【高考突破方案】语法第四讲 代词与it的用法 高考一轮总复习英语 （教师版） 译林版

第4讲　代词与it的用法
代词
Ⅰ.代词的概念：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
Ⅱ.代词可以分为以下八大类
人称 代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you(你们), they
宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you(你们), them
物主 代词 形容词性物主代词 my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
名词性物主代词 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some
疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
关系代词/连接代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
不定代词 one, some/any, each/every, none/no, many/much, few/little/a few/a little, other/another, all/both, neither/either
相互代词 each other, one another
Ⅲ.不定代词用法注意点
类别 区别 例句
some和any some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句 He offered some useful advice. Do you have any suggestions I'm not making any promises.
some和any some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议、请求等 Would you like some more coffee
some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示“某个”，any表示“任何一个” Go, and say some person from New York desires to see her. Any colour will do.
续表
类别 区别 例句
each和every each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上；而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上 Each (of us) has our own car.＝We each have our own car. Every student is capable of passing the exam./Every one of us is capable of passing the exam.
none和no none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数形式；代替可数名词，谓语单复数形式皆可；no等于not any，作定语 —How much bread is there in the kitchen —None. None of the passengers was/were injured. She has no money coming in and no funds.
other、the other和another other泛指“另外的，别的”，常与其他词连用，如：every other week、the other day、no other way; the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others He has doctor's appointment just about every other week. He had his first heart attack the other day. He raised one arm and then the other. Can you stay behind after the others have gone and help me clear up
another指“又一个，另一个”，无特定所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事” He gave the bell another press. A number of features discriminate this species from others(＝other species).
either和neither either指“两者(中任何一方)都”；neither指“两者(中任何一方)都不” You can park on either side of the road. Neither of us has ever skied.
Ⅳ.替代词的用法
代词 用法 例句
one 替代上文出现的“同类”事物，但不是“同一”事物，泛指同类事物中的一个，所替代的名词必须是可数名词。代替可数名词复数时用ones The bus was crowded so we decided to catch a later one. Any experience can teach and strengthen you, but particularly the more difficult ones.
the one 替代前面提到的单数名词，表示特指。有时可用that替代(尤其是在有后置定语的情况下)。代替可数名词复数时用the ones Their house is the one with the big garden in front. The students who are most successful are usually the ones who come to all the classes.
that 替代上文出现的“同类”事物，表示特指，其后常跟介词短语作后置定语；所替代的名词可以是不可数名词，也可以是可数名词。代替可数名词复数时用 those The air quality here is better than that of the downtown. The books on the desk are better than those under the desk.
it 替代上文出现的“同一”事物，被替代的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词(一般来说, it指代同类同物；one与that则指代同类异物) I love spring—it is a wonderful time of the year. (句中it就是指前面的spring)
it的用法
it作人称代词 指事物：作为人称代词，it 可指除人以外的一切事物 We will have an exam this Friday and I'm preparing for it.
指人：主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份 Is it a boy or a girl —Who is knocking on the door —It is Linda.
代替某些代词：代词it还可用于代替指示代词this、that 以及复合不定代词 something、anything、nothing等 —What's this —It's a new machine.
it作非人称代词 it用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象 It rained all day yesterday. It's early spring, but it is already hot.
常用句型： it's time for sth. 该做某事了 it's time (for sb.) to do sth. 到(某人)该做某事的时候了 it's (about/high) time＋that… 某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去式，或“should＋动词原形”，should不可省略) it's the＋序数词＋time＋that… 某人第几次干某事(从句谓语用现在完成时) it＋be＋时间段＋since… 自从……有一段时间了 it＋be＋时间段＋before… 过了多长时间才…… It's time for Brooke to stop hesitating. It's the first time that we've been to the cinema together as a family. It has been a few decades since the computer came into being. It was many years before the full story was made public.
it作形式主语 当不定式、动名词、从句等作主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it It is difficult to separate legend from truth. It's a mystery how the prisoner escaped.
常用句型： it＋be＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事…… it takes sb.＋时间段＋to do sth. 某人做某事花……时间 it is up to sb. to do sth. 该由某人做某事；由某人决定做某事 it looks/seems/appears/happens/occurs that/as if… 似乎…… if it were not for…/if it hadn't been for… 若不是因为…… It is important for a manager to be able to get the support of his peer group. It took me so long to walk through the deep snow. He has an opportunity, but it is up to him to seize it. It seemed as if she'd been gone forever. If it were not for the heat of the sun, the Earth will be a frozen ball.
it作形式宾语 当不定式、动名词、从句等作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语放在句末。其基本结构为“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式/动名词/从句” We believe it possible to learn English well. I think it no use complaining. I find it absolutely astonishing that you don't like it.
it作模糊指代 作模糊指代的特殊结构： 动词＋it＋that… 动词＋it＋when/if… 动词＋prep.＋it＋that… 动词＋it＋介词短语＋that… I hate it when people lie. See to it that you're not late again. You can depend on it that all of us will stand by you all the time.
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1. Being such a popular teacher, Molly made __________ interesting to learn all those boring classical writings.
2. I saw two boys rising to __________ (they) feet at the same time to answer the question I raised.
3. She found __________ (she) on the receiving end of a great deal of criticism.
4. Both teams were in hard training; __________ was willing to lose the game.
5. I'd appreciate __________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
6. At our factory there are a few machines similar to __________ described in that magazine.
7. Tom told me that he needed a chair and that soon he found __________.
8. Thanks for inviting __________ (we) to your food festival. We really enjoyed __________ (we).
9. Bacteria can attach __________ (it) to your food instantly, regardless of how quickly it is picked up.
10. __________ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
11. It is very necessary that children should be taught how to get along with __________ (other).
12. We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let's have __________ one this month.
13. With the loss of her husband in the earthquake, the two children mean __________ to the young mother.
14. Though __________ is generally assumed that junk food is not healthy, fast food restaurants are popping up all over the world.
15. Over the past 20 years, the Internet has helped change our world in __________ way or another for the better.
答案及解析：1.it　句意：作为一个如此受欢迎的老师，莫莉让学习那些无聊的古典作品变得很有趣。此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，空处使用it作形式宾语，形容词interesting是宾补，后面的动词不定式短语是真正的宾语。
2. their　句意：我看见两个男孩同时站起身回答我提出的这个问题。rise to one's feet为固定搭配，意为“站起身”。
3. herself　句意：她发现自己遭到众多的批评。设空处作宾语且与主语为同一人称，故用反身代词。
4. neither　句意：两支球队都在艰苦训练；这两支球队都不愿输掉比赛。neither表示“两者都不”，与both对应。
5. it　句意：假如您提前让我知道您是否会来，我将不胜感激。I'd appreciate it if…属于固定句式，表示“假如……我将不胜感激”。
6. those　句意：在我们工厂有几台和那本杂志里描述相似的机器。用those替代特指的the machines，以避免重复。
7. one　句意：汤姆告诉我他需要一把椅子，不久他就找到了一把。one 在此泛指同类事物中的一个。
8. us; ourselves　句意：感谢邀请我们参加你们的美食节。我们真的玩得很开心。第一空是代词作动词宾语。第二空是“enjoy oneself”固定用法，表示“玩得开心”。
9. itself　句意：细菌可以立即附着在你的食物上，不管你捡得有多快。it和主语Bacteria是同一指代对象，应用反身代词作宾语，故填itself。
10. Anyone　考查代词。句意：最后离开房间的人应该关灯。根据下文“leaves the room”可知，这里需要一个不定代词来指代任何一个可能最后离开房间的人。anyone是一个不定代词，用来指任何一个人，符合句意。
11. others　句意：教育孩子如何与别人和睦相处很有必要。others指“其他人”，不强调范围。
12. another　another表示“另外一个”，无特定所指。
13. everything　句意：地震中她失去了丈夫，对于这位年轻的母亲来说两个孩子就是她的一切。根据句意，应填everything。
14. it　句意：虽然人们普遍认为垃圾食品不健康，但快餐店在世界各地如雨后春笋般涌现。it is generally assumed that…是固定句型，意为“人们普遍认为……”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是主语从句，因此空格处是it。
15. one　one way or another是固定词组，表示“以某种方式”。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·福建厦门)
Canada, a vast and diverse nation, is like a blossoming flower, wining the heart of those who enjoy 1.__________ it has to offer. 2.__________ (stretch) from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, it boasts breathtaking beauty and cultural richness. Its ten provinces and three 3.__________ (territory) have many amazing natural sights, from the grand Rocky Mountains in the west to the amazing Niagara Falls in the east. 4.__________ (protect) areas like Banff and Jasper National Parks preserve these natural treasures for public enjoyment.
The mix of cultures in Canada is also 5.__________ (impress), coming from its history of indigenous peoples and European settlers. Today, it is 6.__________ melting pot of different ethnic groups, with about one fifth of its population being foreign born. This diversity shows in various aspects of life, from languages and cuisine 7.__________ architecture and music. Cities like Vancouver, Montreal, and Cape Breton Island offer immersive experiences in Chinese, French, and Celtic cultures respectively, showing how varied Canada's culture is.
This cultural richness 8.__________ (celebrate) annually on Multiculturalism Day, showing its commitment to including everyone. From its beautiful natural scenery to its lively communities, Canada is seen as one of the best places 9.__________ (live) by the United Nations. Whether you live there or visit, Canada welcomes everyone to discover 10.__________ (it) wonders and embrace its mix of cultures.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大的一些相关知识，包括其地理环境、早期居民和文化多样性。
1. what　考查名词性从句。句意：加拿大是一个幅员辽阔、多样化的国家，就像一朵盛开的花朵，赢得了那些享受它所提供一切的人的心。空处引导宾语从句，作enjoy的宾语，且从句中缺少offer的宾语，表示“什么”，应用what引导。故填what。
2. Stretching　考查非谓语动词。句意：它从大西洋延伸到太平洋，拥有令人惊叹的美景和丰富的文化。句中已有谓语boasts，空处作非谓语动词，stretch与逻辑主语it之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，且置于句首，首字母大写。故填Stretching。
3. territories　考查名词。句意：它的十个省和三个地区有许多令人惊叹的自然景观，从西部雄伟的落基山脉到东部令人惊叹的尼亚加拉大瀑布。territory是可数名词，空处由three修饰，名词应用复数形式territories。故填territories。
4. Protected　考查非谓语动词。句意：班夫和贾斯珀国家公园等保护区保护着这些自然宝藏，供公众欣赏。句中已有谓语preserve，空处作非谓语动词，protect与逻辑主语areas之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语，且置于句首，首字母大写。故填Protected。
5. impressive　考查形容词。句意：加拿大的文化融合也令人印象深刻，这源于其土著人民和欧洲殖民者的历史。空处作句子表语，表示“令人印象深刻的”，应用形容词impressive作表语。故填impressive。
6. a　考查冠词。句意：如今，它是一个不同种族的大熔炉，约五分之一的人口是外来移民。结合语意可知，此处表示一个大熔炉，空处应用不定冠词，melting是辅音音素开头的单词，前边需加不定冠词a。故填a。
7. to　考查介词。句意：这种多样性体现在生活的各个方面，从语言和美食到建筑和音乐。from…to…为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”，符合题意。故填to。
8. is celebrated　考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：每年在多元文化日庆祝这种文化丰富性，体现了其对包容每个人的承诺。根据句中annually可知，句子表示反复发生的动作，应用一般现在时，celebrate与主语This cultural richness之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，be动词使用is。故填is celebrated。
9. to live　考查动词不定式。句意：从美丽的自然风光到充满活力的社区，加拿大被联合国视为最佳居住地之一。空处作后置定语，修饰名词places，且places前由最高级the best修饰，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to live。
10. its　考查代词。句意：无论你住在那里还是去加拿大旅游，加拿大都欢迎每个人探索它的奇观，拥抱它的文化融合。结合语意可知，此处表示“它的奇观”，空处应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，符合题意。故填its。
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