【高考突破方案】英语必修三U1训练手册-高考一轮总复习课件 译林版

(共29张PPT)
Compulsory 3
Unit 1　Nature in the balance
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·山东济南)
As Rendall and his friend Bourke were searching for holiday gifts, they came across a lion cub (幼兽) for sale in a store in London. They bought it and named it Christian. It was a lovely animal, full of character. They looked after Christian for about a year, during which time an amazing bond formed between the two men and the lion. The three of them shared a flat over a furniture shop on London's King's Road, where cute and intelligent Christian quickly became a local celebrity, cruising (开车兜风) the streets in the back of a Bentley, popping for lunch at a local restaurant, and even posing for a fashion advertisement.
But soon, Christian outgrew Rendall's flat and soon even the church garden where he went for exercise wasn't large enough for him. They realized that their pet needed to be among other lions and deserved to live free in his natural environment. With their friends' help, Rendall and Bourke took Christian to Kenya and placed it under the expert care of “the father of lions” George Adamson, where the two would introduce Christian to the wild. Rendall and Bourke spent several months with Christian, helping him adapt to the new living environment, and then left unwillingly. A year later, they went back to Kenya, hoping to find the lion. When they finally found Christian, incredibly, Christian walked over slowly. Then suddenly he recognized them! He ran over and jumped up on them. They received a loving welcome from their lion, who was fit in with Africa and a life with other lions in the wild.
Rendall and Bourke's extraordinary reunion with Christian was filmed and is subject of a wonderful documentary and a book. The film of their reunion was found on a Japanese blog and posted on YouTube accompanied by I Will Always Love You, sung by Whitney Houston. The clip of the reunion was recently placed on YouTube and has received over 45 million hits.
1. What do we know about Christian in London
A. It was found in the wild by the two men.
B. It lived in a furniture shop on King's Road.
C. It developed a close relationship with two men.
D. It filmed an advertisement for a local restaurant.
2. Why was Christian sent to Kenya
A. It needed new friends and family.
B. George gave them advice to do so.
C. The wild was a good choice to live in.
D. Its friends wanted to explore the wild.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 2
A. Christian and its two friends missed each other.
B. Christian needed care from his friends all the life.
C. Christian and its friends didn't adapt to the new life.
D. Christian was scared before recognizing the two men.
4. Why does the writer mention the film clip and the book
A. To prove Christian was popular around the world.
B. To advertise the film and book about the reunion.
C. To show people were touched by the influential reunion.
D. To explain how to keep the record of the moving reunion.
答案及解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伦德尔和他的朋友伯克与一只狮子克里斯蒂安培养了亲密的关系，虽然克里斯蒂安最后被放回了野外，但是他们的重聚十分感人。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They looked after Christian for about a year, during which time an amazing bond formed between the two men and the lion.(他们照顾了克里斯蒂安大约一年，在这段时间里，这两个人和狮子之间形成了一种神奇的纽带。)”可知，在伦敦，克里斯蒂安和两个男人建立了亲密的关系。故选C。
2. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They realized that their pet needed to…where the two would introduce Christian to the wild.(他们意识到他们的宠物需要和其他狮子在一起，应该在自然环境中自由生活。在朋友们的帮助下，伦德尔和伯克把克里斯蒂安带到了肯尼亚，并把它交给‘狮子之父’乔治·亚当森悉心照料，两人将克里斯蒂安带到了野外。)”可知，克里斯蒂安被送往肯尼亚是因为野外对于它是一个很好的选择。故选C。
3. A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Rendall and Bourke spent several months with Christian…who was fit in with Africa and a life with other lions in the wild.(伦德尔和伯克花了几个月的时间陪伴克里斯蒂安，帮助它适应新的生活环境，然后不情愿地离开了。一年后，他们回到肯尼亚，希望能找到这只狮子。当他们终于找到克里斯蒂安时，令人难以置信的是，克里斯蒂安慢慢地走了过来。突然，它认出了他们！它跑过去，跳到了他们身上。他们受到了狮子的热情欢迎，这只狮子适应了非洲，也适应了与其他狮子在野外的生活。)”可推知，克里斯蒂安和它的两个朋友彼此想念。故选A。
4. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rendall and Bourke's extraordinary reunion…and has received over 45 million hits.(伦德尔和伯克与克里斯蒂安非同寻常的重逢被拍了下来，并成为一部精彩的纪录片和一本书的主题。他们重聚的视频出现在一个日本博客上，并在惠特妮·休斯顿演唱的《我会永远爱你》的伴奏下上传到YouTube上。这段重聚的视频最近被上传到YouTube上，点击量超过4 500万次。)”可推知，作者提到了电影片段和书是为了表明人们被这次有影响力的团聚所感动。故选C。
B
(2025·安徽池州)
In 1999, Giuliana Furci, founder and founding director of the Fungi (真菌) Foundation, developed a deep interest in fungi. They were everywhere, and the 20 year old took particular joy in the variety of mushrooms: small and button shaped; tall and umbrella like; round with red caps topped with white flakes. Some were commonly found in people's diets, for they were rich in nutrients such as vitamin, fiber, minerals and protein.
But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi went largely ignored in Chile, where there were few guidebooks and an almost total lack of policies and resources to protect them from over harvesting and other human activities. Determined to correct this, Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a non profit organization dedicated to fungi conservation. In her guide, special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.
“Life on the planet wouldn't exist without fungi,” said Greg Mueller, a mushroom conservation expert. “Because of their relationship with forests and trees, we can't survive without fungi. In terms of the health of the planet, they're incredibly important to humans and the overall ecosystem.” Fungi can break down plants and animals, thus cycling nutrients and increasing their availability in the soil. They are also important contributors to the soil carbon stock through the same process. What's more, fungi have been found to help degrade (降解) various pollutants, such as plastic. And mycelium (菌丝体), which is the root structure of mushrooms, is now being used to replace unsustainable materials, such as plastic and animal based products.
Because of these, exploration of fungi was expanded at a faster pace. However, some were already listed as critically endangered. In 2010, Furci took an even bigger step—with other environmental non profit organization, she put forward a proposal for the government to systematically assess how large new developments such as housing, dams, and highways affect fungi. In 2012, a law was passed and Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.
5. What can we learn about Furci from the first two paragraphs
A. She enjoyed collecting mushrooms.
B. She was fond of cooking mushrooms.
C. She worried about the situation of fungi.
D. She had a habit of writing field guidebooks.
6. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about
A. The life on the Earth without fungi.
B. The importance of fungi on the Earth.
C. The relations between trees and fungi.
D. The practical uses of fungi in the future.
7. How did Furci protect the ecosystem
A. By writing free instructions on plants.
B. By starting a non profit ecotourism company.
C. By raising awareness of the importance of fungi.
D. By passing laws to ban over harvesting mushrooms.
8. Which of the following best describes Furci's work
A. Ground breaking. B. Debatable.
C. Romantic. D. Unmatched.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Furci意识到真菌对地球上生命的重要性后通过写指南、成立基金会等方式来呼吁人们关注并保护真菌。她和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过了一项保护真菌的法律。
5. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi…from over harvesting and other human activities. (但Furci也很快意识到，这些真菌在智利基本上被忽视了，那里几乎没有指南，几乎完全缺乏政策和资源来保护它们免受过度采集和其他人类活动的影响。)”可知，Furci担心真菌的现状。故选C。
6. B　段落大意题。根据本段第一句“‘Life on the planet wouldn't exist without fungi,’ said Greg Mueller, a mushroom conservation expert. (‘如果没有真菌，地球上的生命就不会存在，’蘑菇保护专家Greg Mueller说。)”并结合本段其他内容可知，本段主要介绍了真菌对地球上生命的重要性。故选B。
7. C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Determined to correct this, Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a non profit organization dedicated to fungi conservation. In her guide, special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.(为了纠正这一点，Furci写了一本野外指南，并成立了真菌基金会——一个致力于真菌保护的非营利组织。在她的指南中，特别关注了真菌在生态系统中的作用。)”可知，为了保护真菌，Furci写了指南并成立了真菌基金会。由此推知，Furci通过提高人们对真菌重要性的认识来保护真菌。故选C。
8. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In 2010, Furci took an even bigger step…Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.(2010年，Furci与其他环保非营利组织一起迈出了更大的一步，她向政府提出了一项建议，要求政府系统评估住房、水坝和高速公路等大型新开发项目对真菌的影响。2012年，智利通过了一项法律，成为世界上第一个以法律保护真菌的国家。)”可知，Furci和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过一项保护真菌的法律。由此推知，Furci的工作是有开拓性的。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·广东珠海)
After a dolphin was found swimming alone in a creek in Florida, marine biologists formed a human chain to save it.
Dolphins typically travel in 1 called a “school”, although solitary(独自的) dolphins are becoming more common. This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures, so if they are 2 , they may turn their attention to human interaction. This in turn can be 3 , both for dolphins and humans.
Dolphins can become 4 rather than feed on their own. 5 , dolphins that are used to human contact spend more time in shallow waters, which can 6 boat crashes. Meanwhile, humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves 7 .
After 8 that the dolphin had been alone in the creek for a few days, and was near a residential area with 9 for human disturbance, NOAA Fisheries Service decided to 10 . Twenty eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain, creating a barrier that could 11 the dolphin out of the creek.
Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said，“The 12 was to just be a barrier that was novel to the animal. We wanted to create a physical barrier as well as a barrier of hearing, so we had somebody behind us that was 13 a boat, revving(使快速运转) its engine and then we were splashing(泼) water and moving forward towards the animal, so we were giving the animal the 14 to swim through the bridge on its own.”
The 15 was successful, with the dolphin making its way out of the creek.　　
1. A.series B. lines C. groups D. sessions
2. A.separated B. discovered C. defended D. distinguished
3. A.rewarding B. dangerous C. attractive D. annoying
4. A.sensitive B. hesitant C. dependent D. exceptional
5. A.Strangely B. Initially C. Fortunately D. Additionally
6. A.turn on B. lead to C. take in D. knock at
7. A.injured B. addicted C. refreshed D. dismissed
8. A.declaring B. explaining C. admitting D. realizing
9. A.concern B. purpose C. potential D. desire
10. A.withdraw B. act C. search D. attack
11. A.confirm B. restrict C. keep D. guide
12. A.risk B. advantage C. goal D. path
13. A.lifting B. repairing C. checking D. striking
14. A.courage B. option C. right D. skill
15. A.rescue B. experiment C. competition D. training
答案及解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了数十名野生动物保护组织的人员在水中组成“人链”，营救误入浅水区滞留多日的海豚。
1. C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：海豚通常是成群结队的，被称为“豚群”，但独行的海豚正变得越来越普遍。A.series系列；B.lines线条；C.groups群，组；D.sessions会议。根据后文“called a ‘school’ ”可知，海豚通常是成群出现的。故选C。
2. A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能是引起人们担忧的一个原因，因为海豚天生是社交动物，所以如果它们被分开，它们可能会把注意力转向与人类的互动。A.separated分开；B.discovered发现；C.defended捍卫；D.distinguished区别。根据前文“dolphins are naturally sociable creatures”和“solitary dolphins”可知，海豚天生是群居动物，如果被分开的话，可能会把注意力转向与人类的互动。故选A。
3. B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这反过来对海豚和人类都是危险的。A.rewarding有益的；B.dangerous危险的；C.attractive有吸引力的；D.annoying令人恼火的。根据后文“which can 6 boat crashes”及“humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves 7 ”可知，海豚接近人类对双方都是危险的。故选B。
4. C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海豚会变得依赖他人，而不是自己觅食。A.sensitive敏感的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.dependent依赖的；D.exceptional杰出的。根据后文“rather than feed on their own”可知，海豚会变得有依赖性。故选C。
5. D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，习惯与人类接触的海豚在浅水区待的时间更多，这可能导致船只碰撞。A.Strangely奇怪地；B.Initially最初；C.Fortunately幸运地；D.Additionally另外。根据前文“Dolphins can become 4 ”及后文“which can 6 boat crashes”可知，前后是并列递进关系，进一步描述海豚在浅水区的危害。故选D。
6. B　考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.turn on打开；B.lead to导致；C.take in吸收；D.knock at敲门。根据后文“boat crashes”可知，海豚在浅水区待的时间更多，这可能导致船只碰撞。故选B。
7. A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，离海豚太近的人可能会受伤。A.injured受伤的；B.addicted上瘾的；C.refreshed恢复精神的；D.dismissed解散的。根据前文“This in turn can be 3 , both for dolphins and humans.”可知，离海豚太近会有危险。故选A。
8. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在意识到这只海豚已经独自在小湾里待了几天，并且靠近有人类干扰的居民区后，美国国家海洋和大气管理局渔业局决定采取行动。A.declaring宣布；B.explaining解释；C.admitting承认；D.realizing意识到。根据后文“that the dolphin had been alone in the creek”可知，有关部门意识到了这件事。故选D。
9. A　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.concern关心，忧虑；B.purpose目的；C.potential潜能；D.desire欲望。根据后文“human disturbance”可知，有关部门担忧人类活动会影响海豚。故选A。
10. B　考查动词词义辨析。句意见第9题解析。A.withdraw撤退；B.act行动；C.search寻找；D.attack攻击。根据后文“Twenty eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain”可知，有关部门决定采取行动营救海豚。故选B。
11. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自克利尔沃特海洋水族馆、美国国家海洋和大气管理局和全球捕鲸委员会的28名生物学家聚集在一起，组成了一条人链，创造了一道屏障，可以引导海豚离开小湾。A.confirm确认；B.restrict限制；C.keep保持；D.guide指导。根据后文“the dolphin out of the creek”可知，生物学家们组成人链，引导海豚离开小湾。故选D。
12. C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：救援生物学家布列塔尼·巴尔德里卡说：“我们的目标只是成为该海豚的新屏障。”A.risk风险；B.advantage优势；C.goal目标；D.path路径。根据后文“we wanted to create a physical barrier as well as a barrier of hearing”可知，生物学家们组成人链的目的是创造了一道屏障，引导海豚向正确的方向移动。故选C。
13. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们想要创造一道物理屏障和听觉屏障，所以我们让身后的人击打一艘船只，加速引擎，溅起水花，朝着动物前进，让它可以选择自己游过桥。A.lifting举起；B.repairing修理；C.checking检查；D.striking击打。根据前文“a barrier of hearing”可知，生物学家们击打船只来形成听觉屏障，迫使海豚前进。故选D。
14. B　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.courage勇气；B.option选择；C.right权利；D.skill技能。根据后文“to swim through the bridge on its own”可知，专家们这样做，是给了海豚可以自己游过桥的选择。故选B。
15. A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：营救很成功，海豚游出了小湾。A.rescue营救；B.experiment实验；C.competition比赛；D.training训练。根据前文“NOAA Fisheries Service decided to”和后文“with the dolphin making its way out of the creek”可知，营救成功了。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·浙江温州)
A seed bank stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity; hence it is a type of gene bank. Many people may wonder 1.__________ the seeds are stored. One of the major reasons is to preserve the genes that plant growers need to increase yield (产量), disease resistance, drought tolerance, nutritional quality, and the taste of crops. Another is to prevent 2.__________ (lose) of genetic diversity in rare or endangered plant species in 3.__________ effort to conserve biodiversity. Many plants 4.__________ (grow) centuries ago by humans are used less frequently now;
why
loss
an
grown
seed banks offer a way to preserve that historical and cultural value. Collections of seeds stored 5.__________ constant low temperature and low water level are guarded against reduction of genetic resources which are otherwise maintained in field collections. These alternative “living” collections can 6.__________ (damage) by natural disasters, outbreaks of disease, 7.__________ war. Containing valuable information about evolved strategies to reduce plant stress, seed banks are considered seed 8._________ (library), and can help to create genetically modified (调整过的) versions of 9.__________ (exist) seeds. The work of seed banks often span decades and even centuries. Most seed banks are 10.__________ (public) funded and seeds are usually available for research that benefits the public.
at
be damaged
or
libraries
existing
publicly
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“种子银行”。
1. why 考查名词性从句。句意：许多人可能想知道为什么要储存种子。“1.__________ the seeds are stored”在句中作动词wonder的宾语从句，设空处在从句中作状语，根据句意可知此处应使用why引导名词性从句，表示“为什么，……的原因”。故填why。
2. loss　考查名词。句意：另一个原因是防止稀有或濒危植物物种的遗传多样性丧失，努力保护生物多样性。设空处在句中作动词prevent的宾语，应填动词lose的名词loss。故填loss。
3. an　考查冠词。句意同上。effort“艰难的尝试，试图，尽力”为可数名词，此处表泛指，应填不定冠词；固定短语in an effort to do sth.，意为“为了达到……目标，为了……”，空后effort以元音音素开头，设空处应填不定冠词an。故填an。
4. grown　考查非谓语动词。句意：人类在几个世纪前种植的许多植物现在使用的频率较低；种子“银行”提供了一种保护历史和文化价值的方法。“4.__________ (grow) centuries ago by humans”作后置定语修饰名词短语Many plants，Many plants与动词grow构成逻辑上的被动关系，结合空后的“centuries ago by humans”可知设空处应填grow的过去分词表被动。故填grown。
5. at　考查介词。句意：在恒定的低温和低水位条件下保存的种子可以防止遗传资源的减少，而这些遗传资源是在田间收集中保存的。句中指“在恒定的低温低水位状态下保存”，“在……温度/水位”用介词at与temperature和water level进行搭配。故填at。
6. be damaged　考查动词的语态。句意：这些可供选择的“活”收藏品可能会因自然灾害、疾病暴发或战争而受损。设空处在句中与can构成谓语，主语These alternative “living” collections与动词damage之间为被动关系，由情态动词can可知设空处应填be done构成被动语态。故填be damaged。
7. or　考查连词。句意同上。句中natural disasters, outbreaks of disease与war之间为并列关系，设空处应填连词连接三种可能的情况，连词or“或者”符合句意。故填or。
8. libraries　考查可数名词复数。句意：种子“银行”包含了减少植物压力的进化策略的宝贵信息，被认为是种子库，可以帮助创造现有种子的转基因版本。library为可数名词，根据句中的“seed banks”可知此处应填library的复数形式。故填libraries。
9. existing　考查形容词。句意同上。设空处在句中作定语修饰名词seeds，形容词existing“现存的”符合句意。故填existing。
10. publicly　考查副词。句意：大多数种子“银行”是公共资助的，种子通常用于造福公众的研究。设空处修饰谓语动词are funded，应填public的副词publicly。故填publicly。