【高考突破方案】英语必修二U4听课手册-高考一轮总复习 （教师版） 译林版

Unit 4　Exploring literature
Ⅰ.话题单词
represent v. 代表　　　　 release v. 发行，发布　　　　 publish v. 出版，发行
appreciate v. 赏识 reflect v. 表达，表明 evaluate v. 估计，评价
meaningful adj. 有意义的 instructive adj. 有教育意义的 theme n. 主题
tragedy n. 悲剧 edition n. 版本 journal n. 期刊
background n. 背景 reputation n. 名声，名誉 author n. 作者，作家
essay n. 文章 works n. 著作，作品 masterpiece n. 代表作
fiction n. 小说 legend n. 传奇故事 thriller n. 惊险小说
adaptation n. 改编本 comment n. & v. 评论 remark n. & v. 谈论，评论
Ⅱ.话题词块
be keen on 喜爱　　　　　 come out (书)出版　　　　　　be set in 以……为背景
abandon oneself to 沉迷于 convey information 传达信息 make comments on… 对……评论
suit one's taste 符合某人的口味　　　　　 express feelings/emotions 表达感情
be adapted from 改编于 on exhibition/display/show 在展览
shape one's character 塑造某人的性格 historical story 历史故事
works appreciation 作品欣赏 ancient Chinese poetry 中国古代诗歌
classical Chinese literature 中国古典文学 the four Chinese literature classics 中国四大名著
contemporary/folk literature 当代文学/民间文学
pass down from generation to generation 代代相传
Ⅲ.话题句式
1. Not only do some classic works offer us joy and excitement, but also they encourage us to think critically.
一些经典作品不仅给我们带来喜悦和兴奋，而且还鼓励我们批判性地思考。
2. I hold the view that if we students want to know as many great works of literature as we can, we had better read the original work.
我认为我们学生如果想尽可能多地了解伟大的文学作品，最好还是读原著。
3. The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
《远大前程》这部小说的出版得到广泛评论和高度赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为一流小说家的地位。
4. Our school will hold an activity whose theme is “Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories” next week.
下周，我们学校将举办一个主题为“外国人讲中国故事”的活动。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the 1.__________ (write) record of man's thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul. Up to now, we 2.__________ (reach) a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature. As we all know, literature has at least three significant 3.__________ (quality). The first quality of literature is 4.__________ (it) description of truth and beauty. Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a 5.__________ (sense) human soul brings them to our attention. The second quality is its appeal to our feelings and imagination 6.__________ (lie) more in what it awakens than what it says. The third quality is its permanence. 7.__________ (achieve) this, literature should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style. 8.__________ summary, good literature appeals to 9.__________ most basic of human nature—love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope, and it also takes on a personal style 10.__________ no writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences.
答案：1.written　2.have reached　3.qualities　4.its　5.sensitive　6.lying　7.To achieve　8.In　9.the　10.because
Ⅰ.词族关联(根据汉语和词性写出单词)
1. __________ vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁→__________ adj.有吸引力的；恳求的
2. __________ vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心→__________ adj.决心，坚定的→__________ n. 确定；决心
3. __________ adj.有重要意义的，显著的→__________ n. 意义，重要性；含义
4. __________ n. 描述，形容，说明→__________ v. 描述，形容
5. __________ adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的→__________ vt.感觉到，意识到，觉察出 n. 感觉，意识
6. __________ vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→__________ n. 反映；映像；反射；沉思
7. __________ adj. 有能力，有才能；能力强的→__________ n. 能力，才能
8. __________ vt. & vi. 唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来→__________ adj. 醒着vt. & vi. 唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来
9. __________ n. 永久，持久性→__________ adj.永久的，永恒的→__________ adv. 永久地，永恒地
10. __________ vt. 包含，含有，容纳；控制→__________ n. 容器；集装箱，货柜
11. __________ n. 总结，概括，概要→__________ vt. & vi. 总结，概括，概述
12. __________ n. (长篇)小说→__________ n. 小说家
13. __________ adj. 特定的；明确的，具体的→__________ adv. 专门地；明确地，具体地
14. __________ adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→__________ adv. 尤其，特别
15. __________ n. (同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐→__________ vt. & vi. 收藏；收集；募捐→__________ adj. 集体的，共同的
16. __________ n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→__________ adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的
17. __________ n. 诗集，诗歌→__________ n. 诗人→__________ n. 诗→__________ adj.诗的；富有诗情的
18. __________ vt. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏→__________ n. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏→__________ adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的
19. __________ vt. 挺直；(使)变直，变正→__________ adj. 直的；坦诚的，整齐的→__________ adv. 笔直地；直接
20. __________ vt. 完成→__________ n. 完成
21. __________ adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→__________ adj. 难以理解的，不清楚的→__________ vt. 使糊涂，使迷惑；(将……)混淆，混同→__________ n. 困窘，尴尬；混淆，混同
答案：1.appeal; appealing　2.determine; determined; determination　3.significant; significance　4.description; describe　5.sensitive; sense　6.reflect; reflection　7.capable; capability　8.awaken; awake　9.permanence; permanent; permanently　10.contain; container　11.summary; summarize　12.novel; novelist　13.specific; specifically　14.particular; particularly
15. collection; collect; collective　16.generosity; generous　17.poetry; poet; poem; poetic　18.destroy; destruction; destructive　19.straighten; straight; straightly　20.accomplish; accomplishment　21.confused; confusing; confuse; confusion
Ⅱ.词块构建(根据汉语意思，每空格中填入一个单词)
1. devote oneself __________ (doing) sth. 致力，专心，献身
2. __________ earnest 认真地
3. wake __________ 醒来
4. __________ range of 一系列；一些；一套
5. __________ store (for sb.) 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)
6. appeal __________ sb. (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣；(向某人)呼吁
7. reflect __________ 回顾；思考
8. make __________ effort to do sth. 努力做某事
9. be capable __________ doing sth.有能力做某事
10. __________ all one's strength (某人)竭尽全力
11. __________ the presence of 在……面前；有……在场
12. __________ summary 总的来说
13. draw__________ 凭借，利用
14. __________ particular 尤其，特别
15. provide sth. __________ sb. 给某人提供某物
?provide sb. __________ sth. 给某人提供某物
16. clear __________ (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
17. be well thought __________ 受到好评
18. be __________ the point of doing sth. 正要做某事　　
答案：1.to　2.in　3.up　4.a　5.in　6.to　7.on　8.an　9.of　10.with　11.in　12.in　13.on　14.in　15.for; with　16.up　17.of　18.on
Ⅲ.佳句背诵
1. What amazed the child was not a new world, ________________________________. (P44) 令孩子惊奇的不是一个新的世界，而是不为人注意的古老音乐。
仿写： 这顿饭不是为一个人准备的，而是供大家享用的。
The meal is ________________, but for everyone to enjoy.
2. Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race __________________________________. (P44)每一本书的背后都是人，人的背后是种族，种族的背后是自然和社会环境。
仿写：在后院有两只在草坪上打滚的狗。
________________________ tumbling about on the grassland.
3. Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed _________________________________________ to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. (P45)有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到有一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。
仿写：我们要探索一切途径，直到找到答案为止。
We will explore every avenue____________________________.
4. His mouth ________________________ but he could not reach for the water now.(P53) 他嘴里干得说不出话来，但是此刻他不能伸手去拿水喝。
仿写：又累又饿，老人在灼热的大中午再也走不动了。
The old man ____________________________ go any further in this heat of the noon.
答案：1.but the unnoticed music of the old; not for one　2.are the natural and social environments; In the courtyard are two dogs　3.until a sensitive human soul brings them; until we find an answer　4.was too dry to speak; was too tired and hungry to
1. appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁
教材原句：Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic. (P44)让一首小曲娱悦我们的耳朵，让一部巨著触动我们的心灵，这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。
?appeal to sb. 吸引某人
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事而向某人呼吁/恳求
appeal against sth. 不服某事而上诉
?make/launch an appeal (to sb. to do sth.) 呼吁/恳求(某人做某事)
appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的
? 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Among the collections are some delicate Chinese vases, which appeal ____________ visitors from all over the world.
②He makes philosophical thought an ________ (appeal) exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(2023·全国甲卷)
③We made an appeal to the villagers ________ money to build the bridge.
④我写信呼吁大家积极参加建设美丽校园。
________________________________ to take an active part in building a beautiful campus.(应用文写作之倡议书)
答案：①to　②appealing　③for　④I am writing to appeal/make an appeal to everyone
2. determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心
教材原句： The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.(P44)第一步是确定文学的一些重要特征。
determine to do sth. ＝determine on (doing) sth. 决定做某事
determined adj. 决心；坚定的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
determination n. 确定；决心
with determination 坚决地；果断地
? 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He proved that it's not what happens to us that ____________ (determine)our lives—it's what we make of what happens.
②His ____________ (determine) remains as strong as ever despite all the setbacks he has encountered.
③I have determined ____________ working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
④我们决定以优秀的校友为榜样，使自己成为对社会有用的人。
_________________________________________________________ and to make ourselves useful to the society.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
答案：①determines　②determination　③on　④We determine/are determined to follow the examples of our excellent schoolmates
3. significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的
it is significant that… 很明显……
significance n. 意义，重要性；含义
be of significance to/for… 对……有重要意义(to为介词)
attach significance to… 认为……重要；重视(to为介词)
significantly adv. 有重大意义地，显著地
? 单句语法填空/改写句子
①Because the system is automated, it __________ (significant) reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. (2024·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)
②The plan will extend protection to a ____________ (significance) number of areas.(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)
③It is significant ____________ girls generally do better in examinations than boys.
④This new discovery of oil is of much ______________ (significant) to this area's economy.
⑤Your help was very significant to me; without it, I wouldn't have been successful.(应用文写作之感谢信)
＝Your help __________________________; without it, I wouldn't have been successful.
答案：①significantly　②significant　③that　④significance　⑤was of great significance to me
4. sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
教材原句：Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. (P45)有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。
be sensitive to sth. 对……体贴/敏感
be sensitive about sth. 对……过敏；介意……
sense vt. 感觉到，意识到，觉察出 n. 感觉，意识
a sense of ……之感
sensible adj. 明智的，合理的；意识到，认识到
be sensible of 意识到……
sensitively adv. 谨慎地；敏感地；易受伤害地
? 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive ____________ all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.(2022·全国乙卷)
②She is very sensitive ____________ her weight.
③He handled the matter ______________ (sensitive).
④He did not appear to ____________ (意识到) the difficulties that lay ahead.
⑤I used the online platform as a diary, something to look back on, giving me ________________________ (成就感). (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
答案：①to　②about　③sensitively　④be sensible of　⑤a sense of achievement
5. reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思
reflect…in… 在……中映出……
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
reflect on/upon 认真思考；沉思
reflection n. 反映；映像；反射；沉思
on/upon reflection 经过思考，仔细考虑之后
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中
? 单句语法填空/改写句子
①At first I thought it was a bad idea, but ____________ reflection I realised she was right.
②As a musician, it's important to give maximum attention and time to your own __________ (reflect) of your own feelings.(2023·全国甲卷)
③When she reflected on her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve.(读后续写之心理描写)
＝____________________________, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve.(用动词?ing形式作状语)
答案：①on/upon　②reflections　③Reflecting on her volunteer experience
6. mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 v. 意思是；打算
教材原句：The book's main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. (P49)这本书的主角是斯克鲁奇，一个富有但吝啬的老人。
?be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬
?mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
be meant for 目的是，作……用
be meant to do sth. 注定要做某事，应做某事
be meant to be 被普遍认为是
meaning n. 意义；含义
meaningful adj. 有意义的
meaningless adj. 无意义的
? 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He has always been mean ____________ his money.
②In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects becomes more ____________ (mean) to me.(2023·全国甲卷)
③For many of us, moderation (适度) means ____________ (eat) less than we do now. But it doesn't mean ____________ (say) goodbye to the foods you love.(2024·全国甲卷)
④When was the last time you used a telephone box? I _________________________ (意思是打一个真正的电话)—not to shelter from the rain.(2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷·浙江)
⑤This activity ____________________________________________________ (旨在唤起我们保护环境的意识).
答案：①with　②meaningful　③eating; saying ④mean to make an actual phone call　⑤is meant to awake our awareness of environmental protection
7. attempt vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图
教材原句： After coming in empty?handed for eighty?four days, Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.(P53)空手而归84天后，圣地亚哥试图捕捉一条大鱼。
?attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
?make an attempt to do sth./at doing sth. 试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
at the first attempt 首次尝试
attempted adj. 企图的；未遂的
? 单句语法填空/一句多译
①In fact, I hoped to pass my driving test ____________ the first attempt and I made it.
②Before they fled the country, the enemy attempted ____________ (destroy) all the factories.
③Parents are making ____________ attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they have.
④It is said that the case is an ____________ (attempt) murder.
⑤不过，她还是没有尝试过飞行。(2023·全国新课标Ⅰ卷·浙江)
＝________________________________________________________________________
＝________________________________________________________________________
答案：①at　②to destroy　③an　④attempted ⑤Still, she made no attempt to fly.; Still, she didn't attempt to fly.
8. confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
教材原句： Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought.(P54)他心里想，现在你正变得头脑不清醒了。
be confused about… 对……感到困惑
confuse vt. 使糊涂，使迷惑；(将……)混淆，混同
confuse sth. and/with sth. 把……和……混淆
it confuses sb. that…＝what confuses sb. is that… 使某人困惑的是……
confusing adj. 难以理解的，不清楚的
confusion n. 困窘，尴尬；混淆，混同
confused用来形容人的心理、表情或声音等；confusing 常用来形容事或物。
? 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Be careful not to confuse “quantity” __________ “quality”.
②As for Bailey, she is more __________ (confuse) about why her act is considered a big deal.(2023·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
③Also, people aren't willing to change their views about food and nutrition, as there is so much __________ (confuse) information online.(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)
④People of my generation who lived through World War Ⅱ have vivid memories of ____________ (confuse) and incompetence.
⑤There was ____________________ (迷惑的表情) on his face when he met with ________________________ (令人迷惑的问题).
答案：①and/with　②confused　③confusing ④confusion　⑤a confused look; a confusing problem
1. devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身(to为介词)
教材原句：My meaning simply is, that whatever I have tried to do in life, I have tried with all my heart to do well; that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely; that in great aims and in small, I have always been thoroughly in earnest.(P43)我的意思很简单，就是无论我在生活中试图做什么，我都全力以赴地做好它；无论我献身于什么事业，我都毫无保留地献身于它；无论做大事还是小事，我总是一丝不苟，兢兢业业。
devote one's time/energy/attention to (doing) sth.把某人的时间/精力/注意力用在(做)某事上
be devoted to… 致力于……
devoted adj. 忠诚的
devotion n. 奉献；关爱
? 单句语法填空/改写句子
①He made up his mind to devote all he had to ____________ (help) those poor children.
②All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves ____________ protecting oceans.
③____________ all his life to educating his ____________ students, the teacher was admired for his ____________ to the education cause.(devote)
④He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.
＝______________________________, he was praised by the people around.(用分词作状语)
答案：①helping　②to　③Devoting; devoted; devotion　④Devoted to community activities或Devoting himself to community activities
2. draw on 凭借，利用
教材原句： No doubt drawing on his own experiences, Cao Xueqin gives a detailed description of what life was like at that time.(P47)毫无疑问，曹雪芹凭借自身经历，详细描述了当时的生活是什么样的。
draw in (天黑)渐早；使卷入
draw out (天黑)渐晚；拖延，拉长
draw near/closer 接近，靠近
draw one's attention 引起某人的注意
draw a conclusion (from sth.) (从某事中)得出结论
draw sth. from/out of 从……中提取/抽出
? 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In doing so, I'll draw ________ an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.(2023·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
②She drew the interview ____________ to over an hour.
③It is important to ____________________ (从事实中得出结论).
④I ______________________ (从……汲取力量) the millions of women who have faced this challenge successfully.
答案：①on　②out　③draw a conclusion from the facts　④draw strength from
1. not…but… 连接并列结构
教材原句： What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old.(P44) 令孩子惊奇的不是一个新的世界，而是不为人注意的古老音乐。
①not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，连接的前后内容表示转折，在结构上表示并列。
②当not…but…连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数要与but后的名词保持一致。
? 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Not you but I ____________ (be) wrong.
②The value of life doesn't lie in the length of days, ________________________________ (而在于我们如何利用这些日子).
③The objective of this debating game is ____________________________________ (不是为了赢，而是为了找到真相) that will allow you to move faster, farther and better.
答案：①am　②but lies in how we make use of them　③not to win but to get to the truth
2. until引导的时间状语从句
教材原句： Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. (P45)有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到有一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。
①until既是介词又是连词，引导时间状语，意为“直到……为止”，与till同义，但till更常用于口语中。
②until常用于否定句中，not until意为“直到……才”，当not until引导的时间状语从句置于句首时，主句的主语和谓语通常要用部分倒装。
③it is not until…that“直到……才”是其强调句式，强调时间状语，为常见的写作高级句式。
? 单句语法填空/改写句子
①In fact, don't wait __________ you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self?confidence at any time.(2023·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
②We didn't open the doors and began serving dinner until a couple of hours later.
＝Not until __________________________________________________________________
＝________________________________________________________________ (用强调句)
答案：①until　②a couple of hours later did we open the doors and began serving dinner.; It wasn't until a couple of hours later that we opened the doors and began serving dinner.
3. be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事
教材原句： He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time. (P54)每次他都感觉自己快要垮了。
be on the point of doing sth. when…＝be about to do sth. when… 正要做某事这时……
be doing sth. when… 正在做某事这时……
had just done sth. when… 刚做完某事这时……
? 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.(2022·全国新高考Ⅱ卷)
②I ____________ (have) just finished my exam when the bell rang.
③I __________________________ (刚要走) when someone knocked at the gate.
④He leaned on arm against the wall, ____________________________ (就快哭出来了).
答案：①was fixing　②had　③was on the point of leaving或was about to leave　④on the point of bursting into tears
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Her __________ (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.
2. He says he wants to find a way to make news __________ (appeal) to people.
3. She is a __________ girl, so we know that once she has __________ to do something, she will make her dream come true with great __________.(determine)
4. Scientists throughout the world agree that this is an invention of great __________ (significant).
5. This girl __________ what she had seen and heard, giving a vivid __________ of the event as if she had attended it herself.(describe)
6. Some of us are __________ (sense) to smells while others find colours easier to remember.
7. Your clothes are often a __________ (reflect)of your personality.
8. The aim of the tour was __________ (awake) people's interest and understanding of foreign cultures.
9. The new model will __________ (launch) in July next year.
10. Mary?Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese __________ (poet) today. What is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent.
11. So far no tsunami warning __________ (issue).
12. John Fowles is a British __________ (novel)who enjoys a popular fame in the contemporary literary arena.
13. Selected from ________ (collect) throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
14. Plastic plates, cups and ________ (contain) take up 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America's landfills.
15. It was your __________ help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK enjoyable.Thanks for your __________.(generous)
16. A badly sunburned face or back is __________ (extreme) painful.
17. The bridge __________ (destroy) by the earthquake so we couldn't get across the river.
18. The __________ (settle) is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of whom left their hometown for a better life in the city.
19. He stood up and __________ (straight) his shoulders.
20. People are __________ (confuse) about all the different labels on food these days.
答案：1.devotion　2.appealing　3.determined; determined; determination　4.significance　5.described; description　6.sensitive　7.reflection　8.to awaken　9.be launched　10.poem　11.has been issued　12.novelist　13.collections　14.containers　15.generous; generosity　16.extremely　17.was destroyed　18.settlement　19.straightened　20. confused
Ⅱ.短语填空
a range of, in store for, in summary, draw on, reflect on, appeal to, be capable of, make an effort, clear up, be determined to
1. I always __________ life when listening to Beethoven's symphony.
2. His reading covers __________ subjects.
3. Like most novelists, he plans to __________ his childhood.
4. More and more people are __________ to quit smoking currently.
5. It won't take long to __________ after the get?together if we all volunteer to help.
6. The scenery of Jiuzhaigou Valley __________ the tourists from all over the world.
7. There are lots of surprises __________ visitors to the gallery.
8. He __________ sail around the world despite his illness and old age.
9. __________, this is an excellent book for white collar workers.
10. We should __________ facing all difficulties at critical moments.
答案：1.reflect on　2.a range of　3.draw on　4.making an effort　5.clear up　6.appeals to　7.in store for　8.was determined to　9.In summary 　10.be capable of
Ⅲ.熟词生义
1. The police have issued an appeal for witnesses to the traffic accident.________________
2. I communicated with a lawyer, whose point of view on the global affair was very novel.________________
3. The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet.________________
4. To further confuse the issue in the experiment，there is an enormous variation in the amount of sleep people feel happy with.________________
答案：1.v.宣布，公布　2.adj.新颖的　3.v.上演，举办　4.v.使复杂化
Ⅳ.话题语法填空
A new English version of a modern classic Chinese book for children, I Want To Be Good by Huang Beijia, a well?known 1.__________ (write) in China, was published in January 2.__________ (eventual) by UK?based New Classic Press.
The book, which was translated by Nicky Harman, a UK?based prize?winning literary translator, had been picked 3.__________ a “Top Children's Book in Translation” by the International Committee of the Children's Literature Association.
As 4.__________ matter of fact, it became a classic when it was first published in 1996 by the Chinese publisher and 5.__________ (sell) over 5 million copies in China since then. It has also been adapted for cinema, television and stage, and translated into nine 6.__________ (language) including English, French, Korean, Vietnamese and Arabic.
The book tells the story of a 10?year?old girl 7.__________ is under pressure to do better and pass important school exams. The author said the story was inspired by her personal life, 8.__________ (indicate) “the complicated relationship between mother and daughter” and challenging “the traditional thought of being a Tiger Mother in the 9.__________ (compete) learning environment in China.”
The book has been much loved in China as it has encouraged a generation of young readers 10.__________ (achieve) their dreams, and most importantly, to be themselves.
答案：1.writer　2.eventually　3.as　4.a　5.has sold　6.languages　7.who/that　8.indicating　9.competitive　10.to achieve
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·湖南长沙)
Engaging your brain actively at work can benefit you in more ways than just advancing your career—it may also safeguard your cognitive (认知的) abilities and help prevent dementia (痴呆症) as you get older, a new study found.
The study, published in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7, 000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s. “Many other studies on this topic have looked at the most recent jobs that people have,” said lead author Dr. Trine Edwin, a researcher at University of Oslo, “but due to the national database we have in Norway, we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes.”
To do the analysis, Edwin categorized the cognitive demands of 305 occupations in Norway. More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks, even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers' understandings of students' different situations and teachers' empathy.”
Having a routine job with little mental stimulation during your 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is linked to a 66% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (损伤) and a 37% greater risk of dementia after the age of 70, when compared with having an occupation—that requires more complex thinking. “The occupational environment is paramount in promoting cognitive well?being,” said Edwin. “Similarly, just like we can use physical exercise to grow and maintain our muscles, exercising our brain through more challenging work assignments seems to help fight dementia.”
“While I'd guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities, learning new job tasks, and refining (改进) their skills at work over a period of time, further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain healthy benefits,” Edwin added.
1. Why is Edwin's research remarkable?
A. Because it focused on emerging industries.
B. Because it tracked a long?term occupation impact.
C. Because it only studied Norwegians of a certain age.
D. Because it drew much inspiration from past studies.
2. What makes teaching a cognitively demanding job?
A. The complete lack of repetitive tasks.
B. The number of students and parents.
C. The harmonious relationship it creates.
D. The emotional labor it involves.
3. What does the underlined word “paramount” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Vital. B. Urgent.
C. Realistic. D. Sufficient.
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Activities that can refine people's skills at work.
B. A recommendation for future research directions.
C. Tips for people who want professional advancement.
D. Disadvantages of routine jobs that need further proof.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一项新的研究发现，让大脑积极工作不仅能促进你的事业发展，还能随着年龄的增长，保护人们的认知能力，并有助于预防痴呆症。
1. B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The study, published in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7, 000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s.(这项发表在《神经学》杂志上的研究分析了7 000名挪威人的健康和职业数据，这些人从30多岁开始一直被跟踪到60多岁退休。)”可知，不同于大多数同类研究，这项研究分析了7 000名挪威人的健康和职业数据，时间覆盖了这些人的30多岁至60多岁，由此可知，该研究追踪了职业的长期影响。故选B。
2. D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching，’ Edwin said, ‘as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers' understandings of students' different situations and teachers' empathy.’(‘这个群体中有律师、医生、会计和公共服务人员，但最常见的职业是教学工作，’Edwin说，‘因为课堂和学校之外的有效沟通很重要。这总是取决于教师对学生不同情况的理解和教师的同理心。’)”可知，老师需要经常与学生和家长交流，即教师这一职业需要对家长和学生产生共情，使其成为对认知要求较大的工作。故选D。
3. A　词义猜测题。根据画线单词前的“Having a routine job with little mental stimulation…that requires more complex thinking.(与需要更复杂思维的职业相比，在30多岁、40多岁、50多岁和60多岁做一份缺乏精神刺激的常规工作，患轻度认知障碍的风险要高出66%，70岁后患痴呆症的风险要高出37%。)”可知，缺乏精神刺激的常规工作会提高患上轻度认知障碍和痴呆症的风险，即职业环境在促进认知健康方面是至关重要的，由此可知，画线单词的意思与“重要的”意义相近。故选 A。
4. B　段落大意题。根据尾段“‘While I'd guess that people at risk for dementia…which specific activities have the most brain healthy benefits,’ Edwin added.(Edwin补充说：‘虽然我认为有痴呆症风险的人可以通过利用职业发展机会，学习新的工作任务，并在一段时间内提高他们的工作技能来受益良多，但进一步的研究需要明确哪些特定的活动对大脑健康最有好处。’)”可知，Edwin认为，虽然有痴呆症风险的人可以从一些活动中受益，但还需要进一步的研究来阐明哪些特定的活动对大脑健康最有好处，即指出了未来的研究方向。故选B。
“主旨大意题之段落大意题”答题技能
第一步
扫描题干，找关键词：关键词what、paragraph、is…mainly talk about
第二步
根据关键词，定位信息：找到正确的段落。
第三步
分析该段的结构，找到主题句并概括段落大意：
如果该段是按总分结构组织，主题句就在段首；
如果按分总结构组织，主题句就在段尾；
如果按分总分的结构组织，则主题句在中间；
如果按总分总的结构组织，我们可以很明显地看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；
如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；
如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
第四步
无主题句则需要揣摩段落大意：作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要读者充分发挥想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。
名师点睛：要全面概括主题句所包含的内容。切记不要选以偏概全、移花接木的选项。
Ⅱ.应用文赏析
(2025·湖南长沙)
假定你是李华，剑桥大学将举办国际青少年文化交流营(International Youth Cultural Exchange Camp)，现已开放申请。请你给其负责人Henry写一封邮件申请参加，内容包括：
1. 自我介绍并提出申请；
2. 个人优势；
3. 表达希望。
【精选佳作】
根据中文补全语篇：
Dear Henry，
My name is Li Hua, a 17?year?old student from Hunan Province, China. I am writing to ①_____________________________________(寻求参与的机会)the International Youth Cultural Exchange Camp.
I believe I am an ideal candidate for this program. My cheerful personality allows me ②____________________________________(能够与他人建立积极的关系). Thus, I am eager to bring my energy to this program. Furthermore, with over a decade of English study, I possess a strong command of the language, enabling me to share Chinese culture with foreigners effortlessly.
I sincerely hope to be granted this valuable opportunity. I would appreciate it if you could spare your precious time to consider my request.
Yours，
Li Hua
【句式点拨】
Furthermore, with over a decade of English study, I possess a strong command of the language, enabling me to share Chinese culture with foreigners effortlessly.
翻译：③____________________________________________________________________
分析：句中enabling me to share Chinese culture with foreigners effortlessly为④________在句中作状语。
【结构解析】
答案：①seek the opportunity to participate in ②to build positive relationships with others　③此外，经过十多年的英语学习，我掌握了很强的语言能力，能够毫不费力地与外国人分享中国文化。　④非谓语动词　⑤申请　⑥交流
　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·浙江杭州)
Frank Herbert's science fiction Dune was the first coming?of?age story that helped me survive my lonely junior high school. At age 12, my life was the tiny, boring cycle of home, school and my parents' store. Dune cracked it all open and led me to a universe that made my little world a lot more bearable. Unlike Holden Caulfield who kept breaking windows in The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Sailingèr, Dune's main character, Paul Atreides, equipped me with a junior?high survival guide.
Paul is not a classic underdog. He's the son of a king. He's been trained since birth in war arts, politics and critical survival skills by a group of smart and experienced men with impossible?to?pronounce names. But when his world is turned upside down—when he leaves his home, loses his father and enters a physically and politically hostile environment—he doesn't complain and cry. He adapts.
To this day, I can still recite his words against fear: “I must not fear. Fear is the mind?killer. Fear is the little?death that brings total destruction. I will face my fear. I will permit it to pass over me and through me. And when it has gone past, I will turn the inner eye to see its path. Where the fear has gone, there will be nothing. Only I will remain.”
The steady diet of literary fiction assigned by my teachers was escapist (逃避现实的) and the very act of reading (whatever the content) usually took me out of a given moment, but didn't provide much advice on how to face my daily conflicts and painful insecurity.
Dune was escapist, too. However, it was expansive and literally redefined possibility for me who had been struggling along with eyes on the ground, just trying to make it through another day of boredom and hardship of being a teenage girl. Paul lifted my eyes up so I could see the stars.
1. Which can best explain the underlined word “hostile” in paragraph 2?
A. Sensitive. B. Unfriendly.
C. Unbeneficial. D. Private.
2. What does Paul impress the author most?
A. His survival skills.
B. His noble birth.
C. His courage to face fear.
D. His escapist attitude.
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The plot of Dune was more complicated than other fictions.
B. The author learned much knowledge of stars from Dune.
C. Paul helped the author escape from the real world.
D. The author changed her attitude towards life owing to Paul.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. The Catcher in the Rye Should Be Banned
B. Teenagers Should Not Read Literary Fictions
C. Dune Became My Junior?High Survival Guide
D. Science Fiction Is Better than Literary Fiction
答案及解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者回顾了弗兰克·赫伯特的科幻小说《沙丘》曾对自己产生的影响。
1. B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Paul is not a classic underdog. He's the son of a king…when he leaves his home, loses his father (保罗不是一个典型的小人物。他是国王的儿子。他从出生起就被一群聪明而有经验的人训练，学习战争艺术、政治和关键的生存技能，这些人的名字都叫不出来。但当他的世界被颠覆时——当他离开家，失去父亲)”以及画线词之后“he doesn't complain and cry. He adapts(他没有抱怨和哭泣。他适应)”可知，失去国王父亲的荫蔽后，保罗要直接面对一个完全不同的世界，而前文提到他所在的环境是很优渥的，后文表示转折，由此可推知画线词hostile的意思是“敌对的；不利的”，与unfriendly(不友好的)意思相近。故选B。
2. C　推理判断题。根据第三段“To this day, I can still recite his words against fear: ‘I must not fear…Only I will remain.’(直到今天，我还能背诵他那句对抗恐惧的话：‘我不能害怕。恐惧是精神杀手。恐惧是带来彻底毁灭的小死亡。我要面对我的恐惧。我要让它从我身上经过，并穿过我。当它过去的时候，我将转动内心的眼睛去看它的路径。恐惧消失的地方什么都没有。只有我会留下来。’)”可知，作者至今依旧记得保罗对抗恐惧的话语；由此可推断，保罗面对恐惧的勇气给作者留下了最深刻的印象。故选C。
3. D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Dune was escapist, too. However, it was expansive and…Paul lifted my eyes up so I could see the stars.(《沙丘》也是逃避现实的。然而，对我来说，这是一种广阔的、重新定义的可能性，我一直在挣扎，眼睛盯着地面，只是想度过少女无聊而艰辛的一天。保罗抬起我的眼睛，让我能看到星星。)”可知，在读这本书之前作者只想无聊和艰难地度过一天又一天，但是保罗让作者看到了天上的星星；由此可知，由于保罗，作者改变了她对生活的态度。故选D。
4. C　标题归纳题。根据第一段“Frank Herbert's science fiction Dune was the first coming?of?age story…equipped me with a junior?high survival guide.(弗兰克·赫伯特的科幻小说《沙丘》是第一个帮助我度过孤独的初中生活的成长故事。在我12岁的时候，我的生活就像一个又小又无聊的循环：家、学校和父母的商店。《沙丘》打破了这一切，把我带到了一个让我的小世界变得更容易忍受的世界。与《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿·考尔菲德不断打破窗户不同，《沙丘》中的主角保罗·厄崔迪给我提供了一本初中生存指南。)”以及纵观全文可知，科幻小说《沙丘》给作者提供了许多的生存技巧，所以C项“Dune Became My Junior?High Survival Guide(《沙丘》成了我的初中生存指南)”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·福建南平)
Jon Fosse was born on September 29, 1959, Haugesund, Norway. He is an author of novels, plays, poems, children's books, and essays. __1__ He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2023 “for his innovative plays and prose (散文) which give voice to the unsayable”.
Fosse grew up on a rural farm near Strandebarm, Norway. He started writing at age 12 or 13, first composing song lyrics (歌词). __2__ Then he started to create poems. In 1979 Fosse graduated from high school and moved to Bergen, where he began working for the newspaper Gula Tidend. Throughout the 1980s he studied at the University of Bergen, receiving an M. A. in comparative literature in 1987.
During the 1980s, Fosse published his first novels, namely Red, Black in 1983 and Stringed Guitar in 1985. Both works feature the simple style of prose. __3__ By this time, he had become an instructor at the Academy of Writing in Hordaland.
__4__ And he initially refused to write plays when asked. He gave in in 1992, however, when he needed money. He started writing the dialogues for Someone Is Going to Come in 1996 and found it to be surprisingly easy. Many plays quickly followed. It was, however, French director Claude Régy's 1999 staging of Someone Is Going to Come in Paris that led to Fosse's breakthrough in Europe.
Following that success, Fosse focused primarily on writing plays. At the turn of the 21st century, productions of his plays included A Summer's Day and I Am the Wind. The former one is about a woman who anticipates the return of her husband from a trip out on his boat. __5__
A. He later joined a band.
B. Fosse became world?famous.
C. Fosse never planned to become a dramatist.
D. He also works as an instructor and a translator.
E. He also released his first collection of poems in 1986.
F. He had to earn money by writing novels after marriage.
G. The latter focuses on two men experiencing an existential crisis in a fishing boat.
答案及解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了诺贝尔文学奖获得者约恩·福瑟。
1. D　本句和上一句介绍约恩·福瑟的身份。上文“He is an author of novels, plays, poems, children's books, and essays.(他著有小说，戏剧、诗歌、儿童读物和散文。)”讲述了他是哪类作品的作者。D项“He also works as an instructor and a translator.(他还担任讲师和翻译。)”介绍他的其他身份。故选D。
2. A　根据上文“He started writing at age 12 or 13, first composing song lyrics (歌词). (他从12或13岁开始写作，首先创作歌词。)”可推断，空格处内容与写歌词有关，所以 A 项“He later joined a band.(后来他加入了一个乐队。)”符合语境。故选A。
3. E　本段介绍他在20世纪80年代发表的作品。根据上文“During the 1980s, Fosse published his first novels, namely Red，Black in 1983 and Stringed Guitar in 1985.(在20世纪80年代，福瑟出版了他最早的小说，分别是1983年的《红、黑》和1985年的《上锁的吉他》。)”可知，介绍了福瑟1983年和1985年出版小说，根据下文的“By this time”可知，空格处出现了时间。E项“He also released his first collection of poems in 1986.(1986年，他还出版了他的第一本诗集。)”中in 1986与下文衔接连贯。故选E。
4. C　根据下文“And he initially refused to write plays when asked. He gave in in 1992, however, when he needed money. He started writing the dialogues for Someone Is Going to Come in 1996 and found it to be surprisingly easy.(起初，他拒绝接受写剧本的要求。然而，1992年，当他需要钱时，他让步了。1996年，他开始为《有人将至》写台词，并发现它出奇地容易。)”可知，空格处内容应指出写剧本的情况。C项“Fosse never planned to become a dramatist.(福瑟从未打算成为一名剧作家。)”中的dramatist与下文的write plays和started writing the dialogues在内容上相关。故选C。
5. G　根据上文“Following that success, Fosse focused primarily on writing plays…anticipates the return of her husband from a trip out on his boat.(那次成功之后，福瑟主要专注于剧本创作。在21世纪之交，他的戏剧作品包括《一个夏日》和《我是风》。前者讲的是一个女人期待丈夫乘船外出旅行归来的故事。)”可知，提到两部作品《一个夏日》和《我是风》；并且解释了前一个作品的内容，由此可知，空格处解释后一个作品的内容。所以G项“The latter focuses on two men experiencing an existential crisis in a fishing boat.(后者聚焦于两名在渔船上经历生存危机的男子。)”符合语境。The former与The latter相呼应。故选G。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·安徽联考)
A Cheating Incident
Raj looked into the teacher's stony face as she raised an eyebrow. With his forehead bathed in sweat, he attempted to hide the book beneath his desk, but in vain. The watchful teacher had already caught sight of his behavior. She swiftly snatched the book away and ordered him to stand till the time was up, a period that seemed to stretch endlessly.
To Raj's regret and disappointment, he had forgotten to study for the important quiz. It was CAI, the crucial stage of his academic year, and Raj was having his Science paper. He closed his eyes as he tried to recall. Then, it dawned on him. A week earlier, his Science teacher had clearly informed the class, “Next week, we'll be having a quiz focusing on Interactions and Matter. Make sure you study these topics thoroughly.” Raj blamed himself for letting such vital information slip his mind among the chaos of daily school life.
With the clock ticking, he was briefly glancing through the pages of his textbook, desperately trying to absorb any last?minute knowledge before the quiz began. However, just as he was doing so, the teacher severely instructed everyone to pack away everything except their pencil cases. Raj let out a low sigh, despair settling heavily in his chest.
As the teacher handed out the papers, he felt nervous and his hands grew icy and slick with sweat, showing his anxiety. Drops of sweat stood out on his forehead as he tried to focus. Thoughts of being a failure ran through his mind. He moved his body from side to side in his seat as he thought of the notes he had secretly hidden in his pencil case.
Finally, the teacher announced, “Class, the time is 10：00 a. m. We will stop at 11：00 a. m. sharp. You may begin, now.” The noise of flurrying papers was heard as students attentively turned to the first page. Raj rapidly filled out the multiple?choice section without much consideration, his heart pounding faster with each tick of the clock.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
When he came to the open?ended questions, he sighed desperately from the bottom of his heart. ________________________________________________________________________________
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Once the time was up, the teacher took him to the headmaster's office. ___________________
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One possible version
When he came to the open?ended questions, he sighed desperately from the bottom of his heart. They were his weak point. Casting secret glances around him, he dishonestly drew out his notes. He unfolded them and began scanning them. As he was putting them back in, he felt someone tapping his shoulder. Filled with fear, Raj turned slowly in his seat and stared at the stony face of the teacher. She pointed to the notes hidden in his pencil case and raised an eyebrow in disbelief. Raj trembled in his seat, too, afraid to utter a word, as the teacher took his paper away.
Once the time was up, the teacher took him to the headmaster's office. The headmaster gave him a first and final lecture about cheating. Raj's face turned red with embarrassment. He was genuinely regretful. Once bitten, twice shy. He silently promised himself that he would never cheat again. From that day forward, Raj kept his promise. The cheating incident served as a harsh reminder for him to stay attentive during classes, to respect the learning process, and to avoid the foolish thoughts of shortcuts.
【详解】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了拉杰忘了为重要的测验做准备，于是他选择在考试的时候作弊，结果被老师抓住，事后他认识到了自己的错误，决心不再作弊。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当他做到开放式问题时，他从心底绝望地叹了口气。”可知，第一段可描写拉杰作弊结果被抓住的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“时间一到，老师就把他带到校长办公室。”可知，第二段可描写拉杰被带到办公室，老师对他进行了教育，拉杰认识到了自己的错误。
2. 续写线索：拉杰作弊——被老师抓住——拉杰害怕——被带到办公室——拉杰后悔——拉杰感悟