【高考突破方案】语法第六讲 介词与介词的搭配 高考一轮总复习英语 （教师版） 译林版

第6讲　介词与介词的搭配
Ⅰ.介词的概念：介词是虚词，表示名词、代词等和句中其他词之间的关系。介词不能单独充当成分，通常放在名词、代词等词之前构成介词短语，介词后面的代词必须用宾格。
Ⅱ.常用介词
表示方位的介词 above, across, along, among, around, at, below, beside, between, down, in, inside, into, near, off, on, outside, over, through, to, towards, under, up
表示时间的介词 after, at, before, by, during, for, from, in, on, over, since, through, till, until, within, between
表示工具、手段、方式的介词 by, on, over, with, in
表示原因的介词 with, for, from, of, over
表示支持、反对的介词 for, against
其他常用介词 besides, except, but, without, beyond, about
Ⅲ.常见的介词固定搭配
1. 与动词构成的搭配
act as 充当，担任
approve of 赞成
adapt to 适应
apply for 申请
agree with 同意
appeal to 吸引
belong to 属于
bring about 引起，造成
bring in 引入，挣
call at 停靠
call for 需要
call on 拜访(某人)
care for 喜欢；照顾
care about 在意，关心
cater for 满足需要，迎合
come across 偶遇
consist of 由……构成
concentrate on 专心于，集中于
dream of 梦到
depend/rely on 依靠
date from/back to 追溯到
deal with 处理
devote…to… 投身于，致力于
discourage/prevent…from… 阻止……做……
focus on 集中
get through 通过，完成
go against 违背
go with 伴随
go without没有……也行
insist on 坚持
look into 调查，研究
lead to 通向，导致
refer to 谈到，涉及；查阅
stick to 坚持
result from 由于
result in 导致
run for 竞选
run after 追赶
run across/into 偶遇
see to 处理，负责
set about 开始做
suffer from 遭受
succeed in 成功做……
search for 搜寻
take in 吸收
take on 呈现
think of 想起，考虑到
2. 与名词构成的搭配
(1)“at＋n.”表示状态
at peace 处于和平中
at war 在战争中
at work 在工作
(2)“on＋n.”表示状态
on exhibition/show 在展出
on fire 着火
on sale 出售；打折
(3)“by＋n.”表示方式
by air/plane 乘飞机
by accident/chance 偶然
by coincidence 碰巧
(4)“in＋n.”表示方式
in cash 用现金付款
in detail 详细地
in depth 在深度上
in height 在高度上
(5)“of＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of benefit 有益处的
of help 有帮助的
(6)“out of＋n.”表示状态
out of balance 失去平衡
out of breath 上气不接下气
(7)“with＋n.”表示方式
with delight/joy 高兴地
with difficulty 困难地
3. 与形容词构成的搭配
(1)be＋adj.＋about
be anxious about 忧虑
be curious about 对……好奇
(2)be＋adj.＋at
be angry at 对……生气
be good at 擅长
(3)be＋adj.＋in
be absorbed in 专注于
be dressed in 穿着
be engaged in 忙于
(4)be＋adj.＋for
be eager for 渴望
be famous for 以……著名
be fit for 适合，胜任
(5)be＋adj.＋from
be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
(6)be＋adj.＋to
be close to 接近
be equal to 等于
be familiar to 对……来说熟悉
(7)be＋adj.＋of
be aware of 意识到
be fond of 喜欢
(8)be＋adj.＋with
be busy with 忙于
be familiar with 对……熟悉
be patient with 对……有耐心　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1. It is important to know what colours look good __________ your skin before you buy clothes.
2. You're likely to get the flu if you wear a short dress with your arms and legs exposed __________ the cold.
3. She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went __________ the road.
4. It's __________ great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious.
5. On Saturday, millions of parents watching the show disapproved of the “endless” ads delaying the show __________ 12 minutes.
6. Walt Disney took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer __________ the age of 18.
7. A total of 956 swimmers from 31 countries and regions, __________ (include) the United States, Russia and Britain, will take part in the enjoyable event.
8. In the 1950s, when jetliners were starting to become mainstream, the De Havilland Comet came __________ fashion.
9. Worried that the mother goose would attack him if he got close __________ the baby, Givens called the local SPCA chapter.
10. My parents and teachers were surprised __________ my bad performance.
11. Scientists think they are beginning to break __________ in the fight against cancer.
12. __________ the wind and the rain, I still enjoy working outside in the wild.
13. So scientists have come up __________ a shocking idea.
14. __________ electricity, life would not be so convenient today.
15. A large number of people think the truth has been covered up __________ purpose.
答案及解析：1.against　句意：在购买衣服前，了解什么样的颜色衬你的肤色很重要。此处要用介词against，表示“在……衬托下，以……为背景”。
2. to　be exposed to…意为“暴露在……”，为固定搭配，这里为过去分词短语在with的复合结构中作宾补。
3. off　句意：她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。off “离开，偏离”。
4. of　句意：如果你感到担心或焦虑，寻求帮助并且让人们知道你的感受是非常重要的。be＋of＋抽象名词＝be＋名词的同源形容词。
5. by　句意：周六，几百万观看该节目的家长对冗长的广告将节目推迟12分钟，表达了不满。设空处与后面的12 minutes表示推迟的幅度，故填by。
6. at　at the age of “在……岁时”。
7. including　句意：来自包括美国、俄罗斯、英国等31个国家和地区的共956名游泳选手将参加这一令人愉快的赛事。including为介词，意为“包括”。
8. into　句意：20世纪50年代，当喷气式客机开始成为主流时，德·哈维兰彗星型客机开始流行起来。come into fashion“成为时尚”。
9. to　句意：担心如果靠近小鹅，母鹅会攻击他，于是吉文斯打电话给当地的爱护动物协会分会。get close to“靠近”。
10. at　句意：我的父母和老师对我糟糕的表现感到很惊讶。be surprised at“对……感到惊讶”。
11. through　句意：科学家们认为他们在抗击癌症方面开始有所突破。根据句意可知，空处表示“突破”，应为固定短语break through。
12. Despite　句意：尽管刮风下雨，我仍然喜欢在外面的野外工作。根据句意可知，句子的前半部分是让步状语，根据空后名词短语“the wind and the rain”可知，空处应填介词despite“尽管”，表示一种让步关系，即尽管有某种不利条件存在，但后文所述的情况仍然成立，句首单词首字母大写。故填Despite。
13. with　come up with “想出，提出”。
14. Without　句意：没有电，现在的生活就不会如此方便。根据句意，介词without表示“没有”。
15. on　on purpose“故意”。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·安徽合肥)
China is one of the few countries that can trace its existence back over thousands of years to 221 BC, 1.__________ it was united by the Qin Dynasty. In ancient times, civil wars or foreign invasions divided China into rival kingdoms, 2.__________ after every period of disturbance, China would always come into one united country.
Over history, the Chinese people created their language and their civilization. Their 3.__________ (write) characters appeared in the Shang Dynasty in the second millennium BC. Their 4.__________ (invent), especially paper, printing, gunpowder and the compass, 5.__________ (remarkable) transformed the fortunes of the whole humanity. They are the key to 6.__________ (understand) why China's economy was among the largest in the world for 20 of the last 22 centuries, and why a third of global GDP in 1820 was composed 7.__________ Chinese market, more than America, the UK and Europe combined. Over the last 45 years, the world 8.__________ (see) another astonishing reversal of China. By releasing the enterprising genius of its people, China has achieved the 9.__________ (great) and fastest economic expansion the world has ever known. Under the leadership of the CPC, no less than 800 million people have lifted 10.__________ (they) out of poverty in a nation that has a fifth of all humanity and a vast area almost as large as Europe.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的历史发明以及经济发展。
1. when　考查定语从句。句意：中国是少数几个可以追溯到公元前221年的国家之一，当时它被秦朝统一。空格处为非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为221 BC表示时间，关系词在从句中作状语，所以用when。故填when。
2. but　考查连词。句意：在古代，内战或外族入侵将中国分割成敌对的王国，但在每一个动荡时期后，中国总是会成为一个统一的国家。“civil wars or foreign invasions divided China into rival kingdoms”与“China would always come into one united country”之间为转折关系，所以用连词but。故填but。
3. written　考查形容词。句意：他们的文字符号出现在公元前两千年的商朝。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，此处指的是“文字符号”，所以用written，作定语修饰characters。故填written。
4. inventions　考查名词。句意：他们的发明，尤其是造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针，极大地改变了整个人类的命运。空格处位于形容词性物主代词之后，因此需要填入名词，invent的名词为invention，此处指的是多种发明，所以要用复数。故填inventions。
5. remarkably　考查副词。句意同上。空格处位于动词之前，修饰动词，所以需要填入副词remarkably。故填remarkably。
6. understanding　考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是理解为什么中国经济在过去22个世纪中有20个世纪是世界上最大的经济体之一，以及为什么中国市场在1820年占全球GDP的三分之一，超过美国、英国和欧洲的总和的关键。to为介词，介词之后需要加动名词。故填understanding。
7. of　考查介词。句意同上。be composed of“由……组成”。故填of。
8. has seen　考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的45年里，世界见证了中国又一次惊人的逆转。空格处需要填入谓语动词，句子的时间状语为“Over the last 45 years”，所以需要用现在完成时，且主语the world为第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has seen。
9. greatest　考查形容词。句意：通过释放其人民的进取天赋，中国实现了世界上有史以来最大和最快的经济扩张。空格处与fastest并列，所以要用形容词最高级。故填greatest。
10. themselves　考查代词。句意：在中国共产党的领导下，在一个人口占世界五分之一、面积几乎和欧洲一样大的国家，不少于8亿人摆脱了贫困。空格处需要填入的代词指代主语，所以需要用反身代词。故填themselves。
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