【高考突破方案】语法第十讲 情态动词与虚拟语气 高考一轮总复习英语（习题课件） 译林版

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第10讲　情态动词与虚拟语气
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1. Xiao Ming was absent yesterday. He might __________ (catch) a cold, but I'm not sure.
have caught　
句意：小明昨天没来。他可能感冒了，但我不确定。根据“Xiao Ming was absent yesterday.”和“might”可知，此处表示对过去事实可能性的推测，谓语动词需用might have done，故填have caught。
2. I am sad that the flowers died. I __________ have watered them often.
should
句意：这些花儿死了，我很伤心。我本来应该常给它们浇水的。表示“本来应该做某事而实际上没有做”，要用should have done。
3. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
needn't
句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。由句意及空前的I love the weekend可知此处表示“不需要”，应用情态动词needn't。
4. —I've told him many times about the meeting, but he still forgot it!
—Actually, anyone __________ be forgetful at times.
can
句意：——对于这次会议，我已经告诉他很多次了，但他还是忘记了。——事实上，任何人有时候都可能健忘。表示一种可能性，用情态动词can。
5. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, __________ bring me food.
should
句意：他们这么穷竟然还带食物给我，这使我心里不好受。根据语境，应该用表示惊讶的“竟然”，故填should。
6. The sign over there says, “No one __________ bring drinks into the chemistry lab.”
shall
句意：指示牌说：“任何人不应当把饮料带进化学实验室。” shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁，所以填shall。
7. The law states that people __________ drive after drinking alcohol.
mustn't
句意：法律规定人们喝酒后禁止开车。分析句意可知此处表“禁止”应用mustn't 。
8. Without your help, I would not __________ (win) first prize in the contest last term.
have won
句意：没有你的帮助，我上学期就不会在比赛中获得一等奖。根据句首“Without your help”及句意和last term可知，本句是与过去事实相反的假设，would have done表示与过去相反的假设，本空用have won。
9. The boy over there __________ be John, as he is in the library now.
can't
句意：那边的男孩不可能是约翰，因为他现在在图书馆里。根据空后的be可知，空处应用情态动词。根据as he is in the library now可知，这里确定那个男孩不是约翰，表示对现在情况的否定推测，应用can't，表示“不可能”。
10. __________ (be) it not for your advice, I couldn't win the match.
Were
句意：要不是你的建议，我不会赢得这场比赛。在虚拟语气中，be动词用were；虚拟语气的省略形式是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，故填Were。
11. Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week If you __________ (tell) me, I could have helped.
had told　
句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到了麻烦 如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据上文可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故填had told。
12. If it __________ (not, be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
had not been
句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。根据the other day可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故填had not been。
13. The children __________ be thirsty after playing for such a long time.
must
句意：孩子们玩了这么久，一定渴了。根据after playing for such a long time可知，孩子们一定渴了，故空处应填情态动词must，表示肯定的推测，故填must。
14. I __________ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
can't
句意：我们不在家时你对我儿子的帮助，我真是感激不尽。“can't…too much”表示“再……都不为过”。
15. She must _________________ (admit) to the university since she is studying there.
have been admitted
句意：她一定已经被那所大学录取了，因为她正在那里学习。根据句意可知，表示对过去发生的动作进行肯定推测，应用“must＋have＋过去分词”结构；admit和主语She之间是被动关系，故用must have been done形式。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·河南焦作)
In 2017, eleven million deaths worldwide were linked to people eating diets high 1.______ sugar, salt and processed meat. Those foods were partly 2._______ (blame) for heart disease, cancer and diabetes, a new study found.
The findings was reported in the publication The Lancet. Researchers considered 15 dietary elements, from 3.________ they found that the consumption of foods such as nuts and seeds, milk and whole grains 4.__________ (be) on average too low.
in
to blame
which
was
“The poor diet is responsible for more deaths than 5.__________ other risk factor in the world,” said Chris Murray, 6._________ (direct) of the Institute for Health Metrics (指标) and Evaluation at the University of Washington, which led the work. The study found people ate only 12 percent of the 7._______________ (recommend) amount of nuts and seeds—an average intake of 3 grams a day. For good health, experts propose that everyone 8.________________ (consume) 21 grams of nuts and seeds every day.
Another study published in January suggested 9.__________ “ideal diet” for the health of people and the planet, which would include a doubling of the consumption of nuts, fruits, and vegetables. Such a diet would also include 10.__________ (reduce) the amount of meat and sugar consumed by half.
any
director
recommended
(should) consume
an
reducing
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了2017年，全球有1 100万人因食用高糖、高盐和高加工肉类而死亡。今年1月发表的另一项研究表明，为了人类和地球的健康，一份“完美的饮食”应该包括将坚果、水果和蔬菜的消费量增加一倍。
1. in　考查介词。句意：2017年，全世界有1 100万人的死亡与食用高糖、高盐和高加工肉类有关。high in“富含……”。故填in。
2. to blame　考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究发现，这些食物是导致心脏病、癌症和糖尿病的部分原因。此处为短语be to blame for“对……应负责任”。故填to blame。
3. which　考查定语从句。句意：研究员考虑了15种饮食元素，发现坚果和种子、牛奶和全谷物等食物的平均消耗量过低。此处引导定语从句，先行词为15 dietary elements，指物，在从句中作from的宾语，故应用which引导。故填which。
4. was　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，此处主语为the consumption of foods，谓语动词应用单数，根据found可知，此处时态为一般过去时。故填was。
5. any　考查固定搭配。句意：“世界上，不良饮食导致的死亡比任何其他风险因素都要多，”Chris Murray说道，他是华盛顿大学健康指标与评估研究所所长。此处是“比较级＋than＋any other＋名词”用法。故填any。
6. director　考查名词。句意同上。根据of the Institute可知此处要用名词，作Chris Murray的同位语，指独一无二的头衔、职位的名称，前用零冠词。故填director。
7. recommended　考查非谓语动词。句意：研究发现，人们每天平均摄入的坚果和种子量仅为被推荐量的12%，即3克。分析句子结构可知，此处要用非谓语动词，amount与recommend之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语, recommended意为“被推荐的”。故填recommended。
8. (should) consume　考查虚拟语气。句意：为了健康，专家建议每人每天吃21克的坚果和种子。此处propose“建议”，引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词应用虚拟语气(should＋)do。故填(should) consume。
9. an　考查冠词。句意：今年1月发表的另一项研究建议，为了人类和地球的健康，应该有一种“理想的饮食”，其中包括将坚果、水果和蔬菜的摄入量增加一倍。此处表示泛指“一种饮食”，用不定冠词修饰“ideal diet”，且形容词ideal为元音音素开头。故填an。
10. reducing　考查非谓语动词。句意：这样的饮食还包括减少一半的肉类和糖分的摄入量。分析句子成分可知，谓语为would include，reduce是宾语部分，include后用动名词作宾语。故填reducing。