2026年中考英语专题复习讲义（通用版）——动词的时态（含答案）

中考英语专题复习讲义——动词的时态
【真题精选】
(2025·上海) My brother ______ football with his friends every weekend. A. plays B. played C. will play D. has played
(2025·广东) By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ______ (start).
(2025·湖北武汉) — What are your plans for tomorrow — I ______ my grandparents in the countryside. A. visit B. visited C. will visit D. am visiting
(2025·浙江杭州) Please be quiet. The students ______ (take) an important exam in the next room.
(2025·天津) I ______ (watch) TV when the power went out last night.
(2025·陕西) Scientists ______ (make) great progress in space exploration over the past decade.
【答案揭秘】
上述六道考题涵盖了中考中常见的六种时态，分别为：
一般现在时(对应第1题)
一般过去时(对应第5题)
一般将来时(对应第3题)
现在进行时(对应第4题)
过去进行时(对应第5题)
现在完成时(对应第2题和第6题)
掌握这六种时态的用法对于准确理解和运用英语至关重要。接下来，我们将逐一剖析它们的核心用法和特点。
【六大时态详解】
一、三个“一般”时态
一般现在时
核心用法：描述经常性、习惯性的动作或状态；表达客观事实、普遍真理；在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来。
结构形式：
主语 + am/is/are (be动词) + ...
主语 + 动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式 (非be动词) + ...
例句：
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (客观事实)
She usually takes the bus to school. (习惯性动作)
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (条件状语从句表将来)
典型标志词： always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week/month, on Mondays, 等。
一般过去时
核心用法：描述在过去某个特定时间或某段时间内发生并已完成的动作或状态。
结构形式：
主语 + was/were (be动词) + ...
主语 + 动词过去式 (非be动词) + ...
例句：
They visited the museum last summer. (过去特定时间)
When I was young, I lived in a small town. (过去某段时间)
He didn't go to the party yesterday. (过去否定)
典型标志词： yesterday, last night/week/year, ago, in 1990, once upon a time, 等。
一般将来时
核心用法：描述将要发生或存在的动作或状态。
结构形式：主语 + will + 动词原形 + ... (最常见结构)
例句：
I will call you later. (未来动作)
They will arrive in Beijing tomorrow. (未来状态)
We won't (will not) forget this special day. (未来否定)
典型标志词：tomorrow, next week/month/year, soon, in the future, later, 等。
注意： 在时间状语从句 (when, as soon as, before, after) 和条件状语从句 (if, unless) 中，常用一般现在时表示将来意义。
二、两个“进行”时态
现在进行时
核心用法： 描述说话时正在进行的动作；描述当前一段时间内持续进行的动作（即使说话瞬间可能未发生）；表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作（多用于位移动词）。
结构形式：主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词 (V-ing) + ...
例句：
Look! The children are playing in the garden. (说话时正在发生)
I am reading a great novel these days. (现阶段持续进行)
He is leaving for London tomorrow. (计划好的将来动作)
典型标志词： now, at the moment, right now, these days, Look!, Listen!, 等。
过去进行时
核心用法：描述过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在进行的动作；常用于描述过去某一动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。
结构形式：主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词 (V-ing) + ...
例句：
What were you doing at 8 o'clock last night (过去时间点)
They were watching TV when the phone rang. (过去另一动作发生时)
While I was cooking dinner, he was setting the table. (过去某段时间内两个同时进行的动作)
典型标志词：at that time, this time yesterday, when/while引导的时间状语从句 (常表示另一个动作发生时)等。
三、一个“完成”时态
现在完成时
核心用法：
描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果（已完成）。
描述从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态（未完成，可能继续）。
结构形式：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 (V-ed/V3) + ...
例句：
I have already finished my homework. (过去完成，现在没事了 - 影响)
She has lost her keys. (过去丢了，现在找不到 - 结果)
They have lived here for ten years. (十年前开始住，现在还住着 - 持续)
We have known each other since childhood. (从童年认识，现在还认识 - 持续)
典型标志词：
用法1 (已完成): already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently, so far, 等。
用法2 (未完成): for + 时间段, since + 时间点, how long, 等。
【解题策略】
策略一：寻找时间标志词：时态与时间密切相关。解题时，应首先圈出题干中的时间状语或提示词，这是判断时态的重要依据。
真题解析
(2025·江苏南京) People ______ more and more interested in environmental protection recently. A. become B. became C. have become D. will become (标志词: recently -> 现在完成时)
(2025·山东济南) The new high-speed railway ______ next month. (标志词: next month -> 一般将来时)
(2025·辽宁沈阳) He ______ (learn) English for five years before he went to the UK. (标志词: for five years, before he went -> 过去完成时)
(2025·黑龙江) Listen! Someone ______ (knock) at the door. (标志词: Listen! -> 现在进行时)
策略二：结合语境推测时态：当题干中没有明显的时间标志词时，需要仔细分析句子的语境和逻辑关系，判断动作发生的时间或状态。
真题解析
(2025·福建厦门) — Why didn’t you answer my call — Sorry, I ______ (take) a shower then. (语境: “那时”我正在洗澡 -> 过去进行时)
(2025·四川) If you ______ (work) hard, you will succeed in the end. (语境: 条件状语从句，主句将来 -> 从句用一般现在时表将来)
(2025·河南) He told me that the Earth ______ (move) around the Sun. (语境: 客观事实 -> 一般现在时)
8. (2025·安徽) While she ______ (read) a book, her brother was playing games. (语境: while引导，描述过去同时发生的两个动作 -> 过去进行时)
【实战演练】
请用适当的动词时态填空或选择正确答案：
1.I ______ (not see) that movie yet. Have you
2.— Where is Tom — He ______ (play) basketball on the playground. (Look!)
3.By the end of last year, she ______ (collect) over 200 stamps.
4.They ______ (build) a new bridge across the river next year.
5.When I entered the room, he ______ (write) an email.
6.My father usually ______ (go) for a walk after dinner.
7.— Have you finished your report — Not yet. I ______ (work) on it all morning.
8.If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, the sports meeting will be postponed.
9.She ______ (be) a teacher since she graduated from university.
10.At 9 o'clock yesterday morning, what ______ you ______ (do)
【参考答案】
1.haven't seen 2. is playing 3. had collected 4. will build / are going to build
5.was writing 6. goes 7. have been working / have worked 8. rains
9.has been 10. were ... doing