【高考突破方案】英语选必一U3听课手册-高考一轮总复习 （教师版） 译林版

Unit 3　The art of painting
Ⅰ.话题单词
represent v. 代表；描绘　　　　　evaluate v. 评估，评价　　　 imitate v. 模仿 appreciate v. 欣赏，赏识 spiritual adj. 精神的，心灵的 meaningful adj. 有意义的 instructive adj. 有教育意义的 contemporary adj. 同一时代的；当代的 pioneer n. 先驱；开拓者 work n. [U]工作成果；[C]著作，作品 masterpiece/masterwork n. 代表作，杰作　　 studio n. 工作室　　 statue n. 塑像，雕像 sculpture n. 雕刻品；雕刻术 exhibition n. 展览 inspiration n. 灵感 reputation n. 名声，名誉 remark n. & v. 谈论，言论 abstract n. 抽象派艺术作品 adj.艺术抽象(派)的 original n. 原作 adj. 原作的 comment n. 评论 v. 表达意见
Ⅱ.话题词块
be keen on 喜爱　　　　　　a sense of beauty 美感　 　　　art exhibition 艺术展览 be set in 以……为背景 convey information 传达信息 enrich one's life 丰富某人的生活 without inspiration 没有灵感 abandon oneself to 沉迷于…… works appreciation 作品欣赏 be shaped like＝in the shape of 形状像……　　　　 shape one's character 塑造某人的性格 range from…to… 范围从……到…… widen one's horizons 开阔某人的眼界 leave sb. a deep impression 给某人留下深刻的印象 have a strong interest in 对……有着浓厚的兴趣 pass down from generation to generation 代代相传 give a lecture on Western art 做一次关于西方艺术的讲座
Ⅲ.话题句式
1. The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their works.
这次展览为当地艺术家提供了一个展示他们作品的机会。
2. Tom had a strong interest in painting when he was a child.
汤姆从小就对绘画有着强烈的兴趣。
3. Traditional art should be passed down, such as Peking Opera and paper making and so on.
像京剧、剪纸等传统艺术应该被传承下去。
4. Some love Chinese calligraphy for there is an artistic flavor in itself.
有些人喜欢中国书法，因为书法本身就有一种艺术品位。
Ⅳ.语法填空
I visited the Musée d'Orsay during my trip to Paris. Housed in 1.____________ old railway building, this world famous art museum displays some of the most famous 2.____________ (paint) from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century.
As I wandered through the Impressionist gallery, I appreciated many 3.____________ (amaze) masterpieces. I 4.____________ (impress) by two of the greatest Impressionist painters, Claude Monet and Pierre Auguste Renoir. Everyday subject matter was the main focus of Impressionist works, as opposed 5.____________ the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art. Painters 6.____________ (use) free brushwork and colours to show the effect of light on things, creating paintings that were far less realistic than previous works. To me, these techniques are the essence of the Impressionist view of art. The impressionist artists did not attempt 7.____________ (paint) every detail in a scene—just a brief “impression” of 8.____________ (they) time, burning with vivid colours and light, before it disappeared.
The Impressionists' vision inspired a new generation of Post Impressionist painters, such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin, 9.____________ works are also displayed at the Musée d'Orsay.
The visit 10.____________ (certain) left a lasting impression on me!
答案：1.an　2.paintings　3.amazing　4.was impressed　5.to　6.used　7.to paint　8.their　9.whose 　10.certainly
Ⅰ.词族关联(根据汉语和词性写出单词)
1. __________ n. 环境，背景；情节背景→__________ v. 放，置，使处于；设置；以……为背景；安排
2. __________ n. 解放，摆脱→__________ vt. 解放；使自由
3. __________ adj. 截然不同的；强烈反对的→__________ vi. & vt. 反对→__________ adj. 对抗的；相反的→__________ n. 对立面 adj. 对面的；相反的 prep. 在……对面→__________ n. 反对；对手；对立→__________n. 对手，竞争者；反对者
4. __________ vt. 运用，使用；雇用→__________ n. 雇员→__________ n. 雇主，老板→__________ n. 使用；职业；就业；雇用
5. __________ adj. 逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的→__________ adj. 真的；真实的→__________ adv. 确实；事实上→__________ n. 现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历→__________ vt. 实现；认识到→__________ n. 实现；认识，领悟
6. __________ adj. 鲜明的，耀眼的；生动的→__________ adv. 生动地
7. __________ adj. 值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的→__________ adj.值得；有……价值，值……钱→__________ adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的→__________ adj. 没用的，无价值的
8. __________ vt. 以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗→__________ n. 洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆 vt. 给……洗澡
9. __________ adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 →__________ adv. 显然，可见
10. __________ adj. 宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的→__________ adv. 雄心勃勃地，劲头十足地；热切地→__________ n. 野心，雄心，壮志；追求的目标，夙愿
11. __________ adj. 巨大的，庞大的→__________ adv. 非常，极其
12. __________ adj. 全面的，详尽的；综合性的→__________ n. 理解力，领悟能力；理解练习 →__________ vt. 理解，领悟
13. __________ n. 批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人→__________adj.批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的→__________adv. 批评性地；危急地→__________ n. 批评→__________ vt. & vi.批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价
14. __________ n. 检查，查看，审视；视察→__________ vt. & vi. 检查，查看，审视；视察→__________ n. 检查员，视察员
15. __________ vt. 揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触→__________adj.(地方)无遮蔽的；(人)易受攻击的→__________ n. 揭露；面临，遭受；报道
16. __________ adj. 政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的→__________ n. 政治，政治事务；(个人的)政治观点，政见→__________ adv. 政治上→__________ n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者
17. __________ n. 展览，展出→__________ vt. & vi. 展览，展出；表现出 n. 展览品
18. __________ adj. 稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的→__________ adv. 罕有，很少，不常
答案：1.setting; set　2.liberation; liberate　3.opposed; oppose; opposing; opposite; opposition; opponent　4.employ; employee; employer; employment　5.realistic; real; really; reality; realize; realization　6.vivid; vividly　7.worthy; worth; worthwhile; worthless　8.bathe; bath　9.apparent; apparently　10.ambitious; ambitiously; ambition　11.enormous; enormously　12.comprehensive; comprehension; comprehend　13.critic; critical; critically; criticism; criticize　14.inspection; inspect; inspector　15.expose; exposed; exposure　16.political; politics; politically; politician　17.exhibition; exhibit　18.rare; rarely
Ⅱ.词块构建(根据汉语意思，每空格中填入一个单词)
1. be struck __________ 被……打动，迷恋……
2. as __________ to (表示对比)而，相对于
3. all walks __________ life＝every walk __________ life 各行各业，社会各界
4. go __________ sth. 忙于做某事，继续做某事
5. be __________ to 由……引起(或造成)
6. __________ one's own right 凭自身的资格(或努力)
7. speak volumes __________ 充分说明，清楚表明
8. along __________ 和……一起
9. __________ decline 在衰退中，在走下坡路
10. pick __________ 捡起，拾起，拿起
11. lay eyes __________ 见到
12. lose control __________ 失去控制
13. take a photo __________ 给……拍照　　
答案：1.by　2.opposed　3.of; of　4.about　5.down　6.in　7.about　8.with　9.in　10.up
11. on　12.of　13.of
Ⅲ.佳句背诵
1. Although the paintings had very different settings, ____________________________ stayed with me long after I left the Musée d'Orsay—similarities which can be seen throughout the Impressionists' paintings.(P31)尽管这些画作的背景迥然不同，但在我离开奥赛博物馆很长一段时间后，它们的相似之处一直萦绕在我的脑海中——这些相似之处在印象派画作中随处可见。
仿写：正是多年艰苦的工作才造就了他今天的成功。
____________________________ has made him successful today.
2. Nowadays, the use of smartphones in museums continues to rise and art experts are concerned about __________________________________ rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media.(P35)如今，智能手机在博物馆的使用率持续上升，艺术专家开始关注如何让人们真正欣赏艺术作品，而不是仅仅拍些照片或录些视频发布到社交媒体上。
仿写：今天下午我们会商量一下怎样装修房子。
This afternoon, we will discuss ____________________________.
3. ____________________________ several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll.(P40)这幅画价值如此之高，以至于后世有几位皇帝甚至命令当朝最有才华的画家来临摹这幅长卷。
仿写：她是一个如此善良的人，以至于孩子们知道她要离开时都忍不住哭了起来。
____________________________ the children could not help crying when they knew she was leaving.
答案：1.it was their similarities that; It is years of hard work that　2.how to get people to truly appreciate artworks; how to decorate the house　3.Such is its worth that; She was such a kind person that
1. wander vi. & vt. 闲逛，漫步；走失；走神；蜿蜒曲折
教材原句：As I wandered through the Impressionist gallery, I appreciated masterpieces like The Ballet Class and The Card Players. (P30) 漫步在印象派画廊，我欣赏了《舞蹈课》和《玩纸牌者》等杰作。
wander around/about 徘徊，游荡
wander off 偏离，走失
wander off the topic 跑题
wander off the walkways 偏离步道
wander off the track 走入歧途
let one's mind/attention wander 让某人走神/分散注意力
单句语法填空/完成句子
①The child wandered ____________ and got lost.
②I took my six year old daughter's hand and we started to wander ____________.
③他偶遇一个愁容满面的老妇人独自在街上徘徊。
He came across a sad looking elderly woman _______________________________.
答案：①off　②around　③wandering around the streets by herself
2. strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck)突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴)n. 罢工；袭击；击，打
教材原句：When I saw it up close, I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting, and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together. (P31) 我靠近观察，画面上遍布着小面积的光斑，人物柔和的轮廓好像融为一体，令我惊叹不已。
be struck by… 被……打动，迷恋……
it strikes sb. that… 某人突然想到……
strike sb. as… 给某人以……印象
strike at 朝……打去
strike in 插嘴
strike back 回击，反击
strike a deal 达成协议
go on strike 举行罢工
on strike 罢工，罢工中
单句语法填空/完成句子
①__________ (strike) by his inspiring words, I decided to make efforts to improve my English.
②The workers were ____________ strike, demanding that their working conditions should be improved.
③If we can't defend ourselves, then we strike ____________.
④He found it difficult to ____________________________________________ (家庭和工作两者兼顾).
⑤______________________ (我突然想到) I still had a composition left to write.
⑥This combination of healing myself and healing the world _________________________ (我认为是一个完美的解决方案).
答案：①Struck　②on　③back　④strike a balance between family and work　⑤It struck me that　⑥struck me as a perfect solution
3. opposed adj. 截然不同的；强烈反对的
教材原句：Everyday subject matter was the main focus of their works, as opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art.(P31)日常题材是他们作品的重点，这有别于传统上在欧洲艺术中占主导地位的历史题材画作。
as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于
be opposed to (doing) sth. 强烈反对(做)某事
oppose vt. 反对，抵制；与……对垒
oppose (sb./sth.) doing sth.反对(某人/某物)做某事
opposing adj. 对抗的；相反的
opposite adj. 相反的；对面的 prep. 与……相对，在……对面 n. 对立的人(或物)，对立面
opposition n. 反对；对立
in opposition to sb./sth. 强烈反对/抵制某人/某事物；对比，对照
opponent n. 对手，竞争者；反对者
单句语法填空/完成句子
①The plan should adjust to the changes, otherwise it will meet with strong __________ (oppose).
②Opposed to ____________ (develop) the nature reserve, the local people prevented the construction workers from entering their villages.
③All the people present are __________ (oppose) to tearing down the old house.
④We should learn to listen to others' opinions in our daily life, even to those __________________________ (相反的观点).
⑤Try to make home cooked meals __________________________ (而不是到外面吃).
答案：①Opposition　②developing　③opposed ④opposing/opposite points of view　⑤as opposed to eating out
4. employ vt. 运用，使用；雇用
教材原句：They employed free brushwork and used colours to show the effect of light on things, creating paintings that were far less realistic than the works that came before. (P31) 他们运用了自由的笔触，用色彩来展示光投射在物体上的效果，创作出的绘画作品远不像前人所作的那么写实。
employ sb. as 雇用某人为
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
be employed in doing sth. 从事于/忙于做某事
employee n. 雇员
employer n. 雇主，老板
employment n. 使用；职业；就业；雇用
out of/in employment 失业/就业
unemployment n. 失业，失业人数
单句语法填空/完成句子
①The government is looking into how to reduce ____________ (employ) at present.
②The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his ____________ (employ) enjoy their work.
③She was employed ____________ making a list of all the work to be done.
④____________ (employ) look favourably on applicants who have work experience.
⑤His elder brother _____________________________________________________ (受雇当厨师) in a big restaurant.
⑥假如我有幸被雇用，我将用最大的努力回报您的信任。
If I am lucky enough ________________, I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust.(应用文写作之申请信)
答案：①unemployment　②employees　③in　④Employers　⑤is employed as a cook　⑥to be employed
5. realistic adj. 逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的
reality n. 现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历
beyond reality 超越现实
become a reality 变成现实
bring…back to reality 使……回到现实
in reality 事实上，实际上
real adj. 真的；真实的
really adv. 确实，的确；事实上；真正地
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Love sometimes blinds us to the __________ (real). (2022·天津卷)
②They rank him as a __________ (real) painter, who has gained a good reputation.
③She seemed confident but ____________ reality she felt extremely nervous.
④The teacher's reminder brought me ________ to reality and I realized it was time to go all out.
⑤Many of these practitioners, so called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to __________ (real) understand what life is.(2023·北京卷)
⑥After years of hard work, ____________________________ (他的梦想已成为现实).
答案：①reality　②realistic　③in　④back　⑤really　⑥his dream has become a reality
6. worthy adj. 值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的
教材原句：It is also worthy of note that Post Impressionist painters were not the only ones to be influenced by Impressionism… (P31) 同样值得注意的是，后印象派画家并不是唯一受到印象派影响的群体……
be worthy of＋n. 值得(或应该)……的
be worthy of being done＝be worthy to be done 值得被做
worth adj. 值得；有……价值，值……钱
be (well) worth doing sth. (很)值得做……(动名词用主动形式表被动意义)
be worth the money/an effort/a try 值得花钱/努力/一试
be worth it 值得一做
be worth＋表示钱数的名词 值……钱
worthwhile adj. 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的
it is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth. 值得做某事
sth. is worthwhile 某事是值得的
worthless adj. 没用的，无价值的
单句语法填空/一句多译
①When it comes to foods that are more than worthy of ____________ (post) all over social media, Chinese sugar painting, a traditional Chinese form of folk art, deserves some time in the spotlight.
②The problem he has just mentioned is worthy ____________ (discuss).
③It is worthwhile ______________ (be) a perfectionist.(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷·浙江)
④这处名胜值得参观。
The place of interest is worth a visit.
＝The place of interest is worth ________________________________.
＝The place of interest is worthy ________________________________________.
＝The place of interest is worthy _______________________________________.
＝The place of interest is worthy ____________________________________________.
＝It is worthwhile _____________________________________________.
答案：①being posted　②to be discussed　③being/to be　④visiting; to be visited; of a visit; of being visited; to visit/visiting the place of interest
7. ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的
教材原句：This well developed ability, as well as the scroll's ambitious size, allows Zhang to show an enormous amount of detail—you could study the painting for hours and still discover something new.(P39) 张择端娴熟的绘画技艺以及气势恢宏的画幅，让他能展现海量的细节——你细看这幅画卷数小时之后还能有新的发现。
be ambitious for… 对……有野心
be ambitious to do sth.渴望做某事
ambition n. [C]追求的目标，夙愿；[U]野心，雄心，壮志
achieve/realize/fulfill one's ambition 实现某人的理想
an ambition to do sth./of doing sth. 想做某事的夙愿
单句语法填空/完成句子
①The author think of Weiner's book daring and __________ (ambition). (2023·全国甲卷)
②My son has an ambition ____________ being a football player.
③He is ambitious ____________ (become) a world famous pianist.
④If you want to ________________________ (实现你的理想), you must work hard and get fully prepared.
答案：①ambitious　②of　③to become　④achieve/realize/fulfill your ambition
8. expose vt. 揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触
教材原句：However, some critics suggest that on closer inspection, the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems. (P40)然而一些评论家提出，进行更为仔细的观察，会发现这幅画实际上揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。
expose sb./sth. as… 揭露某人/某物为……
expose…to… 使……暴露于/面临/遭受/接触……
exposed adj.(地方)无遮蔽的；(人)易受攻击的
exposure n. 揭露；面临，遭受；报道
exposure to… 面临/遭受……(危险或不快)
expose…to…和be exposed to…中的to都为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Young people may risk going deaf if they ____________ (expose) to very loud music every day.
②There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure __________ the sun and skin cancer.
③______________________ (接触大自然) has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children.
④Many students choose to study abroad for they want to ____________________________ (体验另一种文化).
答案：①are exposed　②to　③Being exposed to nature　④expose themselves to another culture
9. decline n. 衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi. & vt. 减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝
教材原句：In fact, the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage. (P40) 事实上，到这个阶段，北宋已经走向衰落了。
in decline＝on the decline 在衰退中，在走下坡路
decline and fall 衰亡，衰败
economic decline 经济衰退
fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落/衰退
decline in… 在……方面减少/下降
decline by… 下降了……(常接分数或百分数)
decline to… 下降到……(常接具体数字)
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
decline an offer/invitation 谢绝对方的主动帮助/邀请
单句语法填空/完成句子/改写句子
①The number of tourists here declined ________ 10% last year.
②The number of staff has declined ________ 1,200.
③Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines ________ pollinator (传粉昆虫) populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U. S.(2023·全国新课标Ⅰ卷·浙江)
④The boy _______________________________________ (拒绝回答这个问题).
⑤The number of people who like reading has been declining in the past few years.(话题写作之学校生活)
＝The number of people who like reading has been ________________ in the past few years.
答案：①by　②to　③in　④declined to answer the question　⑤in decline或on the decline
go about sth. 忙于做某事，继续做某事
教材原句：Here, hundreds of people from all walks of life, including butchers, hairdressers and government officials, can be seen going about their daily business. (P39) 在这里，我们可以看见数百个来自各行各业的人正在忙着自己的营生，有肉贩，有理发师，还有官差。
go after 追赶(某人)；谋求(某事/某物)
go against 反抗(某人)，反对(某事)；对(某人)不利
go ahead 开始做，着手干(with…)；走在前面
go in for 参加(考试或竞赛)；爱好
go over 仔细检查(或审查)；反复研究
go through 经历，遭受
go along 继续
go along with 赞同(某事/某人的观点)
单句语法填空/完成句子
①They had gone ____________ some rocky times together when Ann was married.
②If they go __________ doing it the right way, this project will be a great success.
③我痴迷于音乐及网球，而我兄弟则酷爱游泳。
I am crazy about music and tennis while my brothers ________________________.
④这里正在做一些违背我原则的改变，我不能同意。
Some changes are being made here __________________________ and I can't agree with them.
⑤如果你把所有题做完还有时间，就把它们都检查一遍，以确保没有犯任何粗心的错误。
If you have finished all the questions and still have time, ____________________ you haven't made any careless mistakes.
答案：①through　②about　③go in for swimming　④that go against my principles　⑤go over them to make sure (that)
1. while引导的让步状语从句
教材原句：While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works, the artists who made the deepest impression on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters, Claude Monet and Pierre Auguste Renoir. (P30) 虽然要从如此多得惊人作品里挑出最喜欢的画作绝非易事，不过给我留下最深刻印象的艺术家是两位伟大的印象派画家，克劳德·莫奈和皮埃尔 奥古斯特·雷诺阿。
①while引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然，尽管”，while引导的让步状语从句通常位于主句之前。
②while、although、though、as引导让步状语从句的区别
while 通常置于主句前，从句不倒装。相当于although/though。
although 可用于主句前或主句后，用法较正式，多数情况下可与though换用，从句不倒装。
though 可用于主句前或主句后，用法较正式，多数情况下可与although换用，从句可倒装也可不倒装。
as 从句必须用倒装语序。倒装时将从句的名词、形容词或动词提到as之前，单数可数名词提前时，该名词前冠词省略。
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①____________ a routine involves repeated behaviour, it's not necessarily performed in response to a deep rooted urge, as a habit is.(2023·北京卷)
②Rich ____________ they were, they were not very happy.
③尽管他是个孩子，但他对太空探索了解很多。
_________________________________________________________________(用as引导状语从句)
答案：①While/Although/Though　②as/though　③Child as he is, he knows a lot about space exploration.
2. so/such…that… 如此……以至于……
教材原句：Such is its worth that several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll. (P40)这幅画价值如此之高，以至于后世有几位皇帝甚至命令当朝最有才华的画家来临摹这幅长卷。
①so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，其中so为副词，that引导结果状语从句，用法如下：
so＋adj./adv.＋that…
so＋adj.＋a/an ＋可数名词单数＋that…
so＋many/few＋可数名词复数＋that…
so＋much/little＋不可数名词＋that…
②such…that…也可表示为“如此……以至于……”的含义，用法如下：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that…
such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that…
such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that…
当“so＋adj./adv.”或者“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
单句语法填空/改写句子
①She was so busy making cloth shoes ________ she didn't even rest during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday.
②The boy is clever.Teachers like him very much.
＝________________________ teachers like him very much. (so…that…)
＝________________________ teachers like him very much. (such…that…)
③He left so quickly that I didn't get a chance to have a word with him.
＝______________________ that I didn't get a chance to have a word with him.(用倒装句)
④He is such a lovely boy that we all love him.
＝He is _________________________ we all love him. (so…that…)
答案：①that　②The boy is so clever that; He is such a clever boy that　③So quickly did he leave　④so lovely a boy that
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. The book deals with the social, economic and __________ (politics) problems of the period.
2. __________ (expose) to lead(铅) is known to damage the brains of young children.
3. The lane winds for hundreds of meters and is a perfect __________ (set) for dating.
4. The __________ (exhibit) in local art gallery has attracted thousands of visitors.
5. She achieved her __________ (ambitious) of becoming a famous writer at the age of forty.
6. The price of wine varies __________ (enormous) depending on where it comes from.
7. The __________ (employ) decided to employ Bob __________ her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her new __________ (employ) before he came to work.
8. The cases reported in Europe and the United States are raising concerns because the disease has __________ (rare) appeared outside of Africa.
9. No composer was considered worthy __________ the name until he had written an opera.
10. It suddenly __________(strike) me how we could solve the problem properly.
11. It is not __________ (real) to expect them to be able to provide a plan immediately.
12. I want a very ____________ (comprehend) explanation of this plan.
13. The sun began to rise in the sky, __________ (bath) the mountain in golden light.
14. Women's ____________ (liberate) movement provided women with new professional opportunities.
15. The parents were opposed __________ their daughter going abroad but their __________ (oppose) didn't work.
16. The ______________ (essential) of stealth marketing lies in people's unawareness of being targeted.
17. In this article he __________ (vivid) describes a group of cute animals.
18. Carelessness is __________ (apparent) bad because it always leads to failure, but on the other hand failure can teach us a good lesson.
19. That decision is being heavily ____________ (critic) by some individuals and groups.
20. The building is regularly ____________ by the fire safety officer and the ____________ is essential.(inspect)
答案：1.political　2.Exposure　3.setting　4.exhibition　5.ambition　6.enormously　7.employer; as; employee　8.rarely　9.of　10.struck　11.realistic　12.comprehensive　13.bathing　14.liberation　15.to; opposition　16.essence　17.vividly　18.apparently　19.criticized　20.inspected; inspection
Ⅱ.短语填空
as opposed to, speak volumes about, go about, in decline, lose control of, all walks of life, be struck by, lay eyes on, along with, in one's own right
1. One of the greatest pleasures of this job is meeting people from ________________.
2. ________________ what we had expected, he successfully passed his driving test.
3. She said that she wanted to be successful as an actress ________________.
4. To some degree, what you wear __________you.
5. She ________________ her two young sisters was admitted into Peking University.
6. As the economy was ________________, some people in the town lost their jobs.
7. All the employees at the company are ________ their work as usual.
8. In the storm I took shelter under the tree, which, my father told me later, was not a wise choice, because I might ________________ the lightning.
9. If students ________________ the time they spend on the Internet, it will do harm to their mind and body.
10. ________________ the birth of his child inspired him with a strong sense of responsibility and gratitude for his wife.
答案：1.all walks of life　2.As opposed to　3.in her own right　4.speaks volumes about　5.along with　6.in decline　7.going about　8.be struck by　9.lose control of　10.Laying eyes on
Ⅲ.熟词生义
1. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message.________________
2. Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether she could do so remotely; about three quarters of the time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the invitation.________________
答案：1.v.走神　2.v.谢绝
Ⅳ.话题语法填空
The traditional Chinese painting is 1.__________ (fundamental) an abstract art form. Objects in Chinese paintings are a less direct copy of the natural world, 2.__________ comparison to Western paintings. Actually, the Chinese painting aims to demonstrate a 3.__________ (harmony) relation between the natural world and human emotion.
What Chinese painters would like to produce in their paintings is not a visual effect of colors and patterns that Western painters tend 4.__________ (achieve). The description of objects in Chinese paintings is by no means accurate because few painters 5.__________ (concern) about their exact size or shape. What they want to seek is a spiritual world in their mind 6.__________ nature provides exactly basic elements. This is how Chinese painters view nature. Remote mountains and running streams 7.__________ (be) the primary materials of their thinking and creating since ancient times. Chinese artists often say that the artists first need to have a thorough and deep understanding of the natural 8.__________ (exist) before drawing.
With a long history of China, generations of Chinese painters express thoughts on the material world through this unique art form and leave a valuable treasure to the Chinese. Nowadays, the Chinese painting, as 9.__________ important part of global culture, has become increasingly attractive across the world, 10.__________ (enjoy) great popularity at home and abroad.
答案：1.fundamentally　2.in　3.harmonious 4.to achieve　5.are concerned　6.where　7.have been　8.existence　9.an　10.enjoying
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The sensation of anxiety is universal, but the human body's consistent response to anxiety actually masks two different kinds. The first—growth anxiety—occurs in response to challenges that are uncomfortable but manageable. The second—toxic anxiety—arises from situations that go beyond one's ability to deal with.
Growth and toxic anxiety have markedly different effects on our brain and body. Over the past decade, anxiety has developed a reputation for ruining health. And many people try to escape it through medication. In general, however, one's performance under pressure follows an inverted U turn: As stress goes up, performance rises to a peak, then drops off.
Growth anxiety can promote health and flexibility, much in the way that physical exercise can make us fitter. That's likely because acute anxiety causes an increase in two hormones (激素): cortisol and norepinephrine. Cortisol stimulates the body to be more energetic. Meanwhile, norepinephrine makes you more focused. Short term stress can be beneficial as a little amount of cortisol can strengthen your brain function of memory and learning. By contrast, long lasting stress leads to rising hormones level, increasing one's chances of developing health problems while damaging brain functions.
Stress in response to an ongoing threat is one form of toxic anxiety; another occurs in people with social anxiety disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Those with such over sensitive threat detection probably had a leg up in a prehistoric world full of threats, but in a modern one, such stress is usually poorly adapted—except in the rare cases when modern life presents true threats, which many people under react to. For most people, however, turning toxic anxiety into growth anxiety is within your power.
Each of us has a different sensitivity to stress. The same challenge, such as giving a public presentation, could be terrifying for one person and exciting for another. But no matter your stress tolerance, even small interventions—like getting sufficient sleep and exercise—can help prevent you from sliding down the inverted U turn. We shouldn't fear growth anxiety any more than we do the soreness that comes with a healthy workout. Both can be uncomfortable but make us stronger in the long run.
1. What makes growth anxiety different from toxic anxiety
A. Its sensory stimulation.
B. Its higher level of hormones.
C. Its positive influences on health.
D. Its occurrence in challenging situations.
2. How is toxic anxiety
A. Momentary and adaptable.
B. Continuous and destructive.
C. Comfortable and controllable.
D. Changeable and unpredictable.
3. What does the underlined expression “had a leg up” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Developed a skill.
B. Had an advantage.
C. Took an active part.
D. Contributed to a cause.
4. What's the author's suggestion on keeping performing well
A. Setting aside some time to relax.
B. Avoiding taking demanding tasks.
C. Shouldering more responsibilities.
D. Improving stress tolerance ability.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两种不同类型的焦虑——成长焦虑和有害焦虑，以及它们对健康和表现的影响。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Growth and toxic anxiety have markedly different effects on our brain and body.(成长焦虑和有害焦虑对我们的大脑和身体有明显不同的影响。)”以及第三段中的“Growth anxiety can promote health and flexibility, much in the way that physical exercise can make us fitter.(成长焦虑可以促进健康和灵活性，就像体育锻炼可以使我们更健康一样。) ”和“By contrast, long lasting stress leads to rising hormones level, increasing one's chances of developing health problems while damaging brain functions.(相比之下，长期的压力会导致激素水平上升，增加患健康问题的可能性，同时损害大脑功能。)”可知，成长焦虑对健康有积极影响，而有害焦虑则可能导致健康问题。因此，使成长焦虑与有害焦虑不同的是它对健康的积极影响。故选C。
2. B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“By contrast, long lasting stress leads to rising hormones level, increasing one's chances of developing health problems while damaging brain functions.(相比之下，长期的压力会导致激素水平上升，增加患健康问题的可能性，同时损害大脑功能。)”和第四段中“Stress in response to an ongoing threat is one form of toxic anxiety (对持续威胁的应激反应是有害焦虑的一种形式)”可知，有害焦虑是持续的，并且通常具有破坏性。故选B。
3. B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Those with such over sensitive threat detection probably had a leg up in a prehistoric world full of threats, but in a modern one, such stress is usually poorly adapted (那些具有这种过度敏感的威胁检测能力的人在充满威胁的史前世界中可能had a leg up，但在现代世界中，这种压力通常很难适应)”中“but in a modern one, such stress is usually poorly adapted”可知，上下文有转折关系，下文说具有过度敏感的威胁检测能力的人很难适应现代世界，由此推知，在史前世界他们可能具有某种优势，上下文构成转折关系。had a leg up意为“有优势”，与B项“Had an advantage”同义。故选B。
4. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But no matter your stress tolerance, even small interventions—like getting sufficient sleep and exercise—can help prevent you from sliding down the inverted U turn.(但无论你的压力承受能力如何，即使是小的干预——比如充足的睡眠和锻炼——也可以帮助你避免在倒U形曲线上下滑。)”可知，作者建议通过小的干预措施，如充足的睡眠和锻炼，来保持良好的表现。这些措施实际上是在建议人们留出一些时间来放松和恢复，以提高应对压力的能力。故选A。
“词义猜测题”答题技能
第一步 确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置
第二步 运用密码分析猜测点与语境之间的关系
第三步 仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选项
第四步 将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案
名师点睛： 注意逻辑关系：同义或近义，反义，因果； 解释说明：下定义，定语从句，同位语，举例，标点符号； 构词法：合成，派生，转化； 文化常识：考生一定要树立篇章意识，在篇章主线的基础上推断画线部分的意思。
Ⅱ.应用文赏析
(2025·安徽合肥)
假定你是高三学生李华，你班的英国交换生Jack在“汉语桥”演讲选拔比赛中因表现不佳而落选。请你代表全班写一封信，内容包括：
1. 代表班级表达安慰；
2. 进行鼓励；
3. 表示愿意提供帮助。
参考词汇：“汉语桥”演讲比赛 “Chinese Bridge” Speaking Contest
【精选佳作】
根据中文补全语篇：
Dear Jack,
I hope this letter finds you in good spirits despite the recent outcome of the “Chinese Bridge” Speaking Contest. On behalf of our class, I want to ①____________________________ (表达我们诚挚的慰问) and support to you through this challenging time.
We understand that the competition is a significant opportunity for you to showcase your language skills, and it's completely normal to feel disappointed with the result. However, we believe that your participation alone is a testament to your courage and dedication to learning a new language. As the saying goes，“The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step.”
Remember, even the most successful people have encountered setbacks on their path to greatness. We are ②____________________________________________________ (非常愿意提供帮助和支持).
Keep your chin up, Jack. Your journey with the Chinese language is far from over, and with your determination, we are confident that you will achieve great things in the future.
Warm regards,
Li Hua
【句式点拨】
We understand that the competition was a significant opportunity for you to showcase your language skills, and it's completely normal to feel disappointed with the result.
翻译：③___________________________________________________________
分析：句中that引导④________从句；it在句中作⑤________主语，真正的主语是to feel disappointed with the result。
【结构解析】
答案：①extend our heartfelt sympathy　②more than willing to offer our help and support
③我们理解这次比赛是你展示自己的语言技能的一个重要机会，对结果感到失望是完全正常的。　④宾语　⑤形式　⑥安慰　⑦鼓励
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·江苏南通)
There's a mural(壁画) in Winsted, Connecticut, which is 5 stories tall and 120 feet long. Artist Ellen Griesedieck came up with the idea in 1999. More than 20 years in the making, the massive artwork is now on display.
Griesedieck calls the work the American Mural Project (AMP). That's also the name of the arts center where it's displayed. Rather than display the portraits(肖像画) of the famous political figures in American history and the well known great artists, Griesedieck preferred to meet people from different fields in small towns and cities all over the United States to create the mural. She took photos of them on the job. Then she painted them. There's Pamela. She's shown working at a Boeing aircraft factory in Everett, Washington, wiring a plane. There's Nina, a farmer. And Edwin, a New York City police officer, and so on.
Student participation is a huge part of AMP. So far, it has worked with 15,000 students, from preschool to high school, in 17 states. In West Virginia, fifth graders from Ceredo Elementary School worked with a glassblower to make a 42 foot picture of water on which a fishing boat is floating. In New Mexico, kids made ceramic tiles(瓷砖). They're pieced together to form the red and white shirt of a mechanic named Stitch. Kathy Reddy teaches art in Fairfield, Connecticut. She and her students have been involved with AMP for more than a decade.
The AMP building is a former factory. Inside, parts are still being added to the mural. Students who go to see the mural can take art classes at AMP, which also leads programs in schools. “We're really focusing on hands on, open ended creativity,” says Michelle Begley, the director of education programs. “Our school visits always get the students' hands dirty in the excitement of great art making.”
1. Who are the leading characters of the mural
A. Famous artists.
B. High school students.
C. Ordinary laborers.
D. Political figures.
2. What can we learn about Ellen Griesedieck's art project
A. It is long term team efforts.
B. It is inspired by the students.
C. It introduces local culture.
D. It is intended for the young.
3. Which aspect of students should be valued according to Michelle Begley
A. Their inner desire.
B. Their academic level.
C. Their own talent.
D. Their practical ability.
4. In which column of a newspaper can the text be found
A. Sports. B. Travel.
C. Education. D. Business.
答案及解析：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了由艺术家Ellen Griesedieck 和众多学生花费20多年的时间创作的壁画正在美国壁画项目(AMP)艺术中心展出。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Rather than display the portraits(肖像画) of the famous political figures…And Edwin, a New York City police officer, and so on. (与其展示美国历史上著名政治人物和著名伟大艺术家的肖像，Griesedieck更喜欢在美国各地的小城镇与来自不同领域的人见面来创作壁画。她在工作中给他们拍了照片。然后她把他们画了下来。这是Pamela。她在华盛顿州埃弗里特的一家波音飞机工厂工作，为一架飞机布线。Nina，一个农民。还有纽约市警察Edwin等等。)”可知，这幅壁画的主人公是来自不同领域的普通劳动者。故选C。
2. A　推理判断题，根据第三段“Student participation is a huge part of AMP…She and her students have been involved with AMP for more than a decade. (学生参与是AMP的重要组成部分。到目前为止，它已经与17个州的15 000名学生合作，从幼儿园到高中。在西弗吉尼亚州，塞雷多小学的五年级学生用吹玻璃机制作了一张42英尺高的渔船漂浮在水面上的照片。在新墨西哥州，孩子们制作瓷砖。它们被拼凑在一起，形成了一位名叫Stitch的机修工的红白衬衫。Kathy Reddy在康涅狄格州费尔菲尔德教艺术。她和她的学生已经参与AMP十多年了。)”可知，Ellen Griesedieck的壁画项目是长期的团队间相互努力的成果。故选A。
3. D　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“‘We're really focusing on hands on, open ended creativity，’ says Michelle Begley, the director of education programs.‘Our school visits always get the students' hands dirty in the excitement of great art making.’(教育项目主管Michelle Begley说：‘我们真正关注的是动手、开放式的创造力。我们的学校参观总是让学生们在制作伟大的艺术创作中的兴奋中弄脏双手。’)”可知，Michelle Begley认为学生的动手实践能力最受重视。故选D。
4. C　推理判断题。根据第一段“There's a mural(壁画) in Winsted, Connecticut, which is 5 stories tall and 120 feet long. Artist Ellen Griesedieck came up with the idea in 1999. More than 20 years in the making, the massive artwork is now on display. (康涅狄格州温斯特德有一幅壁画，高5层，长120英尺。艺术家Ellen Griesedieck在1999年提出了这个想法。经过20多年的制作，这件巨大的艺术品现在正在展出。)”可知，文章主要讲述了由艺术家Ellen Griesedieck发起的大型壁画项目，历经20多年的努力创作，终于在美国壁画项目艺术中心展出。由此可推知，本文最有可能出现在报纸的教育栏目。故选C。
B
(2025·江西九江)
Painting, the image of forms and shapes on a surface by means of drawing, has been continuously practised by humans for some 20,000 years. Together with other activities that may have originated in some ceremonies but have come to be regarded as artistic forms, such as music or dance, painting was one of the earliest ways in which man tried to express his own personality and his emerging understanding of an existence beyond the material world. Unlike music or dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have survived to the present day. The modern eye can feel great satisfaction from the 15,000 year old cave paintings by some early artists. And painting, like other arts, exhibits universal qualities that make it easy for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate.
The major existing examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and the Soviet Union. But some 5,000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were stored shifted to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighbouring regions. Therefore, Western painting is taken as symbolic painting not only in Europe but also in regions outside Europe that share a European cultural tradition—the Middle East and the Mediterranean Basin, and later the countries of the New World.
Early Western painting was in general distinguished by its concentration on the representation of the human figure, whether in the heroic context or the religious context of the early world. The Renaissance extended this tradition through a close examination of the natural world and a study of balance and harmony in the visible world. The first real break from figurative (形象的) painting came with the growth of landscape painting in the 17th and 18th centuries. The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th century in an atmosphere that was increasingly concerned with “painterly” qualities of the interaction of light and colour and the expressive qualities of paint handling. In the 20th century these interests contributed to the development of a third major tradition in Western painting—abstract painting—which tried to uncover and express the true nature of painting through action and form.
5. What do you think of painting and dance
A. Both have the origin of some music.
B. Both of their early forms have survived to the present day.
C. Neither has a history of about 20,000 years.
D. Both express the understanding of an existence.
6. Why is Western painting regarded as symbolic painting in Mediterranean Basin
A. Many early artists were born there.
B. Some early artists lived there.
C. Important paintings were preserved there.
D. Viewers there can understand it easily.
7. What did the early Western painting focus on
A. Landscape. B. Character.
C. Tradition. D. Lines.
8. What were artists of abstract painting concerned about
A. Form and action.
B. Colour and light
C. Decoration and brushes.
D. Technique and texture.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关西方绘画的历史、特点和聚焦点。
5. D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，绘画和其他可能起源于某些仪式，但后来被视为艺术形式的活动(如音乐或舞蹈)一样，绘画是人类试图表达自己个性和对物质世界之外生活方式的新兴理解的最早方式之一。故选D。
6. C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，但大约5 000年前，重要画作的存放地点转移到了地中海东部和邻近地区。故选C。
7. B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，无论是在英雄背景下还是在早期世界的宗教背景下，早期西方绘画的特点一般是注重人物形象的表现。故选B。
8. A　细节理解题。根据全文最后一句可知，在20世纪，这些兴趣促成了西方绘画第三个主要传统的发展——抽象绘画——它试图通过动作和形式来揭示和表达绘画的真实本质。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·山东日照)
Ukrainian artist Olesya Galushcenko is an engineer who got into porcelain (瓷) flower making as a personal challenge. Seven years ago, she decided to __1__ a project that involved using her __2__, and a decorative flower bouquet (花束) caught her eye. Soon she started paying attention to cold porcelain. But she refused to __3__ classes and decided to learn the __4__ by herself.
While __5__ with porcelain, Olesya realized that in order to __6__ almost perfect flower reproductions, every little part of the __7__ she was copying needed to be perfect. So she __8__ taking every flower apart and making molds (模具) of every element.
After making the molds, the __9__ artist created the frame of the bouquet from wire covered in tape. Everything was then __10__ coated in porcelain. The porcelain masterpieces needed about a day to __11__.
Provided that the artist __12__ from early morning until late at night, she can create one rose in a __13__. Olesya Galushcenko's creations are not exactly __14__ but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works.
Each porcelain flower that comes out of Olesya Galushcenko's hands is one of a kind, and, if properly cared for, can __15__ forever. She recommends keeping them out of direct sunlight and excessive moisture, carefully wiping them with a damp cloth.
1. A.put aside B. put off
C. take on D. take down
2. A.eyes B. hands
C. strength D. courage
3. A.set up B. give up
C. account for D. pay for
4. A.skill B. service
C. origin D. shape
5. A.matching B. playing
C. experimenting D. battling
6. A.observe B. achieve
C. restore D. maintain
7. A.flowers B. molds
C. tools D. leaves
8. A.admitted B. avoided
C. delayed D. started
9. A.proud B. optimistic
C. talented D. anxious
10. A.roughly B. carefully
C. temporarily D. hurriedly
11. A.dry B. copy
C. display D. sell
12. A.draws B. comes
C. carves D. works
13. A.week B. month
C. day D. year
14. A.cheap B. priceless
C. disappointing D. exciting
15. A.shine B. grow
C. fruit D. last
答案及解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了乌克兰艺术家Olesya Galushcenko自己研究制作了瓷花，并且非常受欢迎。
1. C　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：七年前，她决定从事一个用手工艺品制作的项目，一个装饰性的花束引起了她的注意。A.put aside搁置；B.put off延期；C.take on从事；D.take down写下。根据下文“a project”以及“Soon she started paying attention to cold porcelain.”可知，她想从事一个项目。故选C。
2. B　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.eyes眼睛；B.hands手；C.strength力气；D.courage勇气。根据下文Olesya制作各种模具可知，这位艺术家是用自己的手来制作瓷花。故选B。
3. D　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但她拒绝花钱上课，并决定自学这项技能。A.set up建立；B.give up放弃；C.account for解释；D.pay for付钱。根据下文的“decided to learn the __4__ herself”可知，她拒绝另外花钱上课，选择自学。故选D。
4. A　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.skill技能；B.service服务；C.origin起源；D.shape形状。根据上文“Seven years ago, she decided to __1__ a project that involved using her __2__, and a decorative flower bouquet (花束) caught her eye.”可推断，她所要学习的是一项技能。故选A。
5. C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在用瓷做实验时，Olesya意识到，要想复制出近乎完美的花朵，她所复制的花朵的每一个小部分都必须完美。A.matching相配；B.playing玩；C.experimenting做实验；D.battling与……作战。根据下文Olesya制作单独的模具可知，她是用瓷做实验的时候意识到每一部分都要完美。故选C。
6. B　考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.observe观察；B.achieve实现；C.restore恢复；D.maintain维持。根据空后的宾语“almost perfect flower reproductions”可推断，空处指的是“达到，实现”完美的复制。故选B。
7. A　考查名词词义辨析。句意见第5题解析。A.flowers花朵；B.molds模具；C.tools工具；D.leaves树叶。根据上文的“almost perfect flower reproductions”可知，此处指的是花朵的每一部分。故选A。
8. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是她开始把每朵花拆开，把每一种元素都做成模具。A.admitted承认；B.avoided避免；C.delayed耽误；D.started开始。根据上文内容可知，在实验尝试的阶段，她明白花朵的每一部分都要完美，花朵才会完美。由此可推断，她有了这种意识后，开始将每朵花拆开。故选D。
9. C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在制作完模具后，这位才华横溢的艺术家用胶带包裹的金属丝制作出花束的框架。A.proud自豪的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.talented有天赋的，才华横溢的；D.anxious焦虑的，渴望的。根据下文“Olesya Galushcenko's creations are not exactly __14__ but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works.”可知，很多人购买她所制作的瓷花，说明她的瓷花做得非常好。由此可推断，她是个才华横溢的艺术家。故选C。
10. B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，所有的东西都被仔细地涂上一层瓷。A.roughly粗略地；B.carefully仔细地；C.temporarily暂时地；D.hurriedly匆忙地。根据上文“While __5__ with porcelain, Olesya realized that in order to __6__ almost perfect flower reproductions, every little part of the __7__ she was copying needed to be perfect.”可知，想要制作精美的瓷花，花朵的每一部分都要完美。由此可推断，花朵的所有部分都被仔细地涂上一层瓷。故选B。
11. A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些瓷器杰作大约需要一天的时间才能晾干。A.dry使变干；B.copy复制；C.display展示；D.sell卖。根据上文“Everything was then __10__ coated in porcelain.”可知，所有的东西都被仔细地涂上一层瓷，结合常识可知，瓷一开始是湿的，涂上后需要晾干。故选A。
12. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这位艺术家从清晨工作到深夜，她一天可以创作一朵玫瑰。A.draws拖；B.comes来；C.carves雕刻；D.works工作。根据下文“she can create one rose in a __13__ ”可知，此处指的是这位艺术家从早工作到晚。故选D。
13. C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这位艺术家从清晨工作到深夜，她一天可以创作一朵玫瑰。A.week周；B.month月；C.day天；D.year年。根据上文“from early morning until late at night”可推知，创作一朵玫瑰需要这位艺术家从清晨工作到深夜，花费一天的时间。故选C。
14. A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Olesya Galushcenko的作品并不便宜，但总是有买家排队购买她的作品。A.cheap便宜的；B.priceless无价的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.exciting令人兴奋的。根据空后“but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works”中的“but”可推断，作者想要表达的是虽然瓷花不便宜，但总有买家排队买。故选A。
15. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：Olesya Galushcenko手中的每一朵瓷花都是独一无二的，如果照顾得当，它们可以永远保存下去。A.shine发光；B.grow生长；C.fruit结果实；D.last持续，维持。根据空后的“forever”以及下文“She recommends keeping them out of direct sunlight and excessive moisture, carefully wiping them with a damp cloth.”可推断，只要保养得当，瓷花可以保存很久。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·湖南长沙)
In the main cultural venue of Jiaxing City's Xiuzhou District, Zhejiang Province, a few elderly women are using their imagination and some bright colors 1.__________ (paint) the wonderful scenes of life in Jiangnan, or “south of the Yangtze River”. They are members of a farmer painter group 2.__________ (know) as the “Ten Sisters”, formed in 2009. The group has 12 rural residents, the oldest of 3.__________ is 76 years old and the youngest 61.
In fact, the group didn't start out from painting. As dancing enthusiasts, the farmers went to the district's cultural venue to participate in activities. In 2009, they 4.__________ (ask) whether they would like to learn painting by an institution. “At first, we all thought we couldn't make 5.__________. I was uneducated，” Dong Aina, one of the members, recalls. “6.__________ under the guidance of our instructors, I grew more and more at ease with painting.” In the past years, over 50 paintings by the “Ten Sisters” 7.__________ (win) awards at national and provincial pared to other genres, farmers painting in China is 8.________ (relative) new. Born from folk traditions, it took roots in rural areas in 9.__________ 1950s after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, and generally refers to works created by amateur artists who are farmers, herders or fishermen.
In 2019, Xiuzhou was named a “hometown of Chinese folk culture and art” by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Farmers painting has also entered the market, and related 10.__________ (product) such as silk scarves, hats and shoes are bringing economic benefits to the locals.
答案及解析：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在浙江省嘉兴市秀洲区的主要文化场所，几位老年妇女用她们的想象力和一些鲜艳的色彩描绘江南生活的美好景象的事情。
1. to paint　考查非谓语动词。句意：在浙江省嘉兴市秀洲区的主要文化场所，几位老年妇女正在用她们的想象力和一些鲜艳的色彩描绘着江南生活的美好景象。use sth. to do sth. (用某物做某事)是固定短语，不定式作目的状语。故填to paint。
2. known　考查非谓语动词。句意：她们是2009年成立的“十姐妹”农民画家团体的成员。be known as (被称为)是固定搭配，此处为非谓语形式作后置定语，用过去分词known表被动。故填known。
3. whom　考查定语从句。句意：该团体有12名农村居民，其中年龄最大的76岁，最小的61岁。分析可知，此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为12 rural residents，指代人，关系词替代先行词在介词of后作宾语，用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
4. were asked　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2009年，她们被问及是否愿意在机构学习绘画。分析可知，谓语动词ask和主语they之间是被动关系，根据时间状语In 2009可知，应用一般过去时，且主语是复数形式，be动词应用were。故填were asked。
5. it　考查固定搭配。句意：一开始，我们都认为我们做不到。make it“获得成功”是固定搭配。故填it。
6. But　考查连词。句意：但在老师的指导下，我对绘画越来越自如了。后文和前文之间是转折关系，用表转折的并列连词but，句首字母需大写。故填But。
7. have won　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，“十姐妹”的50余幅作品在全国及省级比赛中获奖。根据时间状语In the past years可知，谓语动词win应用现在完成时，且主语是复数形式。故填have won。
8. relatively　考查副词。句意：与其他流派相比，中国的农民画相对较新。修饰形容词new用副词relatively作状语。故填relatively。
9. the　考查冠词。句意：它起源于民间传统，在1949年中华人民共和国成立后的20世纪50年代扎根于农村地区，通常是指农民、牧民或渔民的业余艺术家创作的作品。英语表示年代前都要加定冠词the，in the 1950s“20世纪50年代”是习惯表达。故填the。
10. products　考查名词复数。句意：农民画也进入了市场，丝巾、丝绸帽子、丝绸鞋等相关产品给当地人带来了经济效益。product指具体商品时为可数名词。故填products。
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