【高考突破方案】英语必修一U3听课手册-高考一轮总复习 （教师版） 译林版

Unit 3　Getting along with others
Ⅰ.话题单词
embarrass v. 使窘迫　　　　　ignore v. 不理睬，忽视　　 cheat v. 欺骗；作弊 accompany v. 陪同，陪伴 cooperate v. 合作，协作 lonely adj. 孤独的 alone adj. 单独；独自 friendly adj. 友好的 unfriendly adj. 不友好的 colleague n. 同事 fellow n. 同伴，伙伴 companion n. 同伴，伴侣 partner n. 搭档；合伙人 roommate n. 室友，舍友 brotherhood n. 兄弟般的关系 acquaintance n. 熟人，认识的人 neighbour/neighbor n. 邻居；邻国 cooperation n. 合作 conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 teamwork n. 协同工作 promise n. & v. 允诺 envy n. & v. 妒忌，羡慕 debate n. & v. 讨论，辩论 chat n. & v. 聊天，闲聊
Ⅱ.话题词块
tell a lie撒谎　　　　　　　keep calm保持冷静　　　　　 put up with容忍，忍受 be loyal to对……忠诚 quarrel with sb.与某人吵架 break up 绝交；解散；结束 be popular with受……的欢迎　　　　　　　 do sb. a favour帮某人一个忙 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 have a lot in common有许多共同点 make friends with sb.和某人交朋友 believe in/trust each other彼此信任 be ready/willing to help others乐于助人 keep/break one's promise/word遵守/违背诺言 have an effect/influence/impact on对……有影响 keep/stay in touch with sb.与某人保持联系 keep a good relationship with sb.与某人保持良好关系 be rude/kind/friendly to sb.对某人无礼/和蔼可亲/友好 exchange ideas/emotions/information交流思想/情感/信息 promote/strengthen/treasure friendship增进/巩固/珍惜友谊 with one's help/encouragement/support在某人的帮助/鼓励/支持下
Ⅲ.话题句式
1. You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.
你(们)如此善良、体贴，我们希望无论你(们)身在何处，都能成为你(们)的朋友。
2. I sincerely hope that we may exchange with each other more to develop our friendship.
我真诚地希望我们彼此之间可以多交流，以增进我们的友谊。
3. Never will I forget you and your kindness.
我永远不会忘记你和你的好意。
4. In a word, a friend in need is a friend indeed. May all of us treasure friendship.
总之，患难见真情。愿我们所有人都珍视友谊。
Ⅳ.语法填空
(一)
Friendship on the rocks: please advise!
Amy and Jenny have been close for eight years 1.__________ primary school. Whether they are walking to school, doing homework 2.__________ just hanging out at the weekend, they are hardly out of each other's sight.But things changed last Saturday. Their 3.__________ (origin) plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon.But in the morning, Jenny posted a message on social media 4.__________ (say) she had a cold. Amy told her 5.__________ (have) a rest. However, instead of recovering at home, she was out having fun with someone else. Hearing this, Amy was annoyed. As she was at a 6.__________ (lose) what to do next, she 7.__________ (seek) advice from a forum online. From Cindy's viewpoint, this friendship is worth saving: eight years is a long time! Amy should find 8.__________ opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her friend. 9.__________ David's opinion, it was wise of Amy to rethink and even let go of the friendship if she 10.__________ (trick).
答案：1.since　2.or　3.original　4.saying 5. to have　6.loss　7.sought　8.an　9.In　10.had been tricked
(二)
Of Friendship
When we seek 1.__________ (be) alone, we must be careful that we don't escape into our own world. Social life is also of importance to us. 2.__________ (general) speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”. The first fruit is the peace 3.__________ comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure. With true friends, we feel free to share whatever we have experienced 4.__________ full measure. The second one is the better understanding and 5.__________ (judge) that may be achieved by 6.__________ (communicate) with true friends. As a result, we often find 7.__________ easier to deal with a problem with our friends' help. The 8.__________ (three) fruit of friendship is the help a friend may offer in many different 9.__________ (way). Finally, keep it in mind that friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully 10.__________ (develop).
答案：1.to be　2.Generally　3.that/which 4. in　5.judgement/judgment　6.communicating
7. it　8.third　9.ways　10.developed
Ⅰ.词族关联(根据汉语和词性写出单词)
1. __________ adj. 起初的；独创的；原作的→__________ adv. 起初，原来→__________ n. 起源，起因；出身→__________ v. 起源；创立
2. __________ adj. 令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的→__________ adv. 可怕地→__________ n. 震惊，恐惧；恐怖电影(或故事等)
3. __________ vi. 恢复健康；恢复常态 vt. 全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制→__________ n. 恢复；复苏；复得
4. __________ n. 失去，丧失；亏损；去世；损失→__________ v. 失去，丧失；遗失；输掉
5. __________ vt. & vi. 评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员→__________ n. 评价；判断力；判决
6. __________ vi. 道歉，谢罪→__________ n. 道歉，谢罪
7. __________ n. 行为，举止，态度→__________ v. 表现得体，有礼貌
8. __________ adv. 肯定，确实；确切地→__________ adj. 肯定的，确定的；有把握→__________ vt. 定义；使明确；规定→__________ n. 定义；释义，解释
9. __________ vt. 忽视，对……不予理会→__________ adj. 无知的，愚昧的→__________ n. 无知
10. __________ vi. 受苦，受折磨；变差 vt. 遭受，蒙受→__________ n. 痛苦，苦难；苦恼
11. __________ vt. & vi. 误解，误会→__________ n. 误解，误会→__________ vt. & vi. 明白，理解；领会→__________ n. 明白，了解；体谅
12. __________ vi. (愤怒等感情)爆发，迸发；爆炸 vt. 使爆炸→__________ n. 爆炸
13. __________ adj. 宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的→__________ n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量
14. __________ vt. 尊重，尊敬 n. 尊重，敬意；重视；方面→__________ adj. 受尊重的；受敬重的→__________ adj. 值得尊敬的，体面的；相当好的→__________ adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的→__________ adv. 恭敬地→__________ adj. 各自的，分别的→__________ adv. 各自，分别；依次为
15. __________ adj. 效率高的，有功效的→__________ adv. 效率高地，有效地→__________ n. 效率，功效；〈物〉功率
16. __________ n. 沉思；反射；映像；反映 →__________ vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等); 沉思
17. __________ n. 优势，益处，成效 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于 →__________ adj. 有益的，有用的
18. __________ vt. 宽慰，抚慰 n. 舒服；安慰→__________ adj. 舒适的；自在的→__________ adv. 舒适地 →__________ adj. 使人不舒服的 →__________ adv.不舒服地→__________ n. 不舒服；不安
19. __________ n. 高兴，愉快；令人高兴的人(或事)，乐趣→__________ adj. 高兴的，令人愉快的
20. __________ n. 失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障→__________ v. 失败；未做；出故障；倒闭；不及格
21. __________ vt. 承认，意识到；认出，辨别出→__________ n. 承认，认可；认识，识别，认出；赏识，赞誉
22. __________ n. 死，死亡；死亡状态→__________ v. 死→__________ adj. 死的→__________ adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的
23. __________ n. 陪伴，作伴；公司→__________ n. 伙伴；伴侣
24. __________ n. 一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt. 挤满，使拥挤 vi. 聚集；挤，涌→__________ adj. 拥挤的；充满的
25. __________ n. 诗人→__________ n. 诗集，诗歌→__________ n. 诗，韵文
26. __________ vt. 钦佩；欣赏→__________ adj. 可钦佩的，值得赞赏的→____________ n. 钦佩，欣赏
答案：1.original; originally; origin; originate　2.horrible; horribly; horror　3.recover; recovery 4. loss; lose　5.judge; judgement/judgment　6.apologize/apologise; apology　7.behaviour/behavior; behave　8.definitely; definite; define; definition　9.ignore; ignorant; ignorance　10.suffer; suffering　11.misunderstand; misunderstanding; understand; understanding　12.explode; explosion　13.generous; generosity　14.respect; respected; respectable; respectful; respectfully; respective; respectively　15.efficient; efficiently; efficiency　16.reflection; reflect　17.benefit; beneficial　fort; comfortable; comfortably; uncomfortable; uncomfortably; discomfort　19.joy; joyful　20.failure; fail　21.recognize/recognise; recognition　22.death; die; dead; deadly pany; companion　24.crowd; crowded　25.poet; poetry; poem　26.admire; admirable; admiration
Ⅱ.词块构建(根据汉语意思，每空格中填入一个单词)
1. __________ the rocks (关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃
2. out of one's __________ 脱离某人的视线
3. __________ media 社交媒体
4. make __________ 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
5. at a __________ 不知所措，困惑
6. __________ the wrong 有错，应承担责任
7. be worth __________ sth. 值得做某事
8. in any __________ 无论如何，不管怎样
9. let go __________ 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开
10. count __________ 依赖，依靠，指望
__________ on/upon 依赖，依靠；取决于
__________ on/upon 依赖，依靠
11. eat away __________ 腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏
12. __________ between…and… 损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍
13. __________ person 亲自，亲身
14. __________ thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦
__________ happiness and sorrow with sb. 与某人同甘共苦
15. __________ over 克服；恢复常态
16. __________ out 使显现，使表现出
17. __________ out 消除(问题)，克服(困难)
18. be __________ to do sth. 注定要做某事，应做某事
19. take __________ 呈现，具有(特征，外观等)
20. take __________ 占用(时间、空间)
21. escape __________ 逃进
22. in full __________ 最大程度地，最大限度地
23. __________ out 指出
24. __________ one's opinion 在某人看来　　
答案：1.on　2.sight　3.social　4.it　5.loss　6.in　7.doing　8.case　9.of　10.on/upon; depend; rely　11.at　12.come　13.in　14.through; share　15.get　16.bring　17.smooth　18. meant　19.on　20.up　21.into　22.measure　23.point　24.in
Ⅲ.佳句背诵
1. ____________________________________, doing homework ____________________ at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight.(P30)不论我们是步行去上学，做作业，还是周末出去玩，我们俩几乎没有离开彼此的视线。
仿写：不论你年老还是年轻，都要遵守国家法律。
________________________________, you shall obey national laws.
2. However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, ____________________ your relationship.(P31)然而，如果你的朋友忽视你的感受或者让你痛苦，那就要重新考虑你们的关系了。
仿写：现在是当面解决这个问题的时候了。
____________________ this problem face to face.
3. ____________________________, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement. (P39)当走在“人生的道路”上时，我们有时希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我提升。
仿写：当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
____________________________, tears ran down her cheeks.
4. We often ____________________________ other people's weaknesses than our own.(P39)我们经常发现，比起承认自己的弱点，我们更容易认识到别人的弱点。
仿写：我发现要让我自己定期出门锻炼真的很难。
I ____________________________ myself out and exercise regularly.
答案：1.Whether we're walking to school；or just hanging out；Whether you are old or young　2.it's time to rethink；It's time to settle　3.As we walk the “path of life”； As my mother sang those old songs　4.find it easier to recognize; find it really hard to drag
1. sight n. 视野；视力；看见
教材原句：Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight.(P30)不论我们是步行去上学，做作业，还是周末出去玩，我们俩几乎没有离开彼此的视线。
out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线
out of sight 在视野外；看不见
in/within sight 在视野内；可能即将发生，在望
at first sight 乍一看，初看时
at the sight of… 一看见……
catch sight of 看到；瞥见
lose sight of 看不见；忽略，忘记
come into sight 出现
disappear from sight 消失不见
sightseeing n. 观光
eyesight n. 视力
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Suddenly he caught sight ____________ her small black velvet hat in the crowd.
②Cao Shengkang ______________ (失去了他的视力) at the age of eight in a car accident.(2022·全国甲卷)
③Every time I ____________________ (看到我自己) in the mirror, I feel so confident.
④An agreement on many aspects of trade policy ____________________ (即将达成).
⑤I think a point that many people ____________________ (忽略) is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule.(2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷·浙江)
⑥For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side. Then she flew quickly ____________ (看不见了). (2023·全国新课标Ⅰ卷·浙江)
答案：①of　②lost his eyesight　③catch sight of myself　④is in/within sight　⑤lose sight of ⑥out of sight
2. judge vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员
教材原句：Don't be so quick to judge your friend.(P31)不要这么快评价你的朋友。
judge…from/by… 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断；依我看
judging by/from… 从……来看；根据……来判断(用在句首时作为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响)
judgement/judgment n. 判断力；意见；评价；判决
单句语法填空/完成句子
①They will communicate with the (judge) only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents.
②____________ (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.
③Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you ____________ what you wear.
④依我看，阅读和写作课程适合你，因为你打算阅读书面文本并分享你的想法。
______________________, the Reading and Writing courses are fit for you, because you intend to read written texts and share your thoughts.(应用文写作之建议信)
答案：①judges　②Judging　③from/by　④As far as I can judge
3. apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪
教材原句： Perhaps she knows she's in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour. (P31)或许她知道自己错了，想道歉，又或许她可以简单地解释自己的行为。
apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
apology n. 道歉
offer an apology 主动道歉
make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事向某人道歉
owe sb. an apology＝owe an apology to sb. 欠某人一个道歉
a letter of apology 一封道歉信
apologetic adj.道歉的，谢罪的
单句语法填空/一句多译
①We apologize ____________ the delay and regret any inconvenience it may have caused.
②You must apologize ______________ her ____________ having kept her waiting.
③He offered a sincere __________ (apologize) for his behaviour.
④I flashed him an ____________ (apology) smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
⑤我必须为我昨晚的粗鲁行为向他道歉。
I must ________________________ my rudeness last night.(apology)
＝I must ________________________ my rudeness last night.(apologize)
答案：①for　②to; for　③apology　④apologetic　⑤make an apology to him for; apologize to him for
4. respect vt. 尊重，尊敬 n. 尊重，敬意；重视；方面
教材原句：I must respect and support the choices he makes.(P37)我必须尊重和支持他的选择。
show/have respect for 尊重
win/gain/earn respect (of sb.) 赢得(某人的)尊重
give/pay/send one's respects to sb. 向某人问候
with (all due) respect 恕我直言
with respect to sth. 关于；就……而言
in this/that/all/every respect 在这/那/各个/每个方面
in respect of＝with respect to 关于，就……而言
respectful adj. 恭敬的，有礼貌的
respectfully adv. 恭敬地，毕恭毕敬地
respective adj. 各自的，分别的
respectively adv. 各自地，分别地
respected adj. 受尊重的
respectable adj. 可敬的；品行端正的；可观的，相当大的；体面的
单句语法填空/完成句子
①You must show respect ____________ the feeling of others.
②The two groups were similar with respect ____________ income and status.
③They make me feel valued and __________ (respect), no matter my level of artistic ability.(2023·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)
④Put a tie on—________________________ (这样你会显得更体面). (应用文写作之建议信)
⑤To be honest, this plan is perfect ____________________ (在每个方面).
答案：①for　②to　③respected　④it'll make you look more respectable　⑤in every respect
5. seek (sought, sought) vi. 试图；寻找；争取 vt. 寻求；寻找
教材原句：However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.(P39)然而，当我们试图独处的时候，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。
seek to do sth. 试图做某事(＝try to do sth.)
seek for/after sb./sth. 寻找某人/寻求某物
seek sth. from sb. 向某人寻求某物
seek one's fortune 外出闯荡；寻找发财的机会
seek advice/help from sb. 征求某人的意见/寻求某人的帮助
seek out 挑选出，物色
hide and seek 捉迷藏
seeker n. 寻求者
单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is scientists' duty to seek ____________ the truth.
②Besides, businesses seek ____________ (appeal) to customers' senses.
③I believe we can seek ____________ a suitable person for this position from the candidates.
④You should ________________________ (征求你的律师的意见) on this matter.
⑤Coles came to the Yukon in the 1960s ________________________ (寻找发财的机会).
答案：①for/after　②to appeal　③out　④seek advice from your lawyer　⑤to seek his fortune
6. benefit n. 优势，益处，成效 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于
教材原句：As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. (P39)由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊带来的很多好处。
be of benefit to 对……有益
to one's benefit 对某人有利
for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益；为了帮助某人
have the benefit of 有……的优势；得益于
benefit sb. 对某人有益
benefit from/by sth. 从……受益
beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的
be beneficial to 对……有益
单句语法填空/一句多译
①Enough sleep, fresh air and good food are __________ (benefit) to health.
②I have typed out some lecture notes ______ the benefit of those people who were absent last week.
③However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra to benefit __________ price reductions doesn't make sense.(2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷·浙江)
④锻炼对我们的健康非常有益。
________________________________________________________ (good adj.)
＝________________________________________________________ (beneficial adj.)
＝________________________________________________________ (benefit n. )
＝________________________________________________________ (benefit vi.)
＝________________________________________________________ (benefit vt.)
答案：①beneficial　②for　③from/by　④Exercise is very good for our health.; Exercise is more than beneficial to our health.; Working out is of great benefit to our health.; Our health benefits a lot from working out.; Exercise benefits our health very much.
1. make it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
教材原句：When I called her, she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema. (P30)当我打电话给她时，她说她可能去不了电影院了。
believe it or not 信不信由你
as it is 实际情况是；照原样子
it is up to sb. 由某人决定，取决于某人
take it from sb. 相信某人的话
worth it 有好处，值得做
Don't mention it.别提了。/不用谢。
That's it.搞定。/完全正确。/就是这样。
Take it or leave it. 要么接受，要么放弃。
Take it/things easy. 不要慌。/别担心。/沉住气。
It/That all depends. 那得看情况。
写出下列句中画线部分的含义
①I'm sorry I won't be able to make it to the party on Saturday.______________
②The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we'll never make it.______________
③He never really made it as an actor.______________
答案：①能够出席　②准时到达　③获得成功
2. in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
教材原句：In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.(P31)无论如何，找个机会和她深入、坦诚地谈一谈。
in case 以防
in case of 如果，假使
in no case 决不 (位于句首时句子要部分倒装)
in some/most cases 在某些情况/大多数情况下
in this/that case 既然这样/那样
as is often the case (with…) (对……而言)这是常有的事情
单句语法填空/完成句子
①____________ is often the case, teenagers are fond of playing online games.
②In case ____________ an accident, one should give the injured person first aid at once.
③In no case ________________________ (我们不能违背自然法则)or we'll meet endless suffering.
④You may think of giving up studying. ________________ (这样的话), just think it over before making a decision.
⑤______________________________ (你们有没有过这样的情况) someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick
答案：①As　②of　③can we go against the law of nature　④In this case　⑤Have you ever had a case where
1. whether…or… 引导的让步状语从句
教材原句：Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight. (P30)不论我们是步行去上学，做作业，还是周末出去玩，我们俩几乎没有离开彼此的视线。
①whether…or…引导让步状语从句，表示“不论……还是……”。
②whether…or not… 无论……是否……
③引导让步状语从句的连词(词组)：although、though、as、while、even if、even though、疑问词＋ever、no matter＋疑问词
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He suggested I think about the difference between endings that satisfied the story even ____________ they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome.(2024·全国甲卷)
②Is comprehension the same ____________ a person reads a text onscreen or on paper (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
③Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, __________ just enjoying the park's amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family.(2023·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)
④It's not a case of ____________________________________ (会不会有人注意到).
⑤____________________ (无论他去哪里), he always goes to visit the local beauty spots and places of historical interest.
答案：①if/though　②whether　③or　④whether anyone would notice or not　⑤Wherever he goes或No matter where he goes
2. as引导的时间状语从句
教材原句：As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement. (P39)当走在“人生的道路”上时，我们有时希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我提升。
[词语辨析]
as表示“当……时；随着”，侧重指从句与主句的动作同时进行，谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.(2024·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)随着我们很快从AI by Design中学习，人工智能已经是超级智能的，并且将变得更加强大，从当前一代的“窄域人工智能”转向通用人工智能。
when表示“当……时”，所引导的从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词；谓语动词的动作可以与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，也可以是之前或之后发生。
Jack, how did you get to school when you were in primary school (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)杰克，你上小学的时候怎么去上学
while表示“当……时；和……同时”，所引导的从句中的谓语动词应为延续性动词，不用短暂性动词，谓语动作发生的时间通常与主句谓语动词动作发生时间相同。
He discovered that he could earn some money while doing something he really enjoyed.他发现，他可以在做一些他真正喜欢的事情的同时赚一些钱。
状语从句中可省略与主句相同的“主语＋be动词”，还可省略“it＋be动词”。
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago ______________ he suffered from terrible back pain. (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
②______________ I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
③______________ I was a teenager, a neighbourhood friend won a marathon race.(2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
④______________ time went by, he gradually recovered from the illness.
⑤And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word __________________________________ (当涉及相同的材料时) (2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
答案：①when/as　②When/As/While　③When/As　④As　⑤when covering the same material
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. You owe him an __________ (apologize). You shouldn't have shut the door behind him.It's not his fault at all.
2. They __________ (original) planned to go there by bus, but later they took a taxi instead.
3. Owen failed to be admitted into his ideal university, which was __________ (definite) a big blow to his confidence.
4. By hard work they made up for the __________ (lose) of time.
5. Attention should be given to ______________ (recover) and reuse of chemicals.
6. It is __________ (horrible) stressful to do something you know you're not good at.
7. Stephen treated the poor with __________ (generous) and thoughtfulness.
8. I carried the small lantern and walked around the river.The light __________ in the river. The __________ looked so beautiful.(reflect)
9. I think it's time we __________ (seek) new ways of expanding our membership.
10. Mark Twain __________ (recognize) as one of the famous writers in the world.
11. __________ (understand) arising from the lack of communication, unless handled properly, may lead to serious problems.
12. He opened the door in __________ (respond) to a knock.
13. Everyone knows the benefit of learning English and if you learn it well, it will be __________ to your future career.It is reported that many graduates have __________ from having a good command of English.(benefit)
14. The expert requests teenagers to focus on what they are doing and be responsible for their __________ (behave).
15. World WarⅡ is one of the ____________ (dead) human conflicts of all time.
16. At school, he __________ learning about English culture, making himself __________ of the customs in Britain. However, he wasn't aware of his __________. (ignore)
17. Let's sing some songs to celebrate this __________ (joy) occasion.
18. Ryan is really an ______________ (admire) contemporary scholar, for his one invention includes so many scientific theorems(定理).
19. In my __________, he was an honest man. But in fact, he was arrested for fraud. In the court, the judge warned us not __________ a man by his look.(judge)
20. People who appreciate others' efforts are more likely to be regarded as ____________ (respect) people.
答案：1.apology　2.originally　3.definitely 4. loss　5.recovery　6.horribly　7.generosity　8.was reflected; reflection　9.sought/should seek　10.is recognized　11.Misunderstanding　12.response　13.beneficial; benefited　14.behaviour/behavior　15.deadliest　16.ignored; ignorant; ignorance　17.joyful　18.admirable　19.judgement/judgment; to judge　20.respectable
Ⅱ.短语填空
let go of, in the wrong, at a loss, on the rocks, out of one's sight, be meant to, make it, in any case, smooth out, get over
1. The couple quarrel with each other so often that their marriage is now ________________.
2. It is a big challenge for her to ______________ her shyness.
3. It's no use focusing on the past mistakes all the time. It's time that we should ______________ the past.
4. I waved my hands until the train was ________________.
5. The advertisement ________________ raise the public awareness of environmental protection.
6. After looking into the serious traffic accident carefully, the police was sure that the car driver was ________________.
7. Obviously, I'd be disappointed if we don't ________________, but it wouldn't be the end of the world.
8. ________________, he will respond to emails that he receives immediately.
9. Justin, shocked at the news of the terrible accident concerned with his wife, was ________________ for words.
10. We will do everything we can to __________ the delays that inevitably(不可避免地) occur.
答案：1.on the rocks　2.get over　3.let go of　4.out of my sight　5.is meant to　6.in the wrong　7.make it　8.In any case　9.at a loss　10.smooth out
Ⅲ.熟词生义
1. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D. C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.________________
2. Bob looked back, only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.________________
3. It's reported that the cause of the crash was given as engine failure.________________
答案：1.v.回收，重新利用　2.v.被忘掉　3.n.故障
Ⅳ.话题语法填空
It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place for a true friendship to develop. However, there can be no disagreement on the need for each of us 1.__________ (think) carefully about the kind of friendships we want.
To most of us, friendships are considered 2.__________ (importance), but need to have clear in our own minds 3.__________ kinds of friendships we want. Are they to be close or 4.__________ (keep) at arm's length Do we want to share 5.__________ (we) or do we want to walk on the surface For some people, many friendships on the surface are quite enough—and that's all right. But at some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our 6.__________ (friend)expectations. If one wants more from the friendship than the other, 7.__________ if this is not talked about, one is likely at last to feel that he's holding the short end of the stick. The sharing of personal experience 8.__________ (include) our tears as well as our dark dreams 9.__________ (be) the surest way to deepen friendships. But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there are signs of interest and action 10.__________ return.
答案：1.to think　2.important　3.what　4.kept　5.ourselves　6.friends'　7.and　8.including　9.is　10.in
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
“Quite a lot，” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
1. What do we know about the records of species collected now
A. They are becoming outdated.
B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number.
D. They are used for public exhibition.
2. What does Daru's study focus on
A. Threatened species.
B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data.
D. Mobile applications.
3. What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis.
B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling.
D. Unreliable data collection devices.
4. What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps
A. Review data from certain areas.
B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users.
D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏差，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
1. B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.”可知，现在大多数生物多样性的记录都是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的。
2. C　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“These observations now outnumber…Are they usable ”和第三段可知，Daru 的研究重点是这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性。所以他的研究聚焦的是“观察数据”。
3. C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“…like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist…right next to it”和第五段可知，收集生物采样数据的人，对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性，这些不当的采样方式会导致收集到的数据产生偏差。
4. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Daru认为生物多样性应用程序可以根据研究结果引导采样人员关注样本采集不足的地区和物种，鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片中的物种名称。因此，Daru建议生物多样性应用程序给采样人员提供一些指导意见。
“说明文”答题技能
第一步 细读文章重点：关注文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。
第二步 明确说明对象：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。
第三步 弄清说明顺序：在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。
第四步 把握作者态度：说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插人们对被说明事物的看法和观点，要仔细体会观点的倾向性和情感色彩，来对比作者的态度和写作情感。
第五步 吃透长难句子：学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。
第六步 学会适当放弃：在阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，在阅读时可一扫而过。
名师点睛：说明文包括话题较陌生、专业术语多、长难句子多、词汇有新义等特点，所以做题时我们应采用以下策略： 把握介绍或阐述的主体：通过文章第一段迅速找出说明文介绍或阐述的事物。一般情况下，作者会在文章开篇就把要介绍的事物或需表达的观点铺平直叙出来。 关注每一段的段首句：运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的标志性词汇或句子，剖析句子，掌握句意，进一步做出判断。 关注每一段的段尾句：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。 关注文章中出现的问题：说明文的本质是对一个事物进行阐述。阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息： A.说明的对象 B.说明对象的特征 C.说明的方法(例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法)
Ⅱ.应用文赏析
(2025·湖南长沙)
假定你是李华，你打算下周日参加学校对面的社区组织的义务劳动。请你给你校的加拿大交换生John写一封邮件，告知他此事，内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 具体安排；
3. 发出邀请。
【精选佳作】
根据中文补全语篇：
Dear John，
I am excited to inform you about an upcoming community volunteer event that I will be participating in. It is my pleasure and privilege to invite you to join me.
Next Sunday at 9: 00 am，①_____________________________________________________
(我们将在学校对面的社区门口集合，参加各种有意义的活动). The tasks for the day include cleaning up the neighborhood to make it more beautiful, planting trees, and working on a community garden project to promote sustainable living practices.
Your participation will be greatly appreciated, and ②_________________________________
(这是一个共同回馈社区的绝佳机会). Please let me know if you can join, and I can provide more details if needed. Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
【句式点拨】
It is my pleasure and privilege to invite you to join me.
翻译：③___________________________________________________________________
分析：句中It为④____________；真正的主语是⑤____________________________。
【结构解析】
答案：①we will gather at the gate of the community across from our school to engage in various meaningful activities　②it's a wonderful opportunity to give back to the community together ③我很高兴也很荣幸邀请你加入我。　④形式主语　⑤to invite you to join me　⑥期望　⑦事项
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·福建厦门)
“I'll be there in a few minutes. I'm playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzzball，” my 15 year old son shouted from his room. “Oh, what is Scuzzball's real name ” I asked. “I have no idea，” he said. “Where is he from ” I continued. He responded, “I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn't even matter because Scuzzball just left and he has been replaced with a robot.”
“Your friend is replaced by artificial intelligence ” “It doesn't matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues.” My son doesn't mind playing with a person or a robot, which is typical of games these days. But I wonder whether the face to face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children.
Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile. Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices for each other.
Presence in friendship requires “being with” and “doing for”. Perhaps the most defining feature of deep friendship is “doing for”, as my friend has my back in trouble or brings me soup when I'm sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why online “friends” would bother to do the hard work of friendship. When I asked my students whether they had people in their lives who would bring them soup when they were sick, they laughed at my Stone Age question and said they'd just order soup online themselves.
Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in an example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life produces false friendships.
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text
A. By quoting famous mottoes.
B. By introducing an online game.
C. By showing robots' irreplaceable role.
D. By presenting a parent child conversation.
2. What does the author mainly explain in paragraph 3
A. The impact of selfish friendship.
B. The meaning of deep friendship.
C. Selfless sacrifices in friendship.
D. The formation of shallow friendship.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 4
A. Robots will have our back in trouble.
B. Virtual friends won't make real sacrifices.
C. The students thought highly of the teacher's question.
D. Ordering food online for friends is an example of “being with”.
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Digitalized Friendship
B. The Benefits of Digital Life
C. Face to Face Communication
D. The Sacrifices of Online Friends
答案及解析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章对虚拟世界的友谊进行了探讨并产生了结论——作者认为数字生活产生了虚假的友谊。
1. D　文章结构题。根据第一段“‘I'll be there in a few minutes…Scuzzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot.’(‘我几分钟后就到。我在和一个朋友玩游戏，一个叫Scuzzball的家伙，’我15岁的儿子在他的房间里喊道。‘哦，Scuzzball的真名是什么 ’我问。‘我不知道，’他说。‘他是哪里人 ’我接着问。他回答说：‘我想在加拿大的某个地方。哦，等等，这根本不重要，因为Scuzzball刚刚离开了比赛，他被一个机器人取代了。’)”可知，作者通过呈现一段亲子对话来引出文章的主题。故选D。
2. B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for…You must make sacrifices for each other.(相比之下，深厚的友谊是你为你的朋友着想，而不是为了你能得到的任何好处。这就是无私的友谊。你只能拥有几个这样的朋友，因为他们需要花费大量的时间和精力。你们必须为彼此做出牺牲。)”可知，作者主要在第三段解释了深厚友谊的意义。故选B。
3. B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Only strong bonds have the power to motivate…and said they'd just order soup online themselves.(只有牢固的纽带才能激励人们做出真正的牺牲。但目前尚不清楚为什么网上的‘朋友’会费心去做艰难的友谊工作。当我问我的学生，在他们的生活中是否有人会在生病时给他们送汤时，他们嘲笑我这个石器时代的问题，说他们自己只会在网上点汤。)”可知，虚拟朋友不会做出真正的牺牲。故选B。
4. A　标题归纳题。根据第二段最后一句“I wonder whether the face to face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children.(但我想知道我们的孩子是否会失去伴随我成长的那种面对面的友谊体验。)”，第三段第一句“Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile.(伟大的思想家和教育家亚里士多德指出，肤浅的友谊很容易形成，但也很容易被抛弃，因为这种纽带是脆弱的。)”，第四段第一句“Presence in friendship requires ‘being with’ and ‘doing for’. (友谊的存在需要‘与’和‘为’。)”和最后一段“Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in an example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life produces false friendships.(数字生活占据并吞并了清醒的生活时间，以至于人们无法参与到友谊中来，如体育运动、集体艺术、自由放养的童年等等。通过这种方式，数字生活产生了虚假的友谊。)”可知，文章对虚拟世界的友谊进行了探讨并产生了结论。故选A。
B
(2025·山东泰安)
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity, people hold two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and develop our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.
5. What is Droll's idea about forgiveness
A. People should offer mercy to others.
B. Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
6. What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A. To forgive is to love.
B. To dominate is to harm.
C. To fight is to grow.
D. To give is to receive.
7. What is the writer's attitude toward forgiveness
A. Favorable. B. Reserved.
C. Objective. D. Skeptical.
8. What is the key message of the last paragraph
A. Forgiveness is in our nature.
B. Forgiveness grows with time.
C. It takes practice to forgive.
D. Actuality is based on potentiality.
答案及解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“宽恕是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了宽恕在个体和群体中的作用和意义。
5. D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness…who might then take advantage of them.[在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll(1984)提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕者违背了他们的本性，受到了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而那些接受仁慈的人可能会利用他们。]”可知，Droll认为宽恕者违背了他们的本性，受到了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选D。
6. B　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings…the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.(研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony (例如，奴隶制作为一种社会和谐模式的效果如何 )”以奴隶社会为例，通过反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选B。
7. A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans…Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (从我们作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和群体的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨并恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在一定程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以修复人际关系，重新建立联系。)”可知，作者认为宽恕在个体和群体的生理和心理完整性方面起关键作用，指出宽恕能够减少仇恨并恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到宽恕可以修复关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于宽恕持支持的态度。故选A。
8. C　段落大意题。根据最后一段“As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective…its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.(值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并培养我们宽恕的能力。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段主要传达了宽恕需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和现实性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备宽恕的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，宽恕并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·山东临沂)
Eight years ago, Al Nixon decided to begin each day from a bench with a spectacular view of the St. Petersburg, Florida, waterfront. “I call it ‘life rising’ because watching a __1__ makes me feel centered before starting my day.”
A year later, a woman stopped to say hello. “She said, ‘You know, every morning when I see you __2__ here, I know that everything is going to be fine,” Nixon recalls. “That's when I knew: I needed to pay __3__ to the people walking past. I needed to make eye contact and let people know that we __4__ to each other.”
Instead of __5__ staring ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started smiling at people and striking up __6__. And pretty soon, more than a few early risers began __7__ him on the bench, sometimes unburdening themselves and asking him for advice about relationships, careers, and __8__ problems.
So, every morning, weather __9__, Nixon rises at 4：30 a. m. His presence, his __10__ to listen, and his kindness toward __11__, have led some to nickname him the Sunshine Mayor.
No matter what problem a person wants to air, Nixon __12__ an ear, which even developed some __13__ friendships. “You have to have an open heart and an open head because you never know who's going to __14__ and what they might need,” Nixon says. “Every person who stops by the __15__ deserves my undivided attention.”
1. A.sunset B. woman
C. sunrise D. newspaper
2. A.running B. standing
C. sitting D. sleeping
3. A.money B. nothing
C. price D. attention
4. A.mattered B. talked
C. wrote D. shouted
5. A.nearly B. simply
C. hardly D. really
6. A.walks B. romances
C. music D. conversations
7. A.joining B. leaving
C. joking D. judging
8. A.professional B. personal
C. national D. traditional
9. A.worsening B. improving
C. permitting D. changing
10. A.selfishness B. loneliness
C. foolishness D. openness
11. A.strangers B. children
C. friends D. colleagues
12. A.trains B. covers
C. stops D. lends
13. A.unlovely B. unlikely
C. untimely D. unfriendly
14. A.walk up B. dress up
C. cheer up D. shut up
15. A.city B. sea
C. sun D. bench
答案及解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了尼克松在八年前决定用坐在长凳上欣赏海滩风光来开始自己的一天，但是一年后他改变了想法，不仅仅是欣赏风光，他开始对人们微笑，展开对话，学会倾听过往的人们，从而被人们称为“阳光市长”的故事。
1. C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我称之为“生命崛起”，因为看日出让我在开始新的一天之前感到情绪稳定。A.sunset日落；B.woman妇女；C.sunrise日出；D.newspaper报纸。根据上文“with a spectacular view of the St. Petersburg, Florida, waterfront”和下文“before starting my day”可知，此处的壮观景象指的是日出。故选C。
2. C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼克松回忆说：“她说，‘你知道，每天早上我看到你坐在这里，我就知道一切都会好起来的。’”A.running跑；B.standing站着；C.sitting坐；D.sleeping睡觉。根据上文“Al Nixon decided to begin each day from a bench”可知，此处表示坐在长凳上。故选C。
3. D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时我才知道：我需要注意路过的人。A.money钱；B.nothing没有什么；C.price价格；D.attention注意。根据下文“Every person who stops by the __15__ deserves my undivided attention.”可知，此处是信息词attention的词汇复现，pay attention to为固定短语，意为“注意……”。故选D。
4. A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要和人们进行眼神交流，让他们知道我们对彼此很重要。A.mattered重要，事关紧要；B.talked谈话；C.wrote写；D.shouted喊叫。根据上文“I needed to make eye contact”可知，进行眼神交流是为了让人们知道彼此的重要性。故选A。
5. B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：尼克松不再只是盯着前面的滨水区看，而是开始对人们微笑并攀谈。A.nearly几乎；B.simply仅仅，只是；C.hardly几乎不；D.really真正地。根据下文“Nixon started smiling at people and striking up __6__.”可知，尼克松不再只是盯着前面的滨水区看。故选B。
6. D　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.walks步行；B.romances浪漫；C.music音乐；D.conversations谈话。根据下文“sometimes unburdening themselves and asking him for advice about relationships, careers, and __8__ problems.”可知，尼克松与早起的人进行攀谈。故选D。
7. A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，不少早起的人开始加入他的行列，有时他们会诉说心里的苦衷，向他征求关于人际关系、事业和个人问题的建议。A.joining加入；B.leaving离开；C.joking开玩笑；D.judging判断，判定。根据上文“Nixon started smiling at people and striking up __6__.”可知，不少早起的人开始加入他的行列，坐在长凳上进行攀谈。故选A。
8. B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.professional职业的，专业的；B.personal个人的，私人的；C.national国家的；D.traditional传统的。根据上文“sometimes unburdening themselves and asking him for advice about relationships, careers”可知，这些早起的人谈论的都是个人问题。故选B。
9. C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，如果天气允许，尼克松每天早上4：30起床。A.worsening使恶化；B.improving提高，改善；C.permitting允许；D.changing改变。根据上文“I call it ‘life rising’ because watching a __1__ makes me feel centered before starting my day.”可知，看日出需要天气晴朗才行，因此是在天气允许的情况下，尼克松都会早起。故选C。
10. D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的在场、他的开放倾听、他对陌生人的善意，让一些人给他起了“阳光市长”的绰号。A.selfishness自私；B.loneliness孤独；C.foolishness愚蠢；D.openness开放，坦率。根据下文“You have to have an open heart and an open head”可知，此处表示开放的倾听。故选D。
11. A　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.strangers陌生人；B.children孩子；C.friends朋友；D.colleagues同事。根据上文“I needed to pay __3__ to the people walking past.”可知，这些过路人对他来说是陌生人。故选A。
12. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论一个人想提出什么问题，尼克松都会倾听，这甚至发展了一些不太可能的友谊。A.trains训练；B.covers覆盖；C.stops停止；D.lends借出。根据上文“sometimes unburdening themselves and asking him for advice about relationships, careers, and __8__ problems”可知，人们向他诉说一些问题，而尼克松则是认真地倾听。lend an ear为固定短语，意为“倾听”。故选D。
13. B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.unlovely不好看的；B.unlikely不太可能的；C.untimely不合时宜的；D.unfriendly不友好的。根据上文“His presence, his __10__ to listen, and his kindness toward __11__”可知，他面对的都是陌生人，因此这里表示甚至发展了一些不太可能的友谊。故选B。
14. A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：“你必须有一颗开放的心和一个开放的头脑，因为你永远不知道谁会走过来，他们可能需要什么，”尼克松说。A.walk up沿……走去，走近；B.dress up为……打扮；C.cheer up振作起来，使高兴起来；D.shut up关闭。根据上文“I needed to pay __3__ to the people walking past.”可知，此处表示你永远不知道谁会走过来。故选A。
15. D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一个在长凳前驻足的人都值得我全心全意的关注。A.city城市；B.sea海洋C.sun太阳；D.bench长凳。根据文章第一段的“Al Nixon decided to begin each day from a bench with a spectacular view of the St. Petersburg, Florida, waterfront.”可知，此处是信息词bench的词汇复现。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·山东日照)
During the May Day holiday, numerous messages of people looking for dazi, or activity partners for traveling, 1.__________ (post) on the social media platform Xiaohongshu. Earlier this year, several dazi related topics were among the most searched for hashtags on Sina Weibo, 2.__________ (stimulate) heated discussions among young people. In some ways, activities using dazi have become 3.__________ new form of social communication.
4. __________ friendships, the concept of dazi is more customizable. It is 5.__________ (definite) centered on companionship fields. The idea is simple—random individuals come together 6.__________ (join) in an activity they all enjoy. With one or several dazi, people can experience deeper fun in the activities they are interested in.
In addition to the 7.__________ (share) interests, another major advantage of dazi compared to normal relationships is 8.__________ (it) simplicity. Some dazi are only temporary, but even longer lasting ones are cast in the same mould (模式), where the topics discussed tend to be focused and relaxed.
“9.__________ my meal dazi doesn't go to school someday, I'll not be so sad for the rest of the day,” said Shi Zhimin, a 17 year old student from Shanxi Province. “Traditional 10.__________ (friendship) require a lot of time and emotion to maintain, but having a dazi means not needing to carry those burdens,” she added.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。在五一假期期间，社交媒体平台小红书上发布了大量寻找“搭子”，也就是旅行伙伴的信息。在某些方面，使用“搭子”的活动已经成为一种新的社交形式。
1. were posted　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在五一假期期间，社交媒体平台小红书上发布了大量寻找“搭子”，也就是旅行伙伴的信息。根据“During the May Day holiday”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。动词post意为“发布”，和主语messages构成被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为复数形式，be动词使用were。故填were posted。
2. stimulating　考查非谓语动词。句意：今年早些时候，几个与搭子相关的话题成为新浪微博上搜索量最高的话题标签，引发了年轻人的热烈讨论。动词stimulate意为“促进，激发(某事物)”，和系动词之间没有连词，和句子构成主动关系，且表示意料之中的结果，应用现在分词，作状语。故填stimulating。
3. a　考查冠词。句意：在某种程度上，有搭子的活动已经成为一种新的社交形式。form意为“形式”，为可数名词，此处为第一次出现，应用不定冠词。new的开头发音为辅音音素，应用a。故填a。
4. Unlike　考查介词。句意：与友谊不同，搭子的概念更具可定制性。根据“the concept of dazi is more customizable”可知，此处是指搭子不像友谊，应用介词unlike表示“不像”。句首首字母应大写。故填Unlike。
5. definitely　考查副词。句意：它肯定以伴侣领域为中心。此处修饰动词，应用副词definitely“肯定”，作状语。故填definitely。
6. to join　考查非谓语动词。句意：这个想法很简单——随机的人聚在一起参加一项他们都喜欢的活动。根据“random individuals come together”和“in an activity they all enjoy”可知，此处是指随机的人聚在一起是为了参加一项他们都喜欢的活动，应用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to join。
7. shared　考查非谓语动词。句意：除了共同的兴趣爱好外，与普通的关系相比，搭子的另一个主要优点是简单。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词interest，share的形容词形式shared表示“共同的”。故填shared。
8. its　考查代词。句意同上。此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。
9. If/When　考查连接词。句意：“如果/当有一天我的饭搭子没来上学，我这一整天也不会很难过，”来自山西省的17岁学生石志敏说。根据“my meal dazi doesn't go to school someday, I'll not be so sad for the rest of the day”可知，此处是指如果/当有一天饭搭子没来上学。所以应用连词if表示“如果”引导条件状语从句或when表示“当……时”引导时间状语从句。句首首字母应大写。故填If或When。
10. friendships　考查名词。句意：“传统的友谊需要大量的时间和情感来维持，而拥有‘搭子’意味着不需要承担这些负担，”她补充道。Traditional前无限定词，且谓语动词require用的复数形式，应用名词复数。故填friendships。
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