【高考突破方案】英语必修三U1听课手册-高考一轮总复习 （教师版） 译林版

Unit 1　Nature in the balance
Ⅰ.话题单词
surround v. 包围　 downtown adv. 在市中心　　 located/situated adj. 位于 urban adj. 城市的 remote adj. 偏远的 broad adj. 宽阔的 steep adj. 陡峭的 mountainous adj. 多山的 coastal adj. 沿海的 distant adj. 远处的，遥远的 basin n. 盆地 forest n. 森林 jungle n. 丛林，密林 mountain n. 山 valley n. 山谷，溪谷 desert n. 沙漠 mainland n. 大陆 stream n. 小河，溪 hillside n. 小山坡 harbour n. 海港 capital n. 首都 landmark n. 地标 spot n. 地点 v. 发现
Ⅱ.话题词块
in the distance 在远处　　　 　in the long run 从长远来看　　in possession of 占有，拥有 cover an area of 面积有…… be in short supply 供应不足 be rich/abundant in 盛产…… take on a new look 呈现新面貌　　　　　 have a population of 有……人口 be surrounded by/with 被……包围 a wide variety of food 种类繁多的食物 with/have a history of 有……的历史 within one's reach 在某人够得着的地方 within walking/driving distance 步行/开车可及 enjoy yourself hearing birds singing in trees 享受听鸟儿在树上唱歌的乐趣 watch fish swimming in clear water 看鱼儿在清澈的水中游泳 Only One Earth, Care and Share 只有一个地球——一齐关心，共同分享 what impresses you most is probably that… 你印象最深刻的可能是……
Ⅲ.话题句式
1. Located in the south of China, Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.
广州位于中国的南部，被认为是我国最现代化的城市之一。
2. The West Lake, with hills on three sides and many beautiful parks around, attracts a large number of visitors at home and abroad.
西湖，三面环山，周围有很多美丽的公园，吸引着大量的国内外游客。
3. New Zealand is an island country which lies off the eastern coast of Australia. It is made up of two major islands.
新西兰是一个位于澳大利亚东海岸附近的岛国。它由两个主要岛屿组成。
4. Britain, with an area of 244，100 square kilometres and a population of 67，596，000, is located in the northwest of the European Continent, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean.
英国占地24.41万平方千米，人口6 759.6万，位于欧洲大陆西北部，被大西洋包围。
Ⅳ.语法填空
As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem. 1.__________ (cross) into eight countries and covering an area of around 6 million square kilometres on the South American continent, the Amazon rainforest, 2.__________ name is got from the Amazon River which supports many different ecosystems. These ecosystems give the area the 3.__________ (rich) biodiversity on the Earth. There 4.__________ (be) more than 4,000 plant species in the Amazon rainforest. Different wildlife exists in different levels of the forest and each level of the forest forms 5.__________ (it) own little world, supporting an unbelievable 6.__________ (various) of living things. At the same time, quantities of plants and animals help to form 7.__________ forest's food chain. For example, as one element of the food chain, jaguars feed on at least 87 species and in turn a tiny army of microorganisms will break 8.__________ jaguars' bodies after their death, thus returning the nutrients to the earth. Though known as the “lungs of the planet”, 9.__________ (fortunate), over the past 50 years, much of the Amazon rainforest has disappeared and more species are in danger of extinction due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. We cannot afford 10.__________ (damage) the “lungs of the planet”.
答案：1.Crossing　2.whose　3.richest　4.are　5.its　6.variety　7.the/this　8.down　9.unfortunately　10.to damage
Ⅰ.词族关联(根据汉语和词性写出单词)
1. __________ n. & vt.伤害，损害→__________ adj.有害的→__________ adj.无害的
2. __________ n. 地区，区域；行政区→__________ adj.地区的
3. __________ n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→__________ vt.加长→__________ adj.长的
4. __________ n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→__________ adj.各种不同的，各种各样的→__________ vi. (根据情况)变化，变更；相异，不同 vt. 变更，改变
5. __________ adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的→__________ vi. & vt.高耸；屹立；超过 n. 塔；发射塔
6. __________ vi. 生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→__________ n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→__________ n. 幸存者
7. __________ n. 营养素，营养物→__________ n. 营养→__________ adj.有营养的，营养丰富的
8. __________ vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→__________ n. 消失，失踪→__________ v. 出现，呈现；显得，看来，似乎→__________ n. 出现；外观，外貌
9. __________ n. 农业，农学→__________ adj.农业的
10. __________ n. 灭绝，绝种→__________ adj.灭绝的；绝迹的
11. __________ adj.全球的；全面的→__________ n. 球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→__________ vt.使……全球化→__________ n. 全球化
12. __________ n. 应用，运用；申请→__________ vt. & vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关→__________ n. 申请人
13. __________ n. 组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→__________ vt.组织；安排
14. __________ adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→__________ adj.绝对的，完全的
15. __________ adv.完全地，全部地，完整的→__________ adj.完全的，全部的，整个的
16. __________ n. 利润，收益；好处 vi. & vt.获益，得到好处→__________ adj.有利可图的
17. __________ n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→__________ vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解→__________ adj. 防御的，保护的；戒备的
18. __________ adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→__________ n. 经济→__________ n. 经济学家
19. __________ vt. 回收利用，再利用→__________ n. 回收利用→__________ adj. 可回收利用的
20. __________ n. 官员，要员 adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的→__________ adv. 正式的，官方地→__________ n. 办公室→__________ n. 军官
21. __________ vt. 污染；毒死，毒害 n. 毒物，毒药→__________ adj. 有毒的
22. __________ n. 化学制品 adj. 化学的；化学作用的→__________ n. 药剂师，药商；化学家→__________ n. 化学
23. __________ n. 结果，后果；重要性→__________ adj.随之发生的→__________ adv.因此，所以
答案：1.harm; harmful; harmless　2.region; regional　3.length; lengthen; long　4.variety; various; vary　5.towering; tower　6.survive; survival; survivor　7.nutrient; nutrition; nutritious　8.disappear; disappearance; appear; appearance　9.agriculture; agricultural　10.extinction; extinct 11. global; globe; globalize; globalization　12.application; apply; applicant　13.organization/organisation; organize/organise　14.absolutely; absolute　15.entirely; entire　16.profit; profitable 17. defence/defense; defend; defensive　18.economic; economy; economist　19.recycle; recycling; recyclable　20.official; officially; office; officer　21.poison; poisonous　22.chemical; chemist; chemistry　23.consequence; consequent; consequently
Ⅱ.词块构建(根据汉语意思，每空格中填入一个单词)
1. play a significant role __________ (doing) sth. 在(做)……中起重要作用/扮演重要角色
2. __________ length 在长度上
3. be home __________ … 是……的家园/栖息地
4. a variety__________ 各种各样的
5. __________ turn 相应地，转而
6. break __________ 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
7. breathe life __________ 给……带来起色，注入活力
8. due__________ 由于，因为
9. feed __________ 以……为主食
10. __________ to do sth. 有条件做某事，负担得起某物
11. build__________ 逐渐增加，扩大
12. come __________ with 想出，想到
13. divide…__________… 把……分成……
14. call __________ (公开) 要求，需要
15. spring __________ mind 突然记起(或想到)
16. have the greatest impact __________… 对……有最大的影响/冲击
17. put… __________ danger 把……置于危险之中
18. get rid __________ 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
19. protest __________ 抗议
20. connect…__________… 把……和……联系起来
21. __________ defence of 为……作解释或辩护；保卫，捍卫
22. achieve __________ balance (between…and…) (在……和……之间)实现平衡
23. give rise __________ 使发生(或存在)
24. (be) alive __________ 充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西)　　
答案：1.in　2.in　3.to　4.of　5.in　6.down　7.into　8.to　9.on　10.afford　11.up　12.up　13.into　14.for　15.to　16.on　17.in　18.of　19.against　20.with　21.in　22.a　23.to　24.with
Ⅲ.佳句背诵
1. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is ______________________________________. (P2)亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一半以上。
仿写：我面前是另一条小溪，是我之前跨过的那条的两倍宽。
In front of me was another stream, which was __________________________ the one I had crossed before.
2. You can watch it online if ____________________. (P6)如果你想看的话，可以在线观看。
仿写：我该做的一半都没有做到。
I haven't done half as well as ______________.
3. As the human population continues to grow, ________________________________. (P8)随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
仿写：女孩露出灿烂的笑容，妈妈也是。
The girl had a broad smile on her face, __________________________________.
答案：1.more than half the size of China; twice the width of　2.you want to; I ought to　3.so does the effect we have on animals; and so did the mother
1. harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害
教材原句：The human race has done much harm. (P1)人类造成了很多危害。
do/cause harm to sb./sth. 对某人/某物造成伤害
do more harm than good 弊大于利
come to no harm＝not come to any harm 没有受到伤害/损害
there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害处
harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有害
harmless adj. 无害的
be harmless to sb./sth.对某人/某物无害
单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing __________ (harm) gases, such as carbon dioxide.(2023·全国乙卷)
②The dogs look fierce, but actually they are __________ (harm).
③Modern farming methods have done considerable harm __________ the countryside.
④电子产品占据我们的时间，而且对眼睛有害。
Electronic products occupy our time and ________________________ our eyes.
⑤她看到孩子们没有出事，松了一口气。
She was relieved to see the children ____________________________.
＝She was relieved to see the children ____________________________.
答案：①harmful　②harmless　③to　④are harmful to或do/cause harm to　⑤had come to no harm; hadn't come to any harm
2. survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难
教材原句：While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.(P3)尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
survive sth. 幸免于
survive on… 靠……存活
A survive B by＋时间 A比B多活多长时间
survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
fight for survival 为生存而奋斗
the survival of the fittest 适者生存
survivor n. 幸存者
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Major Hawkins was the only ________ (survive) of the crash.
②The ____________ of the earthquake are fighting for ____________.(survive)
③I don't know how you all manage to survive ____________ Jeremy's salary.
④He ________________________ (在事故中幸免于难) without any injury.
答案：①survivor　②survivors; survival　③on ④survived the accident
3. disappear vi. 不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪
教材原句：Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.(P3)在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。
disappear from view/sight 从视线中消失
disappear into… 消失在……中
disappearance n. 消失，失踪
appear v. 出现，呈现；显得，看来，似乎
appear (to be)＋adj./n. 似乎……，看起来……
appear to do sth. 似乎/可能做某事
it appears (that…) 似乎……，看起来……
appearance n. 出现；外观，外貌
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Her sudden ____________ (appear) was very worrying.
②The disease also had an impact on her ____________ (appear).
③既惊讶又尴尬，她感觉好像所有的空气都要消失了，全世界的人都在看着她。
Amazed and embarrassed, she feels as if ________________________ and people around the world were watching her.(读后续写之心理描写)
答案：①disappearance　②appearance　③all the air was to disappear
4. consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性
face/take the consequence 面对/承担后果
as a consequence＝in consequence 结果，因此(＝as a result)
as a consequence of…＝in consequence of… 由于……的缘故(＝as a result of…)
consequent adj. 随之发生的
consequently adv. 因此，所以
单句语法填空/完成句子/改写句子
①The inability to engage with longer term causes and ____________ (consequent) leads to some of the world's most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.(2023·北京卷)
②The rise in inflation and ____________ (consequence) fall in demand impacted many people.
③He broke the law, and now he ______________________________________ (必须承担自己的行为所带来的后果).
④He lost his legs in an accident, and as a result, his life was completely destroyed.
＝He lost his legs in an accident, and ________________, his life was completely destroyed.
＝He lost his legs in an accident, and ________________, his life was completely destroyed.
＝________________ losing his legs in an accident, his life was completely destroyed.
答案：①consequences　②consequent　③must take the consequences of his actions　④consequently; as a consequence或in consequence; As a consequence of或In consequence of
1. break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)；出故障；(身体)垮掉；消除；砸破
教材原句：When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.(P3) 当美洲豹死亡后，一小群微生物帮助分解其尸体，让营养物质返回到泥土中。
break up 破裂，解散；破碎；结束
break in 打断；强行进入
break into 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)
break off 折断；突然停止
break out 突然开始，爆发；逃离
break through 突破；克服，战胜
break away from… 逃脱……；摆脱……
break in和break into都有“闯入”的意思。break into是及物动词短语，后面要接宾语。break in是不及物动词短语，后面不能接宾语。
用break短语的正确形式填空
①A neighbor asked for the music to be turned down and the party ________________.
②Tom had worked under so much pressure for so long a time and his health ______________ in the end.
③A thief ______________ last night and stole a lot of jewelry.
④When he came back, he found his house ______________ last night.
⑤The pickpocket ______________ the policeman and ran away.
⑥When a fire ______________ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.
⑦We attempted to ______________ the lines of the enemy.
⑧She told the story, ______________ now and then to wipe the tears from her eyes.
⑨Sugar and starch(淀粉) ______________ in the stomach.
答案：①broke up　②broke down　③broke in ④had been broken into　⑤broke away from　⑥broke out　⑦break through　⑧breaking off ⑨broke down
2. come up with 想出，想到
教材原句：All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.(P6) 他们都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。
come up 出现；被提及；走近；发芽；(太阳)升起
come down with 患/染上(小病)
come out 出版；开花；(太阳、月亮或星星)出现
come about 发生
come across (偶然)遇见，发现；被理解
come to 总计；达到
when it comes to (doing) sth. 当谈到……
单句语法填空/完成句子
①As soon as the project came __________ at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.
②Specialists can come up __________ new ways to solve the problem of air pollution.
③When we read newspapers, we often come __________ such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”.
④When it comes to __________ (improve) spoken English, my advice is that you should listen to and speak English every day.
⑤___________________________ (当谈到我最喜欢的季节), spring will always occur to me in no time.(读后续写之环境描写)
答案：①up　②with　③across　④improving ⑤When it comes to the season I like best
1. 倍数＋the＋名词＋of…
教材原句：With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. (P2)亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一半以上。
常见的倍数表达法：
①倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/width/height/weight…)＋of＋被比较的对象
②倍数＋as＋adj./adv. (原级)＋as…
③倍数＋比较级＋than…
④倍数＋what…
以上句式中的倍数可以是once、twice、three times、four times等，也可以是half、分数、百分数等。
单句语法填空/一句多译
①The price of the house this year is five times ____________ it was ten years ago.
②This river is three times the ____________ (long) of that one.
③This mountain is twice ____________ (high) than the one I climbed last week.
④Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)
⑤新建的图书馆是以前的三倍大。
The newly built library is _________________________________ the previous one.
＝The newly built library is __________________________________ the previous one.
＝The newly built library is __________________________________ the previous one.
答案：①what　②length　③higher　④the　⑤three times as large as; twice larger than; three times the size of
2. 不定式后省略动词
教材原句：You can watch it online if you want to.(P6)如果你想看的话，可以在线观看。
为了避免重复，在want to、like to、love to、hope to、try to、expect to、intend to、be afraid to、prefer to、need to等结构后的内容常省略，但是如果省略内容中有be动词或助动词have时，be或have要保留。
补全句子
①—Would you like to have dinner with me
—Yes, ________________.
②—You went out to play last night without finishing your homework. You ought to have finished it.
—I know I ________________.
③—What's the matter with John He looks down.
—Well, Uncle Li didn't allow him to go to the concert, but he still hopes ________________.
答案：①I would like to　②ought to have　③to
3. “so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示前者的情况同样适用于后者
教材原句：As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.(P8)随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
①“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所述的肯定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也一样”。
②“neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也不……”。
③“so it is with”或“it is the same with＋名词/代词宾格”表示前面的混合情况(肯定和否定的混合或没有统一的助动词)也适用于后者，意为“……也一样”。
④“so＋主语＋助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示对上述情况的赞同或证实，意为“……确实如此，……的确如此”。
单句语法填空/完成句子
①I will go to the park tomorrow morning, ____________ will he.
②Joe's wife won't go to the party tomorrow, ____________ will he.
③A fish needs water and without water it will die. It is the same ____________ a man.
④He's an honest worker and works hard. ________________________(你也一样).
⑤You say he works hard, ________________________(他的确如此，并且你也很努力).
答案：①so　②neither/nor　③with　④So it is with you或It is the same with you　⑤so he does and so do you
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. People's voting habits are influenced by political, social, and __________ (economy) factors.
2. You'd better give up using that kind of medicine, because it may be __________ (harm) to your stomach.
3. It's __________ (absolute) impossible to work with all this noise.
4. __________ (apply) forms and further particulars are available from the Personnel Office.
5. The article was about the different __________ (vary) of Spanish spoken in South America.
6. In time of war, lots of money will be spent on __________ and many measures will be taken __________ a country from being attacked.(defend)
7. That's without cutting the __________ (long) of students' vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.
8. As is reported, electronic waste also contain many __________ (poison) metals.
9. The __________ (disappear) of the ship, on a routine mission in 1925, has never been explained.
10. Devoted to teaching, __________, he earned his students' trust, which led to other positive __________.(consequence)
11. The world's supply of (agriculture) land is shrinking fast.
12. Students join a team through their schools, which provide a volunteer coach and pay a nominal fee to send students to __________ (region) and state competitions.
13. Global warming has posed a serious threat to the __________ (survive) of animals such as polar bears.
14. May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named __________ (official) by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
15. Even today, says the legend, the girls can be seen above the __________ (tower) rock as seven shining stars in the night sky.
16. __________ (recycle) also helps control environmental pollution by reducing the need for waste dumps.
17. Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention to __________ (globe) water issues.
18. The researchers asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from __________ (extinct).
19. The __________ (organize) works to relieve(缓解) world hunger and disease.
20. The famous __________ denied in his __________ report that it was the waste water from the chemical factory that polluted the underground water in this area.(chemical)
答案：1.economic　2.harmful　3.absolutely 4. Application　5.varieties　6.defence/defense; to defend　7.length　8.poisonous　9.disappearance 10. consequently; consequences　11.agricultural 12. regional　13.survival　14.officially　15.towering　16.Recycling　17.global　18.extinction　19.organization　20.chemist; chemistry
Ⅱ.短语填空
breathe life into, build up, due to, come up with, in turn, break down, get rid of, call for, spring to mind, give rise to
1. The printing machines are always __________________.
2. Integrity and honesty are words that __________________ when talking of the man.
3. Gavin ______________ the idea of dividing the rooms in half.
4. He has messed up enough of these occasions to ______________ some anxieties.
5. If you don't express your feelings, frustration and anger can ______________.
6. There has been very little response to our ______________ help.
7. We need some new people to ______________ this project.
8. Mistakes __________ carelessness may have serious consequences.
9. We need to ______________ the idea that we must be liked all the time in order to be worthwhile.
10. The bus driver asked the passengers to get on the bus ______________.
答案：1.breaking down　2.spring to mind　3.came up with　4.give rise to　5.build up　6.call for　7.breathe life into　8.due to　9.get rid of　10.in turn
Ⅲ.熟词生义
1. It functions as the hoverboard's brain. It processes data—your speed, tilt, etc.—and sends information to the motors.________________
2. Head Chef David Thompson opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.________________
答案：1.v.处理　2.n.分店
Ⅳ.话题语法填空
Most people suffer from 1.__________ is known as “Just me ism”. Maybe in your opinion, it doesn't matter if you leave the tap 2.__________ (run) while you brush your teeth or drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered 3.__________ (pick) it up.It wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world. But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves:“It doesn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, no one knows.” Millions of gallons of water would be wasted and millions of pieces of litter would be dropped, and all of this would be very 4.__________ (harm). To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots 5.__________ (establish) by Dr. Jane Goodall.The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people to help to build a future that is secure and live together 6.__________ peace with nature. The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around 7.__________ world, who can solve the problems, change the world and make it a 8.__________ (good) place to live in. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that:“Every individual 9.__________ (matter). Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a 10.__________ (differ). ”
答案：1.what　2.running　3.to pick　4.harmful　5.was established　6.in　7.the　8.better　9.matters　10.difference
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·湖南长沙)
In an era where policymakers neglect play's significance, its absence from national agendas highlights its overlooked status. Since 2008, the UK has lacked a unified play plan, with the Conservative Party (保守党) neglecting previous Labour efforts (unlike Scotland and Wales). Some non profit organizations are trying hard, yet their impact and resources are limited.
The sudden stop to a parliamentary report on children and the built environment, which was close to ending during the election calls, highlights the previous administration's disrespect for the issue. The Children's Minister, David Johnston, reinforced this neglect by refusing to provide evidence, signaling a broader lack of attention to children's well being.
Amid Labour's proposals to ease planning regulations to ensure that new developments meet children's needs, play should take on a more notable role. Even in educational settings, play could offer a healthy alternative to excessive screen time. Experts, including Professor Heler Dodd, stress that the scarcity of opportunities for unstructured and adventurous play contributes to rising anxiety among young people. The well documented connection between sedentary (惯于久坐不动的) lifestyles, poor diets, and unhealthy weights emphasizes the importance of addressing this issue immediately.
The Centre for Young Lives, founded by Anne Longfield, the former Children's Commissioner for England, has taken the initiative by launching a commission to advance this critical agenda. A suggested solution is to incorporate (使并入) play into Office for Standards in Education's inspection framework, although concerns arise about the potential for turning children's leisure activities into a game or assigning grades.
While play is a natural part of childhood, the new government must go beyond the assumption that children will naturally benefit from play without the guidance of strategic policies. Francis Al s's video artwork serves as a powerful reminder of the richness and value of play, emphasizing its potential to enrich lives and foster creativity.
Bridget Phillipson, the freshly appointed Education Minister, stands ready to back this vital cause. By acknowledging the urgency to restore play as a cornerstone of childhood, she can pave the way for a brighter, more energetic future for our youth. The moment to act is upon us, and the potential for success is high.
1. What's the main problem about play in the UK
A. The lack of non profit organizations' support.
B. The election of a new anti play government.
C. The neglect of the crucial role of play in national agendas.
D. The success of Scotland and Wales in applying play policies.
2. What is a contributing factor to rising anxiety among young people
A. Excessive screen time.
B. A lack of adventurous play.
C. Structured play opportunities.
D. A healthy lifestyle.
3. What's the main purpose of writing this article
A. To ease planning regulations to meet kids' needs.
B. To incorporate play into education to limit screen time.
C. To promote adventure activities for children.
D. To re emphasize the importance of play in childhood.　　　　　　　　　　
4. What's the tone of Bridget Phillipson in the last paragraph
A. Optimistic. B. Skeptical.
C. Indifferent. D. Neutral.
答案及解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了英国政府忽视儿童游戏的重要性，并呼吁将游戏作为童年的重要组成部分加以重视。
1. C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In an era where policymakers neglect play's significance, its absence from national agendas highlights its overlooked status.(在一个决策者忽视游戏重要性的时代，游戏在国家议程上的缺失凸显了其被忽视的地位。)”可知，游戏在英国面临的主要问题是它在国家议程中被忽视。故选C。
2. B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Experts, including Professor Heler Dodd, stress that the scarcity of opportunities for unstructured and adventurous play contributes to rising anxiety among young people.(包括Heler Dodd教授在内的专家强调，缺乏无结构的冒险游戏机会导致年轻人焦虑情绪上升。)”可知，年轻人焦虑增加的一个因素是缺乏冒险游戏。故选B。
3. D　文章意图题。根据文章的整体内容，特别是最后一段中的“By acknowledging the urgency to restore play as a cornerstone of childhood, she can pave the way for a brighter, more energetic future for our youth.(通过认识到恢复游戏作为童年基石的紧迫性，她可以为我们的青年开辟一个更加光明、更充满活力的未来。)”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是重新强调游戏在童年的重要性。故选D。
4. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Bridget Phillipson, the freshly appointed Education Minister, stands ready to back this vital cause.(新任命的教育部长Bridget Phillipson准备好了支持这一至关重要的事业。)”以及“The moment to act is upon us, and the potential for success is high.(行动的时刻到了，成功的潜力很高。)”可知，Bridget Phillipson的态度是乐观的。故选A。
“推理判断题之文章意图题”答题技能
第一步 判断文体： 广告类应用文常常通过介绍产品、服务、旅游景点、报纸杂志、影片、电视节目等达到推销产品或服务的目的(to advertise/encourage…)； 故事类记叙文的写作意图通常是娱乐读者或给读者教益(to entertain/educate…)； 议论文及评论类的文章，作者往往是要说服读者接受或赞同自己的观点(to argue/persuade/call for…)； 科普类、新闻报道类的文章，作者主要是想说明情况或阐明事理(to inform/stress/explain/introduce…)。
第二步 总结主旨：有些较难判断文体的文章，可以通过总结文章的主旨或归纳各段的主旨推断作者的写作意图。
名师点睛：主要考查考生对英语文本的整体感知或理解能力，做此类题的关键是要了解文章的体裁和题材，把握文章的主题思想。
Ⅱ.应用文赏析
(2025·湖南长沙)
你校将于下月举办以“团结就是力量(Unity Is Strength)”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 团结的重要性；
2. 提出建议；
3. 发出倡议。
【精选佳作】
根据中文补全语篇：
Unity Is Strength
As the saying goes, ①________________________________________(“众人拾柴火焰高。”). United, we can overcome any difficult problems and achieve remarkable accomplishments. Therefore, it's important for us to be united. Then how can we make it
First, be cooperative in your work and life and make contributions to the common goal, as no project can be completed by a single person. Second, communicate more to have a better understanding of others and lend them a hand when necessary. Third, ②_____________________
________________________________ (学会宽容，与他人和谐相处).
Let's be united and fight for a better tomorrow!
【句式点拨】
Second, communicate more to have a better understanding of others and lend them a hand when necessary.
翻译：③_____________________________________________________________
分析：句中and并列了两个④________句；when necessary是状语从句的省略，补充完整为⑤________________________。
【结构解析】
答案：①“Many hands make light work.”　②learn to be tolerant and live in harmony with others　③第二，更多地沟通以便更好地理解他人，并在必要时帮助他们。　④祈使　⑤when it is necessary　⑥重要性　⑦建议
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·山东济南)
As Rendall and his friend Bourke were searching for holiday gifts, they came across a lion cub (幼兽) for sale in a store in London. They bought it and named it Christian. It was a lovely animal, full of character. They looked after Christian for about a year, during which time an amazing bond formed between the two men and the lion. The three of them shared a flat over a furniture shop on London's King's Road, where cute and intelligent Christian quickly became a local celebrity, cruising (开车兜风) the streets in the back of a Bentley, popping for lunch at a local restaurant, and even posing for a fashion advertisement.
But soon, Christian outgrew Rendall's flat and soon even the church garden where he went for exercise wasn't large enough for him. They realized that their pet needed to be among other lions and deserved to live free in his natural environment. With their friends' help, Rendall and Bourke took Christian to Kenya and placed it under the expert care of “the father of lions” George Adamson, where the two would introduce Christian to the wild. Rendall and Bourke spent several months with Christian, helping him adapt to the new living environment, and then left unwillingly. A year later, they went back to Kenya, hoping to find the lion. When they finally found Christian, incredibly, Christian walked over slowly. Then suddenly he recognized them! He ran over and jumped up on them. They received a loving welcome from their lion, who was fit in with Africa and a life with other lions in the wild.
Rendall and Bourke's extraordinary reunion with Christian was filmed and is subject of a wonderful documentary and a book. The film of their reunion was found on a Japanese blog and posted on YouTube accompanied by I Will Always Love You, sung by Whitney Houston. The clip of the reunion was recently placed on YouTube and has received over 45 million hits.
1. What do we know about Christian in London
A. It was found in the wild by the two men.
B. It lived in a furniture shop on King's Road.
C. It developed a close relationship with two men.
D. It filmed an advertisement for a local restaurant.
2. Why was Christian sent to Kenya
A. It needed new friends and family.
B. George gave them advice to do so.
C. The wild was a good choice to live in.
D. Its friends wanted to explore the wild.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 2
A. Christian and its two friends missed each other.
B. Christian needed care from his friends all the life.
C. Christian and its friends didn't adapt to the new life.
D. Christian was scared before recognizing the two men.
4. Why does the writer mention the film clip and the book
A. To prove Christian was popular around the world.
B. To advertise the film and book about the reunion.
C. To show people were touched by the influential reunion.
D. To explain how to keep the record of the moving reunion.
答案及解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伦德尔和他的朋友伯克与一只狮子克里斯蒂安培养了亲密的关系，虽然克里斯蒂安最后被放回了野外，但是他们的重聚十分感人。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They looked after Christian for about a year, during which time an amazing bond formed between the two men and the lion.(他们照顾了克里斯蒂安大约一年，在这段时间里，这两个人和狮子之间形成了一种神奇的纽带。)”可知，在伦敦，克里斯蒂安和两个男人建立了亲密的关系。故选C。
2. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They realized that their pet needed to…where the two would introduce Christian to the wild.(他们意识到他们的宠物需要和其他狮子在一起，应该在自然环境中自由生活。在朋友们的帮助下，伦德尔和伯克把克里斯蒂安带到了肯尼亚，并把它交给‘狮子之父’乔治·亚当森悉心照料，两人将克里斯蒂安带到了野外。)”可知，克里斯蒂安被送往肯尼亚是因为野外对于它是一个很好的选择。故选C。
3. A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Rendall and Bourke spent several months with Christian…who was fit in with Africa and a life with other lions in the wild.(伦德尔和伯克花了几个月的时间陪伴克里斯蒂安，帮助它适应新的生活环境，然后不情愿地离开了。一年后，他们回到肯尼亚，希望能找到这只狮子。当他们终于找到克里斯蒂安时，令人难以置信的是，克里斯蒂安慢慢地走了过来。突然，它认出了他们！它跑过去，跳到了他们身上。他们受到了狮子的热情欢迎，这只狮子适应了非洲，也适应了与其他狮子在野外的生活。)”可推知，克里斯蒂安和它的两个朋友彼此想念。故选A。
4. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rendall and Bourke's extraordinary reunion…and has received over 45 million hits.(伦德尔和伯克与克里斯蒂安非同寻常的重逢被拍了下来，并成为一部精彩的纪录片和一本书的主题。他们重聚的视频出现在一个日本博客上，并在惠特妮·休斯顿演唱的《我会永远爱你》的伴奏下上传到YouTube上。这段重聚的视频最近被上传到YouTube上，点击量超过4 500万次。)”可推知，作者提到了电影片段和书是为了表明人们被这次有影响力的团聚所感动。故选C。
B
(2025·安徽池州)
In 1999, Giuliana Furci, founder and founding director of the Fungi (真菌) Foundation, developed a deep interest in fungi. They were everywhere, and the 20 year old took particular joy in the variety of mushrooms: small and button shaped; tall and umbrella like; round with red caps topped with white flakes. Some were commonly found in people's diets, for they were rich in nutrients such as vitamin, fiber, minerals and protein.
But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi went largely ignored in Chile, where there were few guidebooks and an almost total lack of policies and resources to protect them from over harvesting and other human activities. Determined to correct this, Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a non profit organization dedicated to fungi conservation. In her guide, special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.
“Life on the planet wouldn't exist without fungi,” said Greg Mueller, a mushroom conservation expert. “Because of their relationship with forests and trees, we can't survive without fungi. In terms of the health of the planet, they're incredibly important to humans and the overall ecosystem.” Fungi can break down plants and animals, thus cycling nutrients and increasing their availability in the soil. They are also important contributors to the soil carbon stock through the same process. What's more, fungi have been found to help degrade (降解) various pollutants, such as plastic. And mycelium (菌丝体), which is the root structure of mushrooms, is now being used to replace unsustainable materials, such as plastic and animal based products.
Because of these, exploration of fungi was expanded at a faster pace. However, some were already listed as critically endangered. In 2010, Furci took an even bigger step—with other environmental non profit organization, she put forward a proposal for the government to systematically assess how large new developments such as housing, dams, and highways affect fungi. In 2012, a law was passed and Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.
5. What can we learn about Furci from the first two paragraphs
A. She enjoyed collecting mushrooms.
B. She was fond of cooking mushrooms.
C. She worried about the situation of fungi.
D. She had a habit of writing field guidebooks.
6. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about
A. The life on the Earth without fungi.
B. The importance of fungi on the Earth.
C. The relations between trees and fungi.
D. The practical uses of fungi in the future.
7. How did Furci protect the ecosystem
A. By writing free instructions on plants.
B. By starting a non profit ecotourism company.
C. By raising awareness of the importance of fungi.
D. By passing laws to ban over harvesting mushrooms.
8. Which of the following best describes Furci's work
A. Ground breaking. B. Debatable.
C. Romantic. D. Unmatched.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Furci意识到真菌对地球上生命的重要性后通过写指南、成立基金会等方式来呼吁人们关注并保护真菌。她和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过了一项保护真菌的法律。
5. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi…from over harvesting and other human activities. (但Furci也很快意识到，这些真菌在智利基本上被忽视了，那里几乎没有指南，几乎完全缺乏政策和资源来保护它们免受过度采集和其他人类活动的影响。)”可知，Furci担心真菌的现状。故选C。
6. B　段落大意题。根据本段第一句“‘Life on the planet wouldn't exist without fungi,’ said Greg Mueller, a mushroom conservation expert. (‘如果没有真菌，地球上的生命就不会存在，’蘑菇保护专家Greg Mueller说。)”并结合本段其他内容可知，本段主要介绍了真菌对地球上生命的重要性。故选B。
7. C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Determined to correct this, Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a non profit organization dedicated to fungi conservation. In her guide, special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.(为了纠正这一点，Furci写了一本野外指南，并成立了真菌基金会——一个致力于真菌保护的非营利组织。在她的指南中，特别关注了真菌在生态系统中的作用。)”可知，为了保护真菌，Furci写了指南并成立了真菌基金会。由此推知，Furci通过提高人们对真菌重要性的认识来保护真菌。故选C。
8. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In 2010, Furci took an even bigger step…Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.(2010年，Furci与其他环保非营利组织一起迈出了更大的一步，她向政府提出了一项建议，要求政府系统评估住房、水坝和高速公路等大型新开发项目对真菌的影响。2012年，智利通过了一项法律，成为世界上第一个以法律保护真菌的国家。)”可知，Furci和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过一项保护真菌的法律。由此推知，Furci的工作是有开拓性的。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·广东珠海)
After a dolphin was found swimming alone in a creek in Florida, marine biologists formed a human chain to save it.
Dolphins typically travel in __1__ called a “school”, although solitary(独自的) dolphins are becoming more common. This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures, so if they are __2__, they may turn their attention to human interaction. This in turn can be __3__, both for dolphins and humans.
Dolphins can become __4__ rather than feed on their own. __5__, dolphins that are used to human contact spend more time in shallow waters, which can __6__ boat crashes. Meanwhile, humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves __7__.
After __8__ that the dolphin had been alone in the creek for a few days, and was near a residential area with __9__ for human disturbance, NOAA Fisheries Service decided to __10__. Twenty eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain, creating a barrier that could __11__ the dolphin out of the creek.
Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said，“The __12__ was to just be a barrier that was novel to the animal. We wanted to create a physical barrier as well as a barrier of hearing, so we had somebody behind us that was __13__ a boat, revving(使快速运转) its engine and then we were splashing(泼) water and moving forward towards the animal, so we were giving the animal the __14__ to swim through the bridge on its own.”
The __15__ was successful, with the dolphin making its way out of the creek.　　　　　　　　　
1. A.series B. lines
C. groups D. sessions
2. A.separated B. discovered
C. defended D. distinguished
3. A.rewarding B. dangerous
C. attractive D. annoying
4. A.sensitive B. hesitant
C. dependent D. exceptional
5. A.Strangely B. Initially
C. Fortunately D. Additionally
6. A.turn on B. lead to
C. take in D. knock at7.A.injured B. addicted
C. refreshed D. dismissed
8. A.declaring B. explaining
C. admitting D. realizing
9. A.concern B. purpose
C. potential D. desire
10. A.withdraw B. act
C. search D. attack
11. A.confirm B. restrict
C. keep D. guide
12. A.risk B. advantage
C. goal D. path
13. A.lifting B. repairing
C. checking D. striking
14. A.courage B. option
C. right D. skill
15. A.rescue B. experiment
C. competition D. training
答案及解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了数十名野生动物保护组织的人员在水中组成“人链”，营救误入浅水区滞留多日的海豚。
1. C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：海豚通常是成群结队的，被称为“豚群”，但独行的海豚正变得越来越普遍。A.series系列；B.lines线条；C.groups群，组；D.sessions会议。根据后文“called a ‘school’ ”可知，海豚通常是成群出现的。故选C。
2. A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能是引起人们担忧的一个原因，因为海豚天生是社交动物，所以如果它们被分开，它们可能会把注意力转向与人类的互动。A.separated分开；B.discovered发现；C.defended捍卫；D.distinguished区别。根据前文“dolphins are naturally sociable creatures”和“solitary dolphins”可知，海豚天生是群居动物，如果被分开的话，可能会把注意力转向与人类的互动。故选A。
3. B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这反过来对海豚和人类都是危险的。A.rewarding有益的；B.dangerous危险的；C.attractive有吸引力的；D.annoying令人恼火的。根据后文“which can __6__ boat crashes”及“humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves __7__ ”可知，海豚接近人类对双方都是危险的。故选B。
4. C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海豚会变得依赖他人，而不是自己觅食。A.sensitive敏感的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.dependent依赖的；D.exceptional杰出的。根据后文“rather than feed on their own”可知，海豚会变得有依赖性。故选C。
5. D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，习惯与人类接触的海豚在浅水区待的时间更多，这可能导致船只碰撞。A.Strangely奇怪地；B.Initially最初；C.Fortunately幸运地；D.Additionally另外。根据前文“Dolphins can become __4__ ”及后文“which can __6__ boat crashes”可知，前后是并列递进关系，进一步描述海豚在浅水区的危害。故选D。
6. B　考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.turn on打开；B.lead to导致；C.take in吸收；D.knock at敲门。根据后文“boat crashes”可知，海豚在浅水区待的时间更多，这可能导致船只碰撞。故选B。
7. A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，离海豚太近的人可能会受伤。A.injured受伤的；B.addicted上瘾的；C.refreshed恢复精神的；D.dismissed解散的。根据前文“This in turn can be __3__, both for dolphins and humans.”可知，离海豚太近会有危险。故选A。
8. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在意识到这只海豚已经独自在小湾里待了几天，并且靠近有人类干扰的居民区后，美国国家海洋和大气管理局渔业局决定采取行动。A.declaring宣布；B.explaining解释；C.admitting承认；D.realizing意识到。根据后文“that the dolphin had been alone in the creek”可知，有关部门意识到了这件事。故选D。
9. A　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.concern关心，忧虑；B.purpose目的；C.potential潜能；D.desire欲望。根据后文“human disturbance”可知，有关部门担忧人类活动会影响海豚。故选A。
10. B　考查动词词义辨析。句意见第9题解析。A.withdraw撤退；B.act行动；C.search寻找；D.attack攻击。根据后文“Twenty eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain”可知，有关部门决定采取行动营救海豚。故选B。
11. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自克利尔沃特海洋水族馆、美国国家海洋和大气管理局和全球捕鲸委员会的28名生物学家聚集在一起，组成了一条人链，创造了一道屏障，可以引导海豚离开小湾。A.confirm确认；B.restrict限制；C.keep保持；D.guide指导。根据后文“the dolphin out of the creek”可知，生物学家们组成人链，引导海豚离开小湾。故选D。
12. C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：救援生物学家布列塔尼·巴尔德里卡说：“我们的目标只是成为该海豚的新屏障。”A.risk风险；B.advantage优势；C.goal目标；D.path路径。根据后文“we wanted to create a physical barrier as well as a barrier of hearing”可知，生物学家们组成人链的目的是创造了一道屏障，引导海豚向正确的方向移动。故选C。
13. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们想要创造一道物理屏障和听觉屏障，所以我们让身后的人击打一艘船只，加速引擎，溅起水花，朝着动物前进，让它可以选择自己游过桥。A.lifting举起；B.repairing修理；C.checking检查；D.striking击打。根据前文“a barrier of hearing”可知，生物学家们击打船只来形成听觉屏障，迫使海豚前进。故选D。
14. B　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.courage勇气；B.option选择；C.right权利；D.skill技能。根据后文“to swim through the bridge on its own”可知，专家们这样做，是给了海豚可以自己游过桥的选择。故选B。
15. A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：营救很成功，海豚游出了小湾。A.rescue营救；B.experiment实验；C.competition比赛；D.training训练。根据前文“NOAA Fisheries Service decided to”和后文“with the dolphin making its way out of the creek”可知，营救成功了。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·浙江温州)
A seed bank stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity; hence it is a type of gene bank. Many people may wonder 1.__________ the seeds are stored. One of the major reasons is to preserve the genes that plant growers need to increase yield (产量), disease resistance, drought tolerance, nutritional quality, and the taste of crops. Another is to prevent 2.__________ (lose) of genetic diversity in rare or endangered plant species in 3.__________ effort to conserve biodiversity. Many plants 4.__________ (grow) centuries ago by humans are used less frequently now; seed banks offer a way to preserve that historical and cultural value. Collections of seeds stored 5.__________ constant low temperature and low water level are guarded against reduction of genetic resources which are otherwise maintained in field collections. These alternative “living” collections can 6.__________ (damage) by natural disasters, outbreaks of disease, 7.__________ war. Containing valuable information about evolved strategies to reduce plant stress, seed banks are considered seed 8.__________ (library), and can help to create genetically modified (调整过的) versions of 9.__________ (exist) seeds. The work of seed banks often span decades and even centuries. Most seed banks are 10.__________ (public) funded and seeds are usually available for research that benefits the public.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“种子银行”。
1. why　考查名词性从句。句意：许多人可能想知道为什么要储存种子。“1.__________ the seeds are stored”在句中作动词wonder的宾语从句，设空处在从句中作状语，根据句意可知此处应使用why引导名词性从句，表示“为什么，……的原因”。故填why。
2. loss　考查名词。句意：另一个原因是防止稀有或濒危植物物种的遗传多样性丧失，努力保护生物多样性。设空处在句中作动词prevent的宾语，应填动词lose的名词loss。故填loss。
3. an　考查冠词。句意同上。effort“艰难的尝试，试图，尽力”为可数名词，此处表泛指，应填不定冠词；固定短语in an effort to do sth.，意为“为了达到……目标，为了……”，空后effort以元音音素开头，设空处应填不定冠词an。故填an。
4. grown　考查非谓语动词。句意：人类在几个世纪前种植的许多植物现在使用的频率较低；种子“银行”提供了一种保护历史和文化价值的方法。 “4.__________ (grow) centuries ago by humans”作后置定语修饰名词短语Many plants，Many plants与动词grow构成逻辑上的被动关系，结合空后的“centuries ago by humans”可知设空处应填grow的过去分词表被动。故填grown。
5. at　考查介词。句意：在恒定的低温和低水位条件下保存的种子可以防止遗传资源的减少，而这些遗传资源是在田间收集中保存的。句中指“在恒定的低温低水位状态下保存”，“在……温度/水位”用介词at与temperature和water level进行搭配。故填at。
6. be damaged　考查动词的语态。句意：这些可供选择的“活”收藏品可能会因自然灾害、疾病暴发或战争而受损。设空处在句中与can构成谓语，主语These alternative “living” collections与动词damage之间为被动关系，由情态动词can可知设空处应填be done构成被动语态。故填be damaged。
7. or　考查连词。句意同上。句中natural disasters, outbreaks of disease与war之间为并列关系，设空处应填连词连接三种可能的情况，连词or“或者”符合句意。故填or。
8. libraries　考查可数名词复数。句意：种子“银行”包含了减少植物压力的进化策略的宝贵信息，被认为是种子库，可以帮助创造现有种子的转基因版本。library为可数名词，根据句中的“seed banks”可知此处应填library的复数形式。故填libraries。
9. existing　考查形容词。句意同上。设空处在句中作定语修饰名词seeds，形容词existing“现存的”符合句意。故填existing。
10. publicly　考查副词。句意：大多数种子“银行”是公共资助的，种子通常用于造福公众的研究。设空处修饰谓语动词are funded，应填public的副词publicly。故填publicly。
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