【高考突破方案】语法第八讲 被动语态 高考一轮总复习英语 （教师版） 译林版

第8讲　被动语态
Ⅰ.被动语态的用法说明
时态 被动语态结构 情态动词的被动结构
一般现在时 am/is/are＋done can/could/may/might/should/would/ought to be＋done
一般过去时 was/were＋done
一般将来时 will/shall be＋done
过去将来时 would/should be＋done
现在进行时 am/is/are being＋done
过去进行时 was/were being＋done
现在完成时 have/has been＋done
过去完成时 had been＋done
将来进行时 will/shall be being＋done
将来完成时 will/shall have been＋done
现在完成进行时 has/have been being＋done
Ⅱ.使用被动语态时要注意的问题
注意事项 例句
只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态，不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有appear、disappear、die、end、happen、occur、lie、remain、sit、stand、rise、break out、come true、fall asleep、keep silence、lose heart、take place、belong to、come about、consist of、burst out、run out、come into being等 The price has risen. The price has been raised. Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip. The United Nations came into being in 1945.
反身代词或相互代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态 You must look after yourself. We should help each other whatever happens.
动词(read/write/sell/wash/clean/wear/open/ eat/lock/…)＋副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly/ smoothly/ …)表示主语的属性特征时，用主动形式表被动含义 The pen writes very smoothly. The cloth wears long and washes well. This poem doesn't translate well.
英语中一些带介词的动词短语，其作用相当于一个及物动词，可用于被动语态，这时应该保留其介词。常见的可用于被动语态的这类动词短语有hear of(听说)；talk about(谈论)；send for(派人去请)；operate on(动手术)；laugh at(嘲笑)；look after(照看)；take care of(照看)；think well of(对……评价高)；make fun of(嘲笑)；ask for(要求)；break into(破门而入)；deal with(处理)；look into(调查)；look up(查找)；get rid of(除去)；make use of(利用)；pay attention to(注意)；put an end to(结束)等 The doctor has been sent for. For this he was often made fun of.
“连系动词＋adj.”一般不用被动语态： ·表“状态，感觉，终止”的有be、appear、feel、look、prove、taste、smell、sound等 ·表“变化”的有become、come、drop、fall、get、go、grow、make、run、turn、work等 ·表“依旧”的有continue、hold、keep、lie、remain、rest、stay、stand等 She appears to be friendly. The material feels very soft. Einstein's theory proved to be correct. The apple tastes very delicious. The music sounds very familiar to me. The meat has gone bad. The weather will continue fine in two days. May you stay young. The Swede stood still.
在die、sleep、smile、laugh、fight、dream、live等动词后接的是相应的同源宾语时，不用被动语态 She smiled a sweet smile at me. We are living a happy life. She dreamed a bad dream last night. I slept a good sleep last night. He died a natural death.
续表
注意事项 例句
在形容词后作状语用的不定式，与主语构成动宾关系时，则用主动形式表示被动意义(常用于此结构的形容词有difficult、hard、easy、interesting、pleasant、nice、fit、bitter、light、heavy、important等) ★1.如果句中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语要用主动语态 2. 如果句中的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语须用被动语态 The street was difficult to find on the map. His telephone number is easy to remember. The novel is interesting to read. The song is pleasant to hear. Good medicine is bitter to taste. The box is too heavy (for you) to lift. I have a letter to type, so I can't go with you.(自己打) He has no more letters to be typed. Thank you.(让别人打) I found Einstein's theory hard to understand. (自己理解) I found my theory hard to be understood. (让别人理解)
动词need、require、want、deserve、be worth等词后跟doing的主动结构常表示被动含义，但是也可用不定式的被动结构 The room needs cleaning (＝to be cleaned). The young trees require looking after (＝to be looked after). The plants want watering (＝to be watered) daily. The question deserves considering (＝to be considered). The novel is well worth reading (＝worthy to be read).
Ⅰ.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1. Applications should __________ (submit) as early as possible.
2. My washing machine __________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
3. I have been working here for 24 years since I __________ (select).
4. The bridge __________ (build) this time last month. Now we can cross it.
5. In his opinion, until the cases __________ (clarify), the families of the victims will continue to suffer.
6. It is not the first time that he __________ (investigate) by the police for cheating.
7. Unfortunately, he __________ (remove) from the company last week.
8. The project which they have been working on for months __________ (expect) to be completed by the end of this year.
9. A large number of supplies __________ (send) to the countries struck by the earthquake so far.
10. It was a great honour for me—I __________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600 acre Panda Base.
11. Not only the students but also the teacher has been invited to the party, which __________ (hold) in the school hall next Friday.
12. We are glad to see that some means of preventing pollution __________ (try) in this area in the past five years.
13. Last Friday, my classmates and I came to the nearby library to read books, but only to be told that it __________ (decorate).
14. By the time the reservation time came, all the dishes __________ (serve).
15. This oil field ____________ (open) by the end of next month.
答案及解析：1.be submitted　句意：申请应该尽早提交。根据句意，此空填谓语动词，applications和submit为被动关系且此空在情态动词should后，故填be submitted。
2. is being repaired　句意：这周我的洗衣机正在维修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand可知，洗衣机正在维修，应用现在进行时的被动语态，故填is being repaired。
3. was selected　句意：自从我被选中以来，我已经在这里工作了24年。since引导的时间状语从句描述过去的动作，故从句时态用一般过去时，且select和主语I之间是被动关系，因此从句用一般过去时的被动语态，主语I为第一人称单数，be动词用was，故填was selected。
4. was being built　句意：这座桥在上个月的这个时候正被建造。现在我们可以过桥了。根据this time last month可知，时态应用过去进行时，主语The bridge与build是被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，故填was being built。
5. are clarified　句意：在他看来，在案件得到澄清之前，受害者家属将继续遭受痛苦。主语为the cases，为复数，且根据主句的will可知，此处为“主将从现”，故此处until引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时，且cases与clarify之间为被动关系，故填are clarified。
6. has been investigated　句意：这已经不是他第一次因行骗而被警方调查了。从句主语he与谓语investigate构成被动关系，此处为句型“it is the first time that＋现在完成时”，故用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has，故填has been investigated。
7. was removed　句意：不幸的是，他上周被公司开除了。根据时间状语last week可知时态用一般过去时，remove与主语he之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故填was removed。
8. is expected　句意：他们已经工作了几个月的项目预计在今年年底完成。根据上下文可知，描述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时；project和expect之间是被动关系，且主语the project为第三人称单数，be动词用is，故填is expected。
9. have been sent　句意：到目前为止，已有许多物资被送往发生地震的国家。此处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语so far可知，应用现在完成时，句子主语A large number of supplies和send之间为被动关系，因此，使用现在完成时的被动语态，且句子主语为A large number of supplies，所以谓语动词用have，故填 have been sent。
10. was allowed　句意：在这个占地六百英亩的大熊猫基地，我被允许接近这些可爱的动物。由上下文可知应用一般过去时，I和allow之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，I是第一人称单数，be动词应用was, 故填was allowed。
11. will be held　句意：不仅学生而且老师也被邀请参加派对，这个派对将在下周五在学校礼堂举行。根据时间状语next Friday可知用一般将来时，且party和hold之间是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be held。
12. have been tried　句意：我们高兴地看到，在过去的五年中，这个地区已经尝试了一些防止污染的方法。根据时间状语“in the past five years”可知，应用现在完成时，try和主语some means之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，助动词应用have，故填have been tried。
13. was being decorated　句意：上周五，我和同学来到附近的图书馆看书，却被告知正在装修。由时间状语Last Friday可知应用过去的时态。that引导的宾语从句中的主语 it 指代上文的 the nearby library，与 decorate 之间是被动关系，并且此处表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作，因此使用过去进行时的被动语态。主语it为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故填was being decorated。
14. had been served　句意：到预定时间时，所有的菜都已经上桌了。主语all the dishes 与serve为被动关系，且由By the time the reservation time came可知，这里表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故填had been served。
15. will have been opened　句意：到下月底为止，这块油田将已被开采。 根据句中的时间状语by the end of next month可知应用将来完成时，且主语This oil field与open之间是被动关系，故填will have been opened。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·河南联考)
In China, the principles of three Rs—reduce, reuse, recycle—are being brought to life in a unique way at the Mingsha Mountain Crescent Spring (月牙泉) scenic spot in Dunhuang, northwest China's Gansu Province. With the tourist season in full swing, the site, crowded 1.__________ about 20，000 visitors daily, has put significant pressure on cleaning workers and made waste management an urgent challenge.
2. __________ (address) this issue, the scenic area introduced an 3.__________ (innovation) program named “Trash hunt for gifts”. 4.__________ (encourage) to carry rubbish bags on them by the program, visitors can collect litter around the site. In return, they 5.__________ (reward) with small gifts that reflect Dunhuang's rich cultural heritage. This move represents efforts to promote 6.__________ (responsible) and care for the environment.
The site has witnessed various families 7.__________ (active) filling their rubbish bags, with children excited to trade their collected litter for gifts. The parents proudly emphasized how these small actions made 8.__________ big difference for the environment.
Such an activity is turning tourists into environmental caretakers, 9. (contribute) to the preservation of the site's beauty. Similar activities are spreading across China and showing a growing situation 10.__________ tourists are not only passive visitors but are also becoming effective protectors of these cherished natural wonders.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于中国西北部甘肃省敦煌市的鸣沙山月牙泉景区以一种独特的方式践行“减少，再利用，再循环”的环保三原则，即推出“垃圾寻宝”的创新项目，鼓励游客参与环保行动，共同保护景区美景。
1. with　考查介词。句意：随着旅游旺季的到来，该景点每天约有2万名游客拥挤不堪，这给清洁工带来了巨大压力，也使垃圾管理成为紧迫的挑战。be crowded with…是固定搭配，意为“挤满了……”。故填with。
2. To address　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决这个问题，景区推出了一项名为“垃圾寻宝”的创新项目。“2.______ (address) this issue”是该项目的目的，用不定式作目的状语，意为“为了解决这个问题”；句首单词首字母大写。故填To address。
3. innovative　考查形容词。句意同上。提示词修饰名词program，用形容词innovative作定语，意为“创新的”。故填innovative。
4. Encouraged　考查非谓语动词。句意：在该项目的鼓励下，游客们会随身携带垃圾袋，收集景区周围的垃圾。“4.______ (encourage) to carry rubbish bags on them by the program”作原因状语，空格处应填非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语visitors之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Encouraged。
5. are rewarded/will be rewarded　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：作为回报，他们将获得显示敦煌丰富文化遗产的小礼物。reward(奖赏，奖励)是句子谓语动词，与主语they之间是被动关系，根据上下文可知，可以用一般现在时或者一般将来时，应用一般现在时或者一般将来时的被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词用are或will be。故填are rewarded/will be rewarded。
6. responsibility　考查名词。句意：此举旨在促进对环境的责任和关怀的努力。提示词作宾语，用名词responsibility，意为“责任”，为不可数名词。故填responsibility。
7. actively　考查副词。句意：该景点见证了许多家庭积极地填满他们的垃圾袋，孩子们兴奋地用他们收集的垃圾换取礼物。提示词修饰动词filling，用副词作状语，意为“积极地”。故填actively。
8. a　考查冠词。句意：父母们自豪地强调，这些小小的行动对环境产生了巨大的影响。make a difference是固定短语，意为“产生影响”。故填a。
9. contributing　考查非谓语动词。句意：这样的活动正在把游客变成环境保护者，为保护景区的美景做出贡献。“9.______ (contribute) to the preservation of the site's beauty”作后置定语，空格处应填非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语caretakers之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填contributing。
10. where　考查定语从句。句意：类似的活动正在中国各地蔓延，显示出一种日益增长的形势，即游客不仅是被动的参观者，而且正在成为这些珍贵的自然奇观的有效保护者。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词situation ，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这种形势中”，是模糊地点，用关系副词where。故填where。
(
1
)