【高考突破方案】语法第十一讲 名词性从句 高考一轮总复习英语 （教师版） 译林版

第11讲　名词性从句
Ⅰ.名词性从句的概念：名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
Ⅱ.名词性从句中连接词的使用问题
类别 词义 在句中充当的成分 附注
从属连词 that 无 无 有时可以省略
whether/if 是否 无 下列情况只能用whether，不用if：主语从句置于句首时；介词的宾语从句；后有or not；动词不定式前；引导表语从句时
as if/as though 似乎，仿佛 无 表语从句的引导词之一
连接代词 who 谁 主语、宾语 源于疑问代词，指代人或事物。其后可与 ever组合加强语气（whose除外）。例：whoever（无论谁）；whatever（无论什么，凡是……的）；whichever（无论哪一个，无论哪些）
whom 谁 宾语
whose 谁的 定语
what 什么，所……的事物 主语、宾语、表语
which 哪个，哪些 主语、定语、表语
连接副词 when 何时，……的时候 时间状语 源于疑问副词，同样可与 ever组合加强语气（why除外）。例：whenever（无论什么时候）；wherever（无论何地）；however（无论如何）
where （在）哪里，……的地方 地点状语
why 为什么，……的原因 原因状语
how 怎样，……的方式 方式状语
Ⅲ.名词性从句的类型及用法说明
类别 讲解 例句
主语从句 ①为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语置于句首，而将主语从句移至句末（特别当that、whether/if等词引导主语从句时），由此形成几种句型，常见的有4种： A：it is＋n.(a pity, a fact, a pleasure…)＋that… B：it is＋adj.(necessary, strange, likely…)＋that… C：it is＋v. ed(considered, supposed, hoped…)＋that… D：it happened that… ②whether、if引导主语从句时意思相同，但if从句不能置于句首 ③wh 词（即连接代词/副词）引导的名词性从句要用陈述句的语序 ①That he will come to the discussion is certain.→It is certain that he will come to the discussion. 他肯定会来参加讨论。 ②It is common knowledge that drug abuse leads to harmful consequences. 药物滥用会导致有害的结果，这是常识。 ③It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 如果你继续吸烟，你的健康可能会受到损害。 ④It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. 据估计，英语中80%的谈话都是闲谈。 ⑤It happened that I was out when he came. 他来的时候碰巧我出去了。 ⑥Whether the school sports meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. 学校运动会是否会延期还没有决定下来。 ⑦Where we shall do the test is still under discussion. 我们在什么地方做这个测验还在讨论中。
表语从句 ①as if/as though 作连词引导表语从句，谓语动词可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气 ②主句的主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，不用why或because ③主句的主语是idea、advice、suggestion、proposal、order、request、requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语常用虚拟语气(should) do的形式 ①The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if/as though a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市。好像一张巨大的黑色毯子被扔到它的上面。 ②The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much. 发生这样严重事故的原因就是司机太粗心而且喝了太多的酒。 ③My proposal is that you should make good use of your time. 我的建议是你该好好利用你的时间。
宾语从句 ①a.作动词的宾语（动宾），即“动词＋宾语从句” b．动词（advise、ask、inform、remind、show、promise等）＋间接宾语＋宾语从句 ②作介词的宾语（介宾），即“介词＋宾语从句”，有时还会碰到“介词（短语）＋it＋that”结构 ③作形容词的宾语，即“形容词＋宾语从句” ④it作形式宾语： a．常见的动词（believe、consider、feel、find、know、make、prove等）＋it＋宾语补足语＋that引导的宾语从句 b．一些表喜怒哀乐的动词（like、love、enjoy、appreciate、dislike、hate等）＋it＋宾语从句 c．动词＋it＋介词短语＋that引导的宾语从句 ★that引导的宾语从句： ①that引导宾语从句时，往往可以省略，但涉及多个并列宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略 ②否定转移：当谓语动词是think、consider、suppose、believe、expect、guess、imagine等，主句是第一人称的一般现在时时，如果从句谓语是否定的，常将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句用肯定形式 ③如果宾语从句为一般客观事实、真理，不管主句什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时 ①I know that he is friendly and hospitable. 我知道他很友好而且好客。 ②She promised us that she would give us more help later on. 她答应我们她以后会给予我们更多的帮助。 ③I know nothing about the matter except what you told me. 除了你告诉我的情况以外，对此事我一无所知。 You may depend on it that they will support you. 你放心，他们会支持你的。 ④I am not certain that I have met him before.我不敢肯定我以前见过他。 ⑤I thought it strange that he didn't come yesterday. 让我感到奇怪的是，他昨天没来。 ⑥I enjoy it when the sun shines brightly and then I can take a walk on the beach. 我喜欢阳光灿烂时在海边沙滩上散步。 I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 如果你能教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。 I hate it that everybody failed the exam. 我不喜欢大家考试都不及格。 ⑦Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o'clock. 记住，你必须在十点前回家。 ⑧He said (that) you needn't worry and that he would help you. 他说你不必担心，他会帮助你的。 ⑨I don't think he can do it better than me. 我认为他不可能做得比我更好。 ⑩The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. 老师说太阳从东方升起。
同位语从句 ①同位语从句是解释其前面名词的内容，与名词构成平起平坐的关系。后接同位语从句的往往是具有一定内容含义的抽象名词。如fact、belief、thought、truth、idea、news、hope、doubt、suggestion、evidence、promise、message、information、possibility、decision、conclusion、warning、order、rule、instruction、question等 ②同位语从句通常由that引导，也可由whether、when、which、who、how、what、why等连接词引导 ③同位语从句有时不是紧跟在有关的名词后面，而是被其他的词隔开了 ①I've got a belief that one day he'll be famous. 我相信总有一天他会出名的。 ②I have no idea what he's talking about. 我不知道他在说些什么。 ③I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他何时回来。 ④I have no idea which dictionary is hers. 我不知道哪一本字典是她的。 ⑤The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research. 会上提出了我们的研究经费是否足够的问题。
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1. It is raining heavily. __________ the sports meeting will be held depends on the weather.
2. Despite the fact __________ the Chinese team faced the strong opponents, it made it eventually.
3. The problem is __________ we can turn to for help when in trouble.
4. Whether big or small, __________ all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences.
5. The reason why he was late was __________ he missed the train by one minute this morning.
6. The humble apartment is __________ the great writer once lived.
7. Most parents understand __________ important education is to their children's future.
8. She returned only to find the house was in a mess but she had no idea __________ was to blame.
9. He asked me __________ pronunciation in English was the best in the class.
10. __________ expects a good mark in the exam is supposed to make great efforts in their daily learning.
11. Leaves contain certain temperature sensitive chemicals. That's ________ the leaves change color in the fall.
12. __________ we can have clean drinking water lies in __________ effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
13. I was so nervous that I hardly tell __________ direction was left.
14. I wondered __________ the first day of school was always such a circus.
15. __________ theory must be put into practice is __________ we must always keep in mind.
答案及解析：1.When　考查主语从句。句意：天正在下大雨。运动会何时举行取决于天气。“______ the sports meeting will be held”是主语从句，根据句意可知，应用when引导，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填When。
2. that　考查同位语从句。句意：尽管中国队面临着强大的对手，但最终还是取得了胜利。空处引导的同位语从句，作the fact的同位语，从句中不缺成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导该从句。故填that。
3. who/whom　考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们遇到困难时能向谁求助。此处为表语从句，从句中缺少turn to的宾语，且指人，所以此处使用连接代词who或者whom。故填who/whom。
4. what　考查主语从句。句意：无论大小，我们所有的选择都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会导致特定的后果。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事情。故填what。
5. that　考查表语从句。句意：他迟到的原因是他今天早上晚了一分钟没赶上火车。设空处引导的表语从句，构成the reason why…was that…的固定结构。故填that。
6. where　考查表语从句。句意：那间简陋的公寓是那位伟大作家曾经住过的地方。设空处引导的是表语从句，根据句意可知，表示“住过的地方”用where。故填where。
7. how　考查宾语从句。句意：大多数父母都明白教育对孩子的未来多么重要。“______ important education is to their children's future”是宾语从句，引导词修饰形容词important，结合句意，表示“多么”，用连接副词how引导从句。故填how。
8. who　考查同位语从句。句意：她返回去发现房子里一片狼藉，却不知道是谁干的。设空处引导同位语从句，说明idea的内容，从句缺少主语，指人，应用who。
9. whose　考查宾语从句。句意：他问我班上谁的英语发音最好。设空处引导的是宾语从句，此处表示“谁的”使用whose引导宾语从句。
10. Whoever　考查主语从句。句意：任何期望在考试中取得好成绩的人都应该在日常学习中付出巨大努力。设空处引导主语从句，表示“任何人”，应用whoever引导，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Whoever。
11. why　考查表语从句。句意：叶子含有某些对温度敏感的化学物质。这就是树叶在秋天变色的原因。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。故填why。
12. Whether; what　考查主语从句和宾语从句。句意：我们是否能喝上干净的饮用水在于政府对水污染采取什么样的有效措施。分析句子可知“______ we can have clean drinking water”是主语从句，意思是“我们能否喝上干净的饮用水”，所以用whether来引导，首字母大写。故第一空填Whether。“______ effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution”是宾语从句，意思是“政府对水污染采取什么样的有效措施”，故用what来引导。故第二空填what。
13. which　考查宾语从句。句意：我太紧张了，几乎分不清左边是哪个方向。空处引导宾语从句，表示“哪一个”应用which。故填which。
14. whether/if　考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道开学的第一天是否总是那么热闹。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，此处表示“是否”，需用连接词whether/if引导。
15. That; what　考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：理论必须付诸实践，这是我们必须始终牢记的事情。分析句子结构可知，“theory must be put into practice”是一个完整的主语从句，句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，因此第一个空应用连接词that引导主语从句，且首字母大写。故第一空填That。第二个空为表语从句，从句缺少keep的宾语，指的是事情，连接词为what。故第二空填what。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·安徽马鞍山)
A Californian woman has become a fitness influencer in her 50s after losing more than 40 pounds and taking up bodybuilding.
Denise Kirtley, 54, was inspired 1.________ (turn) her life around two months before her 50th birthday after finding that her wedding ring no longer fit on her finger.
“When I 2.__________ (start) my transformation in 2020, I had been sedentary (惯于久坐不动的) for 3.__________ long while，” Kirtley explained. She began lifting light weights in her spare bedroom, saying she was 4.__________ unfit for the first two weeks that she quickly felt 5.__________ (breath) and tired. But Kirtley said the secret to 6.________ (get) started on a body transformation is 7.__________ (simple) to repeat workouts five times per week because action often precedes (先于) motivation.
“Action leads to more action. We can't wait for motivation to kick in as it usually comes 8.__________ (late)，” she said. “If you can start taking action, any action, you will build momentum (推进力). That momentum will push you forward. It DOES get easier.”
The 54 year old said she'd also transformed her attitude toward growing older. “We really do get to choose 9.__________ we age. It's all about your mindset，” she said. “Old and aging are very different—there's nothing wrong 10.__________ aging, and I embrace (欣然接受) my age. I'm aging, but I'm strong and spirited.”
答案及解析：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了54岁的Denise Kirtley通过健身改变了自己的生活，她的故事表明了人们要以积极的行动来面对老龄化。
1. to turn　考查动词不定式。句意：54岁的Denise Kirtley在50岁生日前两个月发现她的结婚戒指不再适合她的手指后，受到激励，决定改变自己的生活。inspire sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，被动形式为“be inspired to do sth.”。故填to turn。
2. started　考查动词时态。句意：Kirtley解释道：“当我在2020年开始转变时，我已经习惯久坐不动了。”根据句中的“in 2020”可知，动词start使用一般过去时。故填started。
3. a　考查冠词。句意同上。while为单数名词，long是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a，for a long while意为“很长一段时间”。故填a。
4. so　考查结果状语从句。句意：她开始在闲置的卧室里举重，她说前两周她身体不适，很快就感到呼吸困难和疲惫。空格处应填入so，与that构成“so…that…”，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
5. breathless　考查形容词。句意同上。此处使用形容词作表语，需要的词义为“气喘吁吁的”，即breathless。故填breathless。
6. getting　考查动名词。句意：但Kirtley说，开始形体转变的秘诀很简单：每周重复锻炼五次，因为动作往往先于动力。“the secret to…”表示“……的秘密”，to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填getting。
7. simply　考查副词。句意同上。使用副词作状语修饰动词不定式to repeat ，需要的词义为“简单”，为simply。故填simply。
8. later　考查比较级。句意：我们不能等待动力的激发，因为它通常来得较晚。使用副词的比较级作状语修饰动词comes，需要的词义为“较晚地”，即later。故填later。
9. how　考查宾语从句。句意：我们真的可以选择衰老的方式。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句缺少状语，表示“做某事的方式”，因此使用how引导宾语从句。故填how。
10. with　考查固定句型。句意：年纪大和衰老是非常不同的——衰老没有错，我欣然接受自己的年龄。there's nothing wrong with意为“……没有错”。故填with。
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