foreigners are interested in Chinese tea culture.（表语从句）
特殊引导词 because as if because表原因；as if表“似乎” The key is because we respect different cultural customs.（表语从句）
2. 四大从句高频易错点
主语从句：that不可省；if不可置于句首（需用whether）；长从句用it作形式主语。
宾语从句：think/believe后否定转移；discuss后只用whether；复合宾语用it作形式宾语。
表语从句：if不可引导；reason作主语时，表语从句用that（不用because）；建议类名词（suggestion/advice）后用“(should) do”虚拟语气。
同位语从句：修饰抽象名词（news/idea/suggestion）；that无义不充当成分（区别于定语从句that）。
练习题
________ we will hold the cross-cultural salon depends on the weather.
The tutor’s suggestion ________ we should read more English literature is practical.
句型转换：
We find that learning about foreign customs is very interesting.（用it作形式宾语改写）
We find ________ very interesting ________ about foreign customs.
The reason why cholera spread quickly was ________ people drank polluted water.
My suggestion is that we ________ (strengthen) food safety supervision.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
It is clear the integration of AI and traditional art (like the Go art exhibition) opens new possibilities.
（2025·北京卷·选择题）
My foreign friend asked me ________ Chinese names carry special cultural meanings.
that B. whether C. what D. how
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The question ________ we can promote cultural exchange through food remains to be discussed.
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空）
This is they need an English trainer to help with international communication.
（2024·天津卷·翻译）
我们最担心的是这种疾病是否会再次爆发。
（2023·浙江卷·翻译）
我们都很清楚，尊重不同的文化习俗有助于建立良好的人际关系。
（二）状语从句与特殊结构
1. until引导的时间状语从句
核心考点：① 句型区分（延续性动词→肯定句；非延续性动词→not...until...）；② 倒装结构（Not until句首，主句半倒装）；③ 强调结构（It is/was not until...that...）。
练习题
单句语法填空：
The research team didn’t stop working ________ they found the source of the infection.
句型转换：
The doctor didn’t leave the hospital until all patients were out of danger.（改为倒装句）
________ all patients were out of danger ________ the doctor leave the hospital.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
It was not the 19th century that cholera was finally controlled by modern medicine.
（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·选择题）
Not until the results of the experiment came out ________ the correctness of his theory.
he confirmed B. did he confirm C. confirmed he D. he did confirm
2. so...that...结果状语从句
核心考点：① 句型匹配（so+adj./adv.+that；so+many/much+that；such+名词+that）；② 倒装结构（so/such句首，主句半倒装）；③ 强调结果程度。
练习题
单句语法填空：
The cholera spread ________ quickly that hundreds of people were infected in a week.
句型转换：
He made such a detailed plan that it was highly praised by the team.（用so改写）He made the plan ________ detailed ________ it was highly praised by the team.
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）
The doctor’s report was so (convince) that the government took immediate action.
（2025·浙江卷·翻译）
他对霍乱的研究如此深入，以至于为后世的防疫工作奠定了基础。
3. have sth. done 特殊结构
核心考点：① 语义区分（请人做某事；主语遭遇某事；使某事被做）；② 与have sb. do/doing对比；③ 体现被动含义。
练习题
单句语法填空：
The villagers ________ (have) the polluted well closed to stop the spread of cholera.
单句语法填空：
The researcher ________ (have) his data analyzed by a professional team now.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
John Snow had the pump handle (remove) to prevent people from using it.
（2025·山东卷·选择题）
The hospital had the medical equipment ________ regularly to ensure its safety.
check B. checked C. checking D. to check
（三）过去完成时与过去完成时被动语态
核心考点：① 过去完成时（had done）表“过去的过去”；② 被动语态（had been done）表“过去的过去被完成”；③ 时间标志词（by+过去时间；before+过去从句）。
1. 时态结构与时间标志
类别 肯定结构 否定结构 高频时间标志
过去完成时 主语+had+过去分词 主语+had not+过去分词 by+过去时间；before/after+过去从句
过去完成时被动 主语+had been+过去分词 主语+had not been+过去分词 by the end of+过去时间；before+过去动作
2. 核心用法与易错点
表“过去的过去”：先发生的动作（had done），后发生的用一般过去时。
表“未实现的打算”：hope/want/plan用had done，表“本想做却没做”。
固定句型：hardly...when.../no sooner...than...，主句用had done且倒装。
与现在完成时的区别：以“过去时间”为基点用过去完成时，以“现在”为基点用现在完成时。
练习题
By the time she studied in London, she ________ (learn) Chinese calligraphy for 5 years.
The traditional recipe ________ (pass down) for three generations before it was recorded.
句型转换：
He arrived at the airport. The plane took off 10 minutes earlier.（合并）
When he arrived at the airport, the plane ________.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅱ卷·语法填空）
By the end of last year, the project of translating Chinese folk tales into English ________ (complete).
（2024·全国甲卷·选择题）
The foreign visitor found that the local snacks ________ a lot before he came to China.
changed B. have changed C. had changed D. would change
（2024·天津卷·语法填空）
She told me that she ________ (want) to attend the Chinese traditional festival but had no chance.
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·翻译）
当我们意识到问题的严重性时，相关的预防措施已经实施了。
（四）非谓语动词（过去分词+动词-ing形式）
1. 过去分词：作表语与状语
核心考点：① 作表语：表主语感受/状态（人-ed，物-ed表状态）；② 作状语：表被动/完成，逻辑主语为句子主语；③ 与现在分词、被动语态区分。
易混点对比
类别 核心含义 例句
过去分词作表语 主语的状态/感受（被动完成） The injured boy looked frightened.
被动语态 主语承受的动作（强调动作） The boy was frightened by the sudden noise.
现在分词作表语 主语的特性（主动令人……） The sudden noise was frightening.
过去分词作状语的功能
状语类型 例句 特殊结构
时间 Seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful. 连词+过去分词：If asked...
原因 Deeply moved by the story, she cried. 独立主格：The work done, we left.
条件 Given another chance, I will try better. -
练习题
单句语法填空：
The volunteers were ________ (exhaust) after rescuing the trapped villagers.
________ (base) on traditional Chinese medicine, the treatment works well.
句型转换：
Though he was defeated many times, he never gave up.（用过去分词改写）________
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
(found) in 1921, the hospital has been providing emergency care for over a century.
（2024·浙江卷·选择题）
________ by the doctor's words, the patient felt much more relaxed.
Encouraging B. Encouraged C. To encourage D. Having encouraged
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·翻译）
听到这个令人感动的故事，在场的所有人都感动得说不出话来。
（2025·山东卷·语法填空）
If ________ (ask) about the first-aid knowledge, you should explain it clearly.
2. 动词-ing形式：动名词与现在分词
核心考点：① 动名词：作主语/宾语/表语（抽象动作）；② 现在分词：作定语/状语/宾补（主动/进行）；③ 特殊动词搭配（接-ing的动词/介词后）。
易混点：接-ing与接to do的动词
只接-ing：avoid, finish, practise, miss, look forward to
只接to do：want, hope, decide, refuse
二者皆可但意义不同：remember（记得做过/记得去做）、forget（忘记做过/忘记去做）、stop（停止做/停下来去做）
练习题
单句语法填空：
The doctor suggested ________ (do) more exercise to keep fit.
I saw a girl ________ (cry) when I passed the emergency room.
句型转换：
He spent two hours in learning the Heimlich manoeuvre.（简化）
________
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
The nurse kept the patient ________ (breathing) normally by patting his back.
（2025·浙江卷·选择题）
________ the first-aid skills, he saved the drowning child successfully.
Mastering B. Mastered C. To master D. Having mastered
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）
It is worthwhile ________ (learn) basic first-aid knowledge because it may save lives.
（2024·天津卷·翻译）
坚持练习心肺复苏（CPR）能帮助我们在紧急情况下应对自如。
三、备考核心：高频易错点汇总
（一）词汇类易错点
1. 主动表被动：be to blame、need/want doing无被动形式。
2. 介词固定：defend...against/from、blame sth. on sb. 中介词不可替换。
3. 短语区分：come up（被提出）vs come up with（提出）；above all（最重要）vs after all（毕竟）。
（二）语法类易错点
语法模块 易错点详情
名词性从句 whether/if区别（介词后、句首、discuss后只用whether）；② reason后表语从句用that； ③ 同位语从句that不充当成分（区别于定语从句that）
状语从句 until句型（非延续性动词用not...until...）； so...that...与such...that...句型匹配； ③ 倒装结构（Not until/so/such句首，主句半倒装）
时态与被动 过去完成时需明确“过去的过去”时间标志； 过去完成时被动不可漏be动词； ③ have sth. done与have sb. do/doing的语义区分
非谓语动词 逻辑关系（主动-ing，被动-过去分词）； -ed（人感受）vs -ing（物特性）； ③ 特殊动词的-ing/to do搭配
综合提升练习（2025模拟）：
单句语法填空
________ (shock) by the emergency, she remained calm and called 120.
________ (not know) how to perform CPR, he asked the nurse for help.
The old man's story is ________ (touch), and we are all ________ (touch) by his courage./ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
高考英语二轮复习高频考点复习学案+高考真题链接（人教选修第二册）
复习总览：本资料整合选修第二册U1-U5核心知识点，近三年高考高频结合“疾病防控、跨文化交流、急救健康、传统文化”四大主题，词汇侧重“固定搭配+语境辨析”，语法侧重“逻辑判断+场景应用”，覆盖语法填空（25%-30%）、完形填空、翻译等核心题型，是二轮复习“考点强化+实战突破”的核心素材。
一、核心词汇专项
1. blame vt. / n. 责怪；责任
核心考点：① 主动表被动（be to blame表“应受责备”，无被动形式）；
② 搭配：blame sb. for sth. 因某事责怪某人；blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人；take the blame 承担责任）；
③ 语境区分“追责”与“担责”语义。
练习题
单句语法填空：
Don’t blame the failure on others—you should ________ (take) the blame for your carelessness.
答案：take
解析：考take the blame固定短语，表“承担过错”，贴合“责任担当”语境。
完成句子：
很多人误以为老年人容易生病就该被指责，这是完全错误的。
Many people mistakenly think the elderly ________ easily getting sick, which is completely wrong.
答案：are to blame for
解析：考be to blame for结构，主动表被动，体现健康话题人文关怀。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·山东卷·完形填空）
The manager made it clear that no one was for the accident, as it was caused by bad weather.
to blame B. blaming C. blamed D. to be blamed
答案：A
解析：be to blame主动表被动，“不应被追责”符合语境；B/C/D语法不符。
（2024·江苏卷·语法填空）
People used to the spread of the disease on “bad air” before John Snow’s research.
答案：blame
解析：考blame sth. on sth.搭配，呼应霍乱研究主题，used to后接动词原形。
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·翻译）
我们应该客观分析问题，而不是一味地指责他人。
答案：We should analyze problems objectively instead of blaming others blindly.
解析：考blame sb.短语，贴合理性思维主题。
2. defend vt. / defence n. 保卫；辩解
核心考点：① 介词搭配（defend...against/from 保卫……抵御……；in defence of 为……辩护/保护）；② 词性转换（defend→defence 名词形式）；
③ 场景适配（健康防护、言语辩解、物理保卫）。
练习题
单句语法填空：
Wearing masks can ________ (defend) us against the spread of viruses.
答案：defend
解析：考defend...against结构，贴合健康防护主题。
句型转换：
He stood up to protect the weak student from being bullied.（用defence短语改写）He stood up ________ the weak student from being bullied.
答案：in defence of
解析：表“保护”，与原句含义一致。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·北京卷·选择题）
The immune system helps ________ the body against harmful bacteria and viruses. A. defend B. prevent C. protect D. guard
答案：A
解析：defend...against固定搭配，“主动抵御”符合语境；B接from，C为protect...from，D为guard...against。
（2024·天津卷·语法填空）
In his (defend), he said he had no idea about the wrong data in the report.
答案：defence
解析：考defend→defence转换，in one’s defence为固定短语。
3. come相关短语（高频多义）
核心考点：区分易混短语：① come up with“提出（观点/计划）”vs come up“（问题/话题）被提出”；② come down with“患病”vs come across“偶遇”；③ 关联“疾病、学习、问题解决”主题。
练习题
用come短语填空：
When it ________ English learning strategies, our teacher always ________ practical ideas.
She ________ a fever after working overtime for a week, so her colleague offered to help her.
答案：① comes to; comes up with ② came down with
解析：① 考when it comes to“谈及”和come up with“提出”；② 考come down with“患病”，呼应健康主题。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国甲卷·完形填空）
When the question of how to improve public health came up in the meeting, Dr. Li came up with a detailed plan.
came up; came up with B. came across; came out
came down with; came on D. came about; came up
答案：A
解析：come up“问题被提出”，come up with“提出计划”，贴合公共健康主题。
2)（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
I came across an old friend when I was doing research on cholera in the library.
答案：across
解析：考come across“偶遇”，呼应霍乱研究主题。
4. all相关短语（逻辑衔接）
核心考点：区分语义差异：① above all“最重要的是”vs first of all“首先”；② after all“毕竟”vs all in all“总而言之”；③ 写作中承担“开头、转折、总结”的衔接功能。
练习题
用all短语填空：
________, you should wear protective gear when doing experiments. ________, you’re new to this and safety comes first. ② ________, the medical team has treated 50 patients ________.
答案：① First of all; After all ② All in all; in all
解析：① 考顺序与转折衔接；② 考总结与数量表达，贴合医疗主题。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·江苏卷·翻译）
最重要的是，我们要养成良好的卫生习惯，毕竟健康是一切的基础。
答案：Above all, we should develop good hygiene habits—after all, health is the foundation of everything.
解析：考above all和after all的逻辑衔接。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·选择题）
All in all, the campaign to prevent the spread of diseases has achieved great success. A. Above all B. After all C. All in all D. In all
答案：C
解析：all in all“总而言之”，用于总结成效；A/B/D语义不符。
二、核心语法专项
（一）名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句）
核心考点：① 连接词分类及功能；② 四大从句易错点对比；③ 结合“跨文化、健康、文化传播”主题应用。
连接词分类及功能
类别 典型词 核心功能 主题例句
从属连词 that whether 无实义；不充当成分（whether表“是否”） That Xie Lei adapted to campus life quickly surprised us.（主语从句）
连接代词 what who whose 有实义；充当主/宾/表/定语 We wondered what made American food different from Chinese food.（宾语从句）
连接副词 why/how/ when/where 有实义；充当状语（原因/方式/时间/地点） This is why many foreigners are interested in Chinese tea culture.（表语从句）
特殊引导词 because as if because表原因；as if表“似乎” The key is because we respect different cultural customs.（表语从句）
2. 四大从句高频易错点
主语从句：that不可省；if不可置于句首（需用whether）；长从句用it作形式主语。
宾语从句：think/believe后否定转移；discuss后只用whether；复合宾语用it作形式宾语。
表语从句：if不可引导；reason作主语时，表语从句用that（不用because）；建议类名词（suggestion/advice）后用“(should) do”虚拟语气。
同位语从句：修饰抽象名词（news/idea/suggestion）；that无义不充当成分（区别于定语从句that）。
练习题
________ we will hold the cross-cultural salon depends on the weather.
答案：Whether
解析：主语从句表“是否”，句首用whether，贴合跨文化主题。
The tutor’s suggestion ________ we should read more English literature is practical.
答案：that
解析：同位语从句，解释suggestion内容，that不可省。
句型转换：
We find that learning about foreign customs is very interesting.（用it作形式宾语改写）
We find ________ very interesting ________ about foreign customs.
答案：it；to learn
解析：考形式宾语it，贴合文化学习场景。
The reason why cholera spread quickly was ________ people drank polluted water.
答案：that
解析：reason后表语从句用that，呼应霍乱主题。
My suggestion is that we ________ (strengthen) food safety supervision.
答案：(should) strengthen
解析：suggestion后表语从句用虚拟语气。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
It is clear the integration of AI and traditional art (like the Go art exhibition) opens new possibilities.
答案：that
解析：it作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句，贴合文化主题。
（2025·北京卷·选择题）
My foreign friend asked me ________ Chinese names carry special cultural meanings.
that B. whether C. what D. how
答案：B
解析：宾语从句表“是否”，贴合跨文化主题；A/C/D语义不符。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
The question ________ we can promote cultural exchange through food remains to be discussed.
答案：how
解析：表语从句表“方式”，贴合饮食文化主题。
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空）
This is they need an English trainer to help with international communication.
答案：why
解析：why引导表语从句，表“结果”。
（2024·天津卷·翻译）
我们最担心的是这种疾病是否会再次爆发。
答案：What we are most worried about is whether this disease will break out again. 解析：whether引导表语从句，if不可用，贴合健康主题。
（2023·浙江卷·翻译）
我们都很清楚，尊重不同的文化习俗有助于建立良好的人际关系。
答案：We all know clearly that respecting different cultural customs helps build good interpersonal relationships.
解析：that引导宾语从句，贴合跨文化主题。
（二）状语从句与特殊结构
1. until引导的时间状语从句
核心考点：① 句型区分（延续性动词→肯定句；非延续性动词→not...until...）；② 倒装结构（Not until句首，主句半倒装）；③ 强调结构（It is/was not until...that...）。
练习题
单句语法填空：
The research team didn’t stop working ________ they found the source of the infection.
答案：until
解析：not...until...，呼应霍乱研究主题。
句型转换：
The doctor didn’t leave the hospital until all patients were out of danger.（改为倒装句）
________ all patients were out of danger ________ the doctor leave the hospital.
答案：Not until; did
解析：Not until开头用倒装，助动词did提前。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
It was not the 19th century that cholera was finally controlled by modern medicine.
答案：until
解析：It is/was not until...that...强调结构，呼应霍乱防控主题。
（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·选择题）
Not until the results of the experiment came out ________ the correctness of his theory.
he confirmed B. did he confirm C. confirmed he D. he did confirm
答案：B
解析：Not until开头倒装，助动词did提前，贴合科学研究主题。
2. so...that...结果状语从句
核心考点：① 句型匹配（so+adj./adv.+that；so+many/much+that；such+名词+that）；② 倒装结构（so/such句首，主句半倒装）；③ 强调结果程度。
练习题
单句语法填空：
The cholera spread ________ quickly that hundreds of people were infected in a week.
答案：so
解析：so+adv.+that，强调传播速度，呼应霍乱主题。
句型转换：
He made such a detailed plan that it was highly praised by the team.（用so改写）He made the plan ________ detailed ________ it was highly praised by the team.
答案：so; that
解析：so+adj.+that与such+名词+that转换。
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）
The doctor’s report was so (convince) that the government took immediate action.
答案：convincing
解析：so+adj.+that结构，考形容词转换。
（2025·浙江卷·翻译）
他对霍乱的研究如此深入，以至于为后世的防疫工作奠定了基础。
答案：He studied cholera so deeply that he laid the foundation for future epidemic prevention work.
解析：so+adv.+that，贴合霍乱研究主题。
3. have sth. done 特殊结构
核心考点：① 语义区分（请人做某事；主语遭遇某事；使某事被做）；② 与have sb. do/doing对比；③ 体现被动含义。
练习题
单句语法填空：
The villagers ________ (have) the polluted well closed to stop the spread of cholera.
答案：had
解析：have sth. done表“使水井被关闭”，呼应霍乱主题。
单句语法填空：
The researcher ________ (have) his data analyzed by a professional team now.
答案：is having
解析：have sth. done表“请人分析数据”，体现主动安排。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
John Snow had the pump handle (remove) to prevent people from using it.
答案：removed
解析：have sth. done表“让人拆除”，呼应U1核心情节。
（2025·山东卷·选择题）
The hospital had the medical equipment ________ regularly to ensure its safety.
check B. checked C. checking D. to check
答案：B
解析：have sth. done表“请人检查”，贴合医疗主题；A/C/D结构不符。
（三）过去完成时与过去完成时被动语态
核心考点：① 过去完成时（had done）表“过去的过去”；② 被动语态（had been done）表“过去的过去被完成”；③ 时间标志词（by+过去时间；before+过去从句）。
1. 时态结构与时间标志
类别 肯定结构 否定结构 高频时间标志
过去完成时 主语+had+过去分词 主语+had not+过去分词 by+过去时间；before/after+过去从句
过去完成时被动 主语+had been+过去分词 主语+had not been+过去分词 by the end of+过去时间；before+过去动作
2. 核心用法与易错点
表“过去的过去”：先发生的动作（had done），后发生的用一般过去时。
表“未实现的打算”：hope/want/plan用had done，表“本想做却没做”。
固定句型：hardly...when.../no sooner...than...，主句用had done且倒装。
与现在完成时的区别：以“过去时间”为基点用过去完成时，以“现在”为基点用现在完成时。
练习题
By the time she studied in London, she ________ (learn) Chinese calligraphy for 5 years.
答案：had learned
解析：“去伦敦前已学”，贴合文化主题。
The traditional recipe ________ (pass down) for three generations before it was recorded.
答案：had been passed down
解析：过去完成时被动，“记录前已传承”。
句型转换：
He arrived at the airport. The plane took off 10 minutes earlier.（合并）
When he arrived at the airport, the plane ________.
答案：had taken off
解析：“飞机起飞在到达前”，用过去完成时。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅱ卷·语法填空）
By the end of last year, the project of translating Chinese folk tales into English ________ (complete).
答案：had been completed
解析：过去完成时被动，“by the end of last year”为标志，贴合文化主题。
（2024·全国甲卷·选择题）
The foreign visitor found that the local snacks ________ a lot before he came to China.
changed B. have changed C. had changed D. would change
答案：C
解析：“来中国前已变化”，表过去的过去；A/B/D时态不符。
（2024·天津卷·语法填空）
She told me that she ________ (want) to attend the Chinese traditional festival but had no chance.
答案：had wanted
解析：“本想参加”表未实现的打算，贴合文化主题。
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·翻译）
当我们意识到问题的严重性时，相关的预防措施已经实施了。
答案：When we realized the seriousness of the problem, the relevant preventive measures had already been carried out.
解析：过去完成时被动，表时间逻辑。
（四）非谓语动词（过去分词+动词-ing形式）
1. 过去分词：作表语与状语
核心考点：① 作表语：表主语感受/状态（人-ed，物-ed表状态）；② 作状语：表被动/完成，逻辑主语为句子主语；③ 与现在分词、被动语态区分。
易混点对比
类别 核心含义 例句
过去分词作表语 主语的状态/感受（被动完成） The injured boy looked frightened.
被动语态 主语承受的动作（强调动作） The boy was frightened by the sudden noise.
现在分词作表语 主语的特性（主动令人……） The sudden noise was frightening.
过去分词作状语的功能
状语类型 例句 特殊结构
时间 Seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful. 连词+过去分词：If asked...
原因 Deeply moved by the story, she cried. 独立主格：The work done, we left.
条件 Given another chance, I will try better. -
练习题
单句语法填空：
The volunteers were ________ (exhaust) after rescuing the trapped villagers.
________ (base) on traditional Chinese medicine, the treatment works well.
答案：① exhausted ② Based
解析：① 人作主语表感受；② 过去分词作状语，base与treatment被动。
句型转换：
Though he was defeated many times, he never gave up.（用过去分词改写）________
答案：Defeated many times, he never gave up
解析：省略“though he was”，保留让步含义。
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·语法填空）
(found) in 1921, the hospital has been providing emergency care for over a century.
答案：Founded
解析：过去分词作状语，hospital与found被动，贴合急救主题。
（2024·浙江卷·选择题）
________ by the doctor's words, the patient felt much more relaxed.
Encouraging B. Encouraged C. To encourage D. Having encouraged
答案：B
解析：过去分词作状语，patient与encourage被动；A/C/D逻辑不符。
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·翻译）
听到这个令人感动的故事，在场的所有人都感动得说不出话来。
答案：Moved by the moving story, all the people present were too moved to speak. 解析：考-ed/-ing区别，贴合情感主题。
（2025·山东卷·语法填空）
If ________ (ask) about the first-aid knowledge, you should explain it clearly.
答案：asked
解析：“连词+过去分词”结构，ask与you被动，呼应急救主题。
2. 动词-ing形式：动名词与现在分词
核心考点：① 动名词：作主语/宾语/表语（抽象动作）；② 现在分词：作定语/状语/宾补（主动/进行）；③ 特殊动词搭配（接-ing的动词/介词后）。
易混点：接-ing与接to do的动词
只接-ing：avoid, finish, practise, miss, look forward to
只接to do：want, hope, decide, refuse
二者皆可但意义不同：remember（记得做过/记得去做）、forget（忘记做过/忘记去做）、stop（停止做/停下来去做）
练习题
单句语法填空：
The doctor suggested ________ (do) more exercise to keep fit.
I saw a girl ________ (cry) when I passed the emergency room.
答案：① doing ② crying
解析：① suggest后接-ing；② see sb. doing表“正在哭”，贴合医院场景。
句型转换：
He spent two hours in learning the Heimlich manoeuvre.（简化）
________
答案：He spent two hours learning the Heimlich manoeuvre
解析：spend...(in) doing中in可省略，Heimlich manoeuvre为急救知识。
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
The nurse kept the patient ________ (breathing) normally by patting his back.
答案：breathing
解析：keep sb. doing表“持续呼吸”，贴合急救场景。
（2025·浙江卷·选择题）
________ the first-aid skills, he saved the drowning child successfully.
Mastering B. Mastered C. To master D. Having mastered
答案：D
解析：现在分词完成式表“先掌握后救人”，主动关系；A/B/C逻辑不符。
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）
It is worthwhile ________ (learn) basic first-aid knowledge because it may save lives.
答案：learning
解析：It's worthwhile doing固定句型，贴合急救主题。
（2024·天津卷·翻译）
坚持练习心肺复苏（CPR）能帮助我们在紧急情况下应对自如。
答案：Keeping practising CPR can help us deal with emergencies with ease.
解析：动名词作主语，贴合急救主题。
三、备考核心：高频易错点汇总
（一）词汇类易错点
1. 主动表被动：be to blame、need/want doing无被动形式。
2. 介词固定：defend...against/from、blame sth. on sb. 中介词不可替换。
3. 短语区分：come up（被提出）vs come up with（提出）；above all（最重要）vs after all（毕竟）。
（二）语法类易错点
语法模块 易错点详情
名词性从句 whether/if区别（介词后、句首、discuss后只用whether）；② reason后表语从句用that； ③ 同位语从句that不充当成分（区别于定语从句that）
状语从句 until句型（非延续性动词用not...until...）； so...that...与such...that...句型匹配； ③ 倒装结构（Not until/so/such句首，主句半倒装）
时态与被动 过去完成时需明确“过去的过去”时间标志； 过去完成时被动不可漏be动词； ③ have sth. done与have sb. do/doing的语义区分
非谓语动词 逻辑关系（主动-ing，被动-过去分词）； -ed（人感受）vs -ing（物特性）； ③ 特殊动词的-ing/to do搭配
综合提升练习（2025模拟）：
单句语法填空
________ (shock) by the emergency, she remained calm and called 120.
________ (not know) how to perform CPR, he asked the nurse for help.
The old man's story is ________ (touch), and we are all ________ (touch) by his courage.
答案：① Shocked ② Not knowing ③ touching; touched
解析：① 被动关系表原因；② 主动否定表原因；③ 故事“令人感动”用touching，人“被感动”用touched。
