【高考突破方案】语法第十五讲 构词法 高考一轮总复习英语 (教师版) 译林版

文档属性

名称 【高考突破方案】语法第十五讲 构词法 高考一轮总复习英语 (教师版) 译林版
格式 DOCX
文件大小 77.1KB
资源类型 试卷
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2025-12-12 00:00:00

图片预览

文档简介

第15讲 构词法
Ⅰ.动词、形容词转化为名词
1.动词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
?ion/
?tion/
?sion/
?ation
affect→affection 喜爱,钟爱    attract→attraction 吸引    conclude→conclusion 结论;结束 admit→admission 承认,准许加入 permit→permission 许可,允许 decide→decision 决定
expect→expectation 期望 invite→invitation 邀请 explain→explanation 解释 combine→combination 结合;组合
?er/?or
gather→gatherer 收集者,采集者     design→designer 设计者    invade→invader 侵略者 conduct→conductor 指挥;售票员 compete→competitor 竞争者 edit→editor 编辑
educate→educator 教育工作者;教育家 operate→operator 操作员;接线员 sail→sailor 水手,海员 survive→survivor 幸存者,生还者
?ment
punish→punishment 惩罚    achieve→achievement 功绩,成就  argue→argument 辩论;论据 treat→treatment 对待;治疗
equip→equipment 装备;设备 govern→government 政府
?ance/
?ence
endure→endurance 忍耐力 guide→guidance 指导
perform→performance 表演;表现 exist→existence 存在
prefer→preference 喜爱,偏爱 refer→reference 参考,查阅
compete→competence 能力,胜任
?ure/
?ture
fail→failure 失败;倒闭        press→pressure 压力
depart→departure 离开,出发 mix→mixture 混合;混合物
?y
recover→recovery 恢复,痊愈      discover→discovery 发现
?ing
hear→hearing 听力,听觉        begin→beginning 开始
?al
arrive→arrival 到达  survive→survival 幸存;幸存者  approve→approval 赞成,认可
其他
choose→choice 选择           vary→variety 多样化;不同种类
tend→tendency 趋向,趋势 grow→growth 成长,生长
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
?age
short→shortage 不足,短缺
?cy
efficient→efficiency 效率,功效   fluent→fluency 流利;流畅  accurate→accuracy 准确性 private→privacy隐私,私密
?dom
free→freedom 自由         wise→wisdom明智,智慧
?ence
different→difference 差异      silent→silence 沉默
?ness
weak→weakness 虚弱;弱点     ill→illness 疾病    
careless→carelessness 粗心大意 sick→sickness 疾病;恶心
fit→fitness 健康 happy→happiness 幸福,快乐
?th
strong→strength 力气;强项     warm→warmth 温暖;热情
?y/?ty/?ity
honest→honesty 诚实   difficult→difficulty 困难    
cruel→cruelty 残酷,残暴 safe→safety 安全
disable→disability 缺陷,障碍 responsible→responsibility 责任
  Ⅱ.名词、动词转化为形容词
后缀
例词
?able
accept→acceptable 可接受的   comfort→comfortable 舒适的  fashion→fashionable 时髦的 suit→suitable 合适的
reason→reasonable 有道理的,合理的
?al
agriculture→agricultural 农业的    magic→magical 有魔力的;奇妙的
culture→cultural 文化的 music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的 centre→central 中央的;在中心的
nature→natural 自然的;天生的 person→personal 个人的,私人的
logic→logical 合逻辑的;合情理的
?ful
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的       forget→forgetful 健忘的     harm→harmful 有害的 peace→peaceful 和平的
grace→graceful 优雅的
?ed
scare→scared 感到恐惧的        confuse→confused 感到困惑的
underline→underlined 画线的 determine→determined 坚定的
complicate→complicated 复杂的,难懂的
distinguish→distinguished 著名的,卓越的
?ing
convince→convincing 令人信服的    encourage→encouraging 鼓舞人心的
amaze→amazing 令人吃惊的 fascinate→fascinating 迷人的
?ible
access→accessible 可进入的;可使用的 horror→horrible 可怕的,恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的 sense→sensible 明智的
response→responsible 有责任,负责
?ive
effect→effective 有效的;生效的     impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的 expense→expensive 昂贵的
?ous
continue→continuous 不断的,持续的 anxiety→anxious 忧虑的
caution→cautious 十分小心的,谨慎的 humour→humourous 幽默的
ambition→ambitious 有雄心的,有野心的
续表
后缀
例词
?some
tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的    awe→awesome 令人惊叹的    trouble→troublesome 麻烦的
?y
taste→tasty 美味的,可口的    health→healthy 健康的     
wealth→wealthy 富裕的 dust→dusty 积满灰尘的
guilt→guilty 有罪的;感到内疚的 mess→messy 凌乱的,脏的
greed→greedy 贪吃的,贪婪的,贪心的
?ern
east→eastern 东方的,向东的   south→southern 南方的,向南的
west→western 西方的,向西的 north→northern 北方的,向北的
?ish
fool→foolish 愚蠢的       self→selfish 自私的      
child→childish 孩子气的
?ic
science→scientific 科学的     energy→energetic 精力充沛的
  Ⅲ.形容词转化为副词
类别
例词
直接加?ly
great→greatly 很,大大地 frequent→frequently 经常,频繁地
entire→entirely 完全地 selfless→selflessly 无私地,忘我地
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i再加?ly
heavy→heavily 沉重地  happy→happily高兴地
词尾为ble/le 的形容词,去掉e,再加?y
terrible→terribly 可怕地 gentle→gently轻轻地
词尾为ue的形容词,去掉e再加?ly
true→truly 真实地
词尾为ll的形容词,直接加?y
full→fully 充分地   dull→dully迟钝地
词尾为ic的形容词,直接加?ally
basic→basically 主要地 
scientific→scientifically 合乎科学地
Ⅰ.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1. The delay in delivery has put us to great __________ (convenience).
2. The ________ (remarkable) talented violinist fascinated the audience with her flawless performance.
3. He has only been playing football as a __________ (profession) for two years.
4. Rapidly nodding your head can leave the impression that you are __________ (patient) and too eager to add something to the conversation.
5. Students are encouraged to think __________ (critic) in class instead of accepting opinions without questioning them.
6. It is __________ (legal) to employ someone under the age of sixteen.
7. You may find to your __________ (amaze) that there is more kindness in your community than you ever believe possible.
8. If we carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later, as the burden becomes __________ (increase) heavy, we won't be able to carry on.
9. Some comedians tell jokes about the way people __________ (behavior).
10. Due to the widespread __________ (apply) of this medical technology, more diseases can be discovered and treated at an early stage.
11. This gives the paintings deeper __________ (mean) and more elegance.
12. After some time, when both of you have renewed your ________ (confident) in each other, go back to the time when you nearly fell apart.
13. Let's take the ________ (responsible) to build up a low?carbon city by riding bicycles.
14. Throughout the buffet dinner, we enjoyed several fantastic __________ (perform).
15. People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is __________ (use).
答案及解析:1.inconvenience 句意:发货的延迟给我们带来了很大的不便。根据形容词修饰名词及句意可知,convenience“便利”变为inconvenience“不便利”。故填inconvenience。
2. remarkably 句意:这位极具天赋的小提琴家以她完美无瑕的演奏迷住了观众。这里用副词修饰形容词talented。remarkable为形容词,意为“非凡的”,其副词形式为remarkably“非常地,惊人地”。故填remarkably。
3. professional 句意:他作为职业球员只踢了两年足球。根据句意和as a可知,此处应用其派生名词professional“专业人员”的单数形式作as的宾语。故填professional。
4. impatient 句意:迅速点头会给人留下你没有耐心、急于在谈话中添加内容的印象。are后需跟形容词作表语,由too eager to add something to the conversation可知,此空格处为“没有耐心的”,其形容词为impatient。故填impatient。
5. critically 句意:在课堂上鼓励学生进行批判性思考,而不是不加质疑地接受观点。修饰动词think,需用副词critically“批判性地”,作状语。故填critically。
6. illegal 句意:雇用16岁以下的人是违法的。根据常识可知,雇用16岁以下的人应该是违法的。故填illegal。
7. amazement 此处考查固定短语to one's amazement“令某人吃惊的是”。故填amazement。
8. increasingly 此处应用副词来修饰动词。故填increasingly。
9. behave 句意:一些喜剧演员以人们的行为举止为题材讲笑话。the way是先行词,后面是定语从句,缺少谓语,故用所给词的动词形式,由主句中的tell(一般现在时)再结合语境可知从句部分也用一般现在时,主语people为复数。故填behave。
10. application 句意:由于这种医药技术的广泛应用,可以在早期发现和治疗更多的疾病。分析句子可知,形容词widespread后用名词,此空为“应用”的意思,且为不可数名词。故填application。
11. meaning 空格处作宾语,并且与后面的名词elegance并列,应填名词。故填meaning。
12. confidence 空格处作宾语,需要用名词。故填confidence。
13. responsibility 空格处作宾语,需要用名词。故填responsibility。
14. performances 句意:在自助餐的过程中,我们欣赏了几场精彩的表演。该空作句子宾语,应用名词,且被several修饰,应用名词复数。故填performances。
15. useless 句意:人们重返学校当然有各种各样的原因,但有一件重要的事情需要知道,没有知识是无用的。空格前是系动词is,故用形容词作表语;又由句意可知,是“没有知识是无用的”。故填useless。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·山东济南)
Shuttlecock (毽子) kicking is a traditional popular folk game, dating as far back as the Han Dynasty.The fun game gained 1.__________ (popular) during the Tang Dynasty, when stores 2.__________ (specialize) in the shuttlecock business appeared. In the Qing Dynasty, shuttlecock kicking reached its peak in terms of both making techniques and kicking skills.
To make a feather shuttlecock, a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin 3.__________ (need). Through the coin hole you can stick some feathers, 4.__________ function is to delay the rising and falling of the shuttlecock.
There 5.__________ (be) a great number of variations in styles and methods of kicking. With one leg fixed on the ground, the shuttlecock is kicked by the inner ankle of 6.__________ other. Some other styles include kicking the shuttlecock backwards and forwards between two people. Those who advance to a high level of mastery can perform some actions that are 7.__________ (fair) wonderful. The challenge of the increasingly difficult levels of shuttlecock kicking has made it a popular and timeless game among Chinese children.
Playing with shuttlecocks is 8.__________ (benefit) to health. When people are kicking shuttlecocks, various parts of the body need to work together, which enhances balance capabilities and physical flexibility and helps them strengthen their legs. Besides, shuttlecock kicking is convenient 9.__________ (play). It can be practiced just about anywhere and anytime.
Since the establishment of the Chinese Shuttlecock Kicking Association in 1987, the national shuttlecock kicking tournament has been held annually, appealing 10.__________ people of all ages.
答案及解析:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了踢毽子是一项传统的民间运动,以及它的起源和发展。
1. popularity 考查名词。句意:这种有趣的游戏在唐代开始流行,当时专门从事毽子生意的商店出现了。分析句子可知,此处为名词popularity作宾语。故填popularity。
2. specializing 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词,specialize与逻辑主语stores之间为主动关系,所以此处用现在分词。故填specializing。
3. is needed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:要制作羽绒毽子,需要用一块布包裹一枚硬币。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,主语a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin和动词need之间为被动关系,结合句意可知,该句为陈述客观事实,所以为一般现在时,且主语为第三人称单数。故填is needed。
4. whose 考查定语从句。句意:通过硬币孔可以插入一些羽毛,其作用是延缓毽子的起落。分析句子可知,此处为关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词some feathers在从句中作function的定语成分。故填whose。
5. are 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:踢毽子的风格和方法有很多变化。分析句子可知,该句为There be句型,其谓语动词遵循主谓一致的就近原则,主语a great number of variations为复数意义,所以动词用复数形式,且讲述事实用一般现在时。故填are。
6. the 考查冠词。句意:一只脚固定在地面上,用另一只脚的内侧脚踝踢毽子。分析句子可知,此处为冠词the,构成the other,特指“另一只脚”,所以此处为定冠词the。故填the。
7. fairly 考查副词。句意:那些提升到精通水平的人可以做一些相当精彩的动作。分析句子可知,此处为副词fairly作状语修饰形容词wonderful。故填fairly。
8. beneficial 考查形容词。句意:踢毽子有益于健康。分析句子可知,此处为形容词短语be beneficial to“对……有益”。故填beneficial。
9. to play 考查非谓语动词。句意:此外,踢毽子也很方便。分析句子可知,此处为固定短语be+adj.+to do“做某事是怎样的”,所以此处为动词不定式形式作状语。故填to play。
10. to 考查介词。句意:自1987年中国毽球协会成立以来,每年都举办全国踢毽子比赛,吸引了各个年龄段的人们。分析句子可知,此处为动词短语appeal to“吸引”。故填to。
同课章节目录