【高考突破方案】语法第二讲 冠词 高考一轮总复习英语 （教师版） 译林版

第2讲　冠词
Ⅰ.冠词的概念：冠词是一种虚词，用在名词或名词词组的前面，表示名词是特指或是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有a、an；定冠词有the。
Ⅱ.不定冠词的用法
1 a＋辅音音素；an＋元音音素 a European girl, a useful book, a university student, a one eyed goat, a united class, an hour ago, an honour, an honest person
2 表示“一个”，与数词one相同 Rome was not built in a day.罗马非一日建成。 A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
3 表示某个不确定的人和物，相当于a、certain、some，常意为“某一个，一个叫……的人” In a sense, both were right. 在某种意义上，两者都对。 A Mr.White is asking for you on the phone. 一个叫怀特的人打电话找你。
4 表示“相同”，相当于the same They are nearly of a height. 他们几乎一样高。 Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚。
5 表示“每一”，相当于per, 用于表示时间、重量、长度等单位的名词前 800 dollars a ton, three times a day, four yuan a dozen, 90 miles an hour, twice a week, 60 pounds a kilometer
6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit of, a few/little, as a result, once upon a time, in a hurry, many a time, in a word, once at a time, as a rule, have a fever
7 a＋most 表示“很，非常” We spent a most agreeable day together. 我们一起度过了非常愉快的一天。
8 “a(n)＋名词”作表语，表职业 Grey is a surgeon. 格雷是一名外科医生。 ★She became a(＝turned) violinist after she grew up. 长大后，她成了一名小提琴家。
9 用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种/一份/一阵/一场/一番”等意思 Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough days.在那些艰苦的日子里，能够买得起一杯饮料是一种安慰。
10 用于首次提到的单数可数名词前 There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 I'm going to buy a computer.我要买一台电脑。
续表
11 用于quite、rather、many、half、what、such之后 He is quite a serious person.他是个相当严肃的人。 Many a parent tries to act out their unrealized dreams through their children. 许多家长试图通过孩子实现他们未能实现的梦想。 She lives just half a mile away.她就住在半英里之外。 What a shame they can't come. 他们不能来了，真是遗憾。 It is such an amazing legend！多令人惊讶的传奇！
12 用于“so/as/too/how/however＋形容词”之后 He is so capable a leader that we all support him. 他是一位很有能力的领导，我们都支持他。 How loving and gracious a mother she is! 她是一位多么和蔼可亲的母亲！ However hot a day it is, he won't take off his hat. 不管天气多热，他都不摘下帽子。
13 用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人和物 a success成功的人或事；a shame 带来耻辱的人或事；a pity 可惜或遗憾的事；a must 必需、必备的事；a good education 良好的教育；a great help 巨大的帮助；an honour 一种荣幸；a pleasure 一种乐趣
14 用在可数名词前，泛指一类人或物 A horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。 Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally respected.任何人，无论是官员还是公交车司机，都应该得到同等的尊重。
Ⅲ. 定冠词的用法
1 用于表示整个属类的单数可数名词前，表示一类事物 The whale is a mammal. 鲸鱼是一种哺乳动物。 The heart pumps blood around the body. 心脏把血液输送到全身。
2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the world, the equator, the sky
3 用于说话双方都了解的、上文提到过的人和事前，或者表示特定的人和事物前 Don't worry if you can't come to the party. I'll save some cake for you. 要是来不了派对你也别担心。我会给你留些蛋糕。 Lily has a pet dog. The dog is lovely. 莉莉有只宠物狗。这条狗很可爱。
4 用于西洋乐器、文娱场所前 play the piano (the guitar, the violin, the flute, the drum) go to the theater (the concert, the cinema, the party) ★用汉语拼音表示的乐器前不用冠词：play erhu, play pipa
5 用于形容词和分词前，表示一类人 the young, the living, the evil, the wounded, the lost
6 用于复数的姓氏前，表示一家人或夫妇二人 The Whites settled down in Canada last year.怀特一家去年在加拿大定居了。 The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children. 史密斯夫妇因教养孩子得当而受到表扬。
7 用于序数词、形容词和副词最高级前，形容词和副词特定的比较级前 He'd always be the first to offer to help.他总是第一个主动提出帮忙。 It's the most marvellous piece of music.这是最美妙的一篇乐章。 ★Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two 你知道这两个故事哪个更有趣吗
8 用于国家、党派、机构、公共建筑物、报纸、杂志、朝代、江河湖海、山川群岛的名词前 the United Kingdom, the Communist Party of China, the United Nations, the WTO, the Summer Palace, The New York Times, the Tang Dynasty, the Yangtze River, the Red Sea, the Taiwan Straits, the Sahara Desert
9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented by Chinese 2，000 years ago.指南针是两千年以前中国人发明的。
续表
10 用于逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1870s　19世纪70年代
11 用于表示计量的名词前 by the yard (the pound, the kilo, the ton) ★by volume (按体积), by weight (按重量)
12 用于表示方位、方向的名词前 in the east (the west, the north, the south) keep to the right, turn to the left, in the middle
13 用于抓、打人体某个部位的名词前，常见的此类动词有take、catch、hold、seize、pull、hit、pat、lead、strike等。常用的介词有in、on、by等 take (catch, seize) sb. by the arm (the hair, the hand) pat (hit, strike) sb. in the face (the eye, the stomach) lead sb. by the nose
Ⅳ.常见的含冠词的固定搭配
常见的含有不定冠词的固定搭配 a great deal 大量；in a moment 立刻；in a hurry 急匆匆地；catch a cold 患感冒；do sb. a favor 帮某人忙；get in a word 插话；go out for a walk 出去散步；have a cold/cough/fever/headache/pain 感冒/咳嗽/发烧/头疼/疼痛；have a gift for… 有……天赋；have a good time 玩得开心；make a face 做鬼脸；make an effort 努力；make a living 谋生；make a start 开始(着手); make an apology 道歉；make it a rule 定为常规；pay a visit to 参观；take a seat 坐下；take a message for… 给……捎个口信
常见的含有定冠词的固定搭配 表示一天中的时间 in the morning 在早晨/上午；in the afternoon 在下午；in the evening 在晚上
表示地点、方向、时间等 at the moment 此刻；at the corner 在拐角处；at the age of 在……岁时；at the same time 同时；at the foot of… 在……的脚下；in the meantime 其间，同时；in the middle of… 在……的中间；in the end 最终；in the year of 1982在1982年；at the top/bottom of… 在……的顶部/底部；at the beginning/end of… 在……的开端/末端
其他搭配 all the best 祝一切顺利，万事如意；all the same 尽管如此；by the way 顺便说一下；in the way 挡道；go to the cinema 去看电影；to tell the truth 说实话；in the dark 在黑暗中；in the habit of… 习惯于……；to the point 简洁中肯；on the other hand 另一方面；on the contrary 正相反；on the whole 大体上；in the air 在传播中，流行，可感觉到；make the bed 铺床
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1. Then we head out, and sometimes perform tasks for hours at __________ time, with the beautiful Earth visible below.
2. He worked hard at his study. As __________ result, he passed the exam easily.
3. My six month stay on a space station has come to __________ end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.
4. Set in __________ 1960s, it's not surprising that the family has to deal with lots of social changes.
5. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ____________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
6. Tom is ________ honest and reliable student. Therefore, we recommend him to be the monitor.
7. The tour will provide __________ unique opportunity to live with a British family in ____________ hope that you will have a better understanding of the UK.
8. Shopping online will never take __________ place of shopping in stores, because many people find shopping at a store __________ great enjoyment.
9. In order to find __________ better job, he decided to study __________ second foreign language.
10. —Could you tell me the way to __________ Johnsons please
—Sorry, we don't have __________ Johnson here in the village.
11. As you know, science plays __________ very important role in our education.
12. The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as __________ investigative tool.
13. Table tennis is now a fast, high tech sport and has __________ most players of all sports in the world.
14. In Australia, which has the highest number of food advertisements in children's television in the world, there are __________ average of 12 food ads per hour.
15. There are __________ number of books in the library and __________ number of them is increasing.
答案及解析：1.a　句意：然后我们出发，有时一次执行几个小时的任务，下面可以看到美丽的地球。根据“sometimes perform tasks for hours”可知，此处是指一次执行几个小时的任务，at a time意为“一次”，此处应用不定冠词a。
2. a　as a result是固定词组，表示“因此，结果”。
3. an　句意：我在空间站的6个月的停留已经结束了，这是一次充满挑战但又神奇的冒险。此处为固定短语come to an end意为“结束”符合句意，所以此处应为不定冠词an。
4. the　句意：背景设定在20世纪60年代，这一家人不得不应对许多社会变化，这不足为奇。in the 1960s意为“在20世纪60年代”。
5. a　for a while是固定词组，表示“一会儿”。
6. an　句意：汤姆是一个诚实可靠的学生。因此，我们推荐他当班长。student在此处是泛指，应用不定冠词；且honest是以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
7. a; the　provide a unique opportunity“提供一个特别的机会”，注意形容词unique的发音，不是元音音素开头，故用a; in the hope that…“怀着……的希望”，为固定搭配。
8. the; a　take the place of是固定词组，表示“代替”；enjoyment本来是抽象名词，表示“快乐，享受”，这里是抽象名词具体化，表示“令人愉快的事”。
9. a; a　句意：为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学习一门外语。第一个a表示泛指；a second language表示“第二外语”。
10. the; a　在姓氏的复数前面必须要加the, 来表示这一家人；在第二句中，我们村没有叫Johnson的人，这里应该是泛指，所以应该用a。
11. a　句意：正如你所知，科学在我们的教育中起着非常重要的作用。设空处后的名词role在本句中表示泛指，故填不定冠词；且very的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
12. an　句意：因特网是一种令人惊叹的信息资源。学生、老师和研究人员都将其作为一种调查工具使用。设空处后的名词tool在本句中表示泛指，故填不定冠词；设空处后的investigative的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
13. the　句意：乒乓球运动现在是一项速度快、高科技的运动，拥有全世界所有体育运动中最多的运动员。根据语境可知，此处表示最高级，形容词最高级前须填定冠词the。
14. an　句意：澳大利亚是世界上在儿童电视节目中插播食物广告数量最多的国家，平均每小时有12条食物广告。an average of…是固定词组，表示“平均……”。
15. a; the　句意：图书馆里有很多书，而且数量还在增加。第一个空表示“许多……”，为a number of。第二个空表示“……的数量”，为the number of。故填a; the。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·江苏南京)
As the summer vacation goes on, museums remain in the spotlight, with crowds of visitors 1.__________ (long) to immerse themselves in rich traditional culture, which reflects a significant rise in people's passion for culture. It came as a result of President Xi Jinping's consistent promotion of traditional Chinese culture and his call for museums to bring cultural relics to life, as well as his 2.__________ (emphasize) on mutual learning between civilizations.
Xi 3.__________ (highlight) on many occasions that China's fine traditional culture is the “root and soul” of the Chinese nation, 4.__________ he has called, during visits to museums and cultural sites across the nation in the past few years, for a better employment of cultural relics and for making them “alive”.
To attract more visitors, many institutions have transitioned from 5.__________ (they) role as only collectors and protectors of artworks and antiques to also becoming cultural service providers. From concerts and digital immersive experiences to children's plays, museums and cultural institutions are coming up with 6.__________ (innovate) ways to entertain as well as educate the public.
Henan Museum in Zhengzhou, the capital of Central China's Henan Province, hosts concerts for museum visitors 7.__________ feature musicians playing ancient pieces of music with traditional instruments that are replicas of antiques collected by the museum, some of which were used more than 2,000 years ago. 8.__________ clothing styles of the musicians are in line with the dynasties during which their specific instruments were 9.__________ (original) played. During the Spring Festival in February, the museum welcomed about 100,000 visitors, and concert tickets were hard 10.__________ (obtain).
答案及解析：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了博物馆在假期期间受到欢迎，成为一个旅游景点。
1. longing　考查非谓语动词。句意：随着暑假的继续，博物馆仍然是人们关注的焦点，成群的游客渴望沉浸在丰富的传统文化中，这反映了人们对文化的热情显著上升。空处为非谓语动词，visitors与long在逻辑上是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填longing。
2. emphasis　考查名词。句意：这是习近平主席一贯倡导弘扬中国传统文化，呼吁博物馆将文物活起来，以及强调不同文明互鉴的结果。设空处作宾语，应用名词形式emphasis，不可数。故填emphasis。
3. has highlighted　考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：习近平主席在许多场合强调，中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的“根与魂”。在过去几年里，他在访问全国各地的博物馆和文化遗址时，呼吁更好地利用文物，让它们“活”起来。根据句意可知，设空处表示过去动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。主语为第三人称单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填has highlighted。
4. and　考查连词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，设空处连接两个并列句，应用连词and。故填and。
5. their　考查代词。句意：为了吸引更多的游客，许多机构已经从只作为艺术品和古董的收藏家和保护者的角色转变为文化服务提供者。空后有名词role，前面应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
6. innovative　考查形容词。句意：从音乐会、数字沉浸式体验到儿童戏剧，博物馆和文化机构正在想出创新的方式来娱乐和教育公众。设空处作定语修饰ways，应用形容词形式innovative。 故填innovative。
7. that/which　考查定语从句。句意：位于中国中部河南省省会郑州的河南博物馆为博物馆游客举办音乐会，音乐家们用博物馆收藏的古董复制品演奏古代音乐，其中一些是2 000多年前使用的。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为concerts，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
8. The　考查冠词。句意：音乐家的服装风格与他们最初演奏的特定乐器的朝代一致。表示特指，应用定冠词the。首字母大写。故填The。
9. originally　考查副词。句意同上。设空处作状语修饰动词played，应用副词形式originally。故填originally。
10. to obtain　考查非谓语动词。句意：在2月份的春节期间，博物馆接待了大约10万名游客，门票很难买到。本句为“be＋形容词＋to do”的用法。故填to obtain。
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